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1
Doezema, Jo. "Sex slaves and discourse masters : the historical construction of 'trafficking in women'." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409963.
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Thompson, Chelsea L. "Sex, Slaves, and Saviors: Domestic and Global Agendas in U.S. Anti-trafficking Policy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/355.
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In this thesis, I problematize the United States’ response to the global phenomenon characterized as human trafficking. The framing of trafficking as policy issue takes place in the context of politicized claims about the nature and prevalence of trafficking, its relation to the sex industry, and the kind of response that is required. U.S. anti-trafficking policy was built and shaped in the context of fears about immigration, global labor, and the sex industry. As a result, trafficking has been used to justify oppressive domestic reactions such as border crackdown, scrutiny of immigrant and sex worker communities, and victim “protection” that barely differs from prosecution. The United States has also leveraged anti-trafficking measures such as the policy prescriptions in the Trafficking in Persons Report and sanctions for countries that fall in the bottom tier to build a global response to trafficking that suits the hegemony of the United States rather than the needs of vulnerable populations. Through the government-subsidized “rescue industry”—an army of U.S.-based NGO’s and humanitarian groups—the United States has effectively exported an imperialistic response to trafficking based on Christian ethics and neoliberal economics around the world. These policies are distinctly out of touch with the experiences and needs of the supposed “victims of trafficking,” those attempting to survive at the bottom of global capitalist labor markets. As a result, I characterize anti-trafficking as a form of structural violence, and emphasize the need for an alternative movement that addresses the actual problems experienced by global laborers and the complicity of the United States in creating the conditions for labor exploitation.
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Murph, Karen S. "Negotiating the master narratives of prostitution, slavery, and rape in the testimonies by and representations of Korean sex slaves of the Japanese military (1932-1945)." Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest) Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/451026166/viewonline.
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Yoon, Seok Hee. "Relations between Japan and Korea : a diachronic survey in search of a pattern." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Japanese, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10393.
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Ever since Korea and Japan established kingdoms in the 6th century, both countries greatly influenced each other politically, militarily, socially, culturally, and economically through international exchange. Korea and Japan kept their close relationship throughout history because of geographic proximity. It is also notable that 54 per cent of Japanese males and 66 per cent of Japanese females carry Sino-Korean genes in present-days and there are records that Japan carried a close relationship with Paekche, a kingdom of the Korean peninsula which introduced script, Confucianism, and Buddhism to Japan at an early stage.
In the Medieval Period, Korea and Japan maintained a friendly trade policy but there were incidents such as Mongol invasions, wakō (Japanese pirates) raids and two invasions by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, which worsened the relations between the two countries. And yet, during Japan’s period of isolation (from 1639 to1854), Korea was the only nation with which full and free trade was permitted.
The 20th century is based on invasion and colonisation of Japan over Korea. For 35 years from 1910 to 1945, under the control of Japan, the Japan-Korea relationship was nothing but misfortune: forced labour, suppression of Korean culture and language, press-gangs, sex slaves, and so forth.
The aim in this thesis is to go into greater detail about each significant event and its effect on the relationship between Japan and Korea to uncover some rationale or pattern such as gekokujō (the master being outdone by the pupil, and being treated thereafter with contempt).
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Rama, Parbavati. "A forgotten diaspora : forced Indian Migration to the Cape Colony, 1658 to 1834." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4758.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThis thesis aims to explore Indian forced migration to the Cape Colony from 1658 to 1834. The forgotten diaspora‘ of its title refers to the first Indians who had come to the shores of South Africa, long before the arrival—between 1860 and 1911—of the indentured Indians. This diaspora has been forgotten, partially because these migrants came as slaves. The author uses data extracted from the newly transcribed Master of the Orphan Chamber (MOOC) series and slave transfers which are housed in the Western Cape Provincial Archives and Records Service (WCARS). The Cape colonial data is considered among the best in the world. Earlier historians such as Victor de Kock, Anna Böeseken, Frank Bradlow and Margaret Cairns, have made us aware of their existence primarily through Transportenkennis and Schepenkennis (transport and shipping information) documents in the Deeds Registry. Not nearly enough, however, is known about these Indian slaves, especially about those who arrived between 1731 and 1834. These lacunae include the number of arrivals; their sex ratios; ages and origins; and the circumstances under which they came. This thesis aims to construct a census of Indian slaves brought to the Cape from 1658 to 1834—along the lines of Philip Curtin's aggregated census of the Trans- Atlantic slave trade, but based on individual case level data coded directly from primary sources. This is the first time the size of the creole population born at the Cape will be established.
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Mustakeem, Sowande'. "'Make haste & let me see you with a good cargo of Negroes' gender, health, and violence in the eighteenth century Middle Passage /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Pedro, Alessandra 1973. "Liberdade sob condição : alforrias e politica de dominio senhorial em Campinas, 1855-1871." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279447.
