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Journal articles on the topic 'Sex role Social role Mexico'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Rissel, Dorothy A. "Sex, attitudes, and the assibilation of /r/ among young people in San Luis Potosí, Mexico." Language Variation and Change 1, no. 3 (October 1989): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000181.

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ABSTRACTThis article analyzes the assibilation of /r/ among young people in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, in light of previous research on women's speech in language change. It is demonstrated that assibilation, an innovation known to have first appeared in the speech of women of the middle and upper social echelons, is closely associated with sex, sociocultural level, and attitude toward traditional male and female roles. These attitudes are suggested as a factor that plays an important role in the dynamics of the change, showing opposite effects among young men and women. That is, young men with traditional attitudes assibilate least, whereas young women with traditional attitudes assibilate most frequently. Parallels between this study and one of a similar innovation in Argentinian Spanish suggest a generalized pattern of change in which variables introduced by women of the middle and upper social echelons become markers of gender display in the lower classes, where they grow to be favored by women and avoided by men. The discovery of the role of attitude toward traditional sex roles in this pattern of change is unique to the present study.

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Lara-Cantu, M. Asuncion, and Roberto Navarro-Arias. "Self-Descriptions of Mexican College Students in Response to the Bem Sex Role Inventory and Other Sex Role Items." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 18, no. 3 (September 1987): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002187018003004.

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Beer, Caroline, and Victor D. Cruz-Aceves. "Extending Rights to Marginalized Minorities: Same-Sex Relationship Recognition in Mexico and the United States." State Politics & Policy Quarterly 18, no. 1 (January 17, 2018): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532440017751421.

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What explains the extension of greater rights to traditionally marginalized minorities? This article compares the extension of legal equality to lebian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in Mexico and the United States with a focus on the legal recognition of same-sex relationships. A national-level comparison of gay rights in Mexico and the United States presents a theoretical puzzle: most theories predict that the United States would have more egalitarian policies than Mexico, but in fact, Mexico has provided greater legal equality for LGBT people for a longer time than the United States. A subnational analysis of equal relationship rights in the United States and Mexico provides evidence to support social movement and partisan theories of minority rights. We find that religion plays a different role in Mexico than in the United States. The different findings at the national and subnational levels suggest the importance of subnational comparative analysis in heterogeneous federal systems.

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McVicker, Donald. "FIGURINES ARE US? THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF JAINA ISLAND, CAMPECHE, MEXICO." Ancient Mesoamerica 23, no. 2 (2012): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536112000168.

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AbstractDespite the recognition by many scholars of the high esthetic value of Jaina-style figurines, they present a number of analytic problems. Their functions remain obscure, and their role in Late Classic period Maya society has not been adequately examined. Throughout southeastern Mesoamerica, with few exceptions, all figurines and fragments are found in domestic contexts, mostly trash heaps; on Jaina, most examples come from graves. This article addresses the question of Jaina exceptionalism. It places its unique features in the broader context of Terminal Classic political and economic developments that were sweeping across the northern Maya Lowlands. Here I argue that the use of figurines in domestic rituals determined their appropriateness for placement in a particular grave, rather than the age, sex, or occupation of the deceased.

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Zhang, Yang, Juanita Trusty, Tatiana Goroshnikova, Louise Kelly, Kwok K. Kwong, Stephen J. J. McGuire, Juan Perusquia, Veena P. Prabhu, Minghao Shen, and Robert Tang. "Millennial social entrepreneurial intent and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy: a comparative entrepreneurship study." Social Enterprise Journal 17, no. 1 (February 11, 2021): 20–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-07-2020-0054.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to propose and test predictors of millennials’ social entrepreneurial intent (SEI), mediating mechanisms and influential contextual factors. Design/methodology/approach This study includes survey data from 1,890 respondents, 315 each from China, Mexico, Nigeria, Philippines, Russia and the USA. Findings Empirical results show that social entrepreneurial self-efficacy (SESE) mediated the relationship between perseverance and proactive personality and the dependent variable SEI in all six countries. Life satisfaction positively moderated this relationship among US students and negatively moderated it among Chinese students. In China dissatisfaction appears to enhance SEI, while in the US satisfaction appears to do so. Originality/value This paper identifies the mediating role of SESE and the moderating role of life satisfaction when explaining SEI, as well as providing data from millennials in six countries.

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Oldenburg, Catherine E., Katie B. Biello, Amaya G. Perez-Brumer, Joshua Rosenberger, David S. Novak, Kenneth H. Mayer, and Matthew J. Mimiaga. "HIV testing practices and the potential role of HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men in Mexico." International Journal of STD & AIDS 28, no. 3 (July 11, 2016): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462416641556.

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The objective of this study was to characterize HIV testing practices among men who have sex with men in Mexico and intention to use HIV self-testing. In 2012, members of one of the largest social/sexual networking websites for men who have sex with men in Latin America completed an anonymous online survey. This analysis was restricted to HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men residing in Mexico. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit to assess factors associated with HIV testing and intention to use a HIV self-test. Of 4537 respondents, 70.9% reported ever having a HIV test, of whom 75.5% reported testing at least yearly. The majority (94.3%) indicated that they would use a HIV home self-test if it were available. Participants identifying as bisexual less often reported ever HIV testing compared to those identifying as gay/homosexual (adjusted odds ratio = 0.52, 95% confidence interval: 0.44–0.62). Having a physical exam in the past year was associated with increased ever HIV testing (adjusted odds ratio = 4.35, 95% confidence interval: 3.73–5.07), but associated with decreased interest in HIV self-testing (adjusted odds ratio = 0.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.48–0.89). The high intention to use HIV home self-testing supports the use of this method as an acceptable alternative to clinic- or hospital-based HIV testing.

