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Journal articles on the topic 'Sex-role stereotypes'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Mahowald, Mary B. "Sex-Role Stereotypes in Medicine." Hypatia 2, no. 2 (1987): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1987.tb01063.x.

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I argue for compatibility between feminism and medicine by developing a model of the physician-other relationship which is essentially egalitarian. This entails rejection of (a) a paternalistic model which reinforces sex-role stereotypes, (b) a maternalistic model which exclusively emphasizes patient autonomy, and (c) a model which focuses on the physician's conscience. The model I propose (parentalism) captures the complexity and dynamism of the physician-other relationship, by stressing mutuality in respect for autonomy and regard for each other's interests.

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2

Phillips, Betty S. "Nicknames and sex role stereotypes." Sex Roles 23, no. 5-6 (September 1990): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00290049.

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3

de Klerk, Vivian, and Barbara Bosch. "Nicknames as Sex-Role Stereotypes." Sex Roles 35, no. 9-10 (November 1996): 525–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01548251.

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4

Prinsloo, Casper H. "The Tenacity of Sex-Role Stereotypes." South African Journal of Psychology 22, no. 2 (June 1992): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639202200206.

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The Feminist Movement, technological developments and economic changes have led to sex-role confusion. This confusion has influenced thinking about sex-role identity and sex-role stereotypes, which are also seen as a form of prejudice. Counsellors, therapists, theologians, employers, spouses and others are regularly confronted by this confusion. South African sex-role stereotypes have never been assessed nor have they been compared with findings from studies in other cultures. Following a careful conceptualization, a theoretical exposition and an overview of existing instruments and research results, data on local sex-role stereotypes were collected by means of a postal survey in order to establish a baseline of the stereotypical nature and social desirability of 171 characteristics. This information is necessary for the construction of a local sex-role identity scale. The findings indicated that local stereotypes are similar to those found in 25 cultures abroad, although African and western respondents evaluated certain stereotypes differently. The implications of the findings are considered.

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5

Halpern, D. F. "How Neuromythologies Support Sex Role Stereotypes." Science 330, no. 6009 (December 2, 2010): 1320–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1198057.

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6

Cann, Arnie, and William D. Siegfried. "Sex stereotypes and the leadership role." Sex Roles 17, no. 7-8 (October 1987): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00288143.

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7

Tempel, Tobias, and Roland Neumann. "Gender Role Orientation Moderates Effects of Stereotype Activation on Test Performances." Social Psychology 47, no. 2 (March 2016): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000259.

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Abstract. We investigated the moderation of effects of activated gender stereotypes on the performance of women in tests of different ability domains. The Bem Sex Role Inventory assessed masculinity and femininity. The difference of the masculinity and femininity scores served as a continuous independent variable of gender role orientation. Only participants with feminine gender role orientation suffered from stereotype activation with regard to mental rotation and math performance. In contrast, participants with feminine gender role orientation profited from stereotype activation with regard to emotional sensitivity performance. These results demonstrate a generally higher susceptibility to gender stereotypes of women with feminine gender role orientation. Higher self-relevance of stereotypes was associated with stronger stereotype threat, but also stronger stereotype lift or boost.

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8

Bauer, Nichole M., and Colleen Carpinella. "Visual Information and Candidate Evaluations: The Influence of Feminine and Masculine Images on Support for Female Candidates." Political Research Quarterly 71, no. 2 (November 14, 2017): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912917738579.

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Existing research debates the extent to which feminine and masculine stereotypes affect voters’ impressions of female candidates. Current approaches identify how descriptions of female candidates as having feminine or masculine qualities lead voters to rely on stereotypes. We argue that extant scholarship overlooks a critical source of stereotypic information about female candidates—the role of visual information. This manuscript explores the conditions under which voters use feminine and masculine visuals to evaluate female candidates. Drawing on theories of information processing and stereotype reliance, we develop a framework that explains when visual information will affect how voters evaluate female and male candidates. We argue that visual information that is incongruent with stereotypes about a candidate’s sex will affect candidate evaluations while visuals congruent with stereotypes about candidate sex will not. We test these dynamics with an original survey experiment. We find that gender incongruent masculine visuals negatively affect evaluations of a female candidate’s issue competencies and electoral viability.

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9

Orser, Barbara. "Sex Role Stereotypes and Requisite Management Characteristics:." Women in Management Review 9, no. 4 (July 1994): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09649429410062211.