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Orientador: Silvia Hunold LaraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho visa estudar as concepções senhoriais sobre a alforria, nos anos entre 1855 e 1871 - um período de crescentes debates sobre a manumissão dos escravos - tomando para isso a então ascendente cidade de Campinas. Meu principal objetivo é compreender o pensamento dos indivíduos que, ao formularem seus testamentos, concediam a seus escravos a promessa de liberdade. Tendo por base os testamentos, pude verificar, pela análise da partilha dos bens e das doações ali anotadas, a política senhorial de manutenção da propriedade, as motivações e as estratégias que os senhores utilizavam para garantir a continuidade de seu poder sobre os herdeiros e os futuros libertos, bem como compreender a própria alforria no interior do universo da concessão de dádivas. A partir dessas premissas e da análise da documentação, reconstituí os perfis dos senhores de escravos que libertam escravos em testamento; verifiquei as modalidades de alforria que concediam; busquei compreender como eles pensavam seu próprio poder e averiguei as suas reações diante as mudanças que estavam ocorrendo na sociedade. Além disso, desenvolvi uma reflexão sobre as diversas abordagens existentes na bibliografia sobre os mecanismos sociais e simbólicos envolvidos nos atos de doação, considerando o conceito do "dom".
Abstract: The presented work aimed to study the slave master's conceptions about freedom within the years 1855 and 1871, as well a period of time in which there was a increase of debates about the liberty of the slaves - focusing the ascendant Campinas city. My main purpose was to understand the mind who promised freedom to their slaves and simutaneously had been formuling their own will. I have based my research on these documents, in which I could investigate them closely - analysing the way how properties and donations were divided and written down on these papers, the logic of the masters on maintenance of their wealth at the same time, as well what stimulated them and their strategies for guarantying of power - even after the death - over their heirs and the potential free people who have been slaving by them before. Thus, I have tried to understand the slave's freedom in this kind of giver mindedness. Hence, it is possible to construct the master profile who free their slaves in a deed and the categories of liberties granted, as well to go into a matter how they saw the power of themselves and which reactions had been happening on society on their days. I also have worked on many authors thinking who approched the social and simbolic mechanisms enrolled on the concept of gift.
Mestrado
Historia
Mestre em História
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Gresham, Anne Ellen. "Identifying and Mitigating Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking in an Urban Community." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/280.
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Human trafficking, domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST), and commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) are complex and multifaceted occurrences in the United States. As the numbers of youth ensnared in sexually exploitive situations increase, organizations and communities are called upon to address the ramifications of this abuse; little research was located, however, that examined collaborative networks and partnerships that address victim identification and mitigation of DMST and CSEC. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to determine whether strategic partnerships existed within the community under investigation. The theoretical framework was environmental theory, as first described by Florence Nightingale; the conceptual framework was centered on collaborative networks. Research questions focused on victim identification and organizational strategies for collaboration and mitigation of sex trafficking. The research population was composed of 8 individuals working in organizations in a metropolitan area on the West Coast that served victims of DMST and CSEC. Data obtained from interviews were coded, compared, and analyzed for major and emergent themes. Findings indicated that, in the effort to identify victims, these 8 individuals needed to consider all children involved in prostitution as victims and not criminals. Further, their efforts toward mitigation needed to center on widespread education across the broader social spectrum of the issues with DMST and CSEC. These workers identified strategies identified to address DMST and CSEC included the "5 Ps": prevention, protection, prosecution, partnership, and policy. These findings may inform organizations and policy makers about how to make informed decisions about the needs and challenges of addressing sexually exploited youth.
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Finley, Alexandra Jolyn. "Blood Money: Sex, Family, and Finance in the Antebellum Slave Trade." W&M ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1499450046.
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This dissertation examines the economic contributions of enslaved and free women’s domestic and reproductive labor in the antebellum slave trade from 1820 to 1865. By looking for women’s work in unexpected places, such as the slave market, which historians have argued is a masculine space, this project highlights the various ways that feminine labor, including sewing, washing, and nursing, contributed to the economy of the slaveholding South. The nature of the slave market, with its cash valuation of human flesh and emphasis on the appearance and health of enslaved men and women, gives a brutal example of how domestic and reproductive labor is monetized. In order to make these connections tangible, the dissertation considers five case studies of women who labored in the domestic slave trade. their lives demonstrate how the household was connected to the marketplace, how domestic labor blurred the lines between public and private, and how women’s labor is the foundation of economic growth.
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Worrell, Colleen Doyle. "(Un)conventional coupling: Interracial sex and intimacy in contemporary neo-slave narratives." W&M ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623470.
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"(Un)Conventional Coupling" initiates a more expansive critical conversation on the contemporary neo-slave narrative. The dissertation's central argument is that authors of neo-slave narratives rely on the politicized theme of interracial coupling to both reimagine history and explore the possibility of social transformation. to establish a framework for my particular focus on interracial intimacy, this study extends the boundaries of the genre by adopting Paul Gilroy's theory of the black Atlantic. This theoretical paradigm serves as a provisional framework for both accommodating and analyzing the complexity of authorship, nationality, and influence within this large body of work.;This dissertation interprets neo-slave narratives' preoccupation with interracial sex and intimacy as a compelling reason to situate the critical analysis of the genre within a more expansive context. The prevalence of discourses and representations of interracial desire, sexuality, and intimacy within the genre reveals a preoccupation with cross-cultural connection. Additionally, authors of neo-slave narratives rely on black-white coupling to explore the concepts and realities of "race." Indeed, interracial intimacy provides an effective mechanism for this literature to invigorate a dialogue about "race" and why it still matters in the twenty-first century.;Adopting the term (un)conventional coupling to destabilize racialized ideologies of sexuality and desire, this project reads black-white coupling as a trope that represents a complex and conflicted sense of transracial intimacy in these novels. This study analyzes the representation of transracial intimacy in three different novels: Sherley Anne Williams' Dessa Rose, David Bradley's The Chaneysville Incident, and Valerie Martin's Property. Each chapter demonstrates the different ways in which these authors rely on the trope of black-white coupling to construct the double-edged critique of black Atlantic political culture. First, this trope exposes a hidden history in order to reveal a more comprehensive and nuanced version of slavery and its myriad legacies. Secondly, representations of interracial intimacy allow authors to posit utopian possibilities out of relations of difference by creating a space for transformative acts of social reinvention.
