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1
Uko, Esther. "The Ambiguity Surrounding Parents’ Role on Sex Education Of Their Children: Nigeria Experience." IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science 18, no. 5 (2013): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-1855257.
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Musa, A. "SEX EDUCATION IN NIGERIA: ATTITUDE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS AND THE ROLE OF PARENTS AND STAKEHOLDERS." Open Journal of Educational Development (ISSN: 2734-2050) 1, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/ojed.v1i1.60.
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This study investigated the level of awareness of sex education among secondary school adolescents in Niger state, to assess the level of the already initiated comprehensive sex education program by the federal ministry of health. The study utilizes an empirical survey design. In order to obtain data for the research, stratified random and judgmental sampling technique were adopted. The instrument used to elicit information from the respondents was a well-structured questionnaire. Result from the study shows that it is important to impact knowledge about sex and sexuality to adolescents. As, many of the respondents show positive attitude towards sex education (65%), they knew its effectiveness (54%) and consequence of risk behaviors (86%) but lacked appropriate knowledge (42%). Based on these findings, it is therefore imperative that adolescents need more sex education at all levels with full parental participation.
Musa, A. | Department of Clinical Nursing. Sir Muhammad Sanusi Specialist Hospital (SMSSH), Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
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Onosakponome, E. O., and M. N. Wogu. "The Role of Sex in Malaria-COVID19 Coinfection and Some Associated Factors in Rivers State, Nigeria." Journal of Parasitology Research 2020 (December 2, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8829848.
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Objectives. Data on the coinfection of malaria and COVID-19 is highly limited especially in Africa due to the novel nature of the pandemic COVID-19. Malaria and COVID-19 share striking similarities in their symptoms. A cross-sectional randomized study was conducted to investigate the role of sex in the coinfection of malaria and COVID-19 as well as some associated factors in Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods. Ethical approval was obtained from the Rivers State Health and Ethics Committee before the commencement of this study, and the study was conducted at the COVID-19 Treatment Center Medical Laboratory, Rivers State, Nigeria. Intravenous blood samples from three hundred randomly selected consenting study participants were examined for Plasmodium species using Giemsa microscopy, while pretested questionnaires were used to obtain data on sex, risk factors, and symptoms. All data generated were analyzed statistically using the Chi-square test with a P < 0.05 value considered significant. Results. All study participants had Plasmodium species (100% prevalence) with varying parasite loads, and P. falciparum was the only species observed. Study participants (irrespective of sex) with low and high parasitaemia had the highest and least prevalence, respectively ( P > 0.05 ). Male study participants experienced more symptoms than females ( P > 0.05 ) except for sore throat which had an equal value among males and females. Travel history was the only risk factor that showed significant association with sex, and males had a higher value than females ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Malaria and COVID-19 are major public health issues in Nigeria; more researches on these diseases especially in epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine production are vital.
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Giwa, Sulaimon Abiodun Olawale, Carmen H. Logie, Karun K. Karki, Olumide F. Makanjuola, and Chinonye Edmund Obiagwu. "Police violence targeting LGBTIQ+ people in Nigeria: Advancing solutions for a 21st century challenge." Greenwich Social Work Review 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21100/gswr.v1i1.1108.
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The Government of Nigeria passed the Same-Sex Marriage Prohibition Act (SSMPA) in 2014, emboldening the human rights violations of LGBT Nigerians by state and nonstate actors. Nigerian police enforce morality laws that criminalize same-sex relations, but their role as perpetrators of violence has not been well studied. Using six-year (2014 to 2019) administrative data, this article investigates the severity, prevalence, and typology of police violence and abuse of LGBT Nigerians. Since SSMPA, violence against LGBT Nigerians has risen by 214 percent. Survivors frequently report arbitrary arrest and unlawful detention, invasion of privacy, physical assault and battery, and blackmail/extortion. This study is the first to present serial, cross-sectional findings of LGBT Nigerians’ experience with the police. Available administrative reports and data were synthesized to produce a general picture of the situation on the ground. Findings point to actionable social and policy recommendations that can be taken to promote police accountability and improve police-LGBT community relations.
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Ekore, John Oselenbalu, and Thomas Attah. "Influence of Sex-Role Expectations on Perceived Work Performance Among Employees in Multinational Corporations in Nigeria." Journal of Social Sciences 14, no. 2 (March 2007): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2007.11978367.
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Nworgu, K. O. "Mass media and the premarital sexual behaviour of the adolescents in Imo State, Nigeria." Revista Brasileira de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade 7, no. 17 (2020): 1257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21438/rbgas(2020)071716.
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The authors set to investigate the influence of the Mass Media on adolescents' knowledge of and behavior towards sex and sexuality, especially, regarding early sex, the use of contraceptives and condoms. The participants were drawn from five secondary schools in Owerri Municipality, the Capital of Imo State, Nigeria. The simple size included 100 respondents made up of males and females between the ages of 10 and 19 years drawn from simple random sampling. Questionnaire containing semi-structured (close-ended) questions. Interview sessions involving media workers form select radio, television and newspaper houses in Owerri were conducted. Three research questions and one hypothesis were used to straighten the study. Results showed the respondents mean age for first sex is 17.8 years. The findings show that the media did not have very significant influence at 0.05 on adolescents' sexual behavior, especially, as regards, having first sex experience. This result is explained by the fact that most the respondents lived in boarding hostels and may not have access to media, while in school. It was recommended the influence of family members, including parents and peer groups should be given priority attention when adolescent sexual behavior is discussed, especially, in Nigeria where extended family members play a vital role in the socialization of the adolescents.
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Oshi, Daniel C., and Sarah Nakalema. "The role of teachers in sex education and the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria." Sex Education 5, no. 1 (February 2005): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1468181042000301911.
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Okafor, Uchenna O., Rik Crutzen, Egbe A. Awo, and Bart Van Den Borne. "Perspectives of Brothel Leaders and HIV Prevention Experts on the Role of Gatekeepers on Improving Condom Use by Female Sex Workers in Abuja, Nigeria." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 10 (September 17, 2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n10p183.
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A qualitative study using in-depth interviews explored the perceptions and views of brothel leaders and HIV program experts on the acceptability and adoptability of using gatekeepers in interventions aimed at improving Female Sex Workers’ (FSWs) condom use in Nigeria. Brothel leaders are an influential group within the FSWs’ social and physical environment and their attitudes, beliefs and actions can influence the immediate brothel environment and the adoption of interventions within the brothel. HIV prevention experts make key decisions on the content and strategies adopted for HIV prevention efforts and also influence the design and implementation of HIV prevention strategies within programs. Four themes illustrating the benefits and barriers of the inclusion of gatekeepers within the immediate environment of the FSW were identified. Results show that brothel leadership inclusion in HIV prevention efforts could exert potential positive influence on the immediate brothel environment. Brothel leaders can support the institution of establishment policies supporting consistent condom use by the FSWs, promotion of HIV awareness, resolution of conflicts and harassments, support to new entrants into sex work and the reinforcement of protective behaviors among the FSWs. The decriminalization of sex work and the inclusion of gatekeepers support into country HIV program guidelines may contribute to mitigating prevalent sociocultural factors limiting FSWs’ rights as well as their access to health services. The present study provides insights into the potential positive roles of brothel leaders in improving condom use and other HIV/AIDs related interventions for brothel based FSWs in Abuja, Nigeria from the perspective of brothel leaders and HIV prevention experts.
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Oladapo, Margaret M., and William R. Brieger. "Reproductive Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviour of Secondary School Students in Akure, Nigeria." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 16, no. 4 (January 1997): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/l85j-x8cj-jlw3-cg6u.
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Adolescents are subject to many life changes as their secondary sexual characteristics emerge. Contrary to parents' and society's wishes, these young people are more sexually active then previous generations and thus at greater risk of unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, and related problems. Adolescents enrolled in school have the potential opportunity to learn ways to prevent these reproductive and sexual health problems, but there is concern whether schools are living up to this challenge. Therefore, this study was designed to learn whether adolescents in secondary school in the Ondo State capital of Akure have reproductive health education and are practicing healthy sexual behaviors. The study was based on a sample of six of the twenty-eight secondary schools in Akure that fell under the jurisdiction of the Ondo State Post-Primary Schools' Management Board. Focus was placed on pupils in the final years of both Junior Secondary School (JSS 3) and Senior Secondary School (SSS 3). Overall, 30 percent of the young people reported having sexual intercourse: 21 percent of females and 38 percent of males. Also 39 percent in SSS 3 reported having had sex compared to 21 percent in JSS 3. Forty percent of students in coeducational school compared to 19 percent in boy's school and 8 percent in girl's school had sex. Respondents averaged only 11 points on a 33-point scale of reproductive health knowledge. Students in the senior classes and those in single sex schools scored higher. The mass media was stated to be the major source of reproductive health knowledge; only one-third reported that they had actually talked with someone about their reproductive health concerns. Attitudes toward pre-marital sex were more favorable among male students, pupils in mixed sex schools and those whose parents had lower levels of education. These findings suggest not only that the schools must take a more active role in providing reproductive health education, but that this should be done in the junior secondary years before most pupils become sexually active.
