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Gunderman, Richard B., and Mark H. Baskin. "Doing It for the First Time: Sex Sigma™." Journal of the American College of Radiology 9, no. 11 (November 2012): 773–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2012.07.002.
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Dave, A., K. E. Sprecher, K. K. Lui, M. G. Chappel-Farley, I. Y. Chen, K. Blennow, H. Zetterberg, et al. "0422 Apocalypse Tau: The Relationship Between Inflammaging and Local Sleep Disruption in Older Adults is Mediated by Tau Burden." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A161—A162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.419.
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Abstract Introduction Chronic inflammation in aging is independently associated with tau burden and sleep disruption, though the mechanism linking inflammation with sleep disruption remains unknown. Recent evidence associates tau burden with deficits in local expression of sleep spindles and slow wave activity (SWA). Here we test the hypothesis that age-related central inflammation disrupts local sleep by influencing tau pathology. Methods Cognitively asymptomatic older adults from the Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center underwent overnight polysomnography with high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG; 256 channels) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (n=33, 61.9±6.7 years, 23 female). EEG data were subjected to multitaper spectral analysis (0.5-40Hz) to yield topographic maps of SWA (SWA1:0.5-1Hz, SWA2:1-4.5Hz) and spindle (sigma1:11-13Hz; sigma2:13-16Hz) power during NREM sleep. Cerebrospinal fluid assay-based measurements of YKL-40 (indicating glial activation), phosphorylated tau (Ptau), and total tau (Ttau), were correlated with SWA and sigma topographical power employing Holm-Bonferroni correction. Multiple linear regression models were implemented controlling for age, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and sex at significant derivations. Finally, Sobel testing was employed to assess whether tau burden mediated YKL-40-sleep associations. Results Age was associated with YKL-40 (r=0.53, p=0.002), and YKL-40 was associated with both Ptau (r=0.66, p<0.001) and Ttau (r=0.68, p<0.001). Correlations between sigma2 activity and both Ptau and Ttau were detected at 14 derivations, 12 of which remained significant after controlling for age, sex, and AHI. YKL-40 was associated with sigma2 power (r=-0.39, p=0.025) across derivations expressing peak significance with tau. Sobel mediation analyses indicated that both Ptau (t=-2.15, p=0.031) and Ttau (t=-2.36, p=0.018) mediated the relationship between YKL-40 and sigma2 activity at these derivations. SWA was not associated with Ttau, Ptau, or YKL-40. Conclusion These results suggest that age-related increases in central glial activation may disrupt local expression of fast spindles by increasing tau burden, highlighting a potential role for chronic inflammation in sleep deficits observed in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Support Supported by R56 AG052698, P50AG033514
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Lui, K. K., B. A. Mander, S. Radom-Aizik, M. G. Chappel-Farley, A. Dave, I. Y. Chen, R. M. Benca, and A. B. Neikrug. "0335 Frontal Expression of NREM Sleep Oscillations are Associated with Executive Function in Children and Adolescents." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.332.
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Abstract Introduction The prefrontal cortex, an area known for executive functioning (including inhibition and self-monitoring) develops during childhood and adolescents, with a pattern of posterior to anterior brain development. Slow-wave activity (SWA) in NREM sleep, tracks brain development with high SWA power migrating from occipital to frontal region as brain maturation occurs. This pilot study aimed to examine whether slow wave topography is correlated with executive function in youth. Methods Seventeen healthy children and adolescents (ages 11-17; 10 females) underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) with high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG). Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) was administered to assess executive function. SWA (SWA1: 0.5-1 Hz; SWA2: 1-4.5 Hz) and spindle (slow sigma: 11-13 Hz; fast sigma: 13-16 Hz) activity was analyzed with spectral analysis using Welch’s method. BRIEF subscales of inhibition and monitor were correlated with SWA and sigma power across all derivations, with Holm-Bonferroni correction (126 channels). Significant derivations were then controlled for sex and self-reported Tanner stage using multiple regression Results BRIEF-Inhibition scale (i.e., ability to repress impulsivity) and SWA1 in anterior frontal derivations were negatively correlated (R2=0.58, p=0.047 corrected). BRIEF-Monitor scale (i.e., self-perception of one’s own behavior and interpersonal awareness) was negatively correlated with fast sigma in anterior frontal derivations (R2=0.65, p=0.013 corrected). These associations were significant after controlling for sex and Tanner stage. Conclusion These results support the hypothesis that NREM sleep oscillations are associated with executive function and reflect changes in neuroplasticity related to “back-to-front” brain maturation. Future longitudinal studies should combine multi-modal neuroimaging of brain structure and local sleep with comprehensive assessments of executive function to evaluate the possible link between local sleep and development of higher-order cognition in frontal brain regions in youth. Support NCATS grant #UL1TR001414 & PERC Systems Biology Fund
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Zhang, Jing, Lauren Whitehurst, and Sara Mednick. "042 A look at sex differences on sleep’s impact on working memory improvement." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.041.
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Abstract Introduction Studies have shown that sleep affects working memory (WM) improvement, but specific electrophysiological features are unclear (Sattari et al., 2019; MacDonald et al., 2018). In addition, sex differences have been found in both sleep and working memory (Mong, 2016; Harness, 2008). The goal of this study is to identify sex differences in EEG correlates of working memory over a night of sleep. Methods Sixty-three healthy (33 females), college-aged adults without sleep disorder were enrolled. A 32-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) cap was used to record brain activity during sleep. Operation span (OS) task was used to evaluate WM performance. Participants reported to the laboratory in the evening, performed OS before sleep (test1) and after sleep (test2). Trials were divided into easy and hard trials based on the number of letters subjects had to recall. A repeated-measure analysis of variance was conducted to examine the effects of time and trial difficulty. Paired-sample t-tests between test 1 and test 2 were conducted for males and females. Pearson’s correlations were examined between WM performance at test 1 and the difference score between test 1 and test 2 and EEG frequency bands. The Benjamini–Hochberg method was used to control for multiple comparisons. Results There was an increase in performance across the night in WM hard trials across all subjects (F(1,62)=4.86, p=0.03), no effect for easy trials (p>0.05). Females, but not males, showed a significant decrease in easy trials (t62= 2.40, p=0.02), while both males and females showed improvement in hard trials across the night. Females showed a positive correlation between test 1 hard trials and slow sigma, delta, slow oscillation in stage 3, this correlation is not seen in males. No correlations between overnight improvement and EEG bands were found. Conclusion Consistent with previous studies, participants showed better memory performance over a night of sleep, and the WM performance was associated with slow wave activity in females. Slow sigma also plays a role in the WM performance for females, indicating a possible role of sleep spindles. These associations were not shown in males, suggesting sex hormones mediate sleep’s impact on WM performance. Support (if any):
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Bentz, Meghan L., Eve A. Humphrey, Lawrence G. Harshman, and Marta L. Wayne. "Sigma Virus (DMelSV) Incidence in Lines of Drosophila melanogaster Selected for Survival following Infection with Bacillus cereus." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3593509.
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The immune response of Drosophila melanogaster is complex and involves both specific and general responses to parasites. In this study we tested for cross-immunity for bacteria and viruses by scoring the incidence of infection with the vertically transmitted Sigma virus (DMelSV) in the progeny of a cross between females transmitting DMelSV at high frequencies and males from lines subjected to three selection regimes related to resistance to Bacillus cereus. There was no significant difference in transmission of DMelSV among selection regimes, though results suggest that the B. cereus selected lines had lower rates of infection by DMelSV. We found a significant difference in viral infection with respect to the sex of the progeny, with males consistently less likely to be infected than females. Given a finite energy budget, flies that have experienced immune system challenge may show alterations in other life history traits. Later eclosing progeny were also less likely to be infected than earlier eclosing progeny, indicating a relationship with development time. Finally, there was a significant interaction between the timing of collection and the sex of the progeny, such that later eclosing males were the most resistant group. Increased development time is sometimes associated with increased energy acquisition; from this perspective, increased development time may be associated with acquiring sufficient resources for effective resistance.
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Sha, Sha, Juan Hong, Wei-Jun Qu, Zi-Hong Lu, Lin Li, Wen-Feng Yu, and Ling Chen. "Sex-related neurogenesis decrease in hippocampal dentate gyrus with depressive-like behaviors in sigma-1 receptor knockout mice." European Neuropsychopharmacology 25, no. 8 (August 2015): 1275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.04.021.
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Senthilkumar, Dr D., and B. Esha Raffie. "Six Sigma Single Sampling Variables Plan Indexed by Six Sigma AQL and Six Sigma AOQL." International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Management 3, no. 6 (November 17, 2016): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijirem.2016.3.6.6.
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Thuany, Mabliny, Beat Knechtle, Lee Hill, Thomas Rosemann, and Thayse Natacha Gomes. "Running Pace Percentile Values for Brazilian Non-Professional Road Runners." Healthcare 9, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070829.
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Background: The purpose of this study was to establish sex-specific percentile curves and values for the running pace of Brazilian non-professional runners. Methods: The sample comprised 1152 amateur runners aged 18–72 (61.8% males), from the five Brazilian regions. The runners answered an online questionnaire providing information about their biological (sex, age, height, weight) and training (volume and frequency/week, running pace) characteristics. Using 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile, the running pace was computed for women and men by age groups and by running distances (5 km, 10 km, 21 km, and 42 km). Sex- and age-specific percentile curves (10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th) were created through the Lambda Mu Sigma method. Results: For all ages and distance, men performed better than women, and a decrease in the performance was observed across age groups. Among male runners, the beginning of their thirties and the end of their forties seem to be the moments where they observed substantial improvements in running pace; among female runners, this improvement phase was observed to be more pronounced toward the end of their forties. Conclusions: Percentile values of running pace could help coaches during training programs and runners to better understand “how well” they are comparing against their peers.
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Kosyreva, A. M. "The Sex Differences of Morphology and Immunology of SIRS of Newborn Wistar Rats." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (November 6, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/190749.