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Getson, Rebecca A. "Good Intentions Paving the Road to Brothels: Sex Trafficking, Sex Slavery, and Globalization in Southeast Asia." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1145971233.
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Park, Erica. "The Trials of a Comfort Woman." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/113.
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The trials of a comfort woman was never revealed after the conclusion of WWII. More than half a century has passed before the name was uttered on the international stage. Why the sudden break of silence? What is the response of the Japanese government. In this paper, we discuss the issue of the comfort women and the the political implications it holds on Japan. Japan's failure to accept wartime reparation, largely due to Allied intervention, has resulted in the widening gap between Japan and Asia. This paper focuses on the combination of increased US influence as a result of the San Francisco Treaty of 1951 and Japan’s fervent nationalistic identity served to widen the gap between Japan and other East and Southeast Asian nations, making reconciliation over the issue of comfort women a problem that remains unresolved to this day.
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Post, Lauren. "Let’s Talk about Sex: Gender, Nation, and Sex Education in Contemporary Poland." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429729458.
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Bright, Katherine. "The Spectrum of Slavery: From Housing Instability among Youth to Sex Trafficking." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2655.
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Thesis advisor: Lisa DodsonIn the United States, the majority of youth who become victims of sex trafficking are U.S. citizens. Most "at-risk" are those involved in the foster care system, the sexually abused and/or those surviving without stable housing- otherwise known as the homeless. Through in depth interviews with homeless teenage mothers, this study analyzed the connection between housing vulnerability and sex trafficking. The major finding of this study suggests that young girls are pushed into homelessness and sexually exploitative situations when they experience a loss of familial support. Without familial support, young, homeless girls are forced into a patriarchal street economy that limits their options for economic opportunity: men sell drugs, women sell their body. Participants also discussed the perceived effectiveness of structural interventions, including welfare, housing shelters and educational programs. By exploring the intersection of homeless teenage mothers and domestic sex trafficking, this study adds to a stronger dialogue between the homeless and human trafficking fields. Additionally, this study brings attention to the fact that young, American girls are just as vulnerable to sex trafficking as the international victims highlighted in most of the popular media and literary scholarship. Lastly, several interventions are proposed for working at the intersection of homeless youth and sex trafficking
Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology
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Wilcox, Joseph Morgan. "Trafficking in women: International sex services." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2754.
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This research looks to identify precursors to women becoming involved in trafficking for prostitution and/or sexual services in the United States. The failure to find patterns or trends regarding why women are trafficked or what types of women are trafficked most often, helps dispel some myths regarding the stereotypical victim of trafficking.
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Vanja, Hamzic. "Människohandel : en modern form av slaveri - Exemplet Bosnien- och Hercegovina." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2962.
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This qualitative study focuses on the investigation of different actor’s ideas concerning gender and womanhood in a post-socialist nation Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this study is to try to provide experiences and attitudes of one not a new, but definitely one constantly changing phenomenon, trafficking in women for sexual exploitation. The qualitative data is mainly collected through nine interviews with people from Bosnian Governments, International organizations and NGOs during my stay in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The causes to trafficking are complex and intertwined but it directly relates to gender discrimination and attitudes on sexual relationships between women and men. The study sheds light on how the global politics and economics development situation and theirs affectsprovide gender segregation through the traditionally structures where men are seen as normative.
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Balarezo, Christine. "The Dark Side of Humanity: An Empirical Investigation into Global Slavery." Scholar Commons, 2007. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/613.
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Global slavery includes human trafficking, debt bondage, forced labor, commercial sexual exploitation of children, and organ trafficking. Despite its official abolishment within the international community, global slavery continues to thrive in many parts of the world. The various types of slavery do not restrain themselves in a mutual exclusive manner; rather, they transcend and merge to create inter-connectedness within the illegal world of slavery. For instance, a person that is trafficked for the purpose of labor -- domestic or forced -- can also become sexually exploited and prostituted. This thesis discusses the nature and scope of the different faces of contemporary slavery, including human trafficking, debt bondage, and the sex tourism industry. While pervasive worldwide, human trafficking remains a major problem, especially in Central and Eastern Europe, the former republics of the Soviet Union, and Asia. Higher levels of unemployment, the demand for "exotic" women and the existence of well-organized trafficking routes and international criminal organizations has led to the development of this slavery. In short, human trafficking is said to exist in virtually every country of the world. The abundance of beautiful beaches and resorts, as well as the supply of cheap women and children in Southeast Asia and Latin America has led to a thriving sex tourism industry. In Central Asia and Africa, a high demand for manual labor, as well as certain religious and cultural factors, has given rise to the largest type of slavery in the world: debt bondage. An empirical aggregate-level analysis using OLS regression is performed to examine why certain countries have more indigenous people (native to that country) who become enslaved than others. Overall, a lack of human development proves to be a major factor in determining the number of enslaved peoples across countries.