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Wagner, Karla D., Jennifer L. Syvertsen, Silvia R. Verdugo, Jose Luis Molina, and Steffanie A. Strathdee. "A Mixed Methods Study of the Social Support Networks of Female Sex Workers and Their Primary Noncommercial Male Partners in Tijuana, Mexico." Journal of Mixed Methods Research 12, no. 4 (January 29, 2017): 437–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558689816688974.

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Female sex workers (FSWs) are at risk for multiple health harms, including HIV. This article describes a mixed methods study of the social support networks of 19 FSWs and their primary male sex partners in Tijuana, Mexico. We collected quantitative and qualitative social network data, including quantitative network measures, qualitative narratives, and network visualizations. Methodologically, we illustrate how a convergent mixed methods approach to studying personal social support networks of FSWs can yield a more holistic understanding of network composition and role. From a health-related perspective, we show how migration/deportation and stigma shape social networks and might be leveraged to support HIV prevention interventions. We believe others can benefit from a mixed methods approach to studying social networks.

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Valentine, Sean, and Gordon Mosley. "Acculturation and Sex-Role Attitudes among Mexican Americans: A Longitudinal Analysis." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 22, no. 1 (February 2000): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986300221006.

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9

Yaworsky, William R. "At the Whim of the State: Neoliberalism and Nongovernmental Organizations in Guerrero, Mexico." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 21, no. 2 (2005): 403–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/msem.2005.21.2.403.

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This paper examines the relationship between the Secretaría de Desarrollo Social (SEDESOL) and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the Chilapa region of Guerrero, Mexico. I argue that the Mexican state via SEDESOL has effectively harnessed NGOs to perform as regional pillars of neoliberal reform initiatives. The intimacy of this relationship raises serious questions for those who see NGOs performing as vehicles for furthering local or regional "autonomy." Instead, I argue that regional NGOs are key role players in the deepening incorporation of communities into the global industrial economy. Este artículo examina las relaciones entre la Secretaría de Desarrollo Social (SEDESOL) y las organizaciones no-gubernamentales (ONGs) en la región de Chilapa, Guerrero, en México. A lo largo del texto, demuestro que el Estado Mexicano y SEDESOL utilizan ONGs para que éstas funcionen como pilares del programa neoliberal en la región. Esto contradice la función de las ONGs como instancias que permiten a las comunidades rurales obtener más autonomía. En los hechos, empero, y según lo sostengo, las ONGs de la región fundan bases importantes de la economía capitalista global.

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Assaf, Ryan D., Kelika A. Konda, Thiago S. Torres, E. Hamid Vega-Ramirez, Oliver A. Elorreaga, Dulce Diaz-Sosa, Steven D. Diaz, et al. "Are men who have sex with men at higher risk for HIV in Latin America more aware of PrEP?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): e0255557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255557.

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Introduction PrEP awareness in Latin America has been poorly characterized, with studies in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru highlighting awareness of 65% among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM). We assessed the association between higher risk of HIV infection, indicative of PrEP eligibility, and PrEP awareness among MSM from these countries. Methods This was a secondary analysis of a web-based survey advertised on social media platforms from March-June 2018 in Brazil, Mexico and Peru. Eligible individuals were cisgender MSM, ≥18 years old, HIV negative or of unknown status, who lived in these countries, and provided informed consent. Higher risk of HIV infection was defined as having 10 or more points in the HIV Risk Index for MSM (HIRI-MSM). We used multivariable Poisson regression models to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) testing the association between higher risk for HIV and PrEP awareness. Results After exclusions, 19,457 MSM were included in this analysis. In Brazil, 53.8% were classified as higher risk for HIV, 51.9% in Mexico, and 54.2% in Peru. Higher risk for HIV was minimally associated with PrEP awareness among those in Brazil (aPR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01, 1.06), but no such association was observed in Mexico or Peru. Having more than a high school education, high income, daily use of geosocial networking (GSN) applications, and substance use were associated with PrEP awareness. Conclusion Higher risk of HIV infection was associated with increased PrEP awareness in Brazil. However, this association was weak indicating that PrEP awareness could be strengthened with further prevention efforts. In the remaining countries, results were non-conclusive between risk and awareness. Interventions to increase PrEP awareness are paramount to increase PrEP willingness and uptake and in turn prevent new HIV infections. Social media platforms could play an important role to achieve this goal.

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Pitpitan, Eileen V., Karla D. Wagner, David Goodman-Meza, Shirley J. Semple, Claudia Chavarin, Steffanie A. Strathdee, and Thomas L. Patterson. "Context Matters: The Moderating Role of Bar Context in the Association Between Substance Use During Sex and Condom Use Among Male Clients of Female Sex Workers in Tijuana, Mexico." AIDS and Behavior 17, no. 8 (May 3, 2013): 2577–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-013-0491-3.

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Jain, Jennifer P., Steffanie A. Strathdee, Thomas L. Patterson, Shirley J. Semple, Alicia Harvey-Vera, Carlos Magis-Rodríguez, Gustavo Martinez, and Heather A. Pines. "Perceived barriers to pre-exposure prophylaxis use and the role of syndemic factors among female sex workers in the Mexico-United States border region: a latent class analysis." AIDS Care 32, no. 5 (June 4, 2019): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2019.1626338.