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The sex differences of infection and inflammatory diseases particularly appear at reproductive age and depend on the sex hormone level, varied between male and female. There are a few sets of data about the sex differences of infection and inflammatory diseases course, including systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis, of newborns. The aim of our research was the estimation of morphological and immunological manifestation of SIRS of the newborn Wistar rats. Investigations were carried out on male and female two-day-old Wistar rats (10–12 g). SIRS was modeled by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (E. coli, O26: B6 strain, Sigma) in high dose—15 mg/kg. We did not find out any sex differences of the liver lesions severity between newborn males and females after LPS injection. The levels of endotoxin and estradiol in the serum, as the number of neutrophils in the intra-alveolar septa of the lungs, were higher in males than females with SIRS. Production of IL-2 and TNF-α by the spleen cells of males was higher than that in control group that reflects polarization predominantly on the Th1-type immune response. The secretion of IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ by ConA activated spleen cells of females decreased that reflects the suppression of Th1-type immune response. We suppose that the LPS administration in the high dose causes the multidirectional reaction of the immune system of neonatal males and females Wistar rats.
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Tomkinson, Grant R., Kevin D. Carver, Frazer Atkinson, Nathan D. Daniell, Lucy K. Lewis, John S. Fitzgerald, Justin J. Lang, and Francisco B. Ortega. "European normative values for physical fitness in children and adolescents aged 9–17 years: results from 2 779 165 Eurofit performances representing 30 countries." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 22 (November 30, 2017): 1445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098253.
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ObjectiveTo develop sex-specific and age-specific normative values for the nine Eurofit tests in European children and adolescents aged 9–17 years.MethodsA systematic review was undertaken to identify papers that explicitly reported descriptive results for at least one of nine Eurofit tests (measuring balance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, muscular power, flexibility, speed, speed-agility and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)) on children and adolescents. Data were included on apparently healthy (free from known disease/injury) children and adolescents aged 9–17 years. Following harmonisation for methodological variation where appropriate, pseudodata were generated using Monte Carlo simulation, with population-weighted sex-specific and age-specific normative centiles generated using the Lambda Mu Sigma (LMS) method. Sex-specific and age-specific differences were expressed as standardised differences in means, with the percentage of children and adolescents with healthy CRF estimated at the sex-age level.ResultsNorms were displayed as tabulated centiles and as smoothed centile curves for the nine Eurofit tests. The final dataset included 2 779 165 results on children and adolescents from 30 European countries, extracted from 98 studies. On average, 78% of boys (95% CI 72% to 85%) and 83% of girls (95% CI 71% to 96%) met the standards for healthy CRF, with the percentage meeting the standards decreasing with age. Boys performed substantially (standardised differences >0.2) better than girls on muscular strength, muscular power, muscular endurance, speed-agility and CRF tests, but worse on the flexibility test. Physical fitness generally improved at a faster rate in boys than in girls, especially during the teenage years.ConclusionThis study provides the largest and most geographically representative sex-specific and age-specific European normative values for children and adolescents, which have utility for health and fitness screening, profiling, monitoring and surveillance.
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J., Thinesh Kumar, Narayanan E., and Arasar Seeralar T. "Time for awareness of centile charts for anthropometry in Indian neonates: need of the hour?" International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, no. 4 (June 22, 2018): 1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20182058.
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Background: There is overestimation and underestimation of babies, the consequence being many AGA neonates labeled as SGA, and LGA neonates being overlooked and misinterpreted by using western based growth charts. So there is necessity to design Indian based growth charts for our babies. The objective is to construct gestational age and sex specific centile charts approximately for birth weight, length and head circumference for neonates born between 33 - 42 weeks of gestation and to compare with the other western growth charts.Methods: All babies were delivered in Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology and nomograms for birth weight, head circumference and length of neonates were noted in time period between July 2016 and June 2017. Gestational age and sex specific smoothened centile curves were created for both sexes separately by Lamda Mu Sigma (LMS) method. Our new centile charts were compared with standard western growth charts.Results: Gestational age and sex specific raw and smoothened curves for birth weight, length and head circumference centiles were created from 8100 (4026 males, 4074 females) neonates. Female neonates were lighter than the male neonates. Birth weights of our Indian babies were lower with no change in length and head circumference centiles across all gestations.Conclusions: The growth charts designed in our study can be used as wide reference charts for birth weight, height and head circumference for Indian ethnic neonates for stratification of neonates into SGA, AGA and LGA unlike western charts, which extrapolates or misclassifies our neonates thereby minimizing unnecessary interventions and complications.
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Torres-McGehee, Toni Marie, Dawn M. Emerson, Erin M. Moore, Stacy E. Walker, Kelly Pritchett, Allison B. Smith, Taylor A. Lyles, Greg Wakefield, and Kacey Ohlemeyer. "Energy Balance, Eating Disorder Risk, and Pathogenic Behaviors Among Athletic Trainers." Journal of Athletic Training 56, no. 3 (February 18, 2021): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0228-20.
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Context Research exists on energy balances (EBs) and eating disorder (ED) risks in physically active populations and occupations by settings, but the EB and ED risk in athletic trainers (ATs) have not been investigated. Objective To assess ATs' energy needs, including the macronutrient profile, and examine ED risk and pathogenic behavioral differences between sexes (men, women) and job statuses (part time or full time) and among settings (college or university, high school, nontraditional). Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Free living in job settings. Patients or Other Participants Athletic trainers (n = 46; male part-time graduate assistant ATs = 12, male full-time ATs = 11, female part-time graduate assistant ATs = 11, female full-time ATs = 12) in the southeastern United States. Main Outcome Measure(s) Anthropometric measures (sex, age, height, weight, body composition), demographic characteristics (job status [full- or part-time AT], job setting [college/university, high school, nontraditional], years of AT experience, exercise background, alcohol use), resting metabolic rate, energy intake (EI), total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), EB, exercise energy expenditure, macronutrients (carbohydrates, protein, fats), the Eating Disorder Inventory-3, and the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 Symptom Checklist. Results The majority of participants (84.8%, n = 39) had an ED risk, with 26.1% (n = 12) engaging in at least 1 pathogenic behavior, 50% (n = 23) in 2 pathogenic behaviors, and 10.8% (n = 5) in >2 pathogenic behaviors. Also, 82.6% of ATs (n = 38) presented in negative EB (EI < TDEE). Differences were found in resting metabolic rate for sex and job status (F1,45 = 16.48, P = .001), EI (F1,45 = 12.01, P = .001), TDEE (F1,45 = 40.36, P < .001), and exercise energy expenditure (F1,38 = 5.353, P = .026). No differences were present in EB for sex and job status (F1,45 = 1.751, P = .193); χ2 analysis revealed no significant relationship between ATs' sex and EB (\(\def\upalpha{\unicode[Times]{x3B1}}\)\(\def\upbeta{\unicode[Times]{x3B2}}\)\(\def\upgamma{\unicode[Times]{x3B3}}\)\(\def\updelta{\unicode[Times]{x3B4}}\)\(\def\upvarepsilon{\unicode[Times]{x3B5}}\)\(\def\upzeta{\unicode[Times]{x3B6}}\)\(\def\upeta{\unicode[Times]{x3B7}}\)\(\def\uptheta{\unicode[Times]{x3B8}}\)\(\def\upiota{\unicode[Times]{x3B9}}\)\(\def\upkappa{\unicode[Times]{x3BA}}\)\(\def\uplambda{\unicode[Times]{x3BB}}\)\(\def\upmu{\unicode[Times]{x3BC}}\)\(\def\upnu{\unicode[Times]{x3BD}}\)\(\def\upxi{\unicode[Times]{x3BE}}\)\(\def\upomicron{\unicode[Times]{x3BF}}\)\(\def\uppi{\unicode[Times]{x3C0}}\)\(\def\uprho{\unicode[Times]{x3C1}}\)\(\def\upsigma{\unicode[Times]{x3C3}}\)\(\def\uptau{\unicode[Times]{x3C4}}\)\(\def\upupsilon{\unicode[Times]{x3C5}}\)\(\def\upphi{\unicode[Times]{x3C6}}\)\(\def\upchi{\unicode[Times]{x3C7}}\)\(\def\uppsy{\unicode[Times]{x3C8}}\)\(\def\upomega{\unicode[Times]{x3C9}}\)\(\def\bialpha{\boldsymbol{\alpha}}\)\(\def\bibeta{\boldsymbol{\beta}}\)\(\def\bigamma{\boldsymbol{\gamma}}\)\(\def\bidelta{\boldsymbol{\delta}}\)\(\def\bivarepsilon{\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}}\)\(\def\bizeta{\boldsymbol{\zeta}}\)\(\def\bieta{\boldsymbol{\eta}}\)\(\def\bitheta{\boldsymbol{\theta}}\)\(\def\biiota{\boldsymbol{\iota}}\)\(\def\bikappa{\boldsymbol{\kappa}}\)\(\def\bilambda{\boldsymbol{\lambda}}\)\(\def\bimu{\boldsymbol{\mu}}\)\(\def\binu{\boldsymbol{\nu}}\)\(\def\bixi{\boldsymbol{\xi}}\)\(\def\biomicron{\boldsymbol{\micron}}\)\(\def\bipi{\boldsymbol{\pi}}\)\(\def\birho{\boldsymbol{\rho}}\)\(\def\bisigma{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}\)\(\def\bitau{\boldsymbol{\tau}}\)\(\def\biupsilon{\boldsymbol{\upsilon}}\)\(\def\biphi{\boldsymbol{\phi}}\)\(\def\bichi{\boldsymbol{\chi}}\)\(\def\bipsy{\boldsymbol{\psy}}\)\(\def\biomega{\boldsymbol{\omega}}\)\(\def\bupalpha{\bf{\alpha}}\)\(\def\bupbeta{\bf{\beta}}\)\(\def\bupgamma{\bf{\gamma}}\)\(\def\bupdelta{\bf{\delta}}\)\(\def\bupvarepsilon{\bf{\varepsilon}}\)\(\def\bupzeta{\bf{\zeta}}\)\(\def\bupeta{\bf{\eta}}\)\(\def\buptheta{\bf{\theta}}\)\(\def\bupiota{\bf{\iota}}\)\(\def\bupkappa{\bf{\kappa}}\)\(\def\buplambda{\bf{\lambda}}\)\(\def\bupmu{\bf{\mu}}\)\(\def\bupnu{\bf{\nu}}\)\(\def\bupxi{\bf{\xi}}\)\(\def\bupomicron{\bf{\micron}}\)\(\def\buppi{\bf{\pi}}\)\(\def\buprho{\bf{\rho}}\)\(\def\bupsigma{\bf{\sigma}}\)\(\def\buptau{\bf{\tau}}\)\(\def\bupupsilon{\bf{\upsilon}}\)\(\def\bupphi{\bf{\phi}}\)\(\def\bupchi{\bf{\chi}}\)\(\def\buppsy{\bf{\psy}}\)\(\def\bupomega{\bf{\omega}}\)\(\def\bGamma{\bf{\Gamma}}\)\(\def\bDelta{\bf{\Delta}}\)\(\def\bTheta{\bf{\Theta}}\)\(\def\bLambda{\bf{\Lambda}}\)\(\def\bXi{\bf{\Xi}}\)\(\def\bPi{\bf{\Pi}}\)\(\def\bSigma{\bf{\Sigma}}\)\(\def\bPhi{\bf{\Phi}}\)\(\def\bPsi{\bf{\Psi}}\)\(\def\bOmega{\bf{\Omega}}\)\({\rm{\chi }}_{1,46}^2\)= 0.0, P = 1.00) and job status and EB (\({\rm{\chi }}_{1,46}^2\) = 2.42, P = .120). No significant relationship existed between Daily Reference Intakes recommendations for all macronutrients and sex or job status. Conclusions These athletic trainers experienced negative EB, similar to other professionals in high-demand occupations. Regardless of sex or job status, ATs had a high ED risk and participated in unhealthy pathogenic behaviors. The physical and mental concerns associated with these findings indicate a need for interventions targeted at ATs' health behaviors.