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F. M., Dr (Mrs ). Osalusi,, and Dr Alonge, R. A. "DEVELOPING GOOD MORAL SEXUAL BEHAVIOURS AMONG UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATES IN NIGERIA: THE ROLE OF RELIGION." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 2313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v11i1.5858.
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This paper examined the role of religion in the development of good moral sexual behaviours among University Undergraduates. In Nigeria, sex issues are considered as sacred and usually attached with a myth, however, observations have shown in recent times that these good virtues have been eroded among university undergraduates in Southwest, Nigeria. These category of students now exhibit unwholesome sexual behaviours such as lesbianism, homosexuality, adultery, indecent dressing, masturbation among others and this is considered a serious threat to national development. Therefore, to address this issue, a descriptive research of the survey type was adopted for the study while three hypotheses were tested.  The population consisted of all unmarried undergraduates in all the universities in the Southwest geo- political zone of Nigeria. A sample of 1581 respondents which was made up of 750 males and 831 female were selected employing multistage sampling procedure. A simple random sampling technique was used to select three states out of six states in the Southwest, Nigeria. Two universities each were selected through stratified random sampling from Federal, State and Private universities, while 265 students were also selected from each of the universities making a total of 1590. However, 9 students did not filled the questionnaire properly and were therefore rejected remaining 1581 as sample.    A self-designed questionnaire titled: ‘Good Moral Sexual Behaviours’ (GMSB) was used to collect data. The instrument is a 25-items four point- Liker type questionnaire. The findings revealed that religious inclination significantly influenced University undergraduates’ values and moral sexual behaviours. The study recommended among others that religious organisations should be encouraged to intensify their sermons on acceptable values in terms of moral sexual behaviours to members of their society. University authorities were also advised to come up with appropriate policies to curb the acts of indecent and seductive dressing patterns common among university undergraduates.
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Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Maha El Tantawi, Olakunle Oginni, Elizabeth Oziegbe, Boladale Mapayi, Olaniyi Arowolo, Abiola Adetokunbo Adeniyi, and Nadia A. Sam-Agudu. "Oral health practices and oral hygiene status as indicators of suicidal ideation among adolescents in Southwest Nigeria." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): e0247073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247073.
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Background Oral health is a less-recognized correlate of overall and mental wellbeing. This study aimed to assess the relationship between suicidal behavior (ideation and attempt) and oral health practices and status, and to determine the effect of sex on these associations among Nigerian adolescents. Methods Household survey data were collected from 10 to 19-year-old adolescents in southwestern Nigeria. Dependent variables were daily tooth brushing, daily consumption of refined carbohydrates between meals, and oral hygiene status (measured by plaque index). The independent variable was lifetime suicidal ideation/attempt, dichotomized into ‘yes’ and ‘never’. ‘Daily tooth brushing’ and ‘daily consumption of refined carbohydrates between meals’ were included in two separate logistic regression models, and ‘oral hygiene status’ was included in a linear regression model. The models were adjusted for sex, age, and socioeconomic status. The linear regression model was also adjusted for frequency of daily tooth-brushing and of consumption of refined carbohydrates between meals. Interactions between sex and suicidal ideation/suicide attempt in association with dependent variables were assessed. Significance was set at 5%. Results We recruited 1,472 participants with mean age (standard deviation) of 14.6 (2.6) years. The mean plaque index was 0.84 (0.56), and 66 (4.5%) adolescents reported ever having suicidal ideation/attempt. Suicidal ideation/attempt was associated with significantly lower likelihood of tooth brushing (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.91), higher likelihood of consuming refined carbohydrates between meals (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.29, 4.10), and having poor oral hygiene (B = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.32). Among males, suicidal ideation/attempt was associated with less likelihood of eating refined carbohydrates between meals (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.35, 2.61). Conversely, it was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of this outcome (OR = 4.85, 95% CI: 2.23, 10.55) among females. Conclusion The study findings suggest that poor tooth brushing habits and poor oral hygiene are indicators for risk of suicidal behavior for adolescents in Nigeria, while high sugar consumption may be an additional risk factor for adolescent females. These findings support the role of dental practitioners as members of healthcare teams responsible for screening, identifying and referring patients at risk for suicidal ideation/attempt.
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Ajuwon, Ademola J., Oladimeji Oladepo, Joshua D. Adeniyi, and William R. Brieger. "Sexual Practices That May Favor the Transmission of HIV in a Rural Community in Nigeria." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 14, no. 4 (January 1994): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pp0h-tc8g-xlta-7whj.
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The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) have been documented as a primarily urban phenomenon in Nigeria. The risk of spread to rural communities, where the largest portion of the population still lives, exists. This article presents a qualitative research study that was designed to explore sexual practices in a rural Nigerian community that held potential risk for introducing HIV into the community and for enabling HIV transmission should an infected person enters local sexual networks, in the small town of Ago-Are, Oyo State. Seven key informant interviews, in-depth interviews and observations with five commercial sex workers (CSWs), and focus group discussions (FGD) with married and single male and female residents were held. CSWs were found to be the most likely route whereby HIV could enter the community, both because of their own mobility, being resident in the community on average only nine months, and because of the mobility of their main clients, migrant farm laborers and commercial drivers. This did not preclude local patronage, which was more discrete. Another possible point of entry for HIV was through casual sexual relations during ceremonies, holidays and festivals, when towns' people working in the large urban centers came home. Within the community, extramarital sexual relations were posited as a likely route for spread within the community. The continued existence of a taboo against sexual intercourse while a mother is breastfeeding, frequent informal divorces and a tendency toward polygamy were identified by FGD members as factors that encourage extra-marital sex. The strong role that social and religious associations play in the community was identified as an ideal mechanism for health education to prevent HIV/AIDS.
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Rotimi, Emmanuel Abayomi, and Maryam Hassana Ati. "Use of discriminant analysis method to identify sex by morphological traits in adult rabbits in Nigeria." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 53, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2020-0018.
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AbstractSex assessment plays an important role in rabbit production, but it can be very difficult to determine, especially in the young ones. In this study, canonical discriminant analysis was used to determine which of the morphological traits are the most effective in sex determination in rabbits. Data were taken on 160 rabbits and used for this study on body weight (BWG), body length (BDL), ear length (EAL), heart girth (HTG), and abdominal circumference (ABC). The results from the univariate analysis show manifestation of sexual dimorphism with higher values observed in females for all the morphometric measurements. The canonical discriminant analysis revealed that ABC was the most significant morphological trait as a discriminating variable between the sexes in rabbits. The discriminant function, D = – 8.673 + 1.865 BWG + 0.013 BDL + 0.291 EAL – 0.318 HTG + 0.463 ABC, obtained correctly classified 72.5% of individuals of rabbits. In conclusion, the abdominal circumference of the rabbits in a population could be an important tool for the conservation and improvement of the rabbits’ population.
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Toyin (Mrs) PhD, ADEYEMI Florence. "Interaction Effect of Sex on Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Logotherapy in Reducing Risky Sexual Behaviours among School Adolescents." Journal of Psychology & Behavior Research 2, no. 2 (July 21, 2020): p19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jpbr.v2n2p19.
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This study investigated the interaction effect of sex on cognitive behaviour therapy and logotherapy on risky sexual behaviours among adolescents, in public secondary schools in Benin metropolis, Edo State, Nigeria. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design, using pre-test—post-test, non-equivalent control grous. The population of the study comprised of SS II students in the Thirty-one (31) mixed public senior secondary schools in Benin Metropolis. The sample of the study consisted of one hundred and thirty-five (135) Senior Secondary Two (SSII) students. The study adapted the “Adolescent Sex Behaviour Inventory’’ developed by Friedrich (2004). The instrument was validated while the reliability coefficient of 0.926 was established. The collected data were analysed, using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed that there is significant difference in the treatment interaction by sex in reducing risky sexual behaviours among school adolescents. Therefore, it was concluded that sex could play a role in the reduction of risky sexual behaviours among school adolescents. Based on the findings, it was recommended that school counsellors should encourage parents to give sex education early and discuss sex-related issues that are appropriate for their children in all stages to avoid the consequences of risky sexual behaviours.
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Onyencho, Victor Chidi, Sadique Kwajaffa Pindar, Abdu Wakawa Ibrahim, Anthony Ali Mshelia, Said Mohammed Jidda, and Linus Bagwai John. "PERSONAL FACTORS AS PREDICTORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS." Psychological Thought 13, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/psyct.v13i1.391.
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Displacement as a result of conflict or insurgency creates a permanent scar on the survivor with physical, psychological and social sequels; however personal factors play a significant role. Therefore, this study investigated personal factors as predictors of psychological distress among internally displaced persons in Maiduguri, Nigeria. In this cross-sectional study of survey type, the multi-stage sampling techniques were employed, and cluster sampling techniques were used to select two Internally Displaced Persons’ (IDPs) camps. Two hundred and one IDPs residing in the camps were selected using purposive sampling techniques. Their age ranged between 18 and 65 years (M = 37.2; SD = 1.6). The results of Multiple Regression analysis showed that personality traits and a demographic factor (sex) jointly predicted psychological distress among IDPs. The variables jointly accounted for 22% variation R2 = .215 on psychological distress. Regarding the individual contribution, neuroticism ß = .166; t = 2.34; p .05, conscientiousness ß = -.233; t = -3.36; p .05, openness to experience ß = -.169; t = -2.45; p .05 and sex ß = -.352; t = 5.17; p .05 made a significant prediction on IDPs psychological disturbances. The findings of this study revealed that the personal characteristics of an individual had a predictive influence on psychological distress among IDPs in Maiduguri, Nigeria.