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Reyes Ruíz, María Teresa, and Mayra Rodríguez Hernández. "Desarrollo humano, educación sexual y embarazo en la adolescencia." Revista CoPaLa, Construyendo Paz Latinoamericana mero 8, julio-diciembre 2019 (July 1, 2019): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35600/25008870.2019.8.0132.

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Resumen El incremento de embarazos en la adolescencia en México, según cifras oficiales, permite emprender un análisis del papel que juega la educación sexual durante la adolescencia. Así como, conocer qué consecuencias a nivel social, económico, psicológico, emocional y familiar enfrentan las adolescentes embarazadas. La presente investigación pretende abordar el embarazo en la adolescencia a partir de un cuestionario para acércanos a la realidad que viven las adolescentes embarazadas de los Municipios de Atenco, Ecatepec y Texcoco, del Estado de México. La comprensión de esta problemática de salud pública, el acercamiento con sus principales sujetos y la reflexión sobre el papel que tiene el establecimiento de políticas públicas y estrategias eficaces que logren atender el embarazo en la adolescencia como principales objetivos, para contar con un panorama desde una perspectiva cualitativa, que permita plantear acciones preventivas y no remediales ante las circunstancias que enfrentan las y los jóvenes. Palabras clave: Desarrollo humano, educación sexual, embarazo adolescente. Abstract The increase in adolescent pregnancies in Mexico, according to official figures, allows us to undertake an analysis of the role played by sex education during adolescence. As well as, knowing what consequences at a social, economic, psychological, emotional and family level pregnant teenagers face. The present investigation intends to approach adolescent pregnancy from a questionnaire for acercanos to the reality that live pregnant teenagers of the Municipalities of Atenco, Ecatepec and Texcoco, of the State of Mexico.The understanding of this public health problem, the approach with its main subjects and the reflection on the role that the establishment of public policies and effective strategies that manage adolescent pregnancy have as main objectives, to have a panorama from a qualitative perspective, which allows to propose preventive and non-remedial actions in the face of the circumstances that young people face.. Keyworks: Human development, sex education, adolescent pregnancy

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Avina-Vazquez, Carlos Rafael, and Shahzad Uddin. "Social capital, networks and interlocked independent directors: a Mexican case." Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies 6, no. 3 (August 8, 2016): 291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaee-03-2015-0020.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether a pattern of interlocking directorates is emerging following reforms in Mexican corporations, and who, if any, are the powerful actors in this network. Drawing on the Bourdieusian notion of social capital, the paper also analyses theoretically the interlocking directorates, networks and powerful actors, and their influences on and potential implications for corporate governance mechanisms. Design/methodology/approach – The data used in the study consisted of 1,442 internal and external board members of the population of 126 Mexican corporations trading on the Mexican Stock Market as of January 2011. Use of social network analysis (SNA) demonstrates individuals’ links with corporations and allows the production of spatial maps to visualise the network structure of interlocking boards. Findings – Using the measures of SNA developed by Freeman (1979 and Bonacich (1972), the authors identify the most powerful and influential directors in the network structure of board members in Mexico. Board members with the greatest number of connections occupy central positions in the network. The authors also find a catalogue of corporate governance scandals. The inclusion of independent directors seems to have had no influence in ensuring better corporate governance. Research limitations/implications – Mapping out the directors’ links might offer excellent opportunities for policy makers to see how many companies a single director represents, how they share boards, and the implications for minority shareholders of sharing boards, and to understand the workloads of directors in carrying out the monitoring tasks expected of them. Originality/value – This paper makes an important contribution by employing SNA to illustrate interlocking directorates and the positions of powerful and influential actors. Examining networks of directors from a “social capital” point of view also provides an understanding of why the role of independent directors remains toothless in family-dominated corporations.

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Van Belle, Sarie, Alejandro Estrada, and Anthony Di Fiore. "Kin-biased spatial associations and social interactions in male and female black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra)." Behaviour 151, no. 14 (2014): 2029–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003229.

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Kinship has been shown to play a crucial role in shaping the social structure of animal societies. We examined the genetic relationships of adult and sub-adult males () and females () from five social groups of black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) at Palenque National Park, Mexico, by genotyping each individual at 21 microsatellite markers. These findings were related to patterns of intragroup spatial associations and affiliative and agonistic interactions recorded over a 28-month period of behavioural observation in the field. We demonstrate that the social structure of this black howler monkey population is dominated by strong social relationships and high degrees of genetic relatedness among females. Female kin had stronger relationships because they were less aggressive to each other than female non-kin. Nevertheless, females resident in the same social group frequently spent time close to one another and affiliated with each other regardless of kinship. Relationships among males from the same social group were based on avoidance and tolerance, as males rarely interacted either affiliatively or agonistically and spent limited time close to one another. Nonetheless, kinship was a significant predictor of agonistic interactions among males, with unrelated or distantly related males engaging in agonism at higher rates than close male kin. Adult males and females rarely co-resided with adult kin from the opposite sex, and they affiliated and spatially associated at rates intermediary to those among females and those among males.

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FIEDER, MARTIN, SUSANNE HUBER, and FRED L. BOOKSTEIN. "SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, MARITAL STATUS AND CHILDLESSNESS IN MEN AND WOMEN: AN ANALYSIS OF CENSUS DATA FROM SIX COUNTRIES." Journal of Biosocial Science 43, no. 5 (May 11, 2011): 619–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193201100023x.