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10

Fidell, L. S. "Sex Role Stereotypes and the American Physician." Psychology of Women Quarterly 34, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2010.tb01107.x.

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11

Werner, Paul D., and Georgina Williams LaRussa. "Persistence and change in sex-role stereotypes." Sex Roles 12, no. 9-10 (May 1985): 1089–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00288107.

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12

York, Reginald O. "Sex-Role Stereotypes and the Socialization of Managers." Administration in Social Work 12, no. 1 (July 14, 1988): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j147v12n01_03.

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13

Sherman, Susan R. "Sex Role Stereotypes and Middle and Old Age." Journal of Social Service Research 8, no. 4 (May 13, 1986): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j079v08n04_02.

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14

Gandz, J., and J. M. Howell. "Confronting Sex Role Stereotypes: the Janis/Jack Jerome Cases." Journal of Management Education 13, no. 4 (August 1, 1989): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105256298801300411.

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15

Dade, Lennell R., and Lloyd R. Sloan. "An Investigation of Sex-Role stereotypes in African Americans." Journal of Black Studies 30, no. 5 (May 2000): 676–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002193470003000503.

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16

Paris, Lori D., and Diane L. Decker. "Sex role stereotypes: does business education make a difference?" Gender in Management: An International Journal 27, no. 1 (February 10, 2012): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17542411211199264.

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17

Halpern, Diane F. "The influence of sex-role stereotypes on prose recall." Sex Roles 12, no. 3-4 (February 1985): 363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00287602.

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18

Riemer, Brenda A., and Deborah L. Feltz. "The Influence of Sport Appropriateness and Image on the Status of Female Athletes." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 4, no. 1 (April 1995): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.4.1.1.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stereotyped visual images (pictures) on the friendship status ranking of females in “gender-appropriate” and “gender-inappropriate” sports. The study employed a 2×2×3 (sex × sport × image) ANOVA between subjects design, with tennis and basketball being the “appropriate” and “inappropriate” sports chosen respectively. The visual image was manipulated by having a picture of a stereotypical feminine female versus a stereotypical androgynous female. The control group did not have a visual image. We hypothesized that image would interact with sport appropriateness such that the feminine image would enhance the friendship status of the hypothetical basketball player; whereas the androgynous image would lower the hypothetical tennis player’s status. A “sex-byimage” interaction as well as a “sex-by-sport” trend supported the hypothesis for males; males used the perceived femininity/androgyny stereotype to influence their decision about friendship status.Over the last two decades, women’s active involvement in sport has increased. For example, since the 1972 passage of Title IX, participation has increased by over 600% for girls in interscholastic school programs (Boutilier & SanGiovanni, 1983). Despite an increase in the sport opportunities available to women, stereotypes about what is socially appropriate influence how females in sport are perceived. Gender-role stereotypes have been identified as some of the influencing factors in the perception of appropriate sports for males and females (Metheny, 1965) and in one’s social status (Coleman, 1961). Avariable which may enhance the perception of appropriate sports for males and females is the addition of a visual image. Duncan & Sayaovong (1990) have suggested that visual images have the ability to reinforce or contradict gender-role stereotypes. The purpose of this study was to determine how visual images may affect the perceived status of female high school athletes in “gender-appropriate” and “gender-inappropriate” sports.

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19

Friedman, Heidi, and Leslie A. Zebrowitz. "The Contribution of Typical Sex Differences in Facial Maturity to Sex Role Stereotypes." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 18, no. 4 (August 1992): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167292184006.

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20

Robbins, Rosemary A. "Gender and sex-role stereotypes in scales of death concern." Death Studies 13, no. 6 (November 1989): 579–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07481188908252334.

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21

De Lisi, Richard, and Luxshmi Soundranayagam. "The conceptual structure of sex role stereotypes in college students." Sex Roles 23, no. 11-12 (December 1990): 593–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00289250.

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22

Koenig, Esther J. "SEX ROLE COMPLEMENTARITY IN JOB STEREOTYPY." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 17, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1989.17.2.181.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of gender and sex role on the perceived suitability of hypothetical job applicants for sex-typed jobs. Six descriptions of applicants were presented to 605 college students, who were asked to rank order them on suitability for different jobs. The questionnaire each student received had five applicants with masculine first names and one with a feminine first name. Results showed no main effect due to either job sex-type, sex role of applicants, or gender of either applicant or student-rater. Interactional analyses, however, showed that for specific applicant job pairings where male applicants were ranked differently than female applicants, a complementarity of gender and sex role was evident. Specifically, the applicant with stereotypically masculine traits was ranked high when presented as a woman, while the applicant with stereotypically feminine traits was ranked high when presented as a man. It is suggested that this interaction effect is best explained by positing that gender-related stereotypes are implicity generated and that they complement sex role characteristics of the other sex. Thus, a woman with male sex role characteristics, or a man with female sex role characteristics, is seen as more adaptable or well-rounded than applicants whose sex roles are consonant with their gender.