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Adetoye, Ayoade Matthew. "Forestland-dependent households: a primary agent of deforestation in Nigeria?" Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 52, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2019-0003.
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Abstract Despite global concerns on environment particularly, issues on deforestation, there is a lack of quantitative information on deforestation drivers. The study investigates the role of farm households in deforestation process in Nigeria. Household survey data were obtained from 300 farm households with the aid of personally administered questionnaire through a multistage sampling technique. The data were used to answer a question on how farmers contribute to deforestation process in Nigeria. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Probit regression model. The results show that 64 % of the farmers gain access to cultivate already opened forestland through uncoordinated harvesting of forest trees while others still maintain sustainable forest land use practice – agroforestry. Sex (P < 0.05; β = 2.34), land security (P < 0.01; β = 2.94), personal preference for tree on farm land (P < 0.05; β = −2.45), and non-farm income (P < 0.05; β = 2.50) are factors influencing land use pattern among farm households. The study revealed that most farmers cultivate open forestland, but their continuous cultivation further enhanced forestland use change. The study concludes that rural farm households though one of the agents of forestland use change were found as opportunist and not mostly the primary agent initiating forestland use change in Nigeria. The study negates the conception of several past studies.
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Confalonieri, Emanuela, Cristina Giuliani, Alessandra Bongiana, and Paola Pavesi. "Storie di violenza in infanzia e adolescenza e prostituzione in etŕ adulta: quali legami?" MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL'INFANZIA, no. 2 (June 2009): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mal2009-002008.
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- The present study, related to the one published some years ago (Confalonieri et al., 2004), is an investigation on forced prostitution and the related violence's types in immigrant women involved in streetwalking prostitution. Using the social records available by the Ufficio Stranieri (Comune di Milano), the purpose is to identify the presence of 1) childhood maltreatments or violence before the entry in sex exploitation market and 2) subsequent adult sexual revictimization from partners, pimps and clients. Data were analysed using phenomenological descriptive analysis. The relationship between childhood maltreatment and abuse and subsequent involvement in sex work is discussed comparing data and life histories of immigrant prostitutes coming from Nigeria and East Europe. The role played by social and contexual variables in sexual exploitation story are also considered.Key words: immigration, violence, prostitution, infancy, adulthood.Parole chiave: immigrazione, violenza, prostituzione, infanzia, etŕ adulta.
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Amoran, O. E., M. O. Onadeko, and J. D. Adeniyi. "Parental Influence on Adolescent Sexual Initiation Practices in Ibadan, Nigeria." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 23, no. 1 (April 2003): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/u8vj-0ufe-hryu-j48l.
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This community-based study was carried out to determine parental role on adolescents' sexual initiation practice in Ibadan, Nigeria. A random sample of 274 adolescents was selected from the community. Information on socio-demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors were collected using a structured close-ended self-administered questionnaire. A total of 40.5% of the adolescents in the sample were sexually experienced. Early exposure to sex education by mothers was found to encourage early sexual initiation ( p < 0.001). Significantly more adolescents (43.2%) who sought sexual information from their peers were sexually experienced compared with 25.2%, 14.4%, and 17.1% of those who sought information from parents, teachers, and other sources such as media, religious centers, etc., respectively ( p = 0.004). Mothers were more involved in sexuality communication with these adolescents than fathers (40.9% vs. 16.8%). The higher the level of education of the parents, the less likely the adolescents were sexually initiated ( p = 0.004). Furthermore, polygamous family background and loss of one or more parents were found to be associated with early sexual initiation practice ( p = 0.008 and 0.009, respectively). The study shows an increased sexual initiation with parental illiteracy, polygamy, and parental deaths among adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Adebayo, Ayodeji M., Ezidinma J. Ajuonu, and Benson O. Betiku. "Family functionality and parental characteristics as determinants of sexual decision-making of in-school youths in a semi-urban area of Southwest Nigeria." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 28, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2015-0029.
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Abstract Background: Though research findings have indicated that family characteristics have a bearing on sexual behavior, there is a paucity of published literature on the role of family functionality and parental characteristics on adolescent sexual decision-making. This study was designed to assess the role of family function and parental influence on sexual behavior of in-school youths in secondary schools in a sub-urban area of Southwest Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among secondary school students using semi-structured interviewer-assisted questionnaire. Information was obtained on the sexual behavior and parent-child characteristics. Family functionality was assessed using family APGAR standardized instrument. Association was established using χ2-test for qualitative variables and t-test for quantitative variables at p=0.05. Results: Mean age of respondents was 14.8±2.2 years. Majority were from monogamous family setting (70.7%) and lived with their families (75.6%). About a quarter (26.8%) was from dysfunctional families and 9.2% had ever had sexual intercourse. Recent sexual engagement in the preceding 1 month was reported (47.4%). The mean score for parental monitoring, father-child communication, mother-child communication, and parental disapproval of sex were 10.4±2.2, 9.3±2.3, 9.8±2.4, and 10.4±2.3, respectively. There was a significant association between parental monitoring (t=3.9, p≤0.001), mother-child communication (t=3.03, p=0.003), and parental disapproval of sex (t=5, p≤0.001); and sexual experience. Conclusion: This study showed that parental influence had a vital role in the sexual behavior of young persons. Advocacy and health education interventions are needed among parents regarding their role in the sexual behavior of in-school youths.
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Williams, C. K. "HIV/AIDS pandemic (AP) in Africa: Chronicle of a missed opportunity." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e22235-e22235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e22235.
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e22235 Background: AP unlike HTLV-I associated diseases arrived late in parts of Africa, including Nigeria, where retroviral research was already ongoing in collaboration with the US National Cancer Institute (USNCI), thus providing unique preventive interventional opportunity. A World Health Organization sponsored study of the role of sexual behavior in retroviral transmission in Nigeria was performed 1985–86. Methods: Using an ELISA and an investigational Western blot (IWB) assay, a small survey of the seroprevalence rate (SPR%) of HTLV-I and HIV was conducted in 3 regions of the country among 5 population groups with differing sexual behaviors: normal blood donors (NBD), female commercial sex workers (FCSW), sexually transmitted diseases patients, and religious male/female celibates. 204 samples were re-tested with recombinant enhanced “Singapore” HIV-1/2 WB (SWB) in 1994, in view of earlier HIV-1 IWB negativity. All serological tests were done at USNCI. Results: HTLV-I SPR varied by region and lifestyle, highest in eastern region (ER) (p=0.0000095), FCSW of ER (p=0.0006), and frequency of male heterosexual activity (p=0.024). HIV-1 was undetectable by IWB, while SWB revealed 2/204 HIV-1+ for countrywide SPR: ∼1.0; Western NBD: 1/100 (1.0); Western/Northern NBD: 1/184 (0.54): non-high risk Nigerians: 2/237 (0.84); FCSW: 0/46; celibates: 0/71, adult general Nigerian population (AGNP): ∼0.5–1.0, and translating to (∼240–480)x103 HIV-1+ AGNP. Assuming 20 HIV-1+ = 1 case of AIDS death, SWB- determined SPR predicted (∼12–24)×103 AIDS deaths among 48×106 AGNP in 1985–86, ∼5 of (2.4- 4.8)×103 (<0.2%) of whom presented with clinical AIDS features (CAF) at Nigeria's premier health institution (NPHI). Conclusions: In 1985–86, when patients with CAF rarely presented at NPHI and HIV-1 SPR was ≤1.0 in AGNP and FCSW, Nigerian health authority was advised on AP risk, unlike Uganda where it arrived unanticipated. Reports of SPR of 7.7 and 60.0 in AGNP and FCSW in 1996–2000 contrast against contemporary Ugandan SPR (14.0 down to 6.1) and Senegalese (0.4 up to 0.9), probably resulting from varying knowledge gap and angst-related inertia, illustrating mixed fortunes of AP in Africa, transcontinental variation in AP control capability, and providing lessons for the management of future public health challenges. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Ogunyemi, Doyin, Oluwatoyin Theresa OGUNMEFUN, Esther 3. OLUWOLE, and Adeola Ekundayo. "Knowledge, attitude, and utilization of HIV counseling and testing by female sex workers in Lagos State, Nigeria." Babcock University Medical Journal (BUMJ) 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.38029/bumj.v3i2.45.
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Objectives: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic continues to expand among female sex workers (FSWs) who have limited access to and utilization of HIV counseling and testing services (HCT). HCT plays a pivotal role in increasing knowledge and awareness to prevent, treat, and control HIV/AIDS. The study objective was to determine the knowledge, attitude, utilization of HCT among brothel-based FSWs (BBFSWs). Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 300 BBFSWs in Lagos State. The respondents were recruited by snowballing after a multistage sampling method was used in the selection of the brothels. The data was collected using an adapted interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Majority (63.0%) of the respondents were between the ages of 21-30 years and 67.4% had good knowledge of HIV and HCT. About 75.0% had a positive attitude towards HCT and 55.6% of FSWs in this study had utilized an HCT center in the past. The main reason for not taking HIV test was the fear of a positive result (90.6%) while the main reasons given for not visiting any HCT center were lack of confidentiality (13.3%), stigmatization (14.8%), and distance to the HCT center (67.2%). Conclusion: There was a good knowledge of HCT and a positive attitude towards HCT services by the respondents. The main reasons for not taking the HIV test as indicated by respondents were fear of a positive result. HIV-stigma related issues should be adequately addressed.