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SummaryThis study compares the effects of two distinct forms of human capital – income and education – on marital status and childlessness separately by sex in six different countries. Nearly 10 million individual records on individuals aged 16 to 50 were used from censuses from Brazil, Mexico, Panama, South Africa, USA and Venezuela dating from 2000 or later, to analyse the relationship between education, income and marital status and childlessness in men and women. Regarding income, the findings for both outcome variables are strongly consistent across all six countries. Highest-income males and lower-income females have the highest proportion of ever-married and the lowest proportion of childlessness (using a proxy for childlessness: own children in the household or not). There is no corresponding consistency of findings as regards education either between the sexes or among the countries. To conclude, a lower percentage of low-income men are selected by females, because for women male status and resources provided by men are important criteria in mate selection. Therefore a higher proportion of low-income men remain unmarried and childless. Thus selection seems to play a role in modern societies.

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Quintana, María Olga, Claudia Figueroa Ibarra, Julio Alfredo García Puga, Vivian Vílchez Barboza, and Katia Lorena Sáez Carrillo. "Calidad de vida relacionada con salud de empleados de una universidad pública." Revista Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud UDES 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20320/rfcsudes.v3i1.105.

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Introduction: Health-related quality of life is the level of perception that people having of their subjective well-being, considering their health, with measures of physical and mental well-being. Aim: to determine the level of health-related quality of life of employees of a public university of Hermosillo, Mexico. Methodology: quantitative study, transversal and comparative. The sample consisted of 62 participants. Data collection instrument: Questionnaire of biosociodemographic variables and work, and SF 36. The IBM SPSS version 22 was used for the statistical analysis. The U Mann-Whitney test was used to compare two groups, and Spearman correlation was utilized to explore correlations between variables. The significance level admitted was 0.05. We had the support of the University Ethics Committee and an informed consent was elaborated. Results: 51.6% were men, mean age and age were 45.5 (SD = 10.3) and 17.2 (SD = 9.4) respectively, 40.3% perform administrative activities, 75.8% consumed tobacco. The dimension physical role was the best evaluated with an average of 96.8 (SD = 17.8) and general health was the one that had the lowest average with 73.4 (SD = 14.2), tobacco consumption and physical role are related (p = 0.0210), physical function (p = 0.0261) and social function (p = 0.0466) showed differences by sex. Conclusion: most of the dimensions of the health-related quality of life of employees are within the parameters of normality. However, the need for an intervention from the employees’ health services is evident, here the health team may contribute to increasing aspects of occupational health.

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Ortiz-Ortega, Adriana. "Elementos y obstáculos a tomar en cuenta en la conceptuación y apropiación de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos / Elements and Obstacles to Be Taken into Account in the Conceptualization and Appropriation of Sexual and Reproductive Rights." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v19i3.1182.

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El presente artículo ubica el concepto de derechos sexuales en el ámbito de las ciencias políticas, y muestra el papel que diversos actores y procesos sociales han tenido en la evolución del concepto, que aún lucha por ganar legitimidad social. Se evidencia cómo los derechos sexuales pertenecen al terreno de la ética, el derecho y el ejercicio de la ciudadanía, en contraste con la perspectiva de las religiones ortodoxas que no consideran que la sexualidad sea terreno del derecho sino de la naturalidad. Frente a dicha perspectiva se enfatiza el papel de los movimientos sociales y de las conferencias de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para facilitar la construcción de discursos. Finalmente el artículo ofrece una evaluación de la apropiación de los derechos sexuales por mujeres en el México contemporáneo. AbstractThe article places the concept of sexual rights within the sphere of the social sciences. It shows the role of various actors and social processes in the evolution of a concept that it is still struggling to gain social legitimacy. It shows how sexual rights belong to the sphere of ethics, law and the exercise of citizenship as opposed to the view of orthodox religions, which consider that sexuality belongs to the sphere of nature rather than law. The author contrasts the religious position with the role of social movements and the United Nations Conference in facilitating the construction of discourse. Finally, the article ends by offering an evaluation of the appropriation of sexual rights by women in contemporary Mexico.

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Kyriakakis, Stavroula, Beverly Araujo Dawson, and Tonya Edmond. "Mexican Immigrant Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: Conceptualization and Descriptions of Abuse." Violence and Victims 27, no. 4 (2012): 548–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.27.4.548.

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This phenomenological qualitative study examines intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by a sample of 29 Mexican immigrant women residing in New York and St. Louis. The findings reveal important insights about culturally specific abuse tactics employed by batterers and the forms of abuse that are experienced as most hurtful to the survivors. Ten different abusive tactics emerged: verbal, economic, physical, sexual, and extended family abuse, social isolation, physical abuse of children, stalking and monitoring, stolen bride, and sex trafficking. Cultural values and expectations appear to be inextricably linked to how the participants characterized the severity of each of the abusive tactics as evidenced by which abusive behaviors the participants found most hurtful. The findings will help service providers have a better understanding of the role cultural context plays in the IPV experiences of Mexican immigrant women.

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Castro Neira, Yerko. "Migraciones y fronteras en la época del fetichismo de la ley/ Migrations and borders in the age of the fetishism of the law." URVIO - Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad, no. 23 (November 21, 2018): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17141/urvio.23.2018.3521.

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En este artículo revisamos diversos aspectos que caracterizan a las migraciones y los desplazamientos humanos en la actualidad. Vemos cómo en diversas latitudes se repiten escenarios de violencias múltiples y complejas, que afectan a las personas y a los países. Con base en el trabajo de campo desarrollado en Tijuana, en la frontera de México con Estados Unidos, reflexionamos sobre el papel de la ley y la seguridad en la conformación de esos escenarios violentos. Así, nos proponemos cuestionar la ambigüedad de la ley y de los discursos de seguridad, intentando aportar a una visión en la que el derecho pueda coexistir con una cultura de sentimientos favorables a la convivencia humana y social diversa. Abstract In this paper, we review various aspects that characterize migrations and human displacement today. We see how, in different latitudes, scenarios of multiple and complex violence are repeated. Based on fieldwork developed in Tijuana, on the border of Mexico with the United States, we reflect on the role of law and security in shaping those violent scenarios. In this way, we propose to question the ambiguity of the law and security discourses, trying to contribute to a vision in which the law is in conformity with a culture of feelings favorable to the human and social diverse coexistence.