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Barros, Carlos Juliano Marcondes e. Ferreira de Toledo. "O sonho se faz a mão e sem permissão. \"Escravidão temporária\" e reforma agrária no sudeste do Pará\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-24102011-113106/.
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Este estudo tem como ponto central a análise da escravidão temporária no campo brasileiro, relação de trabalho coercitiva e violenta a que estão sujeitos os peões contratados para as chamadas empreitas, como a derrubada de mata ou a limpeza de pasto, principalmente em latifúndios da fronteira agrícola amazônica. Defendemos a noção de escravidão temporária porque ela realça o cerne dessa relação: o tempo em que o empregador se julga no direito de controlar não apenas a força de trabalho, mas também a vida e o corpo do seu empregado como se ele fosse de fato uma mercadoria. Mas é importante ressalvar que, nos dias de hoje, a noção de escravidão também assume um significado político, caracterizando relações de trabalho que seriam mais bem definidas como superexploração. A discussão sobre a persistência de relações escravistas de trabalho sob o modo capitalista de produção nos dias de hoje é feita à luz de um estudo de caso sobre a desapropriação da fazenda Cabaceiras, localizada em Marabá, no sudeste do Pará, ocupada pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), em 1999. Do ponto de vista do marco legal, trata-se da primeira desapropriação de um imóvel rural em toda a história do país motivada pelo desrespeito à função social, como prevê a Constituição Federal, em decorrência da exploração contínua de trabalho em condições análogas à de escravo, como tipifica o Código Penal Brasileiro fato ocorrido enquanto uma pequena parte da fazenda já se encontrava sob domínio MST. Porém, apesar das graves irregularidades, a verdade é que o Projeto de Assentamento 26 de Março, criado oficialmente apenas em 2008 em substituição à fazenda Cabaceiras, só saiu do papel graças à pressão do movimento social de luta pela reforma agrária.This master dissertation focuses on the analysis of temporary slavery in Brazilian rural. Its a coercive and violent work relationship that victimizes the rural workers hired to temporary jobs, such as forest cutting and pasture clearing, mainly in Amazon great landed estates. The concept of temporary slavery emphasizes the core attribute of this work relationship: the period that the employer controls the life and the body of his employee, and not only his labour power, turning him into a commodity. Its important to note that slave labour nowadays has also a political meaning and quite often describes work relationships that would be better defined as overexploitation. This issue is discussed through a case study about the expropriation of Cabaceiras farm, in Marabá (Southeast of Pará state), which was occupied in 1999 by MST (landless rural workers movement). Legally speaking, it was the first time in brazilian history that a expropriation process of a farm was justified by the disrespect of its social function, as envisaged by the federal Constitution, due to the exploitation of employment in condition similar to slave labour, as defined by the Brazilian Criminal Code. The temporary slavery in Cabaceiras occurred when part of the farm was already occupied by MST. However, in this case, the truth is that the agrarian reform and the creation of settlement 26 de Março just happened because of the landless people movement efforts.
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Freire, Jonis. "Escravidão e familia escrava na Zona da Mata Mineira oitocentista." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280898.
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Orientador: Robert Wayne Andrew SlenesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar as relações familiares e de parentesco dos escravos em Juiz de Fora, região de plantation na Zona da Mata Mineira, no decorrer dos oitocentos. Para tanto, foi feito o intercruzamento de fontes variadas relativas aos mesmos grupos de cativos pertencentes a três famílias abastadas, procurando sempre que possível acompanhar esses escravizados ao longo do tempo. Houve a preocupação de investigar as famílias senhoriais proprietárias desses cativos. Analisamos como se deu a manutenção e/ou a ampliação das posses cativas, se por meio do tráfico e/ou da reprodução natural, fatores que influenciavam a formação das famílias escravas. Da mesma forma, procuramos avançar um pouco mais na compreensão das relações familiares dos cativos e de sua estabilidade, bem como na avaliação da importância da família escrava para os projetos de obtenção da liberdade por meio da alforria
Abstract The object of this thesis was to study the family relationships of slaves in Juiz de Fora, a plantation area in the region of the Zona da Mata Mineira, during the nineteenth century. This was done by cross-referencing various sources relating to the slaves of three well-to-do families, trying always to follow these bondspeople over time. The examination of the slave-owning families was also of concern. We have analyzed how slave holdings were maintained and/or increased, whether though the slave trade and/or by natural reproduction, factors that influenced the formation of slave families. In addition, we tried to advance our knowledge of the family relationships of the slaves and of their stability, as well as assess the importance of the slave family for the project of obtaining freedom through manumission
Doutorado
Historia Social
Doutor em História
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White, Robyn L. "Invisible Women: Examining the Political, Economic, Cultural, and Social Factors that lead to Human Trafficking and Sex Slavery of Young Girls and Women." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1708.