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Nebechukwu, Diamond Preye, and Uche C. Isiugo-Abanihe. "actors Affecting Girl-Child Education among the Kambari of Niger State, Nigeria: A Sociological Perspective." Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 18, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 19–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/njsa/0202/81(0220).
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This study examined factors that adversely affect girl-child education among the Kambari. Marx Weber’s social action theory, patriarchy and sex role theories provided the theoretical framework. Empirical data were drawn from a household survey among 1,598 respondents, comprising a pair of adult males (385) and their sons (385) and adult females (414) and their daughters (414). A multi-staged sampling technic was employed to select sample units. Two structured questionnaires were employed for the household survey. Twelve case-studies of girl-children, fourteen in-depth interviews and fifteen FGDs were also conducted among different groups. The data were subjected to descriptive, logistic regression and content analyses. The burden of domestic work, unintended teenage pregnancy, poor academic performance, parental ignorance, child-betrothal and early marriage, son preference adversely affected the girl-child’s access to education. The logistic regression shows that the odds of exhibiting discriminatory practice towards girl-child education are about 6 times higher among adult males compared to the females, 4.2 times higher among participants with no formal education, 4 times higher among adherents of traditional religion and 3 times among Muslims. Further, respondents with rigid conception of gender role are more likely to exhibit discriminatory gender practices as well as those with negative childhood experience, those from homes where men dominate in decision-making and those from homes with non-valuation of women’s participation in decision-making. A holistic approach should be adopted at all levels of government, religious and traditional institutions to address the marginalization of Kambari girl-children in accessing formal education.
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Bitrus, I., H. I. Musa, I. U. Hambali, M. Konto, I. Shittu, and P. U. Balami. "Occurrence of haemoparasites in cattle slaughtered at Jalingo abattoir, north-eastern Nigeria." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 19, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v19i1.3.
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Livestock plays a significant role in the economy of a nation but its productivity can be hampered by numerous haemoparasites thereby leading to economic losses to the livestock industry. The prevalence of haemoparasite in cattle slaughtered at Jalingo abattoir was investigated. A total of four hundred blood samples were collected at the point of slaughter, processed, and screened for haemoparasites by examining Giemsa-stained thin blood smears. An overall prevalence of 12.25% was recorded. Four haemoparasites of cattle with prevalence rates of 5.0%, 6.75%, 0.25%, and 0.25% for Anaplasma, Babesia, Microfilaria and Trypanosoma respectively were observed. The prevalence of haemoparasite in relation to sex, revealed higher infection in females (13.75%) than in males (10.0%) which were not found statistically different (P > 0.05). All breeds encountered during the study were infected with haemoparasites with the highest prevalence of 13.91 % recorded in White Fulani, Red Bororo (10.94%), and Sokoto Gudali (10.00 %), while Adamawa Gudali had the least prevalence of 0.5%. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of haemoparasite in relation to breeds (P > 0.05). High prevalence was observed in the young (14.29%) more than the adult (11.59%) and older (12.14%). The current study has revealed the haemoparasites status in cattle slaughtered at Jalingo abattoir. Therefore, there is a need for effective preventive and control policy of these haemoparasites to enhance livestock productivity.
Keywords: Abattoir, cattle, haemoparasite, prevalence, slaughter
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Emejulu, A. C., F. F. Alabaronye, H. M. G. Ezenwaji, and F. C. Okafor. "Investigation into the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in the Agulu Lake area of Anambra State, Nigeria." Journal of Helminthology 68, no. 2 (June 1994): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00013638.
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AbstractIn epidemiological surveys for urinary schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium in communities around Agulu Lake, Anambra State, Nigeria, between 1990 and 1992, the infection was found to be endemic in the area, especially in three towns: Nri, Agulu, and Adazi Nnukwu. The prevalence rates varied between these communities and with the year. Inter-town prevalence rates ranged from 5.96% to 54.00%. Intravillage prevalence rates ranged between 5.50% to 96.43%. Prevalence rates were highest in villages very close to Agulu lake. There was no significant difference in prevalence between the schools. Host age, but not sex, was found to play a significant role in prevalence and intensity of infection. There was also a strong correlation between visible haematuria and egg count per 10 ml urine, but eggs could be isolated in urine samples of different shades of coloration. Analysis of incidence of infection in these communities shows that Schistosoma haematobium incidence is high in Nri (55.17%) and low at Adazi Nnukwu (5.26%). Both Bulinus globosus and B. truncatus were found in the lake and both shed mammalian bifid schistosome cercariae.
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Yeldu, Mohammed Haruna, Yakubu Ibrahim, Shehu Abubakar Akuyam, Isah Muhammad Danasabe, Buhari Shehu, Mohammed Danjuma, Miftahu Bello, and Usman Yahaya. "Oxidative stress biomarkers in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Gombe, North-eastern Nigeria." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, no. 6 (October 30, 2019): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v10i6.25593.
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Background: Oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). To our knowledge there is paucity of data on the status of oxidative stress biomarkers among PTB patients in Gombe, North-eastern Nigeria. Our study was designed to evaluate the oxidative stress biomarkers in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Gombe, North-eastern Nigeria.
Aims and Objectives: To determine the serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Gombe metropolis, North-eastern Nigeria and to assess the correlation between the oxidative stress biomarkers in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.
Materials and Methods: A cross sectional comparative study was conducted in a tertiary health care facility with 40 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients on anti-TB drugs treatment (ATT), 40 newly diagnosed PTB patients not yet on anti-TB drugs treatment (ATT-naïve) and 40 age- and sex-marched apparently healthy subjects (controls). Serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative stress index (OSI) determined using standard techniques. Data was analysed using INSTAT® (Graph Pad Software Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA).
Results: Serum levels of TOS, OSI, MDA and NO were significantly (p ˂ 0.001) increased in PTB patients (ATT and ATT-naïve) when compared with healthy individuals. Serum TAS and body mass index (BMI) were significantly (p ˂ 0.001) decreased in PTB patients when compared with healthy individuals. Serum TOS significantly correlated with serum OSI, MDA and NO in ATT-naïve PTB patients.
Conclusion: This study observed an increased oxidative stress biomarkers and decreased total antioxidant status in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients and those on treatment. Our findings suggest that antioxidants supplementation and improved nutrition in the management of pulmonary tuberculosis patients may go a long way in preventing the oxidative onslaught and further complications in PTB patients.
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ADEGBESAN, Olufemi Adegbola, and Isiaka Oludele OLADIPO. "Analysis of the Use of Exercise Imagery Functions by Exercisers in Nigeria." Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ajper.171876.
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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
It is a general position that imagery plays a cognitive behavioral role in enhancing the performance of sport skills as noted in Short and Short (2005), the use of imagery is also more equally significant in exercise activities and can bring to fruition the performance of an individual exerciser because of its unique motivational function. Research studies has been conducted examining imagery use by different categories of participants related to sport and exercise in the developed world, there have been dearth of literature on imagery use on similar participants in the developing countries, hence the purpose of this study. Participants (482) male and female students were recruited from universities of Nigeria (mean age 24.0 ±SD4.7; male, n=256) and (mean age 23.0±SD5.2, female, n=226). A demographic questionnaire and the Exercise Imagery Questionnaire (EIQ) Hausenblas et. al (1999) were used for data collection. Results indicated that no significant difference (p>0.5) was found on the three imagery functions by sex. But significant difference (p<0.5) was located on the appearance imagery function based on the criterion independent variables of three exercise activity groups of the exercise participants.
本研究旨在探討表象訓練對尼日利亞大學生運動行為的改變，共邀請了482名大學生進行比較分析，結果顯示沒有明顯的運動行為改變。
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M., Yale B., and Yeldu M. H. "Serum nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in a hypertensive population in Sokoto, Nigeria." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 3929. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20184885.
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Background: Hypertension is recognized as most common cardiovascular disorder and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Endothelial dysfunction, which is associated with impaired nitric oxide is an important risk factor for both hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. There is abnormal lipid peroxidation which suggested that oxidative stress is important in the pathogenesis of hypertension. This study assessed serum levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in hypertensive population in Sokoto-Nigeria.Methods: A total of 474 subjects who are within the age range of 25 to 76 years, including 316 hypertensive patients and 158 age- and sex- matched normotensive subjects were included in this study. Clinical and anthropometric parameters, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde were measured using standard techniques.Results: The result indicated that, mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly (p˂0.001) higher in hypertensive patients (166.00±1.39mmHg) than controls (124.97±0.95 mmHg) similarly the mean BMI was significantly (p˂0.001) higher in hypertensive patients (27.13±0.31 Kg/m2) than controls (23.54±0.12Kg/m2). Mean serum malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly (p˂0.001) higher in hypertensive patients (3.62±0.07µmol/L) as compared to controls (1.97±0.03µmol/L), while serum nitric oxide (NO) was significantly (p=0.009) lower among hypertensive patients (7.12±0.14µmol/L) than controls (15.26±0.15µmol/L).Conclusions: Hypertension is a complex disorder that is strongly associated with other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The aetiology of the association between impaired NO bioactivity, increase MDA and hypertension has not been fully elucidated. Further clarification of the role of impaired NO bioactivity and increased MDA level in hypertension could have important implications for the management of hypertension.