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Robinson, Laura, Jeremy Schulz, Matías Dodel, Teresa Correa, Eduardo Villanueva-Mansilla, Sayonara Leal, Claudia Magallanes-Blanco, et al. "Digital Inclusion Across the Americas and Caribbean." Social Inclusion 8, no. 2 (May 14, 2020): 244–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i2.2632.

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This research brings together digital inequality scholars from across the Americas and Caribbean to examine efforts to tackle digital inequality in Uruguay, Chile, Peru, Brazil, Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica, the United States, and Canada. As the case studies show, governmental policy has an important role to play in reducing digital disparities, particularly for potential users in rural or remote areas, as well as populations with great economic disparities. We find that public policy can effectively reduce access gaps when it combines the trifecta of network, device, and skill provision, especially through educational institutions. We also note, that urban populations have benefitted from digital inclusion strategies to a greater degree. This underscores that, no matter the national context, rural-urban digital inequality (and often associated economic inequality) is resistant to change. Even when access is provided, potential users may not find it affordable, lack skills, and/or see no benefit in adoption. We see the greatest potential for future digital inclusion in two related approaches: 1) initiatives that connect with hard-to-reach, remote, and rural communities outside urban cores and 2) initiatives that learn from communities about how best to provide digital resources while respecting their diversely situated contexts, while meeting social, economic and political needs.

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Kananukul, Chawanuan, Sojin Jung, and Kittichai Watchravesringkan. "Building customer equity through trust in social networking sites." Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing 9, no. 2 (June 8, 2015): 148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrim-03-2014-0019.

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Purpose – This study aims to propose and empirically test a cognitive-behavioral model of the perceived benefits of social networking sites (SNSs), trust in SNSs, brand trust, brand loyalty and customer equity in the context of fast fashion brand communities in Thailand. Using a structural equation modeling (SEM) technique, a proposed model was successfully established. Importantly, this research delineates the mediating role of the relationship between the perceived benefits of SNSs and brand trust, as well as emphasizes the importance of trust in generating customer equity. In addition to its theoretical contribution, this study also provides practical implications for brand managers to develop customer equity through their brand pages on SNSs. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed. Design/methodology/approach – The online surveys were administered to Thai consumers. An email invitation with an embedded link was sent by the researchers asking receivers to participate or forward the survey to others who were interested in participating in the study. As the purpose of this study is to investigate interrelationships among SNSs benefit, trust and customer equity in fast fashion retail domains, only responses from those who were current SNS users and had visited fast fashion SNS brand communities in the past three months were considered for analysis. A total of 227 participants completed the survey; however, eight of those responses were incomplete. Thus, 207 usable responses were analyzed by using SEM. Findings – Thai SNS users who believe they receive practical and social benefits from engaging in SNSs were likely to trust the sites instead of directly forming trust toward the brand. However, perceived entertainment benefits did not influence trust in SNS. This study found that brand trustworthiness is not directly predicted by practical benefit from SNSs. Instead, brand trustworthiness is formed through consumers’ trust toward SNSs. Brand trust induces a high degree of brand loyalty for fast fashion brands, and those individuals with higher brand loyalty were likely to purchase the brand’s products more frequently as well as in a higher volume. Research limitations/implications – Although the research included general fashion SNSs brand communities users, the samples are not fully representative. Particularly, the majority of respondents of this study could be college students; as such, this may have influenced the results. Thus, to enhance generalizability of the findings, the model should be examined using non-student samples. In addition, a greater number of samples will better reflect the actual demographic profile of SNS users. Second, although the study results generally support the proposed model, the results are necessarily limited to the study’s context, which is Thailand. Likewise, the study needs to be replicated with consumers in other countries, particularly in countries with the fastest increase of SNS users such as India, Indonesia, Mexico, China and Brazil. Practical implications – The results provide practical implications to apparel brands for establishing customer equity through their brand pages on SNSs. As discussed, consumer trust toward the SNSs is favorably strengthened by SNSs benefits (i.e., practical and social). Consumer trust in SNSs can impact how they perceive the brands and their purchase behaviors. This study encourages companies to strengthen consumers’ trust in SNSs by enhancing perceived practical and social benefits. In addition, companies need to closely monitor information/conversations about the product/brand being presented on their SNS brand community because the quality of information and conversation available in the SNS can affect consumer trust in that SNS. Originality/value – This study contributes to the existing literature in the area of social media, trust, brand loyalty and customer equity in the context of the apparel industry. Importantly, this study uncovered the mediating role of trust in SNSs in a practical benefit-brand trust relationship, indicating that brand trustworthiness is not directly predicted by practical benefit from SNSs, but is formed through consumers’ trust toward SNSs. Brand trust induces a high degree of brand loyalty for fast fashion brands, which in turn, led to customer equity relative to number of purchases and purchase volume.

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O'Neil, Kara. "Bridging Traditions and Innovations: the First International Social Pedagogy Conference." Papers of Social Pedagogy 9, no. 2 (September 4, 2018): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.4387.