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23

Curun, Ferzan, Ebru Taysi, and Fatih Orcan. "Ambivalent sexism as a mediator for sex role orientation and gender stereotypes in romantic relationships: A study in Turkey." Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 11, no. 1 (October 20, 2017): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v11i1.229.

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The present study examined the mediating effects of ambivalent sexism (hostile and benevolent) in the relationship between sex role orientation (masculinity and femininity) and gender stereotypes (dominance and assertiveness) in college students. The variables were measured using the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI), and the Attitudes toward Gender Stereotypes in Romantic Relationships Scale (AGSRRS). These inventories were administered to 250 undergraduate students at Istanbul University in Istanbul and Suleyman Demirel University in Isparta, Turkey. Results indicate that benevolent sexism mediates the relationship between hostile sexism and male dominance. Benevolent sexism also mediates femininity and male dominance, as well as femininity and male assertiveness. Hostile sexism was mediated only between the masculine personality trait and benevolent sexism. The present findings expand the literature on sex role orientation by revealing evidence that masculine and feminine individuals experience ambivalent sexism distinctively. The results are discussed in terms of the assumptions of sex role orientation, ambivalent sexism, and gender stereotypes.

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24

Campbell, C., R. Edwards, B. Hastie, and R. Fillingim. "Age and sex differences in pain perception: The role of gender role stereotypes." Journal of Pain 6, no. 3 (March 2005): S60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2005.01.236.

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25

Panayiotou, Georgia, and Myroula Papageorgiou. "Depressed mood: The role of negative thoughts, self‐consciousness, and sex role stereotypes." International Journal of Psychology 42, no. 5 (October 2007): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207590701318389.

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26

Brenner, O. C., Joseph Tomkiewicz, and Virginia Ellen Schein. "The Relationship Between Sex Role Stereotypes And Requisite Management Characteristics Revisited." Academy of Management Journal 32, no. 3 (September 1989): 662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/256439.

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27

Mulac, Anthony, Carol R. Incontro, and Margaret R. James. "Comparison of the gender-linked language effect and sex role stereotypes." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49, no. 4 (1985): 1098–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.49.4.1098.

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28

McRae, Mary B. "Influence of sex role stereotypes on personnel decisions of Black managers." Journal of Applied Psychology 79, no. 2 (1994): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.2.306.

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29

PRYOR, ROBERT G. L. "Eradicating Sex Role Stereotypes: An Application of Gottfredson's Circumscription-Compromise Theory." Vocational Guidance Quarterly 33, no. 4 (June 1985): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-585x.1985.tb01321.x.

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30

Miller, Linda R., Rakhee N. Bilimoria, and Nisha Pattni. "Do women want 'new men'? Cultural influences on sex-role stereotypes." Psychology, Evolution & Gender 2, no. 2 (January 2000): 127–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616660050200913.

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31

Cormack, Stephanie, and Adrian Furnham. "Psychiatric Labelling, Sex Role Stereotypes and Beliefs About the Mentally Ill." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 44, no. 4 (December 1998): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002076409804400401.

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32

Yon, Kyu Jin, Wonseok Choi, and Michael Goh. "Career Maturity Growth Curve and Sex-Role Stereotypes of Korean Adolescents." Journal of Career Development 40, no. 3 (April 30, 2012): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894845312445515.

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33

Meehan, Anita M., and Leann M. Janik. "Illusory correlation and the maintenance of sex role stereotypes in children." Sex Roles 22, no. 1-2 (January 1990): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00288156.

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34

Mastanora, Refika, Rudi Pranata, and Oktri Permata Lani. "CHILDREN SOCIAL ATTRIBUTION BASED ON GENDER PERSPECTIVE." AGENDA: Jurnal Analisis Gender dan Agama 3, no. 1 (June 19, 2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/agenda.v3i1.3709.