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Brieger, William R., Frederick O. Oshiname, and Ganiyu A. Oke. "The Role of Community Health Workers in the Management of Essential Drugs." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 15, no. 4 (January 1995): 379–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/4qm8-9e40-tjvq-y42m.
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The ability to provide essential drugs not only fulfills part of the primary health care (PHC) duties of the community health worker (CHW), but also helps legitimize the role of the CHW in the community. Essential drugs are often routed through relatively inefficient government structures before reaching the CHW, thus creating problems of regular supplies and timely distribution. Few examples are said to exist where CHWs take charge of essential drug programs to the fullest: planning, purchasing, and maintaining their own stocks. An association of CHWs in Were Nigeria has been doing just that since 1986–87. Self-assessment of this scheme was stimulated by several factors including rising wholesale prices and subsequent community member reluctance to pay for medicines. In addition, the local government had begun its own CHW training in line with national PHC guidelines and priorities. It became possible to examine the two systems side by side. The main variable used to determine system functioning was whether CHWs had replenished their village drug box stocks in the previous year. Among five factors tested, group (Were CHW association member or local government trainee) sex, age, residence (town or hamlet), and perceived willingness to pay by villagers, only group was shown to be significantly associated with stock replenishment purchases. Most (63%) of the independent Idere group had replenished their stocks compared to 35 percent of local government CHWs. Cultural factors such as elders' predisposition to provide free service to those in need were also identified. The Idere association used this information to suggest ways of improving supervision, support, and purchasing so as to strengthen their service to the community.
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Ikwuegbu, O. A., and D. Campbell. "The Role Of Minerals In The Growth And Viability Of Bunaji Cattle Raised Under Traditional Management In Central Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 19 (January 16, 2021): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v19i.2092.
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About 400 Bunaji cattle from 12 herds at three sites namely, Kurmin Biri, Madauchi and Ganawuri were used to study the productivity of cattle fed mineral supplements under village conditions. Two herds at each site were allocated at random to each treatment. Mineral blocks containing 11% P and local salt licks containing 96% NaCI which served as control were fed. Supplementation lasted three years. Mineral blocks were put out daily in the Kraals and taken in during rains and when the animals went grazing. Births and disposals were recorded. Animals were weighed monthly using portable barlo electronic scales. Animals grazed natural pasture and crop residues after harvest. Data were analysed using general linear models (GLM) procedure of SAS, Analysis were done for birth weights up to 18 months. Models used for analysis involved the fixed effects of location, herds nested within location, year and season of calving, parity, age of dam and sex of calf. The results showed that birth weights were significantly influenced by location (P<0.05), year of birth (P<0.05) and mineral supplementation (P<0.05). The birth weights were 22.4±0.53, 21.1± 0.42 and 18.2±0.40 kg in Ganawuri, Kurmin Biri and Madauchi respectively. Calves born in 1988 were significantly heavier than those born in 1989 and 1990 and weighed 21.1±0.47, 19.8±0.39 and 20.8±0.48 kg in 1988, 1989 and 1990 respectively. The mineral supplemented calves weighed 21.1±0.38 and 19.9±0.36 kg for phosphate and salt respectively. Using weight as a covariate, it was shown that the growth rate of P supplemented group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05) so that at 18 months the mineral group weighed 165 kg, an improvement of 22%. Calving interval was influenced by location (P<0.05), year of calving (P<0.01) but not significantly by treatment (P>0.05). Calving intervals were 530±62.9 and 503±54.8 days for mineral and salt respectively. Cumulative mortality percentage of calves to 9 and 12 months were not significantly affected by mineral supplementation (P>0.05). These were 11.1±5.00 and 13.4±5.31 and 17.4±5.06 and 24.0±5.43 for mineral and salt respectively. It is concluded that the provision of P-rich mineral blocks to agropastoral herds at strategic periods can improve the productivity of Bunaji cattle.
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Osazuwa, Oghomwen F., Rachel Okojie, and Frederick O. Akinbo. "Norovirus Infection among Children Under 5 Years of Age In Niger-Delta Zone, Nigeria." Pan African Journal of Life Sciences 3, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/pajols/9102/30(0120).
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Background: Norovirus is now recognized as a major cause of gastroenteritis among children worldwide. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Norovirus infection among children that are less than five years of age in Niger-Delta zone, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 263 subjects consisted of 163 children with diarrhea attending Paediat-ric clinics at the Central Hospital, Warri and Federal Medical Center, Yenagoa as well as 100 aged- and sex-matched healthy individuals that served as controls were recruited for this study. Demographic information was obtained through the aid of a well-structured questionnaires. Norovirus was detected by using a rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic assay kit (Biopanda reagents, Belfast, United Kingdom). Results: The overall prevalence of Norovirus infection was 15.3%. The prevalence of Norovirus infection was significantly higher in Delta State than in Bayelsa State (22.9 % vs. 6.7%; OR= 3.6615; 95% CI = 1.378, 9.725; P=0.0092). Children that are less than 5 years of age attending day care centers are greatly affected by Norovirus infection (P=0.0044). Also, poor hand hygiene practice was also a significant risk factor for Norovirus infection among study subjects (P=0.0036). Furthermore, secretors were found to have a 1 to 334 fold increased risk of acquiring Norovirus infection in Delta State than in Bayelsa State (OR=19.28, 95% C.I, 1.1102, 334.68, P=0.0422). Conclusion: The need for routine screening for Norovirus infection among children with diarrhea is advocated. Data from this study as well suggests that genetic and environmental factors play a role in Norovirus infection.
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Korubo, Kaladada I., Chijioke A. Nwauche, and Oseikhuemen A. Ejele. "Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia In Cancer Patients At a Tertiary Center In Southern Nigeria." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 4658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4658.4658.
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Background With the emergence of non-communicable diseases accounting for 63% of deaths globally in 2008, and about four-fifths of these deaths occurring in the low and middle income countries; Cancer has been identified as the second leading cause of death by the World Health Organization. Anemia is one of the commonest symptoms of cancer and very frequently causes the patient to seek for medical attention even before the cancer is diagnosed. Anemia contributes tremendously to the co-morbidity of cancer, and proper treatment of anemia improves quality of life. Autoimmune haemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by autoantibody production against red cell antigens, leading to their shortened survival. Autoimmunity and cancer are conditions associated with impaired cellular regulation. Immune dysregulation is believed to play a pathogenic role in the development of both autoimmunity and neoplasia. The objectives of this study are to provide baseline data on the prevalence of anemia in cancer in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria, to determine if AIHA plays a significant role in anemia of cancer, and ascertain the cancers in which AIHA occurs in our environment. Methods This was a case-control study conducted on patients with confirmed diagnoses of solid, soft-tissue and haematological malignancies. Controls were healthy age, sex matched subjects. Cases with, and without exposure to chemotherapy were analyzed as sub groups. Three hundred and seventy six (376) participants (188 cancer patients and 188 controls) were enrolled into the study. Complete blood count, reticulocyte count, peripheral blood film, direct antiglobulin test (DAT), indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) and bilirubin assays were done. The DAT was performed on fresh samples not more than 6 hours after collection using polyspecific antihuman globulin. Analysis was done using Microsoft Office Excel 2007® Results Anemia was found in 124 (66%) of the total cancer population, while only 5 (2.7%) participants had anemia in the control group. Anemia was found in 98 of 149 (65.8%) in the cancer group not yet exposed to chemotherapy, while 26 of 39 cases (66.7%) in the cancer group who had received chemotherapy had anemia. Three (1.6%) of the 188 cancer patients (all not exposed to chemotherapy) were found to have a positive DAT, of which two were strongly positive with features of hemolysis and therefore had AIHA. The 2 patients with AIHA had chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The third case of positive DAT had malignant teratoma and a weak DAT with no features of hemolysis. The 3 cases of positive DAT had positive IAT. AIHA was the aetiology of the anemia in 2 (2%) of the 98 cases with anemia in the group not yet exposed to chemotherapy. The group receiving chemotherapy had no positive DAT. There was no positive DAT in the control group, however there is no significant difference in the occurrence of AIHA in the cancer group from the controls (p= 0.08) Conclusion The data generated shows that anemia is common in patients with cancer as generally reported. The prevalence of anemia in the cancer group not yet exposed to chemotherapy and those on chemotherapy was about the same. Our data also suggests AIHA may play a role in the aetiology of anemia of cancer; however, patients with lymphoid malignancies are more predisposed. Our results show that a positive DAT may occur without hemolysis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Atuman, Y. J., C. A. Kudi, P. A. Abdu, O. O. Okubanjo, A. Abubakar, Y. Wungak, and H. G. Ularamu. "Seroprevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Infection in Some Wildlife and Cattle in Bauchi State, Nigeria." Veterinary Medicine International 2020 (March 18, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3642793.