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This thesis employs the most recent and best available data on human trafficking, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime’s Trafficking in Persons Global Report 2006, as well as nine independent variables to determine what their effects are on countries’ volumes of human trafficking outflows. By completing a cross-sectional analysis via an OLS regression, I found statistically significant support for three factors that I hypothesize lead to greater outflows of human trafficking. My findings suggest that countries that are less corrupt, have more seats in parliament held by women, and score higher on Cho, Dreher, and Neumayer’s Anti-Trafficking Policy Index are less likely to experience high outflows of human trafficking. Additionally, while they narrowly avoid statistical significance, this study also suggests that states that have a legal stance on prostitution and have fewer women employed in the non-agricultural sector experience less human trafficking outflows.
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Barberan, Reinares Maria Laura. "Commodified Anatomies: Disposable Women in Postcolonial Narratives of Sexual Trafficking/Abduction." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_diss/84.
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This dissertation explores postcolonial fiction that reflects the structural situation of a genocidal number of third-world women who are being trafficked for sexual purposes from postcolonial countries into the global north—invariably, gender, class and race play a crucial role in their exploitation. Above all, these women share a systemic disposability and invisibility, as the business relies on the victim’s illegality and criminality to generate maximum revenues. My research suggests that the presence of these abject women is not only recognized by ideological and repressive state apparatuses on every side of the trafficking scheme (in the form of governments, military establishments, juridical systems, transnational corporations, etc.) but is also understood as necessary for the current neoliberal model to thrive undisturbed by ethical imperatives. Beginning with the turn of the twentieth century, then, I analyze sexual slavery transnationally by looking at James Joyce’s “Eveline,” Therese Park’s A Gift of the Emperor, Mahasweta Devi’s “Douloti the Bountiful,” Amma Darko’s Beyond the Horizon, Chris Abani’s Becoming Abigail, and Roberto Bolaño’s 2666, concentrating on the political, economic, and social discourses in which the narratives are immersed through the lens of Marxist, feminist, and postcolonial theory. By interrogating these postcolonial narratives, my project reexamines the sex slave-trafficker-consumer triad in order to determine the effect of each party’s presence or absence from the text and the implications in terms of the discourses their representations may tacitly legitimize. At the same time, this work investigates the type of postcolonial stories the West privileges and the reasons, and the subjective role postcolonial theory plays in overcoming subaltern women’s exploitation within the current neocolonial context. Overall, I interrogate the role postcolonial literature plays as a means of achieving (or not) social change, analyze the purpose of artists in representing exploitative situations, identify the type of engagement readers have with these characters, and seek to understand audiences’ response to such literature. I look at authors who have attempted to discover fruitful avenues of expression for third-world women, who, despite increasingly constituting the bulk of the work force worldwide, continue to be exploited and, in the case of sex trafficking, brutally violated.
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Hascher, Andrew Michael. "The Black Sea and the Turkish Straits: Resurgent Strategic Importance in the 21st Century." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574428754309163.
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Caxile, Carlos Rafael Vieira. "Olhar para além das enfermidades: ser liberto na provincia do Ceará." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2005. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13176.
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Previous issue date: 2005-06-06Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Initially this work looked for through the analysis of Sent Correspondences, Occupations, Proceedingses, Annals of the Camera and Newspapers of Time to evidence the process of extinction of the servile element in the county of Ceará unchained by the societies libertadoras, specifically the society Perseverance and Future and Society From Ceará Libertadora. The partner-political and economic context was demonstrated in that they appear, as well as the factors that facilitated the county of Ceará to be the first to free its slaves four years before the Empire, on March 25, 1884. Soon after analyzing, mainly, Actions of Freedom, the important paper was evidenced that had the law 2040 of September 28, 1871 for the juridical direction of slaves' freedom in Brazil. It was sought starting from the parliamentary embates to notice the social experiences of the system escravista vivenciados for gentlemen and slaves and to relate them to the projects of direction of a free society. It is finally it analyzed and he/she/it discussed some literary works written in Brazil, mainly, in Ceará, starting from the second half of the century XIX that were about the condition of the African and afro-descending. Focalizou-if specifically poetries and romances of romantic-naturalistic character.
Inicialmente este trabalho buscou, através da análise de Correspondências Expedidas, Ofícios, Atas, Anais da Câmara e Periódicos de Época, evidenciar o processo de extinção do elemento servil na província do Ceará desencadeado pelas sociedades libertadoras, especificamente a sociedade Perseverança e Porvir e Sociedade Cearense Libertadora. Demonstrou-se o contexto sócio-político e econômico em que elas surgiram, como também os fatores que possibilitaram a província do Ceará ser a primeira a libertar seus escravos quatro anos antes do Império, no dia 25 de março de 1884. Em seguida analisando, principalmente, Ações de Liberdade, evidenciou-se o importante papel que teve a lei 2040 de 28 de setembro de 1871 para o encaminhamento jurídico de liberdade de escravos no Brasil. Procurou-se a partir dos embates parlamentares perceber as experiências sociais do sistema escravista, vivenciado por senhores e escravos, relacionando essas experiências aos projetos de encaminhamento de uma sociedade livre. E finalmente analisou e discutiu alguns trabalhos literários escritos no Brasil, principalmente no Ceará, a partir da segunda metade do século XIX, que trataram da condição do africano e do afro-descendente. Focalizou-se especificamente poesias e romances de caráter romântico e naturalista.