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Wilbert-Lampen, U., C. Seliger, A. Trapp, F. Straube, and A. Plasse. "Female Sex Hormones Decrease Constitutive Endothelin-1 Release via Endothelial Sigma-1/Cocaine Receptors: An Action Independent of the Steroid Hormone Receptors." Endothelium 12, no. 4 (January 2005): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10623320500227275.
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Hosszu, Adam, Zsuzsanna Antal, Apor Veres-Szekely, Lilla Lenart, Dora Bianka Balogh, Edgar Szkibinszkij, Lilla Illesy, et al. "The role of Sigma-1 receptor in sex-specific heat shock response in an experimental rat model of renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury." Transplant International 31, no. 11 (July 4, 2018): 1268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tri.13293.
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Moreira, P. N., B. Pintado, L. Montoliu, and A. Gutiérrez-Adán. "344ICSI-MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER SKEWS SEX RATIO AGAINST FEMALE BIRTHS IN MICE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab344.
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ICSI-mediated gene transfer has been used as an alternative method to pronuclear microinjection for the genomic modification of many species. With this method, transgenic embryos are produced by the microinjection of metaphase II oocytes with spermatozoa previously incubated with foreign DNA. Recently, it was shown in mice that the low percentage of transgenic animals produced from injected oocytes, results from the fact that the expression of foreign DNA is associated with paternal chromosome degradation (Szczygiel M.A. et al., 2003 Biol. Reprod. 68, 1903–1910). It is also known that sex chromosomes localize preferentially, at least in humans, on the periphery of the sperm nucleus on sub-acrosomal regions (Sbracia M. et al., 2002 Hum. Reprod. 17, 320–324), suggesting a high level of interaction with foreign DNA molecules with possible impact on the sex ratio of the offspring. In order to test this hypothesis we have compared ICSI (no DNA), and with ICSI-mediated EGFP (5Kb plasmid DNA from Clonetech, Spain) transfer, with ICSI-mediated YRT3 (a mouse tyrosinase gene derivative YAC-DNA with 100Kb; Montoliu L. et al., 1996 EMBO) transfer. Gametes were from 6–8 weeks old CD1 mice. ICSI-mediated gene transfer with post-thawed immotile spermatozoa, extended in M2 medium in the absence of ion chelators (EDTA and EGTA), was done as previously described (Szczygiel M.A. et al., 2003 Biol. Reprod. 68, 1903–1910). Table 1 below summarizes the data collected. Relative to our control, sex ratio deviation was a consequence of the coinjection of DNA. Forty-three percent of males were obtained with regular ICSI, whereas 64% and 65% were the respective percentages when EGFP or YRT3 DNA was coinjected with spermatozoa. This statistically significant (P<0.05, z-test, Sigma Stat, Jandel Scientific, USA) sex ratio deviation, favoring male ICSI offspring when foreign DNA is coinjected, may result from a higher female embryo susceptibility to parental sex chromosome fragmentation induced by the interaction with foreign DNA molecules. Possible impairment of X chromosome inactivation and dosage compensation resulting from the fragmentation of the sex chromosome on X-carrying spermatozoa could explain this female embryo degeneration. Supporting this view, it was recently shown in mice that sex ratio can be skewed against female births by a mutation in a single gene of the X chromosome (Tsix) involved in such mechanisms (Lee J.T., 2002 Nat. Genet.). In conclusion, mouse ICSI-mediated gene transfer induces sex ratio deviation favoring male offspring. Table 1 Sex ratio of the offspring obtained with ICSI, ICSI-mediated EGFP transfer, and ICSI-mediated YRT3 transfer
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Stokes, J. E., E. L. Squires, T. K. Suh, J. L. Altermat, and E. M. Carnevale. "129 EFFECT OF DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE OF ICSI-PRODUCED EQUINE EMBRYOS ON PREGNANCY RATES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab129.
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Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) can be used to produce offspring from mares or stallions with fertility problems. Early embryos can be transferred into recipients’ oviducts or embryos can be cultured for nonsurgical transfer into recipients’ uteri. The aim of this research was to evaluate the optimal time to transfer ICSI-produced embryos into recipients’ uteri. The objective was to compare pregnancy rates after the nonsurgical transfer of early morulae, compact morulae, and blastocysts. Oocytes were collected by transvaginal, ultrasound-guided follicular aspirations between 20 and 24 h after administration of deslorelin (1.5 mg, i.v., Francks Pharmacy, Ocala, FL, USA) to donors. Oocytes were cultured for 16 to 18 h in M199 (Invitrogen, San Jose, CA, USA) with 10% FCS (HyClone, Logan, UT, USA), 0.2 mm pyruvate (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 25 μg mL–1 gentamycin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) at 38.5°C and 6% CO2. Cumulus cells were denuded by gentle pipetting, after oocytes were placed into hyaluronidase (500 U mg–1, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA). Oocytes were injected with a single sperm from one of two stallions, with sperm being frozen or sex-sorted and refrozen (Squires EL et al. 2008). Forty-six of 62 (74%) injected oocytes cleaved. The presumptive zygotes were cultured in DMEM/F12 (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) with 10% FCS at 38.5°C and an atmosphere of 5% CO2, 5% O2 and 90% N2. Embryos were placed in fresh medium every 3 days. Injected oocytes were observed for cleavage at 2 days, and embryos were assigned to a transfer group. Embryos were transferred as early morulae (EM, 8-cell to precompaction stage, n = 14), compact morulae (CM, postcompaction, n = 10) or blastocysts (B, observed blastocoele, n = 9) into recipients at 3 to 5 days (EM), 3 to 6 days (CM) or 5 to 6 days (B) after the recipient’s ovulation or follicle aspiration. Pregnancy scans were performed on Day 12, 14, and 16 after ICSI, and pregnant recipients were examined until 30 days to detect the embryo proper and heartbeat. Number of embryonic vesicles detected per transferred embryo was determined by Fisher’s Exact Test. Pregnancy rates differed (P = 0.0017) among groups (EM, 1/14, 7%; CM, 4/10, 40%; B, 7/9, 78%), with fewer (P = 0.001) EM than B resulting in embryonic vesicles; however, pregnancy rates were not significantly different between CM and other embryo stages. An embryo proper with heartbeat was observed for all pregnancies, with the exception of one pregnancy resulting from the transfer of a blastocyst. In this study, all blastocysts were transferred prior to the embryo attempting to hatch from the zona pellucida, but after the appearance of a distinct blastoceole. In our study, pregnancy rates were higher after the transfer of later v. earlier stages of embryo development.
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Rocha, J. C. M. C., H. Tonhati, M. M. Alencar, and R. B. Lôbo. "Genetic parameters estimates for gestation length in beef cattle." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 57, no. 6 (December 2005): 784–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352005000600013.
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Variance components were estimated for gestation length fitting the additive direct effect of calf, maternal genetic effect and sire effect as random effects. The statistical models also included the fixed effects of contemporary group, that included the date of breeding (AI), date of birth, and sex of calf, and the covariate age of dam at calving (linear and quadratic). Two different models were used, model 1 considering GL as a trait of the calf, and model 2 considering GL as a trait of the dam. The means of gestation length for the purebred animals were 294.55 days (males) and 293.34 days (females), while for the crossbred animals they were 292.49 days (males) and 292.55 days (females). Variance components for the purebred animals, fitting model 1, were 14.47, 72.78 and 57.31, for the additive genetic (sigma2a), total phenotypic (sigma2p) and residual (sigma2e) effects, respectively, with a heritability estimate of 0.21. For the crossbred animals, variance components for sigma2a, sigma2p, sigma2e were 90.40, 127.35 and 36.95, respectively, with a heritability of 0.71. Fitting model 2, the estimated variance components for the purebred animals were 12.78, 5.01, 74.84 and 57.05 for sigma2a , sire of calf (sigma ²asire), sigma2p, and sigma2e , respectively. The sire effect accounted for 0.07 (c²) of the phenotypic variance and the coefficient of repeatability was 0.17. For the crossbred animals, the variance components were 22.11 (sigma2a ), 22.97 (sigma ²asire ), 127.70 (sigma2p) and 82.61 (sigma2e), while c² was 0.18 and repeatability was 0.17. Therefore, regarding selection of beef cattle, it is suggested to use the heritability estimate obtained by model 1, where GL is considered as a trait of the calf.