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Social attribution can appear spontaneously or through long considerations and thinking process. Factors influencing attribution is the attribution style; planned and unplanned attribution. This kind of behavior can arise due to emotional factors. Meanwhile, children's social attributions arise because of stereotypes or labeling that have been attached to society, thus it has an impact on children's understanding of gender since they were born. The existence of social construction regarding gender roles cannot be separated from how the paradigm views the labeling of the characteristics of women and men is. In children, this social attribution usually occurs because of the stereotype of gender roles taught to children. This stereotype is a labeling that begins based on the perception or point of view of a person. While gender role stereotypes are part of the discussion about gender "sex", namely social expectations that define how men and women think, feel, and act, which are part of the product of the stereotype itself.

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35

Johnson, Kim K. P., and Jane E. Workman. "Effect of Clothing, Sex, and Sex Role Stereotypes on Behavioral Expectations of a Preschool Child." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 11, no. 2 (January 1993): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x9301100201.

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36

Valentine, Sean. "Locus of Control as a Dispositional Determinant of Men's Traditional Sex-Role Attitudes." Psychological Reports 85, no. 3 (December 1999): 1041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.85.3.1041.

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The associations among measures of locus of control and attitudes' toward women who work were assessed using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth for 1,229 young adult males. Significant positive correlations, ranging from .09 to .14, were found among locus of control and men's negative stereotypes of women who work, which suggests that males who feel a lack of personal control may oppose women working outside of the home. The results also indicate that men with greater personal control may be more accepting of women in nontraditional sex roles than men with an external locus of control. Negative stereotypes of women who work and male self-preservation may explain these relationships.

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37

Lee, Chun Wah. "A Study of Singapore's English Channel Television Commercials and Sex-Role Stereotypes." Asian Journal of Women's Studies 9, no. 3 (January 2003): 78–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2003.11665953.

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38

DeJong, Cor A. J., Wim van den Brink, and Jorien A. M. Jansen. "Sex role stereotypes and clinical judgement: How therapists view their alcoholic patients." Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 10, no. 4 (July 1993): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0740-5472(93)90023-u.

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39

Lily, Shashaani. "Socioeconomic Status, Parents’ Sex-Role Stereotypes, and the Gender Gap in Computing." Journal of Research on Computing in Education 26, no. 4 (June 1994): 433–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08886504.1994.10782102.

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40

Morningstar, Patricia J., and Dale D. Chitwood. "How Women and Men Get Cocaine: Sex-role Stereotypes and Acquisition Patterns." Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 19, no. 2 (April 1987): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02791072.1987.10472397.

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41

Holroyd, E. A., M. H. Bond, and H. Y. Chan. "Perceptions of sex-role stereotypes, self-concept, and nursing role ideal in Chinese nursing students." Journal of Advanced Nursing 37, no. 3 (February 2002): 294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02091.x.

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42

Vasconcelos, Anselmo Ferreira. "Gender and leadership stereotypes theory: is it reaching the boundaries?" Management Research Review 41, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 1336–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-04-2017-0131.

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PurposeThis paper aims to answer whether the notion of the gender and leadership stereotypes theory has already reached its boundaries.Design/methodology/approachTo accomplish such a goal, it relies on the extant literature looking for more robust findings, problems, disruptions and pathways toward building a better understanding of this problematic.FindingsThe evidence gleaned throughout this paper suggests that the interplay between gender and leadership stereotypes theory has reached its boundaries. Moreover, the traditional sex stereotype or gender traits approach within companies seems to be highly limited taking into account that it tends to nurture rivalry and prejudice among people of different genders. Rather than focusing on leader sex approach or egalitarian quotas, in terms of leadership role and despite the fair argument of diversity, the author proposes that it is wiser to concentrate on a meritocratic view.Practical implicationsIt suggests that an androgyny leadership style appears to be welcomed in organizations, yet some shift about this understanding may be occurring. At present, however, female aspirants of leadership roles should work increasingly toward adapting themselves to this profile. In doing so, it is likely that they may be benefited from organizational evaluations in which the merit issue constitutes an imperative.Originality/valueOverall, it is expected to contribute to theory by arguing that the traditional understanding of gender and leadership stereotypes theory is not suitable anymore to deal with the uncertainties and complexities that shape today’s business arenas. On the contrary, it argues that such approach tends only to encourage gender bias and to nurture a somewhat sex war game in detriment of organizations efficiency and productivity.