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Ferraz, Lizandra Meyer. "Entradas para a liberdade = formas e frequencia da alforria em Campinas no seculo XIX." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279304.
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Orientador: Robert Wayne Andrew SlenesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho propõe a realização de um estudo sobre as alforrias na cidade de Campinas no século XIX. Ao contrário da grande maioria dos estudiosos deste tema, cujas análises enfocam apenas os registros notariais de cartas de alforria, utilizo quatro fontes principais: testamentos, inventários post-mortem, autos de prestação de contas testamentárias, além das próprias escrituras notariais. Pretende-se, a partir do cruzamento destas quatro fontes, analisar a prática da alforria (entendida como política senhorial forjada cotidianamente no embate entre senhores e escravos) em dois períodos deste século: no decênio 1836-1845 e no período 1860-1871 com o objetivo de perceber possíveis mudanças na política da alforria (e conseqüentemente os diferentes significados atribuídos à essa prática entre os cativos) decorrentes do fechamento do tráfico internacional de escravos (1850). A pesquisa também tem como intenção contribuir para os debates em torno da escravidão nos municípios de grande lavoura do Sudeste Paulista no século XIX, bem como trazer outras possibilidades metodológicas que permitam novos olhares sobre o objeto em questão
Abstract: This is a study of the manumission of slaves in the município (county) of Campinas, São Paulo, in the nineteenth century. In contrast to the great majority of studies on this topic which analyze only the notarial records of "writs of freedom" (cartas de alforria), this thesis uses four main sources: wills, post-mortem estate inventories, legal renderings of accounts regarding the fulfillment of dispositions in wills, and finally the notarial writs themselves. By nominative linkage of these four sources, the study analyzes the practice of manumission (understood as a "political" strategy to mollify the quarters, forged by slaveowners in day-to-day conflicts with slaves) in two sub-periods: 1836-1845 and 1860-1871. The objective is to perceive possible changes in manumission strategies (and consequently the different meanings attributed to this practice by bondspeople), resulting from the closing of the international slave trade (1850). The research also seeks to contribute to debates over slavery in the export-oriented municípios of southeastern (formerly "western") São Paulo in the nineteenth century, as well as to define new methods that will permit broader and deeper insight into manumission
Mestrado
Historia Social
Mestre em História
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Skabelund, Andrew. "The Grain of Sand that Moved the Sea: The Habitants of the Senegambia and the Atlantic World, 1700-1789." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500589697415946.
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Schreck, Kimberly A. "Splitting heirs : gender, race, and the properties of unreconstructed households /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144454.
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Vicenzi, Renilda. "Nos Campos de Cima da Serra: ser preto, pardo e branco na Vila de Lages, 1776-1850." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2015. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3753.
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Milton Valente
Analisar as dinâmicas de ocupação do espaço da vila de Lages, situada no caminho das tropas entre os campos de Curitiba e de Viamão, no final do século XVIII e primeiras décadas do XIX, constitui-se em objetivo central deste trabalho. Para tanto, através das trajetórias de indivíduos de diferentes origens e cor, analisamos a formação agrária e social desse espaço. Nas propriedades agrícolas dos campos de Lages, além da criação de animais (vacuns, cavalares e muares) para comercialização primeiramente no mercado de Sorocaba (SP) e depois de Desterro (SC), havia a produção agrícola de mantimentos para o consumo nas propriedades, e os parcos excedentes eram comercializados no pequeno núcleo urbano da vila. Nas propriedades (fazendas, sítios e chácaras), viviam lado a lado homens livres e cativos. Em geral, os proprietários de sítios e chácaras tinham sua mão de obra formada pelo núcleo familiar, e esporadicamente havia a presença de agregados e um ou dois cativos. Já os senhores de fazendas viviam com suas famílias, cativos e agregados. Ser proprietário de terras e de cativos não era exclusividade para brancos; pardos e pretos também o eram.
Analyzing the dynamics of space occupation of Lages village, situated on the way of troops between the fields of Curitiba and Viamão, in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, constitutes a central objective of this work. Therefore, through the trajectories of individuals from different backgrounds and color, we analyze the agrarian and social formation of these places. On farms of Lages fields, besides breeding (vacuns, horsy and mules) for marketing starting in Sorocaba (SP) markets followed by Desterro (SC), there was the agricultural production of food for internal expenses in the properties, and the meager excess were sold in small urban center of the village. In the properties (farms and ranches), lived side by side free and captive men. In general, the owners of sites and farms had their labor formed by the nuclear family, and occasionally had the presence of aggregates and one or two captives. On the other hand, the lords of farms were living with their families, captives and aggregates. Being landowner and captives was not exclusive to whites; browns and blacks also were.
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Leão, Ione Maria Barreto. "Escravidão contemporânea – combate." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19286.