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Tam, Lydia, Derek Yecies, Michelle Han, Sebastien Toescu, Jason Wright, Kshitij Mankad, Chang Ho, et al. "IMG-13. MRI-BASED RADIOMICS PROGNOSTIC MARKERS OF POSTERIOR FOSSA EPENDYMOMA." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_3 (December 1, 2020): iii357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.348.
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Abstract PURPOSE Posterior fossa ependymomas (PFE) are common pediatric brain tumors often assessed with MRI before surgery. Advanced radiomic analysis show promise in stratifying risk and outcome in other pediatric brain tumors. Here, we extracted high-dimensional MRI features to identify prognostic, image-based, radiomics markers of PFE and compared its performance to clinical variables. METHODS 93 children from five centers (median age=3.3yrs; 59 males; mean PFS=50mos) were included. Tumor volumes were manually contoured on T1-post contrast and T2-weighted MRI for PyRadiomics feature extraction. Features include first-order statistics, size, shape, and texture metrics calculated on the original, log-sigma, and wavelet transformed images. Progression free survival (PFS) served as outcome. 10-fold cross-validation of a LASSO Cox regression was used to predict PFS. Model performance was analyzed and concordance metric (C) was determined using clinical variable (age at diagnosis and sex) only, radiomics only, and radiomics plus clinical variable. RESULTS Six radiomic features were selected (all T1): 1 first-order kurtosis (log-sigma) and 5 texture features (3 wavelet, 2 original). This model demonstrated significantly higher performance than a clinical model alone (C: 0.69 vs 0.58, p<0.001). Adding clinical features to the radiomic features didn’t improve prediction (p=0.67). For patients with molecular subtyping (n=48), adding this feature to the clinical plus radiomics models significantly improved performance over clinical features alone (C = 0.79 vs. 0.66, p=0.02). Further validation and model refinement with additional datasets are ongoing. CONCLUSION Our pilot study shows potential role for MRI-based radiomics and machine learning for PFE risk stratification and as radiographic biomarkers.
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Zhu, Xuetong, Kaijin Wang, Qi Zhou, Wenjia Guo, Yanan Jia, and Jiancheng Xu. "Age- and Sex-Specific Pediatric Reference Intervals of Serum Electrolytes in Jilin Province of China Using the A Priori Approach." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 154, no. 5 (August 31, 2020): 708–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa093.
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Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to establish age- and sex-specific pediatric reference intervals of serum potassium (K), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P) using a direct sampling technique. Methods In accordance with the a priori approach, healthy individuals (n = 6,466, aged 1 month to <18 years) were enrolled from five regions in Jilin Province, China, and all analytes were performed in the center laboratory. Reference intervals were divided according to the regression tree and Harris and Boyd’s method, and then they were calculated by the nonparametric rank method. The dynamic changes of reference intervals were evaluated by the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method. Results Reference intervals of serum Na and Ca were divided into three age-specific partitions. The concentrations of K, Cl, and Mg remained stable with age. However, only dramatic sex-specific changes of P were shown in those 11 to less than 13 years old and 13 to less than 15 years old, with an earlier peak time in females than in males. The correlation between Na and Cl was the strongest among all serum electrolytes (r = 0.31). Conclusions Serum electrolyte reference intervals for children and adolescents were established by regression tree, z test, and the LMS method, which provide a more accurate interpretation for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of clinical pediatric diseases.
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Jacinto, Tiago, Rita Amaral, Andrei Malinovschi, Christer Janson, João Fonseca, and Kjell Alving. "Exhaled NO reference limits in a large population-based sample using the Lambda-Mu-Sigma method." Journal of Applied Physiology 125, no. 5 (November 1, 2018): 1620–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00093.2018.
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Absolute values are used in the interpretation of the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), but it has been suggested that equations to calculate reference values may be a practical and clinically useful approach. We hypothesize that the application of the Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method may improve FeNO reference equations and their interpretation. Our aims were to develop FeNO reference equations with the LMS method and to describe the difference between this method and the absolute fixed cut-offs of the current recommendations. We utilized the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2007–2012 and included healthy individuals with no respiratory diseases and blood eosinophils <300/mm3 ( n = 8,340). Natural log-transformed FeNO was modeled using the LMS method, imbedded in the generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape models. A set of FeNO reference equations was developed. The explanatory variables were sex, age, height, smoking habits, and race/ethnicity. A significant proportion of individuals with normal FeNO given by the equations were classified as having intermediate levels by the current recommendations. Further lower predicted FeNO compared with previous linear models was seen. In conclusion, we suggest a novel model for the prediction of reference FeNO values that can contribute to the interpretation of FeNO in clinical practice. This approach should be further validated in large samples with an objective measurement of atopy and a medical diagnosis of asthma and rhinitis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Novel reference equations and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO)-predicted values to improve interpretation of FeNO in clinical practice are presented. These may increase the accuracy of ruling out airway inflammation in patients with asthma or suspected asthma.
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Camargo, L. S. A., J. H. M. Viana, A. A. Ramos, W. F. de Sa, A. M. Ferreira, J. F. Fonseca, and V. R. Vale Filho. "240 GESTATION LENGTH AND BIRTH WEIGHT OF IN VITRO PRODUCED EMBRYOS FROM ZEBU DAIRY CATTLE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 2 (2005): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv17n2ab240.
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Gir cattle are a popular zebu dairy breed in tropical and subtropical regions because of their tolerance of heat stress and resistance to tick-borne disease. The use of in vitro embryo production (IVP) technology may help accelerate genetic improvement of this breed. However, in general, IVP systems have been implicated in the production of large offspring and a greater proportion of male calves. Natural breeding results in newborn Gir calves weighing around 25 kg despite the fact that dams may weigh over 500 kg. It is unknown whether in vitro-produced Gir embryos also result in large offspring. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of in vitro embryo production on gestation length, birth weight, and sex ratio in Gir cattle. COCs were harvested by oocyte pickup from mature non-lactating Gir cows and in vitro-matured in TCM 199 medium (Gibco, Sao Paulo, Brazil) with 10% inactivated estrous cow serum for 24 h under 5% CO2 at 38.5°C in air. Gir spermatozoa were obtained through the swim-up method and co-incubated with oocytes in Fert-TALP media (Parrish JJ et al. 1988 Biol. Reprod. 38, 1171–1180) with 10 μg/mL heparin (Sigma, Sao Paulo, Brazil) and 6 mg/mL fatty acid-free bovine albumin (Sigma) for 18 h in 5% CO2 at 38.5°C in air. Presumptive zygotes were co-cultured with their own cumulus cells in CR2aa medium (Wilkinson RF et al. 1996 Theriogenology 45, 41–49) with 10% fetal calf serum in humid atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 38.5°C in air. Fresh Day 7 blastocysts were transferred to synchronized B. indicus × B. taurus crossbred recipients. Data of gestation length, birth weight, and gender ratio from 26 IVP calves (IVP group) were recorded and compared to data obtained from Gir calves produced by artificial insemination or natural mating (n = 24; control group) using ANOVA or chi-square analysis. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in gestation length between pregnancies of the IVP and control groups (mean ± SEM, 285.4 ± 1.5 vs. 284.4 ± 1.1 days, respectively). IVP and control calves showed similar (P > 0.05) weight at calving (29.6 ± 0.9 vs. 26.9 ± 1.2 kg for IVP and control male calves, and 27.0 ± 2.5 vs. 25.2 ± 0.5 kg for IVP and control female calves, respectively). The percentage of male calves was greater (P < 0.05) in the IVP group than in the control group (76.9% vs. 43.4%, respectively). IVP calves did not show abnormalities associated with Large Offspring Syndrome, such as breathing difficulty and perinatal death. These data suggest that in vitro production may affect the development of Gir embryos, biasing the sex ratio in a manner similar to previously reported for in vitro-produced embryos from Bos taurus breeds. This work was supported by FAPEMIG and CNPq.
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Ramírez-Vélez, Robinson, Antonio García-Hermoso, Alicia María Alonso-Martínez, César Agostinis-Sobrinho, Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista, Héctor Reynaldo Triana-Reina, and Mikel Izquierdo. "Cardiorespiratory Fitness Normative Values in Latin-American Adolescents: Role of Fatness Parameters." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 14, 2019): 3889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203889.
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The aim of this study was to provide percentile values for a cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) field test for Latin-American adolescents (34,461 girls and 38,044 boys) aged 13 to 15 years. The role of fatness parameters on the CRF level across age groups was also examined, with a focus on non-obese (healthy) and obese groups. CRF was assessed using the 20-meter shuttle run test protocol. Anthropometric parameters were measured using body mass index z-score (body mass index (BMI) z-score), BMI, waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Participants were categorized according to the BMI z-score, WC, and WHtR international cut-off points as healthy and obese. Age- and sex-specific reference tables for the 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th centile scores were calculated using Cole’s lambda, mu, and sigma method. The prevalence of obesity according to the BMI z-score, WC, and WHtR was 9.6%, 11.2%, and 15.0%, respectively. Across all age and sex groups, a negative association was found between relative peak oxygen uptake ( V ˙ O2peak) and BMI, WC, and WHtR. In boys and girls there were higher levels of performance across all age groups, with most apparent gains between the ages of 13 and 14 years old. Overall, participants categorized in the healthy group had shown to have significantly higher V ˙ O2peak than their obese counterparts (p < 0.001; Cohen’s d > 1.0). In conclusion, our study provides age- and sex-specific reference values for CRF ( V ˙ O2peak, mL·kg−1·min−1). The anthropometric parameters were inversely associated with CRF in all ages in both sexes. The obese group had worse CRF than their healthy counterparts independent of anthropometric parameters used to determine obesity.