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Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an important transboundary viral disease of both domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals characterized by high morbidity with devastating consequence on the livestock worldwide. Despite the endemic nature of FMD in Nigeria, little is known about the epidemiology of the disease at the wildlife-livestock interface level. To address this gap, blood samples were collected between 2013 and 2015 from some wildlife and cattle, respectively, within and around the Yankari Game Reserve and Sumu Wildlife Park in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Wild animals were immobilized using a combination of etorphine hydrochloride (M99® Krüger-Med South Africa) at 0.5–2 mg/kg and azaperone (Stresnil®, Janssen Pharmaceuticals (Pty.) Ltd., South Africa) at 0.1 mg/kg using a Dan-Inject® rifle (Dan-Inject APS, Sellerup Skovvej, Denmark) fitted with a 3 ml dart syringe and for reversal, naltrexone (Trexonil® Kruger-Med South Africa) at 1.5 mg IM was used, and cattle were restrained by the owners for blood collection. Harvested sera from blood were screened for presence of antibodies against the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) using the PrioCHECK® 3ABC NSP ELISA kit, and positive samples were serotyped using solid-phase competitive ELISA, (IZSLER Brescia, Italy). Out of the 353 sera collected from cattle and wildlife 197 (65.7%) and 13 (24.5%) (P<0.05), respectively, tested positive for antibodies to the highly conserved nonstructural 3ABC protein of FMDV by the FMDV-NS blocking ELISA. Classification of cattle into breed and sex showed that detectable antibodies to FMDV were higher (P<0.05) in White Fulani 157 (72.8%) than in Red Bororo 23 (39.7%) and Sokoto Gudali 17 (33.3%) breeds of cattle, whereas in females, detectable FMDV antibodies were higher (P<0.05) 150 (72.8%) than in males 47 (50.0%). In the wildlife species, antibodies to FMDV were detected in the waterbucks 2 (28.6%), elephant 1 (25.0%), wildebeests 4 (33.3%), and elands 6 (25.0%). Four serotypes of FMDV: O, A, SAT 1, and SAT 2 were detected from the 3ABC positive reactors in waterbucks, elephants, wildebeests, and elands. The results showed presence of antibodies to FMDV in some wildlife and cattle and suggested that wildlife could equally play an important role in the overall epidemiology of FMD in Nigeria. FMD surveillance system, control, and prevention program should be intensified in the study area.
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Nnachi, Oluomachi Charity, Robert Azu Nnachi, Chukwuemeka Okorie Eze, Ogah Emeka Onwe, Augustine Ejike Okoye, Omolade Augustina Awodu, Matilda Adesuwa Ojo, and Ugochukwu Uzodinma Nnadozie. "Assessment of Protein C Levels in Patients with Ischaemic Stroke in South-South Nigeria: A Study of Cases in University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 14 (December 12, 2019): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n14p106.
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Background/Objective: Protein C (PC) is a vitamin K – dependent coagulation inhibitor produced in the liver. Acting together with its cofactor, protein S (PS), activated PC inhibits activated factors V and VIII thus downregulating thrombin generation which may predispose to inappropriate clot formation. This study aimed to ascertain the role of protein C deficiency in the development of ischaemic stroke in order to establish its relevance in stroke management in our environment.
Materials and Methods: Sixty-five ischaemic stroke patients and controls matched for age and sex were recruited in the study, blood samples were taken for haematological indices, prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times (PT and APTT) and protein C. Functional and qualitative assessments of protein C were done by chromogenic and immunoassay methods respectively. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 18.
Results: A total of 130 subjects comprising 65 stroke subjects and 65 controls were recruited in the study. Mean age of the stroke group was 60.4±12.3yrs and the control is 59.0±14.1yrs. The mean difference in PC Ag level, PC Ag(%) and functional activity between the groups were not statistically significant (p<0.05). Total WBC count in the stroke subjects was significantly higher than the controls (p=0.001). The platelet count was also higher and haemoglobin concentrations lower in stroke patients though not statistically significant. The prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) in test and control groups are not significant.
Conclusion: This study showed that protein C may not play a significant role in the development of ischaemic stroke in our population.
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Ifeanyi, Eleagu, Greene, and Akonye, Enyioma Joseph. "Seaports Administration in Nigeria: A Study of Apapa Port Complex." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 17 (June 30, 2018): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n17p281.
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The administration of the seaports in Nigeria rests solely on the Nigeria Ports Authority (NPA). This means that, the Port Authority plays an important role in the economic and trade development of Nigeria. Nigeria Ports Authority operates under the supervision of the Federal Ministry of Transport with the responsibility of providing specific ports and harbour services for the country’s maritime industry. Presently, Nigerian Ports Authority controls eight (8) major ports excluding oil terminals with a cargo handling capacity of about 35 million tons per annum. However, this paper examined Nigeria ports authority in the effective and efficient port administration in Nigeria, using Apapa port complex as a case study. The paper also examined the role of port worker in achieving the Federal Government objectives in the establishment of sea ports in Nigeria. The paper equally looked at the developmental process of sea ports in Nigeria, as well as the reasons/need for the establishment of sea ports in Nigeria. The paper by extension looked at the setbacks faced by the Nigeria seaports in general and Apapa port in particular since its establishment. The general system theory was used as our theoretical framework of analysis. Based on the poor conditions and inadequate state of equipment at the port, the paper suggests that the Apapa port management in particular and the management of other sea ports in general should facilitate the procurement and maintenance of the functional equipment in the ports to enhance speedy cargo handling. In addition, more warehouses/storage facilities should be built to accommodate incoming and outgoing goods and services therein, among others.
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Lasebikan, Nwamaka N., Babatunde Ishola Omotowo, Omolade A. Lasebikan, Osewa Evaristus Oboh, Ndubuisi Jones Nwosu, and Israel Odutola Odetunde. "Management Outcomes of Maxilary Sinus Maligancies: A Fifteen Year Study at Radiotherapy Department in a Tertiary Health Facility in Ibadan, South-West, Nigeria." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 8 (June 5, 2017): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n8p119.
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INTRODUCTION: Maxillary sinus malignancies are rare worldwide. The disease usually presents at an advanced stage making its management challenging for all the medical personnel involved in its treatment. Because of its location deep within the maxilla and its proximity to critical surrounding structures, radiotherapy plays an integral role in sterilizing the area of malignant cells. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the management outcomes of maxillary sinus malignancies at the radiotherapy clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan.METHODS: A retrospective study of a total of 108 patients with histological diagnosis of maxillary sinus malignancies registered from January 1995 to December 2009 was done. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social science (SPSS) version 21, and statistical significance of association between variables was assessed using Chi-square test at p<0.05. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of UCH.RESULTS: A total of 108 patients with histologically confirmed maxillary antrum malignancies were seen over the study period. The mean age of the patients was 50.3±2.8years. The sex distribution showed 65(58.3%) males and 45(41.7%) females. Multimodality management was the primary mode of treatment. Histology and mode of treatment were found to be of prognostic significance. Only 6.4% of the patients had complete remission, while 14.8% and 50% had no remission and partial remission respectively.CONCLUSION: Majority of the patients had partial remission or no remission in our study despite the combination of surgery and radiotherapy.
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Mela Danjin, Henry O. Sawyerr, and Solomon O. Adewoye. "Association between malnutrition and some water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) factors among school children in Gombe State, Nigeria." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 5, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 055–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2021.5.1.0006.
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The state of the environment in which we live and certain hygienic practices we indulge in has been known to affect our nutritional status. This study was aimed at examining the association between malnutrition and some selected water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices among school children in Gombe State Nigeria. A cross sectional survey was conducted between March and June, 2019. A total of 745 pupils were selected from 12 public and 6 private schools across 6 LGAs in Gombe state, using multi-stage sampling technique. Anthropometric measurements of heights and weights of the study participants were done using standard instruments and procedures. Other relevant data (age, sex, some environmental variables etc) were collected using a structured template. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 21 and key variables were presented using descriptive statistics, while associations were tested using Chi square. Odd ratio (OR) was used to estimate risks of malnutrition among the subjects and p-value was set at 0.05. The pupils had a mean age of 9.96±2.26 years, 50.9% of whom were males the rest being females. Though 84.6% of them had toilets in their residences not all of them (98.6%) put them to use. A good proportion (79.1%) dispose their refuse by dumping and slightly more than half of them (51.7%) have access to pipe borne water. And though only two (method of refuse disposal and source of drinking water) out of the eight WASH variables studied were found to be associated with underweight (Composite indicator of malnutrition), all the eight variables were found to be associated with stunting (chronic malnutrition). Overall, 20.8% and 22.4% of the subjects were underweight and stunted, respectively. The foregoing raises a germane concern about the role of WASH in malnutrition among school children and the need for a comprehensive and sustainable school feeding programme in the state and country at large. There should also be an integration of a WASH component in all nutrition intervention programmes.
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Ogbe, Henry Ejotubu, and Deborah Voke Ojie. "Restructuring for Sustainable Democracy in Nigeria: The Role of Political Education and Information Communication Technology." UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 21, no. 3 (May 19, 2021): 196–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v21i3.11.