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The first International Social Pedagogy Conference took place February 22-24, 2018 in Puebla, Mexico. The conference, Social Pedagogy and Social Education: Bridging Traditions and Innovations, was hosted by Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) in partnership with the Social Pedagogy Association, ASU, REMPES, and Ceiba. The conference hosted over 350 participants from 17 countries and offered presentations in English, Spanish and Portuguese, representing a wide variety of topics which reflect many of the diverse areas encompassed by social pedagogy research and practice. In 2011, the first social pedagogy masters program in North America - a Master of Art in Social and Cultural Pedagogy - was approved by Arizona State University for the School of Social Transformation in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. Within two years students in that program created a graduate organization, SCP-GO (Social and Cultural Pedagogy Graduate Organization), to connect with each other, organize events, and represent students’ needs and interests to the faculty. As the first of these graduates transitioned from University into a variety of careers and post-graduate studies, a need presented for a professional association to facilitate connections in North America between practical and theoretical pedagogues. Thus, the Social Pedagogy Association was created in 2015. The Social Pedagogy Association (SPA) brings together practitioners, academics, students and others to exchange experiences and to share knowledge and resources about social pedagogy theory, research and practice. The SPA strives to be an inclusive organization that believes in the importance of the free flow of ideas and scholars for the advancement of research, theory and educational practices. We are here to encourage scholarly interaction, collaboration, and debate from diverse intellectual perspectives and countries of origin by bringing together practitioners, academics, students and others to exchange experiences and to share knowledge and resources about social pedagogy theory, research and practice. (O’Neil, 2015) The SPA recognized a disconnect between academia and practice. While academics often engage in interdisciplinary study, and many practitioners refer to the works and successes of others in their fields, there is often a gap in communication between research and practice. As social pedagogues we bear a responsibility to ensure that gap is minimized as effectively as possible. As the academic discipline and practical application of social pedagogy expands, it is necessary that theoretical and practical pedagogues communicate and work in tandem. In 2004, prominent social pedagogue, Henry Giroux, wrote: I think too many cultural studies theorists are remiss in suggesting that pedagogy is primarily about schools and, by implication, that the intersection of cultural studies and pedagogy has little to do with theorizing the role pedagogy might play in linking learning to social change outside of traditional sites of schooling. Pedagogy is not simply about the social construction of knowledge, values, and experiences; it is also a performative practice embodied in the lived interactions among educators, audiences, texts, and institutional formations. Pedagogy, at its best, implies that learning takes place across a spectrum of social practices and settings. (Giroux, 2004, p.61) Rooted deeply in northern Europe and South America, the field of Social Pedagogy is growing and changing as it spreads and develops in the UK, Central America, and, most recently, North America. The discipline has more than 150 years of history as both an interdisciplinary academic field of inquiry and a field of practice that is situated in the intersection of three areas of human activity: education, social work, and community development (Schugurensky, 2011). Hans Thiersch defined the role of social pedagogue thus: The role of the social pedagogue is to help people to critically analyze their problems, reflecting on the social causes of the individual problems and to find options for successful everyday life. The focus is connecting help for the individual with political action in the context of social justice and well-being, while recognizing social and political resources. (Schugurensky, 2014, p. 9) It is of utmost importance that pedagogues ‘across a spectrum’ listen to one another and aid each other in this critical analysis and reflection. This need for an increase in communication was recognized by members and partners of the SPA soon after its founding. “As a critical practice, pedagogy’s role lies not only in changing how people think about themselves and their relationship to others and the world, but also is energizing students and others to engage in those struggles that further possibilities for living in a more just society.” (Giroux, 2004, p. 64) As pedagogues, we must also energize and engage one another. There is possibly no greater power than that inherent in the exchange of ideas and culture. In 2017, Jan Rothuizen and Lotte Harbo reminded us that “Bridge-building means changing society and not just working with care but also with community development, so as to address the wider and systematic aspects that affect the marginalized groups” (Rothuzian, p.18). It was with this idea of bridging connections and supporting one another that the SPA organized and planned the first International Social Pedagogy Conference which took place February 22-24, 2018 in Puebla, Mexico. The conference, Social Pedagogy and Social Education: Bridging Traditions and Innovations, was hosted by Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) in partnership with the Social Pedagogy Association, ASU, REMPES, and Ceiba. The intention of this conference was to bridge differences within the theories of academia and help to unite those theories with the experiences of field-work practitioners, an important connection that is all-too-often overlooked. The conference was held with the intention of bringing together the various studies and practices of social pedagogy and social education around the world. The conference welcomed any and all researchers and practitioners whose work falls into the realm of social or critical pedagogies and social education, to include topics such as: refugee education, cultural pedagogy, the formation/education of social educators and social workers, technology and social education, pedagogical theory, social pedagogy and social education in schools, and more. The conference hosted over 350 participants from 17 countries and offered presentations in English, Spanish and Portuguese, representing a wide variety of topics which reflect many of the diverse areas encompassed by social pedagogy research and practice. By forging initial connections between researchers and practitioners, we hope to continue to find and increase ways in which these connections can influence and impact the growth of social pedagogy and social education around the world. The hope of the SPA is that we continue to identify tension fields, share successes and challenges internationally within the field and research, and come to an understanding of social pedagogy advised and shaped by our varied cultures, experiences, and educations. The SPA will be partnering in June of 2020 with the University of Central Lancashire (CLAN) to host the second International Social Pedagogy Conference in Larnaka, Cyprus. We are excited to see the unification of ideas and knowledge and look forward to a future of partnership with pedagogues around the world.