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Kasović, Mario, Lovro Štefan, Boris Neljak, Vilko Petrić, and Damir Knjaz. "Reference Data for Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass Measured by Bioelectrical Impedance in Croatian Youth." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 11, 2021): 8501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168501.
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Fat mass and fat-free mass have become useful clinical indices in determining healthy growth and physical development during critical periods of childhood and adolescence; however, despite a wide range of nutritional surveillance its study is limited by a lack of reference data. The purpose of this study was to establish sex-specific and age-specific standards for fat mass and fat-free mass in a large sample of Croatian children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, we collected data from 12,678 participants aged 11 to 18 years old (mean age ± standard deviation (SD): 14.17 ± 2.25 years; height 164.56 ± 11.31 cm; weight: 57.45 ± 13.73 kg; body mass index: 21.24 ± 3.67 kg/m2; 53% girls). Fat mass and fat-free mass were measured three times by bioelectrical impedance. The Lambda, Mu and Sigma methods were used to create percentile charts for fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI; fat mass and fat-free mass divided by height2). Sex and age differences were calculated using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc comparisons. Boys had lower FMI (from 2.66 to 3.89) and higher FFMI values (from 16.90 to 17.80) in all age groups, compared to girls (for FMI from 2.79 to 5.17 and for FFMI from 14.50 to 14.90, p < 0.001). In boys, FMI slightly declined until the age of 14, after which an increase from the age of 15 to 18 was observed. In girls, FMI gradually increased from the age of 11 to 18 (p < 0.001). In general, FFMI increased by age in boys [F(7,5440) = 52.674, p < 0.001], while girls had more stable FFMI across all age groups [F(7,7222) = 2.728, p = 0.057]. The newly established sex-specific and age-specific reference data could be used for national surveillance and to screen for children and adolescents with high FMI and low FFMI.
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Carnevale, E. M., J. K. Graham, T. K. Suh, J. E. Stokes, and E. L. Squires. "261 FOALS PRODUCED AFTER ICSI USING FROZEN, SEX-SORTED, REFROZEN SPERM." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab261.
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Obtaining adequate numbers of sex-selected sperm for uterine inseminations can be difficult, especially if fresh semen is not available or sperm numbers are limited. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) requires minimal sperm numbers and can be used for the assisted fertilization of oocytes. The objectives of this study were to: (1) thaw, sex-sort, and refreeze semen, and (2) determine if cleavage rates of oocytes were similar after ICSI using frozen v. frozen, thawed, sex-sorted, and refrozen sperm. The final aim was to produce foals by ICSI using sex-sorted sperm. Light-horse mares between 3 and 15 years were used as oocyte donors. When a follicle 30 to 35 mm and endometrial edema was imaged using ultrasound, deslorelin (1.5 mg, i.m., Franck’s Pharmacy, Ocala, FL, USA) was administered to induce follicular maturation. Between 20 and 24 h after deslorelin, oocytes from preovulatory follicles were collected by transvaginal, ultrasound-guided follicular aspirations. Oocytes were cultured for 16 to 18 h in TCM 199 with 10% FCS, 0.2 mm pyruvate at 38.5°C and in an atmosphere of 6% CO2. Semen from a single ejaculate of two stallions was frozen for the experiment. Some of the frozen semen (control) was thawed and used for ICSI. Sperm from other straws were thawed, sex-sorted by flow cytometry, treated with cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin, and refrozen in a skim milk-egg yolk diluent containing 0.52 m dimethyl formamide before thawing for ICSI. Sperm were thawed by cutting a thin section of a straw under liquid nitrogen; the straw section was dropped directly into medium at 38.5°C. Sperm were incubated for 10 min, before 1 μL of supernatant was removed and placed into a 5 μL drop of medium with 5% polyvinylpyrrolidone. From the droplet, sperm with progressive motility and normal morphology by visual inspection were selected for ICSI. Injected oocytes were placed in DMEM/F12 with 10% FCS for 48 h (±2 h) before assessment of cleavage. Numbers of cleaved per injected oocytes were compared by Fisher’s Exact Test and were lower (P < 0.001) for sex-sorted, refrozen sperm than for frozen control sperm (6/20, 30% and 15/18, 83%, respectively). At the completion of the project, three additional oocytes were injected with X-bearing sperm. The injected oocytes cleaved and developed into embryos under culture conditions [DMEM/F12 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) with 10% FCS at 38.5°C and an atmosphere of 5% CO2, 5% O2 and 90% N2]. The resulting morula, blastocyst, and expanded blastocyst were transferred nonsurgically into recipients’ uteri. Pregnancies were established in recipients receiving the morula and expanded blastocyst, and two fillies were born in July 2008. Both foals appeared normal at birth; however, one foal became septic and was euthanized before 2 weeks of age. In this study, frozen, thawed, sex-sorted, and refrozen sperm were successfully incorporated into an ICSI program to produce early-stage embryos and sex-selected foals.
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Wiwanitkit, Viroj. "Six Sigma: Application for Health Management." Journal of Advanced Research in Quality Control & Management 4, no. 1 (August 17, 2019): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2582.3280.201905.
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Díez, C., P. Bermejo-Alvarez, A. Gutiérrez-Adan, J. N. Caamaño, M. Muñoz, S. Carrocera, D. Martín, and E. Gómez. "264 TESTOSTERONE IN THE OOCYTE CULTURE DOES NOT ALTER SEX-RATIO OF IN VITRO PRODUCED BOVINE EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab264.
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The production of sex-known offspring is a main objective in reproductive biotechnology. It has been reported that bovine ova developed in follicles with high concentrations of testosterone in vivo yielded significantly more male embryos in vitro (Grant V et al. 2008 Biol. Reprod. 78, 812–815). In this work we aimed to test the effects of testosterone on sex ratio of bovine embryos produced in fully in vitro conditions. Immature bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs; n = 750) from slaughterhouse ovaries were cultured in 199 HNaCO3 with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 0.1 mg mL–1 as a basic medium. Culture was made in two steps, a 24 h meiotic arrest (roscovitine 25 μm), and a subsequent in vitro maturation period with FSH-LH for 24 h. Testosterone (T-86500, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was added throughout the entire oocyte culture at 0, 30, 300, and 1500 nm. After in vitro fertilization (Day 0), zygotes were freed of cumulus cells by pipetting, and subsequently cultured in SOF + 6 g L–1 BSA up to Day 3. At this time, embryo development was recorded, and all embryos having 3 or more cells were treated with pronase to remove the zona pellucida. Zona-free embryos were washed in PBS containing PVA 0.1 mg mL–1 and individually frozen at –80°C until sex analysis by PCR (Bermejo-Alvarez P et al. 2008 Biol. Reprod. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.108.070169). A total of 252 embryos from 5 replicates were sexed. Data for development and sex-ratio are presented as % LSM ± SD. There were no interactions between testosterone treatment, embryonic sex, and embryonic stage analyzed. Testosterone did not affect development rates (P > 0.05) at any stage: cleavage (47.8 ± 6.8, 56.5 ± 6.8; 50.9 ± 6.8; 62.2 ± 6.8), 3 to 4 cells (40.6 ± 5.2, 45.8 ± 5.2; 37.8 ± 5.2; 47.7 ± 5.2) and >5 cells rates (24.5 ± 4; 27.3 ± 4; 21.3 ± 4; 25.3 ± 4) for 0, 30, 300, and 1500 nm testosterone, respectively. Cumulative percentages of male embryos were as follows: 53 ± 8 (n = 56), 42.6 ± 8 (n = 52), 53.6 ± 6 (n = 81) and 57.6 ± 8 (n = 63) for 0, 30, 300, and 1500 nm groups respectively (P > 0.05). These results show that the testosterone effects on oocyte ability to select Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa are not reproducible in vitro under the present experimental conditions. Grant support: MEC, project AGL2008-01530; RTA2008-0082; M. Muoz is supported by FICYT.
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Alonso, R. V., J. A. A. Hellú, S. H. V. Perri, J. A. Visintin, and J. F. Garcia. "258 FACTORS AFFECTING COMMERCIAL SEXING PROGRAM AND MULTIPLE GENETIC ANALYSIS PERSPECTIVES OF IN VITRO-PRODUCED BOVINE EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab258.
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The present study aimed to evaluate the interactions among different factors on the viability and sex ratio of in vitro-produced (IVP) bovine embryos, submitted to a large scale sexing program. Additionally, whole genome amplification (WGA) technology was used to amplify genomic DNA from IVP bovine embryo biopsies, in order to perform multiple genetic analyses. The survey was performed in a 4650 IVP bovine sexed embryo database. Embryos were biopsied by a microaspiration technique and sex was determined by PCR of DNA from the biopsy. Only female embryos were transferred to synchronized recipients. Pregnancy diagnosis and fetal sex determination were carried out by ultrasound. The variables were classified in accordance with embryo sex (male, female, and indeterminate), five laboratories (A, B, C, D, and E), six bovine breeds (Nellore, Brahman, Girolando, Simmental, Holstein, and Jersey), embryo stage (MO, EB, BL, XB, and HB), embryo quality (1, 2, and 3) and biopsy quality (“standard” and “nonstandard”). The statistical analysis was carried out by association chi-square test, chi-square for a 1:1 ratio, and logistic regression analysis (PROC LOGISTIC) of SAS. PCR showed 93.3% efficiency, 93.2% accuracy, and male and female rates of 52.9% and 47.1%, respectively. Mortality rate of biopsied embryos was 10.3% and pregnancy rate was 31.7%. Significant differences were not observed between male and female viability, although indeterminate embryos resulted in more death after micromanipulation. For quality 2 and 3 embryos, the mortality rate after biopsy was 3.19 and 11.37 fold higher, respectively, than for quality 1 embryos. For embryos whose biopsies were classified as nonstandard, the embryonic mortality rate was 3.6-fold higher than standard ones. Mortality rate was not affected by embryo stage at biopsy (P > 0.05). Although sex ratio was significantly skewed to male embryos, differences were not observed among laboratories (P > 0.05) and breeds (P > 0.05) on the sex ratio of IVP bovine embryos. To test the feasibility of using WGA method for multiple genetic analysis, biopsies from 28 IVP embryos were submitted to the GenomePlex Single Cell System (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Aliquots from each DNA sample were purified using column chromatography and submitted to PCR using sexing primers BRY4a, SRY, UMN0920, and S4B. PCR was successful and in agreement among tested DNA aliquots from each single biopsy. The WGA strategy used herein was a useful tool for applications involving restricted amounts of starting genetic material (DNA), such as in preimplantation genetic diagnosis using IVP bovine embryos. To FAPESP and UNESP.