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The study examined the role of political education and Information Communication Technology (ICT) for sustainable democracy in Nigeria. The paper conceptualized political education and IC T for sustainable democracy. The paper adopted observation and secondary methods of data gathering. The paper argued that electoral violence and fraud that marred conducted elections in Nigeria was due to decades of military rule that militarized the psyche of most Nigerians, and lack of continuous political education to redirect the militarized mentality they do display in electoral process, to democratized mentality to sustain democracy in Nigeria. This is because the anti-democratic mentality of most Nigerians has created loopholes for politicians to manipulate the electoral process which portents a threat to democracy in Nigeria. The paper revealed that continuous political education through the use of ICT tools like social network sites will create political awareness that will enlighten Nigerians to deter them from electoral violence and fraud, and other related anti-democratic behaviour to bring about sustainable democracy in Nigeria. Therefore, the paper recommends among others, that the Nigerian government should liaise with advanced countries that have successfully built ICT in their democratic governance, to see areas where they can collaborate to ensure stable use of ICT facilities in Nigeria.
Keywords: Restructuring, Sustainable Democracy, Political Education, Information Communication Technology (ICT)
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Amonyeze, Chinenye, and Stella Okoye-Ugwu. "Prejudice Nation: Hypersexualization and Abuse in Jude Dibia’s Unbridled." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211032661.
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With the global #Metoo movement yet to arrive in Nigeria, Jude Dibia’s Unbridled reflects an emblematic moment for the underrepresented to occupy their stories and make their voices heard. The study analyzes patriarchy’s complicated relationship with the Nigerian girl child, significantly reviewing the inherent prejudices in patriarchy’s power hierarchies and how radical narratives explore taboo topics like incest and sexual violence. Contextualizing the concepts of hypersexualization and implicit bias to put in perspective how women, expected to be the gatekeepers of sex, are forced to navigate competing allegiances while remaining submissive and voiceless, the article probes the struggles of sexual victims and how hierarchies in a patriarchal society exacerbate their affliction through a culture of silence. Arguing that Dibia’s Unbridled confronts the narrative of silence in Nigerian fiction, the article explores ways the author empowers gender by challenging social values and traditional gender roles, underscoring gender dynamics and the problematic nature of prevalent bias against the feminine gender in Nigeria.
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Brems, Eva, and Charles Olufemi Adekoya. "Human Rights Enforcement by People Living in Poverty: Access to Justice in Nigeria." Journal of African Law 54, no. 2 (September 20, 2010): 258–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855310000070.
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AbstractThis article analyses the challenges facing those living in poverty in Nigeria in accessing justice for the enforcement of their rights, despite those rights being constitutionally protected and despite the existence of a specific procedure for their enforcement. People living in poverty are generally most likely to see their human rights violated, and least likely to enforce their rights. The article posits that the judiciary in developing countries has a crucial role to play in fighting human rights violations specifically affecting people living in poverty, and notes the great challenge for the Nigerian legislator and judiciary towards making justice accessible in practical terms to the needy in Nigeria. The example of public interest litigation in India can serve as a source of inspiration in this respect.
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Ndip, Tabi James, and Damian T. Akara. "Geo-Strategic and Historical Linkages as Major Factors for the Growth of Female Trans-border Trade Along the Mamfe-Ekok-Ikom Corridor between Cameroon and Nigeria, 1988– 2016." East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 2, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajis.2.1.173.
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In some parts of Africa, women have been conspicuous along trade routes and very active in trans-border commerce for many years. This phenomenon is not uncommon along the borders between Cameroon and its neighbours as was the case in the trans-border trade between Cameroon and Nigeria, especially along the Mamfe-Ekok-Ikom trajectory. It is rather unfortunate that some scholars tend to undermine the role of women along this route as they have erroneously stigmatised them as commercial sex workers (prostitutes) blaming it on the economic crisis that rocked the foundations of national and local economies in various parts of Africa. This study, however, sets out to examine the geo-historical dynamics that disposed women into trans-border trade in the said corridor. With the aid of primary and secondary sources and the use of qualitative analysis using the interdisciplinary approach, various conclusions denoted. The article underscores the view that the natural milieu and historical linkages of the Mamfe-Ekok-Ikom corridor predisposed women into trans-border trade given the proximity and socio-cultural ties of the border communities. The findings reveal that women involvement in trans-border trade within the Mamfe-Ekok-Ikom corridor was rather a natural integration into the historical process of human interactions in a definite geographical setting. The natural environment provided the material conditions for the increased involvement of women in trans-border trade in the area. It is hoped that this perspective shall debunk the stigma associated with misinterpretation of the presence of women in the said trajectory and to rather raise awareness of the women’s ability and legitimacy in exploiting the opportunities in trade along the area. It will, therefore, serve as an eye-opener to policymakers to rethink and to valorise women’s contribution in trans-border trade within the corridor.
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Okafor, Richard C. "Of Ditties, Needs and Amnesia–Music and Primary Education in Anambra State, Nigeria." British Journal of Music Education 6, no. 3 (November 1989): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265051700007245.
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This paper is an attempt to see whether lofty ideals of sound education are being achieved in primary education since music is a sine qua non. It defines primary school in Nigeria and the general objectives of primary education. It reflects on the type of education the Nigerian child received both in the traditional society and in the colonial era, and the methods used. What role did music play? Furthermore, it looks at the state of music now, and how things went wrong in the middle. It underscores the importance of music in the primary school curriculum and makes recommendations on improvement.
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Salihu, Mohammed N., Soliudeen A. Arojuraye, Ibrahim A. Alabi, Rilwanu Yunusa, and Mohammed S. Mazankwarai. "Traditional bone setting: an avoidable cause of major limb amputations." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 7, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20210613.
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<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the availability of modern health care services, patients in Nigeria still seek treatment by traditional bone setters. One of the major complications of this type of native fracture treatment is limb gangrene necessitating amputations. The objective of this study was to determine the role of traditional bone setting in major limb amputations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was carried out at a government orthopedic referral hospital. The study involved all patients who underwent major limb amputation between January 2015 and December 2019 in our center. Data were retrieved from medical records and operation registers. Information regarding age, sex, indications and levels of amputation and complications were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period; of the 297 major limb amputations performedd, 194 (65.3%) were due to traditional bone setting. The median age of the patients was 11.0 years (1 to 45 years) and the interquartile range was 10 years. Majority of the patients 86 (44.3%) affected were children less than 10 years of age. Male were more affected than female (M:F=1:2). Lower limb is more affected than the upper limb. The commonest amputation done was below knee amputation in 79 (40.7%) of cases. The commonest complication was surgical site infection which occurred in 32 (16.5%) patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Traditional bone setting is a leading cause of major limb loss especially in children.</p>
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Gunu Suleiman, Umar, and Umar Gunu. "Effect of income diversification on the financial performance of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria." Journal of Research in Emerging Markets 3, no. 1 (December 8, 2020): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30585/jrems.v3i1.569.
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Corporate diversification is a center of research in strategic management and finance. Many firms are experiencing a decline in their traditional activities' dues to environmental challenges, including competition, inadequate infrastructural facilities, and economic instability. The study examines the effect of income diversification on the financial performance of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Specifically, it determines the impact of product income segment diversification and non-product income segment diversification on quoted manufacturing firms' financial performance in Nigerian. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design using secondary data of 42 firms from the 63 quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria for 11 years (2007-2017) period. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is utilized for data analysis. The study found that both product income segment diversification and non-product income segment diversification significantly affect the financial performance (ROA and ROCE variables) of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study concluded that quoted manufacturing firms' financial performance in Nigeria is significantly affected by product income segment diversification and non-product income diversification. The study recommended that manufacturing firms should strategically diversified to increase their income generation in both the product segment and non-product segment to improve their financial performance.
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Musa, Sherifah Oshioke, and Marhanum Che Mohd Salleh. "PROPOSING A MODEL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURS’ CASH WAQF INTENTION." Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 4, no. 1 (August 28, 2018): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v4i1.764.
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This paper aims to propose a model of entrepreneurship development by focusing on the role of cash waqf intention as a mediator on the relationship of cash waqf awareness, religiosity, attitude towards act, subjective norms, perceived behavioral and entrepreneurship development. By enhancing the theory of planned behavior, a structured question was designed to survey 459 Nigerian entrepreneurs. SEM analysis was used to test the theoretical framework and to propose a model of entrepreneurship development in Nigeria by means of Waqf. Result shows that the most important variables to explain entrepreneurs’ cash waqf intention for business growth are cash waqf awareness and attitude towards cash waqf. It is argued in this research that the presence of high level of cash waqf awareness and the attitude towards cash waqf can play an important role in achieving business growth. The paper extends the applicability of the theory of planned behavior, cash waqf awareness and religiosity in investigating the effect of cash waqf intention for business development.
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Olatunji, Richard B., Ademola J. Adekanmi, and Ayotunde O. Ogunseyinde. "Intracranial Arterial Calcification in Black Africans with Acute Ischaemic Stroke." Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra 8, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000485195.