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DeVault, Marjorie L., Barbara L. Richardson, and Jeana Wirtenberg. "Sex Role Research: Measuring Social Change." Contemporary Sociology 14, no. 4 (July 1985): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2069196.

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Doherty, Edmund G., and Alice H. Eagly. "Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social-Role Interpretation." Contemporary Sociology 18, no. 3 (May 1989): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2073813.

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Davidson, Bernard, and Donna L. Sollie. "SEX-ROLE ORIENTATION AND MARITAL ADJUSTMENT." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1987.15.1.59.

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The relationship between sex-role orientation and marital adjustment was investigated. Using a sample of 112 married couples, husbands and wives separately completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. The hypotheses tested were based on the assumption that an androgynous sex-role orientation, which incorporates both instrumental and expressive capacities, would be most positively related to self and spouse's marital adjustment, while an undifferentiated orientation would be least related. Results indicated that in general both androgynous and sex-typed individuals and their spouses were significantly higher in marital adjustment than were undifferentiated individuals and their spouses. In addition, spousal sex-role types were found to be related and couples in which both partners were classified as undifferentiated reported the lowest levels of marital adjustment while androgynous couples and sex-typed couples reported greater levels of marital adjustment. The results were discussed in relation to their support for a symbolic interaction/ role theory interpretation of the association between sex-role orientation and marital adjustment.

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Koenig, Esther J. "SEX ROLE COMPLEMENTARITY IN JOB STEREOTYPY." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 17, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1989.17.2.181.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of gender and sex role on the perceived suitability of hypothetical job applicants for sex-typed jobs. Six descriptions of applicants were presented to 605 college students, who were asked to rank order them on suitability for different jobs. The questionnaire each student received had five applicants with masculine first names and one with a feminine first name. Results showed no main effect due to either job sex-type, sex role of applicants, or gender of either applicant or student-rater. Interactional analyses, however, showed that for specific applicant job pairings where male applicants were ranked differently than female applicants, a complementarity of gender and sex role was evident. Specifically, the applicant with stereotypically masculine traits was ranked high when presented as a woman, while the applicant with stereotypically feminine traits was ranked high when presented as a man. It is suggested that this interaction effect is best explained by positing that gender-related stereotypes are implicity generated and that they complement sex role characteristics of the other sex. Thus, a woman with male sex role characteristics, or a man with female sex role characteristics, is seen as more adaptable or well-rounded than applicants whose sex roles are consonant with their gender.

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28

Gackenbach, Jayne I., and Stephen M. Auerbach. "Sex-Role Attitudes and Perceptual Learning." Journal of Social Psychology 125, no. 2 (April 1985): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1985.9922876.

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29

Alain, Michel, and Yvan Lussier. "Sex-Role Attitudes and Divorce Experience." Journal of Social Psychology 128, no. 2 (April 1988): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1988.9711357.

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30

Granados Alcántar, José Aurelio. "Las corrientes migratorias en las ciudades contiguas a la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México: el caso de la aglomeración urbana de Pachuca / Migratory Trends in Cities Adjacent to the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. The Case of Urban Agglomeration i." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v22i3.1273.

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En los últimos veinte años la ciudad de Pachuca ha sufrido grandes transformaciones en su territorio; el ritmo de crecimiento poblacional ha provocado que la ciudad se expanda físicamente como no lo había hecho en sus casi quinientos años de existencia. Una parte de este crecimiento poblacional se debe a los procesos inmigratorios que han ocurrido en los últimos años. Tomando en cuenta las tendencias y las experiencias de otras ciudades contiguas a la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México, pensamos que el actual flujo migratorio se consolidará e intensificará en los próximos años. De ahí que el objetivo del presente trabajo sea realizar un estudio sobre las corrientes migratorias en el espacio urbano de Pachuca, describiendo el perfil del migrante según los flujos establecidos. Nos interesa prever los cambios económicos y sociales en la ciudad, el desarrollo de su influencia regional y su nuevo papel en el sistema de ciudades y en la megalópolis de la Ciudad de México. AbstractOver the past twenty years, the city of Pachuca has undergone enormous transformations in its territory while the rate of population growth has meant that the city has expanded more than ever before in its nearly 500 years of existence. Part of this population growth is due to the migratory processes that have taken place in recent years. Given the trends and experiences of other cities adjacent to the Mexico City Metropolitan Zone, the authors believe that the current migratory flow will be consolidated and intensified over the next few years. The aim of this study is to therefore to undertake a study of migratory trends in the urban space of Pachuca, by describing migrants’ profiles according to the established flows. The authors are interested in predicting the economic and social changes in the city, the development of its regional influence and its new role in the system of cities and the Mexico City megalopolis.

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31

Semple, Shirley J., Heather A. Pines, Alicia Harvey Vera, Eileen V. Pitpitan, Gustavo Martinez, M. Gudelia Rangel, Steffanie A. Strathdee, and Thomas L. Patterson. "Maternal role strain and depressive symptoms among female sex workers in Mexico: the moderating role of sex work venue." Women & Health 60, no. 3 (June 14, 2019): 284–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2019.1626792.

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32

Ullery, Elizabeth K. "Consideration of a Spiritual Role in Sex and Sex Therapy." Family Journal 12, no. 1 (January 2004): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480703258710.

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33

Bell, Nancy J., Carol J. Schoenrock, Marilyn Young, Arthur W. Avery, Candy A. Croft, and Suzanne Lane. "Family Constellation, Social Competence, and Sex-Role Development." Journal of Genetic Psychology 146, no. 2 (June 1985): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1985.9914454.