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Anitha Roy, Geetha R V, Anitha Magesh, Senthilkumar Sivanesan, and Vijayaraghavan R. "Effectiveness of amikacin administered by autoinjector compared to manual injection on infected excision wound model of Wistar rats." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (September 28, 2020): 5701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3213.
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To evaluate the effectiveness of amikacin administered by autoinjector compared to manual injection on infected excision wound model of Wistar rats. Randomly bred 14 Wistar rats of either sex weighing 180 to 230 g were used for the present study. The study has the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used for infecting the wounds.1 mL of blood was withdrawn aseptically from the orbital sinus under isoflurane anaesthesia, and the biochemical parameters were carried out. All results were expressed as mean ± SEM, and the results were compared statistically by one-way ANOVA using Sigma Plot 13. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The biochemical parameters in the study was more or less similar. The infected rats treated with amikacin showed faster wound contraction compared to control. This study concludes the effectiveness of amikacin administered through autoinjectors and manual injection in infected excision wound model as similar. Therefore, amikacin autoinjector is a better choice to manual injection to overcome from wound infections if it is administered at the right time in case of emergency or whenever required. Injury and wound infection are common in natural and manmade disasters. Serious bacterial wound infections are a potential threat to open injuries. As accessibility to the primary health centre or hospital may not be easy or possible during disasters and to overcome such a situation, an antibacterial autoinjector would be useful.
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Lucio, A. C., M. V. Resende, J. A. Dernowsek-Meirelles, A. P. Perini, I. P. S. Diaz, L. Z. Oliveira, A. S. Carmo, et al. "370 ASSESSMENT OF SWIM-UP AND Percoll DENSITY GRADIENT FOR SPERM SEX PRESELECTION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab370.
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The low cost of sperm sexing methods combined with in vitro embryo production in genetic improvement programs can increase the profitability of cattle production, in particular when it does not decrease reproductive efficiency. The aim of this work was to evaluate the sex ratio deviation of thawed bovine semen processed by density gradient centrifugation and swim-up. Semen doses were collected from ten bulls of different breeds, and each experimental group was replicated ten times.A Percoll™ gradient was prepared by mixing Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM; Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) isotonic solutions with Percoll™ (GE Healthcare Bio-Science AB, Uppsala, Sweden) stock solution with 0.3% BSA, resulting in densities ranging from 1.110 to 1.123 g mL-1. The layers of discontinuous density gradient were disposed from the larger density (bottom of the tube) to the smaller into 15-mL conical centrifuge tubes. About 40 million sperm were overlaid on Percoll™ gradient and were centrifuged at 500 g for 15 min, at 22°C.The thawed semen samples were deposited in 15-mL conical centrifuge tubes containing 5 mLof DMEM and centrifuged twice at 300 g for 5 min for extender removal. After the second centrifugation, the supernatant was discarded and the sediment diluted in 1.0 mL of DMEM supplemented with 0.3% BSA. The tube was maintained in an incubator at 38.5°C and 5% CO2 for 1 h. One milliliter of supernatant was recovered and evaluated for the sperm motility and vigor. Eighty million sperm were submitted to the swim-up method. For the association of density gradient and swim-up, the swim-up supernatant was recovered and overlaid on Percoll™ gradient. The gradients were centrifuged and the sperm pellet recovered. The recovered sperm were submitted to DNA extraction with phenol-chloroform. Quantitative Real Time PCR (Parati et al. 2006 Theriogenology 66, 2202-2209) was used for the determination of the proportion of X-chromosome-bearing sperm, after centrifugation through density gradient and after swim-up. The results of amplification were analyzed in 7500 Sequence Detection System Software (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA), using Relative Quantification (Ct) Study assay. The results of X-sorted sperm samples analyzed by multiple pairwise comparisons (Tukey) were not different (P > 0.05). The percentage of X-chromosome-bearing sperm after the density gradient comprised 50.3% of the sample, after the swim-up was 49.9% and after swim-up combined with Percoll™ gradient centrifugation was 56.6%. Therefore, sperm sex selection using Percoll™ gradient centrifugation and swim-up was not effective.
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Gawande, Mr K. R., and Prof Dr Rajeev V. V. "Roadmap of Six Sigma for Engineering Colleges." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-1, Issue-6 (October 31, 2017): 977–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd5725.
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Karwande, Ravindra L. "Six Sigma Approach for Indian Manufacturing Industry." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP7 (July 25, 2020): 2469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp7/20202378.
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Senthilkumar, Dr D., and B. Esha Raffie. "Six Sigma Modified Quick Switching Variables Sampling System of type SSMQSVSS (nT, nN; k) Indexed by Six Sigma Quality Levels." International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Management 04, no. 02 (March 2017): 624–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijirem.2017.4.2.4.
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Aylamazyan, Edvard K., Gulrukhsor Kh Tolibova, Tatyana G. Tral, Igor U. Kogan, Mariya I. Yarmolinskaya, Anna A. Tsipurdeeva, Valeriia R. Rodichkina, and Igor M. Kvetnoy. "New approaches to the estimation of endometrial dysfunction." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 66, no. 3 (June 15, 2017): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd6638-15.
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Introduction. The application of modern methods for assessing the morphofunctional state of the endometrium to verify and study the expression of sex steroid hormones, proinflammatory markers and markers of angiogenesis using confocal laser scanning microscopy will allow an objective study of the role of studied markers in the pathogenesis of the endometrial dysfunction.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of ER and PR receptors in endometrium in patients with endometrial dysfunction.
Material and methods. Endometrial biopsy specimens obtained with the aid of a pile-biopsy or a scraping from the uterine cavity are used to conduct the method of immunofluorescent confocal laser scanning microscopy. It is possible to use both cryostat material and paraffin blocks to provide the immunohistochemical analysis. Monoclonal antibodies to ER (1 : 60, Dako, Denmark) and PR (1 : 50, Dako, Denmark) are used as primary antibodies, antibodies conjugated with fluorochrome Alexa Fluor 647 (1 : 1000, Abcam, England) are used as secondary antibodies). Hoechst 33258 (Sigma, USA) is used for staining of cell nuclei.
Results. A method of confocal laser scanning microscopy makes it possible to conduct qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the studied markers in different structures of the endometrium.
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Sun, Yi, Xiaojian Yin, Yuqiang Li, Cunjian Bi, Ming Li, Xiaofang Yang, Ting Zhang, and Feng Zhang. "Normative Values for Muscular Fitness for Chinese Children and Adolescents Aged 7–18 Years." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 29, 2020): 6078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156078.
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The primary aim of this study was to establish sex and age-specific muscular fitness (MF) norms for Chinese children and adolescents aged 7–18 years old. The secondary aim was to compare their MF values with those of children and adolescents in other countries and regions. The MF of 93,755 participants from China was evaluated by handgrip strength (upper limbs strength), sit-ups (trunk strength) and a standing broad jump (lower limbs strength), with a total of 90,424, 90,281 and 90,663 data values, respectively. The Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method was used to calculate smooth curves and table data. The MF of Chinese boys was higher than that of girls in all age groups. After the age of 11, the growth rate of boys accelerated while that of girls slowed down. Age-related changes were larger for boys than for girls. In the international comparison, all the MF indicators of Chinese children and adolescents were lower than those of their Japanese peers but were higher than those of their European peers, with the exception of handgrip strength. The results of this study can be used to evaluate, monitor and apply interventions that improve MF. They can also be used to compare trends across countries and regions.
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Quanjer, Philip H., André Capderou, Mumtaz M. Mazicioglu, Ashutosh N. Aggarwal, Sudip Datta Banik, Stevo Popovic, Francis A. K. Tayie, Mohammad Golshan, Mary S. M. Ip, and Marc Zelter. "All-age relationship between arm span and height in different ethnic groups." European Respiratory Journal 44, no. 4 (July 25, 2014): 905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00054014.
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The objective of the present study was to establish multiethnic, all-age prediction equations for estimating stature from arm span in males and females.The arm span/height ratio (ASHR) from 13 947 subjects (40.9% females), aged 5–99 years, from nine centres (in China, Europe, Ghana, India and Iran) was used to predict ASHR as a function of age using the lambda, mu and sigma method. Z-scores for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC in 1503 patients were calculated using measured height and height calculated from arm span and age.ASHR varied nonlinearly with age, was higher in males than in females and differed significantly between the nine sites. The data clustered into four groups: Asia, Europe, Ghana and Iran. Average predicted FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC using measured or predicted height did not differ, with standard deviations of 4.6% for FEV1, 5.0% for FVC and 0.3% for FEV1/FVC. The percentages of disparate findings for a low FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC in patients, calculated using measured or predicted height, were 4.2%, 3.2% and 0.4%, respectively; for a restrictive pattern, there were 1.0% disparate findings.Group- and sex-specific equations for estimating height from arm span and age to derive predicted values for spirometry are clinically useful.
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Tsimpanouli, M., R. D. Chervin, and S. V. Gliske. "0051 Respiratory Cycle-Related EEG Changes (RCREC) Predict Incidence and Recurrence of Cardiovascular Disease." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.050.