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This work aims to provide a brief contextualization about the kind of labor that is still performed in degrading conditions, thus constituting a violation of a number of constitutional principles, chiefly human dignity, and described as modern day slave labor. The research of doctrines and articles revealed that despite being refuted by many persons, slave labor exists and its dissemination across our territory is unchallenged - mainly in the poorest regions - and centered in rural areas. Furthermore, after the publication of the Constitutional Amendment No. 81, which altered Article 243 of the Federal Constitution to allow the confiscation of property from individuals or corporations who, as employers, are caught committing the crime of contemporary slavery as defined by Article 149 of the Criminal Code, the Brazilian Congress acknowledged the existence of workers submitted to undignified labor conditions. The latter is used to define the crime and include, among other hypotheses, excessive working hours, degrading work and forced labor. Research results have also identified the main means to combat contemporary slave labor focusing on the Public Labor Prosecutor who has relentlessly fought to completely eradicate this social injustice that taints our society, and negatively reflects on social and economic progress as well as before international agencies. The research concluded that a lot has been done to improve this situation. However, given the defiant attitude of some employers on committing the crime described by Article 149 of the Criminal Code, there is hope that the alteration provided by Article 243 of the Constitution, together with the other forms of combat, we will be able to achieve - in a very short time - a radical change in the reported numbers of workers submitted to undignified labor practices in total violation of fundamental principles, essentially human dignity, the pillar of our Constitution
O presente trabalho tem por escopo fazer uma breve contextualização acerca do trabalho que ainda é prestado em condições degradantes, configurando violação a diversos princípios constitucionais, essencialmente o da dignidade da pessoa humana, e tipificado como trabalho escravo contemporâneo. A pesquisa doutrinária e de artigos demonstrou que, muito embora existam aqueles que ainda refutam sua existência, resta inconteste sua disseminação por todo nosso território, notadamente nas regiões mais carentes, e seu maior foco se encontra nas áreas rurais. Ademais, o Congresso Nacional, após a promulgação da Emenda Constitucional n. 81, que modificou o art. 243 da Constituição Federal, passando a prever a expropriação de bens de pessoas físicas ou jurídicas, que, na qualidade de empregadoras, sejam flagradas cometendo o crime previsto no art. 149, do Código Penal, qual seja, o de escravidão contemporânea, reconhece a existência de trabalhadores laborando em condições indignas, os quais são submetidos, dentre outras hipóteses, a jornadas exaustivas, trabalho degradante e trabalho forçado, que são tipificadoras do crime penal. O resultado da pesquisa ainda identificou os principais meios de combate ao trabalho escravo contemporâneo, dando destaque à atuação do Ministério Público do Trabalho, que, de forma combativa, não mede esforços para erradicar de forma definitiva essa injustiça social, que tanto macula nossa sociedade, refletindo negativamente não só em nosso progresso social e econômico, como também perante os órgãos internacionais. O trabalho concluiu que muito se tem feito nesse sentido; no entanto, diante da recalcitrância de alguns empregadores em incorrer no crime previsto no art. 149 do Código Penal, espera-se que, com a alteração disposta no artigo 243, da Constituição Federal, aliada às demais formas de combate, possamos obter em curtíssimo tempo uma alteração radical nos números hoje identificados de trabalhadores ainda submetidos a prática laboral indigna, em frontal violação a princípios fundamentais, essencialmente o princípio da dignidade humana, pilar de nossa Lei Maior.
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Montanaro, Lina, and Wafa Said. "En studie av den svenska människohandelslagstiftningens effektivitet." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6684.
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This paper aims to give a comprehensive view in which extent Swedish legislation concerning trafficking in human beings (Brottsbalken 4 kap. 1a §) is efficient. Qualitative interviews have been carried out with professionals within the judicial system in order to comprehend various aspects of efficiency relating to legislative validation of trafficking regarded human beings. Consent, coercion and control brings up miscellaneous issues. Personal observations by authorized people within the area was therefore viewed and found to be highly essential. In order to understand court reasoning in cases concerning human trafficking, various verdicts have been examined from the district court and the court of appeal. Theories of legal science have therefore been used. Results from this study shows that current legislation against trafficking in human beings is in some extent inefficient and that some adversity does appear while interpreting the concepts of consent, coercion and control. The study also implies that these are difficult to prove and that the collecting of evidence regarding this matter is complex and resource demanding. A social construction perspective and penal theories was found to be useful while analyzing and discussing the result.
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Naher, Sabikun. "An archaeometric study of copper slags fom early Bonze Age I at Arslantape, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28089.
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ABSTRACT: 15 copper slags and 2 crucible fragments from the village of the Early Bronze Age I ( V1B2 period, 3100-2900 BC), at Arslantepe, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, have been analyzed with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to determine the chemical and mineralogical composition and microstructures as well. The compositional analysis confirms the presence of iron, silicon, and aluminum as the significant elements in the copper slags with the modest level of copper and calcium, and low concentrations of sulphur, potassium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, zinc, molybdenum and strontium. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that quartz and fayalite are the major crystalline phases along with the magnetite as minor phase present in the analyzed slag samples. However, the mineralogical composition and SEM-EDS images indicates that some of the analyzed slags were the product of primary copper smelting and other might be formed during the works of metal. The presence of well-formed fayalite crystals in one analyzed slag sample indicates the specific thermodynamics condition, that is heating condition was well controlled during the smelting activities. Through EDXRF, the presence of low concentration of sulphur in all slag samples and the association of copper with sulphur in SEM-EDS image of one sample suggests that ancient metal workers might be exploiting some minerals as a copper ore that were associated with sulphur.
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Leite, Júnior José Carlos Cirino. "Dimensionamento à punção em apoios internos de lajes protendidas sem aderência." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFES, 2015. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/1813.