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43

Yount, Kristen R. "A Theory of Productive Activity: The Relationships Among Self-Concept, Gender, Sex Role Stereotypes, and Work-Emergent Traits." Psychology of Women Quarterly 10, no. 1 (March 1986): 63–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1986.tb00737.x.

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A theoretical framework is presented that focuses on the division of labor by gender to account for both sex role stereotypes and the correspondence between these stereotypes and the self-concepts of women and men. According to this framework, the self-images of adults are largely constituted by attributes generated by their productive activity. These attributes, referred to as work-emergent traits, are consequences of working within particular social and physical conditions of production because they help individuals to perform work tasks and to regulate their emotional responses to the stressors attendant upon their work roles. Because of sexual segregation in the work force, certain traits have been generalized to all women and to all men, appearing as sex role stereotypes. Although the sexual division of labor is the root cause of stereotypical beliefs regarding the attributes of women and men, the beliefs themselves also sustain the division of labor. Suggestive pilot data, which provide initial substantiation for this theoretical perspective, are briefly discussed.

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44

Rollman, Gary B. "Sex differences in pain do exist: The role of biological and psychosocial factors." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 3 (September 1997): 464–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97491495.

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The evidence favoring sex differences in pain seems compelling (berkley). This commentary considers the role of such factors as anxiety, somatosensory amplification, and coping style in accounting for the differential response to pain in the laboratory and clinic, and emphasizes the need to base evaluation and treatment upon individual reports rather than gender-based stereotypes.

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45

Lang, A. R., M. G. Winiarski, and L. Curtin. "Person perception as a function of drinking behavior, gender and sex role stereotypes." Journal of Studies on Alcohol 53, no. 3 (May 1992): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1992.53.225.

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46

Brenner, O. C., J. Tomkiewicz, and V. E. Schein. "RESEARCH NOTES. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEX ROLE STEREOTYPES AND REQUISITE MANAGEMENT CHARACTERISTICS REVISITED." Academy of Management Journal 32, no. 3 (September 1, 1989): 662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256439.

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47

Schein, Virginia E., Ruediger Mueller, and Carolyn Jacobson. "The relationship between sex role stereotypes and requisite management characteristics among college students." Sex Roles 20, no. 1-2 (January 1989): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00288030.

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48

Phillips, Roger D., and Faith D. Gilroy. "Sex-role stereotypes and clinical judgments of mental health: The Brovermans' findings reexamined." Sex Roles 12, no. 1-2 (January 1985): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00288046.

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49

Cook, Jacqueline, and Leickness C. Simbayi. "The Effects of Gender and Sex Role Identity on Occupational Sex Role Stereotypes Held by White South African High School Pupils." Journal of Vocational Behavior 53, no. 2 (October 1998): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1997.1618.

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50

Savas, T., I. Y. Yurtman, F. Karaagac, and E. Köycü. "Einfluss der intensiven Gruppenhaltung und Geschlecht auf Oral- Stereotypien und einige Verhaltensmerkmale bei Mastlämmern." Archives Animal Breeding 44, no. 3 (October 10, 2001): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-44-313-2001.

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Abstract. Title of the paper: Effect of intensive group condition and sex on the oral stereotypes and some behaviour traits in fattening lambs Oral stereotypes are a kind of the forms of behavioural abnormalities and many husbandry factors can cause the development of such behaviours in almost all domestic species. In this study, effects of housing based on group condition and also sex differences on the development of oral stereotypes were investigated in fattening lambs Ten male and ten female Turkgeldi synthetic breed of lambs were used. Animals were assigned to sex groups at the beginning of the study and housed in pens that consisted of metal feed through and water buckets on a straw bedded floor during the experiment. Behavioural observations were taken by two observer and time sampling technique was- used. Activities such as biting, licking and chewing of through, water bucket and also bars of pen were recorded as oral stereotypes. Generally, it was indicated that intensive group condition in fattening lamb. causes the development of behavioural abnormalities related to nutritional origin. Activities towards the bedding material, standing, lying and wool chewing behaviours were significantly affected by sex. The male lambs showed more activities in standing and wool licking and wool chewing behaviours than the females while the lying and activity towards the bedding material observed more frequently in the female group. This finding indicated that general activity was high in the male lambs. There was no significant sex effect on the total oral stereotypes. It was concluded that lack of structural materials have an important role in the development of oral stereotypes. In addition some stressful conditions that caused by group housing may also resulted in the development of such abnormalities especially for the male lambs.

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