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Abstract Introduction Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a common sleep disturbance and is associated with both incident and recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD). Respiratory Cycle-Related EEG Changes (RCREC), an SDB biomarker, are thought to reflect inspiratory microarousals and are based on quantitative analysis of sleep EEG and breathing. The objective of this study was to assess whether RCREC may predict CVD incidence or recurrence in a large cohort of adults. The RCREC for several frequency bands have been previously shown to predict either higher or lower all-cause mortality in the same cohort. Methods Data were obtained from the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS), a multicenter longitudinal study that included polysomnograms in middle-aged to older adults. Information about CVD events was collected at baseline and for up to 16 years later. The RCREC values at baseline were computed in the delta, theta, alpha, sigma, beta, and gamma frequency bands during scored epochs of sleep. Cox Proportional Hazard models, were used to assess the relation of each RCREC frequency band and incidence or recurrence of CVD. These models were stratified by sex and adjusted for body-mass index, age, race, smoking status, diabetic status, hypertensive status, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Results There were 3,032 adults with sufficient data quality (mean age at baseline 62±11(SD) years, 58% female). Among 2,500 adults with no reported prior CVD history at baseline, the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for delta RCREC 0.948(0.920–0.977), theta RCREC 0.938(0.895–0.984), and alpha RCREC 0.946(0.902–0.993) separately suggested associations with lower CVD incidence, whereas gamma RCREC 1.017(1.001–1.032) predicted a marginal increase. Among 532 adults having prior CVD history at baseline, delta RCREC 0.958(0.927–0.989) and sigma RCREC 0.931(0.895–0.969) separately predicted decreased CVD recurrence. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was not similarly predictive in any model. Conclusion The RCREC for several frequency bands, in contrast to AHI, may predict CVD incidence and recurrence. The directionality of the association was surprising and merits further exploration. Support NIH:NCATS-TL1-TR-002242, BD2K-K01-ES-026839, HL105999
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Ricci, Anna, Fan He, Magdy Younes, Susan Calhoun, Jidong Fang, Lyndsey Houser, Alexandros Vgontzas, Duanping Liao, Edward Bixler, and Julio Fernandez-Mendoza. "151 Sex Differences in the Maturational Trajectories of Sleep Spindles in the Transition from Childhood to Adolescence." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.150.
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Abstract Introduction Sleep spindles occur as bursts of EEG activity in the sigma (11-16 Hz) frequency range and are purported biomarkers of cortical development. However, the few studies examining maturational changes in sleep spindles are limited by small samples and/or short follow-up periods. Thus, large longitudinal population-based studies are needed to determine their developmental trajectories as the child transitions to adolescence. Methods We analyzed the sleep EEG of 572 un-medicated subjects aged 6-21 (47.6% female, 25.9% racial/ethnic minority), of whom 332 were 5-12 years at baseline and followed-up at ages 12-22. Multivariable-adjusted models tested the cross-sectional and longitudinal trajectories of sleep spindle density, frequency, and power. Results From age 6 to 21, the trajectory of sleep spindle density was best fit by a quadratic model (p=0.02), particularly in males (p-quadratic=0.05). Females maintained more stable levels of sleep spindle density (p-linear=0.26), as shown by a longitudinal increase 37.6% lower than males by age 14 (p=0.01). Sleep spindle frequency increased (p-linear<0.01), while sleep spindle power decreased (p-linear<0.01), from age 6 to 21. The trajectory of sleep spindle frequency diverged between females (p-linear<0.01) and males (p-quadratic=0.02), in whom it plateaued by age 15 onwards. Females had experienced a longitudinal increase in sleep spindle frequency 2.4% higher than males by age 20-22 (p=0.05). Males had experienced a steeper decreasing slope in sleep spindle power (p-linear<0.01) than females (p-linear=0.12), as confirmed by a longitudinal decline 25.4% greater than females by age 19 (p=0.02). Conclusion Sleep spindle metrics follow distinct maturational trajectories from each other and from other EEG oscillations (e.g., slow wave activity). The increase in sleep spindle density from childhood to early adolescence coupled with the linear increase in sleep spindle frequency from childhood to young adulthood may represent the emergence of fast sleep spindles, which appears to occur earlier in females. Overall, males experience greater maturational changes in all sleep spindle metrics and sex differences become prominent in young adulthood, when males show lower sleep spindle density and sleep spindle frequency, indicative of less fast sleep spindles. Support (if any) NIH Awards Number R01MH118308, R01HL136587, R01HL97165, R01HL63772, UL1TR000127
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Morton, K. M., S. L. Catt, F. K. Hollinshead, W. M. C. Maxwell, and G. Evans. "280LAMBS BORN AFTER IN VITRO EMBRYO PRODUCTION FROM PREPUBERTAL LAMB OOCYTES AND FROZEN-THAWED UNSORTED AND SEX-SORTED SPERMATOZOA." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab280.
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Developments in sperm sexing technology have resulted in the birth of a number of offspring after IVF of oocytes from adult animals (Johnson LA, 2000 An. Reprod. Sci. 60–61, 93–107). The aim of this study was to combine sperm sexing technology with juvenile breeding. Merino lambs, 2–3 weeks (n=43) were hormone stimulated (Morton KM et al., 2003 Proc. Soc. Reprod. Fert., P18), and COCs were matured in TCM-199 (Sigma) with 10μgmL−1 p-FSH (Folltropin-V; Bioniche Animal Health Australasia), 10μgmL−1 pLH (Bioniche), and 20% sheep serum (v/v) in a humidified 6% CO2, 5% O2, 89% N2 atmosphere for 22h. Semen collected from Merino rams was diluted and frozen as pellets (Unsorted), or stained with H33342, separated into X and Y sperm using a SX MoFlo (Cytomation Inc., Fort Collins, CO, USA), and frozen as pellets (Sorted). Sperm were prepared for IVF by swim-up under 0.5mL of SOF with 2% sheep serum (v/v; SOF+) for 45min (Unsorted), or diluted in 0.5mL of Sydney IVF Sperm Buffer (Cook IVF, Brisbane, Australia) and centrifuged at 650g for 3min (Sorted). After IVM, oocytes were transferred to SOF+, and cultured with 0.5×106mL−1 (Unsorted) or 1.0×106mL−1 (Sorted) motile sperm for 18h. Presumptive zygotes were transferred to Sydney IVF cleavage and blastocyst medium (Cook IVF) for 3 and 5 days, respectively. Oocyte maturation and fertilization were assessed by orcein staining 18h post-insemination (hpi). Two Day-7 blastocysts were transferred to each recipient ewe (n=9; 3 per group) and pregnancies diagnosed by ultrasound on Day 57 of gestation. Data were analyzed by chi-square test. Oocyte maturation was 83.9% (73/87), and monospermic fertilization did not differ for Unsorted (22/32; 68.7%), X- (6/14; 42.8%), and Y-sperm groups (15/27; 55.6%). Polyspermic fertilization was 9.4% (3/32) and 7.4% (2/27) for the Unsorted and Y groups. Cleavage was reduced with X- and Y-sperm compared with Unsorted, but blastocyst formation (from cleaved oocytes) did not differ (Table 1). There were three (100%), zero (0%), and one (33.3%) pregnancies from Unsorted, X- and Y-embryos, respectively, all of which survived to birth, demonstrating that juvenile breeding can be successfully combined with sperm sexing. Table 1 Cleavage and blastocyst formation after IVF with Unsorted, X- or Y-sperm. Values in parenthesis are percentages
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SHARMA, ADITI, and Dr SUDHINDER SINGH CHOWHAN. "Concept of Six Sigma and its Application in Banking." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 7 (October 1, 2011): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/july2013/134.
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Shypailo, Roman J., and William W. Wong. "Fat and fat-free mass index references in children and young adults: assessments along racial and ethnic lines." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 112, no. 3 (May 29, 2020): 566–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa128.
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ABSTRACT Background Fat-free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI) are superior to BMI and fat percentage in evaluating nutritional status. However, existing references fail to account for racial/ethnic differences in body composition among children. Objectives Our goal was to produce age-based normative references for FFMI and FMI in children for specific racial/ethnic groups. Methods Body composition, weight, and height were measured in 1122 normal healthy children aged 2–21 y. Bone mineral content measured by DXA, total body water by deuterium dilution, and total body potassium by whole-body γ counting were combined to calculate fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) using equations based on the Reference Child and Adolescent models. FFMI and FMI were calculated by dividing FFM and FM by height squared, respectively. After outlier removal, the LMS (Lambda-Mu-Sigma) function within R's GAMLSS package was used to produce age-based FFMI and FMI growth curves for black (B), white (W), and Hispanic (H) children for each sex. Combined models were produced in cases where outcomes did not differ by race/ethnicity. Resulting models were compared with previously published FFMI and FMI models. Results FFMI and FMI models based on 1079 children, aged 2–21 y, were created for both sexes. FFMI models for B children showed higher values throughout. W and H children were combined to produce FFMI models for each sex. H boys were modeled individually for FMI, whereas W and B boys were combined. FMI models for girls were created for each race/ethnicity. Models agreed well with those based on children from the United Kingdom of comparable race/ethnicity. Conclusions Race/ethnicity-specific references for FFMI and FMI will increase the accuracy of health and nutrition status assessment in children over race/ethnicity-generic references. The models allow the calculation of SD scores to assess health and nutrition status in children.
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Norris, Tom, Sara E. Ramel, Patrick Catalano, Carol ni Caoimh, Paola Roggero, Deirdre Murray, David A. Fields, Ellen W. Demerath, and William Johnson. "New charts for the assessment of body composition, according to air-displacement plethysmography, at birth and across the first 6 mo of life." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 109, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 1353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy377.