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Background: Intracranial arterial calcification (IAC), a recognized marker of atherosclerosis on cranial computed tomography (CT), is an independent risk factor for ischaemic stroke. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, distribution, severity, and associations of IAC in adults with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: Cranial CT images of 130 consecutive adults who presented with AIS were acquired on a 64-slice multi-detector Toshiba Aquilion scanner and evaluated for IAC in bone window on Vitrea® software using a semi-quantitative scoring method for extent, thickness, and length of calcifications in the large intracranial arteries. Associations of IAC with clinical and laboratory data were determined by statistical analysis at p < 0.05. Results: There were 71 males (54.6%), and the mean age of all patients was 63.0 ± 13.2 years. Hypertension was the most common risk factor (83.1%). IAC was found in 121 patients (93.1%), predominantly in the carotid siphon (86.1%) followed by the intracranial vertebral arteries (9.3%), middle cerebral arteries (2.4%), basilar artery (1.2%), and the anterior cerebral arteries (1%). The burden of IAC ranged from mild (17.4%) to moderate (52.1%) to severe (30.6%). Age (p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.037), and alcohol use (0.046) were significantly different among the patients with mild, moderate, and severe degrees of IAC. IAC was associated with age (p < 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.03), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.02), hyperlipidaemia (p = 0.04), and alcohol use (p < 0.001) but not with sex (p = 0.35). Conclusions: The burden of IAC is very high among native African patients with AIS and preferentially involves proximal inflow arteries. Therefore, the role of large vessel atherosclerosis in ischaemic stroke in native Africans should be explored in future multinational, multimodality studies.
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Pfeffer, K. "SEX-IDENTIFICATION AND SEX-TYPING IN SOME NIGERIAN CHILDREN'S DRAWINGS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1985.13.1.69.
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Sex-identification and sex-typing were examined in some Nigerian primary school children using Draw-A-Person. Subjects were from the Yoruba ethnic group. Sex-role differentiation in the Yoruba culture was outlined. The effects of sex and social class on sex-identification and sex-typing were examined. The results suggest that Yoruba girls are less likely to show own-sex identification than Yoruba boys (p<.001) and that this tendency is more marked for low-income than ‘elite’ girls (p<.01). Regarding sex-typing, marginal sex differences were observed though the number of drawings amenable for analysis was too small for meaningful statistical comparisons.
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Hicks, Joseph Paul, Matthew John Allsop, Godwin O. Akaba, Ramsey M. Yalma, Osasuyi Dirisu, Babasola Okusanya, Jamilu Tukur, et al. "Acceptability and Potential Effectiveness of eHealth Tools for Training Primary Health Workers From Nigeria at Scale: Mixed Methods, Uncontrolled Before-and-After Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): e24182. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24182.
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Background The in-service training of frontline health workers (FHWs) in primary health care facilities plays an important role in improving the standard of health care delivery. However, it is often expensive and requires FHWs to leave their posts in rural areas to attend courses in urban centers. This study reports the implementation of a digital health tool for providing video training (VTR) on maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) care to provide in-service training at scale without interrupting health services. The VTR intervention was supported by satellite communications technology and existing 3G mobile networks. Objective This study aims to determine the feasibility and acceptability of these digital health tools and their potential effectiveness in improving clinical knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to MNCH care. Methods A mixed methods design, including an uncontrolled pre- and postquantitative evaluation, was adopted. From October 2017 to May 2018, a VTR mobile intervention was delivered to FHWs in 3 states of Nigeria. We examined changes in workers’ knowledge and confidence in delivering MNCH services through a pre- and posttest survey. Stakeholders’ experiences with the intervention were explored through semistructured interviews that drew on the technology acceptance model to frame contextual factors that shaped the intervention’s acceptability and usability in the work environment. Results In total, 328 FHWs completed both pre- and posttests. FHWs achieved a mean pretest score of 51% (95% CI 48%-54%) and mean posttest score of 69% (95% CI 66%-72%), reflecting, after adjusting for key covariates, a mean increase between the pre- and posttest of 17 percentage points (95% CI 15-19; P<.001). Variation was identified in pre- and posttest scores by the sex and location of participants alongside topic-specific areas where scores were lowest. Stakeholder interviews suggested a wide acceptance of VTR Mobile (delivered via digital technology) as an important tool for enhancing the quality of training, reinforcing knowledge, and improving health outcomes. Conclusions This study found that VTR supported through a digital technology approach is a feasible and acceptable approach for supporting improvements in clinical knowledge, attitudes, and reported practices in MNCH. The determinants of technology acceptance included ease of use, perceived usefulness, access to technology and training contents, and the cost-effectiveness of VTR, whereas barriers to the adoption of VTR were poor electricity supply, poor internet connection, and FHWs’ workload. The evaluation also identified the mechanisms of the impact of delivering VTR Mobile at scale on the micro (individual), meso (organizational), and macro (policy) levels of the health system. Future research is required to explore the translation of this digital health approach for the VTR of FHWs and its impact across low-resource settings to ameliorate the financial and time costs of training and support high-quality MNCH care delivery. Trial Registration ISRCTN Registry 32105372; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN32105372
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Abu Bakar (Yobe State University, Damaturu), Adam, and Ibrahim Muhammad Baba (Yobe State University, Damaturu). "Sukuk and Nation Building: An Overview of the Development and Impact of Sukuk Financing in Nigeria." IKONOMIKA 5, no. 1 (August 8, 2020): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/febi.v5i2.6842.
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AbstractAccording to Islamic Financial Service Board (IFSB), Sukuk are certificates that represent the holders’ proportionate ownership in an undivided part of underlying asset where the holder assumes all right and obligations to such asset. The emergence of Sukuk in Islamic capital markets is a significant development that provides alternative funding avenue for corporate entities, government and financial institutions. Despite the tremendous growth of Sukuk finance globally, the phenomenon is relatively new in Nigeria, though the regulator, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has issued guidelines for the operation and placing of Sukuk in the country, apart from Osun State Government that has listed its Sukuk and the recent FGN Sukuk issuance, evidence shows that, none within the corporate and financial bodies had listed any Sukuk in Nigeria. It is against this backdrop that this paper aims at assessing the role of Sukuk financing in nation building with special reference to the recent Sukuk issuance by the Federal Government for the rehabilitation of Federal roads across the six geo-political zones of the Country. The researchers adopted analytical and descriptive approaches in this study. The main findings of the paper have shown that despite the novelty of Sukuk finance to Nigerian context, it has incalculable impact on nation building. It also revealed that Ṣukūk have many economic benefits and potentialities to Nigerian economy in terms of economic growth, financial inclusion, diversification, Liquidity Control and infrastructural financing, among others.
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Pulka, Buba Musa, Azahari Ramli, and Armanurah Mohamad. "Entrepreneurial competencies, entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial network, government business support and SMEs performance. The moderating role of the external environment." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 28, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 586–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-12-2018-0390.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the moderating influence of the external environment on the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies, entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial network, government business support and SMEs performance. The objectives of the study are achieved using the resource-based view and dynamic capability theory.Design/methodology/approachThe survey method of research was used by personally administering questionnaires to the respondents. Multistage sampling techniques are used in selecting 470 SMEs owners/managers that participated in the survey. SPSS 24 and PLS-SEM 3.0 were used in the analysis of the data.FindingsIn the Nigerian context, the findings indicated that EC, EO and GBS directly influence the SMEs performance. Surprisingly, SMEs performance is not influenced by EN. Similarly, EE significantly moderated the relationship between EC, GBS and SMEs performance. On the contrary, EE does not have any moderating influence on the relationship between EO, EN and SMEs performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to northeastern Nigeria. The study is limited to the EC, EO, EN GBS EE and SMEs performance and the use of cross-sectional data. The findings imply that SMEs owners/managers need a high level of entrepreneurial competencies and government business support to achieve a better performance especially in an external environment that is characterised by dynamism, diversity, complexity and hostility. Hence, providing support for both RBV and DCT.Practical implicationsThus, the study offers additional empirical evidence from Nigeria and also expands knowledge and understanding in this field. The findings offer owners/managers, government agencies, financial institutions and other stakeholders of SMEs strategies EC, EO, GBS and EE to achieve a better SMEs performance.Originality/valueThe conceptual framework of the study is unique, and the study was conducted in northeastern Nigeria which is grossly underrepresented in the literature. It also provided understanding on the moderating influence of EE on the framework.
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Apuke, Oberiri Destiny, and Bahiyah Omar. "Television News Coverage of COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria: Missed Opportunities to Promote Health Due to Ownership and Politics." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211032675.
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This study examined Television news coverage of COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria from February 2020 to July 2020. The focus was on African Independent Television (AIT), a privately owned TV, and Nigerian Television Authority (NTA), a government-owned TV. We also interviewed ( n = 30) participants to understand their view on media coverage of the pandemic. We found that the TV stations paid adequate attention to the issues of COVID-19. However, the private media allocated more prominence to the coverage of COVID-19. By implication, the private media had more COVID-19 stories telecasted on its headline which also appeared as the first headline in many cases. Furthermore, they had more stories that were aired 61 seconds and above. The findings also showed that the government media outlet cited more of government officials while the private media dueled more on the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC). The private media had more negative tone stories, and most of its stories used visual and motion footages. Overall, our findings suggest that media ownership and politics play a large role in the coverage of COVID-19 in Nigeria. This has affected the attitude of the public as many of them no longer see the pandemic as something serious, but rather politically motivated virus to highlight the failings of the political party in power.