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34

Milam, Erika L., Roberta L. Millstein, Angela Potochnik, and Joan E. Roughgarden. "Sex and sensibility: The role of social selection." Metascience 20, no. 2 (November 23, 2010): 253–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11016-010-9464-6.

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35

Craddock, Alan E. "Family structure and sex-role orientation." American Journal of Family Therapy 18, no. 4 (December 1990): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926189008250984.

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36

MILLER-BERNAL, LESLIE. "College Experiences and Sex-Role Attitudes." Youth & Society 20, no. 4 (June 1989): 363–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x89020004001.

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37

Phillips, Betty S. "Nicknames and sex role stereotypes." Sex Roles 23, no. 5-6 (September 1990): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00290049.

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38

de Klerk, Vivian, and Barbara Bosch. "Nicknames as Sex-Role Stereotypes." Sex Roles 35, no. 9-10 (November 1996): 525–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01548251.

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39

King, Lynda A., and Daniel W. King. "Sex-Role Egalitarian Ism Scale." Psychology of Women Quarterly 21, no. 1 (March 1997): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00101.x.

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The Sex-Role Egalitarianism Scale (SRES) was developed to measure attitudes toward the equality of women and men across content domains representing marital, parental, employment, social-interpersonal-heterosexual, and educational roles. The instrument exists in four versions: two alternate 95-item full forms and two alternate 25-item abbreviated forms. Reliability indices derived from a classical test-theory approach, multifaceted generalizability procedures, and an item-response theory-based analysis all support consistency or precision of measurement. Evidence for convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity is presented, along with a series of recommendations for future psychometric and substantive research using the scale.

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40

Russell, C. Denise, and Jon B. Ellis. "SEX-ROLE DEVELOPMENT IN SINGLE PARENT HOUSEHOLDS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1991.19.1.5.

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In order to examine the relationship between sex-role development and number of parents in the home, 129 adolescent age college students (73 women, 56 men) were administered a life history questionnaire and the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (short form) (BSRI). With the sexes combined, 54 individuals were classified as androgynous and 75 as nonandrogynous. As predicted, there was a higher percentage of androgynous individuals who were reared in single-parent households as opposed to “intact” households. These results indicate that the development of an androgynous sex role has a strong relationship to number of parents in a family, particularly single parent homes in which the mother is the parent. An implication of these results is that parents who model adaptive yet nontraditional roles may play an important role in the healthy development of their children.

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41

Durkin, Kevin. "Television and sex-role acquisition 1: Content." British Journal of Social Psychology 24, no. 2 (June 1985): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1985.tb00669.x.

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Durkin, Kevin. "Television and sex-role acquisition. 2: Effects." British Journal of Social Psychology 24, no. 3 (September 1985): 191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1985.tb00680.x.

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43

Furnham, Adrian, and Sandra Schofield. "Sex-role stereotyping in British radio advertisements." British Journal of Social Psychology 25, no. 2 (June 1986): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1986.tb00715.x.

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44

Howrey, Bret, Jaqueline Avila, Brian Downer, and Rebeca Wong. "Social Engagement and Cognitive Function of Older Adults in Mexico and the United States." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 560–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1846.

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Abstract Social engagement is linked to better cognition, but it is unclear if the social engagement of husbands and wives influences their own cognition as well as each other’s cognition in two very different country contexts. Data on married couples come from the 2001 Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) and the 2000 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), with follow-up cognition measured in 2012. Structural equation models (SEM) were used to test the actor-partner interdependence model on the association of social engagement with cognition. In Mexico wives’ social engagement benefited their own cognition as well as their husbands’, but husband’s social engagement was unrelated to cognition. In the U.S. both wives’ and husbands’ social engagement benefited their own cognition, but not each other’s. Results suggest asymmetric patterns of actor-partner interdependence in Mexico, possibly reflecting more traditional social roles of women and co-dependence within couples, but more independence within U.S. couples.

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Robins, Clive J. "Sex role perceptions and social anxiety in opposite-sex and same-sex situations." Sex Roles 14, no. 7-8 (April 1986): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00288423.

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46

Hartman, Sandra J., Rodger W. Griffeth, Lynn Miller, and Angelo J. Kinicki. "The Impact of Occupation, Performance, and Sex on Sex Role Stereotyping." Journal of Social Psychology 128, no. 4 (August 1988): 451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1988.9713765.

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47

Ravinder, Shashi. "Sex-Role Salience: An Important Component in the Measurement of Sex-Role Identity." Human Relations 40, no. 11 (November 1987): 741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872678704001103.

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48

LUEPTOW, LLOYD B., MARGARET B. GUSS, and COLLEEN HYDEN. "Sex Role Ideology, Marital Status, and Happiness." Journal of Family Issues 10, no. 3 (September 1989): 383–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251389010003005.

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Research suggests that women's, but not men's, sex role ideology may be negatively related to marital happiness and stability. Analysis of General Social Survey data from 1974 to 1986 supports that proposition. Nontraditional women are less happy and more likely to be separated or divorced. These relations are stronger for attitudes about women's personality than about roles, and are not eliminated by controls for age, year, education, or work status. They are also stronger for women constrained in marriage by opposition to divorce. All in all, the results are consistent with the idea that modern sex role ideology is negatively related to marital success for women.

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BOWEN, GARY L. "Marital Sex Role Incongruence and Marital Adjustment." Journal of Family Issues 10, no. 3 (September 1989): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251389010003007.

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CALDWELL, ROBERT A., and JASON T. LI. "Marital Sex Role Incongruence and Marital Adjustment." Journal of Family Issues 10, no. 3 (September 1989): 416–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251389010003008.

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