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ABSTRACT Background Air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) is a good candidate for monitoring body composition in newborns and young infants, but reference centile curves are lacking that allow for assessment at birth and across the first 6 mo of life. Objective Using pooled data from 4 studies, we aimed to produce new charts for assessment according to gestational age at birth (30 + 1 to 41 + 6 wk) and postnatal age at measurement (1–27 wk). Methods The sample comprised 222 preterm infants born in the United States who were measured at birth; 1029 term infants born in Ireland who were measured at birth; and 149 term infants born in the United States and 57 term infants born in Italy who were measured at birth, 1 and 2 wk, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 mo of age. Infants whose birth weights were <3rd or >97th centile of the INTERGROWTH-21st standard were excluded, thereby ensuring that the charts depict body composition of infants whose birth weights did not indicate suboptimal fetal growth. Sex-specific centiles for fat mass (kg), fat-free mass (kg), and percentage body fat were estimated using the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method. Results For each sex and measure (e.g., fat mass), the new charts comprised 2 panels. The first showed centiles according to gestational age, allowing term infants to be assessed at birth and preterm infants to be monitored until they reached term. The second showed centiles according to postnatal age, allowing all infants to be monitored to age 27 wk. The LMS values underlying the charts were presented, enabling researchers and clinicians to convert measurements to centiles and z scores. Conclusions The new charts provide a single tool for the assessment of body composition, according to ADP, in infants across the first 6 mo of life and will help enhance early-life nutritional management.
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HUANG, FENG, and BO-QIANG MA. "SIGMA MESON CLOUD OF THE NUCLEON SEA." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 08n09 (April 10, 2005): 1951–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05023712.
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Flavor symmetric sea quarks could contribute to the ratio of [Formula: see text] in the proton, as well as flavor asymmetric sea quarks. We clarify the isoscalar mesonic contribution, especially σ meson cloud effects in the meson cloud model. We also provide the meson numbers in the proton with different meson cutoff values. Our calculations show that a physical proton picture favors smaller cutoff of the examined range 1.0<Λω<1.5 GeV .
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Miglani, Pratima. "Application of Lean Six Sigma in Reduction of Medication Errors." Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Healthcare 2, no. 1 (October 5, 2015): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jmrh.2015.21004.
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Griggs, Stephanie, Kingman Strohl, Seunghee Margevicius, Margaret Grey, and Ronald Hickman. "643 Rest Activity Rhythms, Symptom Burden, and Glucose Variability in Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.641.
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Abstract Introduction Circadian alignment is an important element in individual health, and one behavioral marker, rest-activity rhythm (RAR), may influence disease management in young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Thus, in this descriptive study, we examined whether circadian rhythm is correlated with symptoms (emotional and diabetes distress, and diabetes physical symptom burden) and glucose variability in young adults with T1D. Methods Using convenience sampling, young adults with T1D underwent concurrent actigraphy and continuous glucose monitoring for 6–14 days to generate the following RAR parameters: (MESOR, amplitude, acrophase, and circadian quotient) and glucose variability indices (coefficient of variation and time in range). Participants completed the 8-item Epworth Sleepiness Scale, 8-item PROMIS v1.0 Emotional Distress Scale, 17-item Diabetes Distress Scale, and 34-item Diabetes Symptom Checklist-Revised. Cosinor analysis was used to compute the RAR parameters and linear regression modeling procedures were performed to determine the associations among the study variables. Results The sample included 46 young adults (mean age 22.3±3.2; 32.6% male; 84.8% non-Hispanic White, A1C mean 7.2±1.1%, BMI 27.0±4.4 kg/m2). A more robust rhythm (higher amplitude) was associated with a lower diabetes symptom burden (ß=-0.31, p=.035). A higher circadian quotient was associated with less daytime sleepiness (ß=-0.41, p=.004). All associations between the RAR parameters and symptom measures remained statistically significant (p<.05) after adjustment for sex and BMI. The associations between the RAR parameters and glucose variability indices were not significant. Conclusion RAR was associated with daytime sleepiness, as well as symptom burden in young adults with T1D even after consideration of sex and BMI. Future investigators should clarify the causality of these associations and the potential for improving the strength and stability of RAR in the mitigation of daytime sleepiness and symptoms. Support (if any) This research is or was partially supported by grants from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (220-BS-19), National Institute of Nursing Research (K99NR018886 & T32NR0008346), Sigma Theta Tau International, and Dexcom provided continuous glucose monitors (G4) free of charge for participants who did not have a device.
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Hadada, Tomasz, and Magdalena Kosińska. "A need for an update of Polish birth weight reference norms." Anthropological Review 83, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2020-0006.
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AbstractThe indicators of perinatal outcome are birth weight and gestational age. The standard method of assessing the outcome is comparing the newborn’s birth weight with the reference system, presented in the form of percentile charts. Acceleration or delay in prenatal development, which are associated with environmental changes, stress the need to validate the developmental norms. The goal of this study is to evaluate the need to construct new and accurate reference standards. The study includes data of newborns from singleton pregnancies: 4919 born in 2000 and 3683 born in 2015. Study variables included gestational age, sex, and birth weight. Percentile values estimated for two groups of infants born in years separated by a 15-year period, born in 2000 and in 2015, were compared. Birth weight percentiles, from the 28th to the 42nd week of gestation, were calculated using the Lambda Mu Sigma method. Estimated values revealed the birth weight standards in different weeks of gestational age for both years: 2000 and 2015. Comparison among medians estimated for infants born in these years showed the existence of significant differences among boys in the 28th, 36th, and 39th weeks and among girls in the 34th and 41st weeks of gestational age. As the period between the two measurements involves several years, environmental changes during this time period might have significantly affected the course of pregnancy and thus the birth weight. Hence, there is a need to validate the developmental norms. The reference standards should be renewed, and must be done on a periodical basis.
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Hall, Graham L., Nicole Filipow, Gregg Ruppel, Tolu Okitika, Bruce Thompson, Jane Kirkby, Irene Steenbruggen, Brendan G. Cooper, and Sanja Stanojevic. "Official ERS technical standard: Global Lung Function Initiative reference values for static lung volumes in individuals of European ancestry." European Respiratory Journal 57, no. 3 (March 2021): 2000289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00289-2020.
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BackgroundMeasurement of lung volumes across the life course is critical to the diagnosis and management of lung disease. The aim of the study was to use the Global Lung Function Initiative methodology to develop all-age multi-ethnic reference equations for lung volume indices determined using body plethysmography and gas dilution techniques.MethodsStatic lung volume data from body plethysmography and gas dilution techniques from individual, healthy participants were collated. Reference equations were derived using the LMS (lambda-mu-sigma) method and the generalised additive models of location shape and scale programme in R. The impact of measurement technique, equipment type and being overweight or obese on the derived lung volume reference ranges was assessed.ResultsData from 17 centres were submitted and reference equations were derived from 7190 observations from participants of European ancestry between the ages of 5 and 80 years. Data from non-European ancestry populations were insufficient to develop multi-ethnic equations. Measurements of functional residual capacity (FRC) collected using plethysmography and dilution techniques showed physiologically insignificant differences and were combined. Sex-specific reference equations including height and age were developed for total lung capacity (TLC), FRC, residual volume (RV), inspiratory capacity, vital capacity, expiratory reserve volume and RV/TLC. The derived equations were similar to previously published equations for FRC and TLC, with closer agreement during childhood and adolescence than in adulthood.ConclusionsGlobal Lung Function Initiative reference equations for lung volumes provide a generalisable standard for reporting and interpretation of lung volumes measurements in individuals of European ancestry.
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Aslam, Mubeen. "Enhancing Information Security Management by STOPE View with Six Sigma Approach." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 4, no. 6 (2012): 743–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2012.v4.475.
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Kim, Se-Hyun, and Sun-Hoe Kim. "Fuel Cell Catalyst Optimization by Six Sigma." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 11, no. 8 (August 28, 2011): 468–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2011.11.8.468.
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LIMON ROMERO, JORGE, YOLANDA BAEZ LOPEZ, ARMANDO PEREZ SANCHEZ, and DIEGO TLAPA MENDOZA. "LEAN HEALTHCARE AND SIX SIGMA IN THE FRAMEWORK OF INDUSTRY 4.0." DYNA 96, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10149.
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Healthcare today, more than ever, faces a variety of challenges. One of them is to increase efficiency while improving the level of service quality. Specifically in hospitals, operational efficiency means rapid access to care, minimal waiting time, and the delivery of quality care without waste at minimal cost.
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De Almeida, Adriana Jardim, Edilbert Pelegrini Nahn Júnior, Olney Vieira da Motta, Camila da Silva Lourenço, Maria de Lourdes Amaral Bernardino, and Gabriel Portal Barros Pellegrini Nahn. "Diagnosis of human sporotrichosis in Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 13, no. 08 (August 31, 2019): 768–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.11672.
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Introduction: Sporotrichosis is an infectious fungal zoonosis associated with traumatic implantation in the skin of dimorphic fungi of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. The objective of this study was to diagnose sporotrichosis in patients in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, and to establish correlations between positive laboratory results and dermatological and topographical aspects of the lesions and personal traits of the patients, such as sex, age and profession.
Methodology: We collected samples from 22 patients with suspect lesions, which were sent to the laboratory for direct microscopic analysis after Gram staining, followed by mycological culture by seeding the material in 4% Sabouraud dextrose agar (Himedia®) supplemented with chloramphenicol (50 mg/Lt) and cycloheximide (400 mg/Lt - Sigma-Aldrich, USA). The dishes were incubated at 25-30oC. For confirmation of the diagnosis, the strains isolated in mycelial form were converted to yeast form by culture in yeast-peptone-dextrose (YPD) agar at 37oC for up to 15 days.
Results: The positive results demonstrated that the disease was most frequently diagnosed in women between the ages of 19 and 60 years, and that 18 (81.8%) of the patients reported having contact with pet cats. The occupations of those positive for sporotrichosis were not related to the disease. The upper limbs were the body region most often afflicted, with observation in the majority of cases of ulcerated lesions, although five patients also had nodular lesions. Additionally, the observation of lymphatic cords was frequent.
Conclusion: In recent years, sporotrichosis has been diagnosed with relative frequency in Campos dos Goytacazes, causing great concern among public health officials and practitioners.