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Esta dissertação trata da punção em lajes protendidas com cordoalhas não aderentes, para pilares internos, calculadas através das normas ABNT NBR 6118:2007, ABNT NBR 6118:2014, EN 1992-1-1:2004 e ACI 318-11. Ao longo do trabalho, são apresentados dimensionamentos à punção através desses códigos a fim de se obter uma análise comparativa dos resultados. Além disso, são expostas três situações de provas de carga não destrutivas para punção, realizadas em lajes reais. Os casos, verificados a partir da comparação entre as quatro normas, servem de base para avaliações sobre o nível de segurança estrutural entre os dimensionamentos. Após as análises teóricas, conclui-se que, no geral, o EC2:2004 e a NBR 6118:2014 são os códigos que geram os resultados menos conservadores no cálculo das armaduras de punção. Já o ACI 318-11 e a NBR 6118:2007 obtêm os resultados mais conservadores para esse dimensionamento. Quando considerados os carregamentos máximos sem utilização de armadura de punção, a norma americana se destaca, obtendo valores comparáveis aos do EC2:2004 e da NBR 6118:2014. A NBR 6118:2007 resulta em dimensionamentos sempre mais conservadores.
This work studies the punching shear in prestressed slabs with unbonded tendons, for internal columns, calculated by ABNT NBR 6118:2007, ABNT NBR 6118:2014, EN 1992-1-1:2004 and ACI 318-11. Punching shear calculations will be presented in order to obtain comparative results analysis. Also, there are three situations presented of non-destructive load tests for punching shear, in real slabs. The cases, calculated using the four compared regulation codes, provide a basis for assessments of the conservatism level among the formulations. After the theoretical analysis, in general, it is concluded that EC2:2004 and NBR 6118:2014 are the codes that generate less conservative results in punching shear calculation. However, ACI 318-11 and the NBR 6118:2007 obtain the most conservative results for this design. Considering the maximum loads without the use of punching shear reinforcement ACI 318 generates values comparable to EC2 and NBR 6118:2014. The most conservative results are always generated by NBR 6118:2007.
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Grbavac, Marko. "En studie om det tyska ubåtsvapnets agerande under slaget om Atlanten : ställt i förhållande till Sir Julian Corbetts teorier om sjökrigföring." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-4868.
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Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka huruvida den tyska ubåtskrigföringen under andra världskriget använde sig av sjökrigsmetoder som beskrevs av Sir Julian Corbett i början av 1900-talet. För att testa Corbetts teorier studeras slaget om Atlanten 1939 – 1945 som ett empiriskt fall. Frågeställningen i denna rapport är: Vilka likheter och/eller skillnader finns mellan Sir Julian Corbetts sjökrigsmetoder och det tyska ubåtsvapens agerande under slaget om Atlanten? Metoden som används för denna undersökning är en komparativ metod där slaget om Atlanten studeras som ett fall. Resultatet visar att det finns en del likheter men också skillnader mellan tyskarnas ubåtskrigföring och Corbetts teorier. Corbett menar att syftet med all sjökrigföring är att alltid direkt eller indirekt säkra ett sjöherravälde eller att hindra motståndaren från att säkra den. Det tyska ubåtsvapnet försökte aldrig att etablera ett sjöherravälde utan valde att bestrida och neka britterna ett sådant. Detta gjorde de genom Corbetts metoder fleet in being, nålsticksoperationer och sjöfartskrig. Resultatet visar på en skillnad i metod gällande sjöfartskrig då Corbett menar att den effektivaste metoden är att anfalla fiendens hamninlopp och terminaler medan det tyska ubåtsvapnet bedrev sjöfartskrig ute på öppet hav med goda resultat.The purpose of this study is to examine whether the German submarine warfare during the World War II used the principles of maritime strategy described by Sir Julian Corbett during the early 1900s. The Battle of the Atlantic will be used as an empirical case to test Corbett’s theories. The issue addressed in this report: What similarities and/or differences exist between Sir Julian Corbett’s maritime strategy and the German submarine actions during the Battle of the Atlantic? The method used for this study is a comparative method and the Battle of the Atlantic is studied as a case. The result shows that there are some similarities but also differences between the German submarine warfare and Corbett's theories. Corbett believes that the purpose of all naval warfare is to always directly or indirectly secure a sea command or to prevent the opponent from securing it. The German submarine force never tried to establish a sea command but chose to deny the British Navy and establishment of one. They did this by Corbett methods fleet in being, minor counter attacks and attack of trade. The results show a difference in the approach regarding maritime war. Corbett believes that the most effective approach is to attack the enemy's harbour and terminals while the German submarine force conducted maritime war on the high seas with good results.
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Caixeta, Edielce Cristina. "Investigação experimental da fadiga em lajes de pontes com ou sem pré-lajes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3144/tde-20102010-151801/.
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As lajes dos tabuleiros de pontes de concreto armado, sejam elas maciças ou executadas com pré-lajes, são elementos estruturais suscetíveis à fadiga, devido às ações a que são submetidas. As pré-lajes, pelo fato de serem resultantes da junção de dois concretos diferentes, torna-se ainda mais suscetível à fadiga. Este trabalho apresenta estudos, ensaios e análise de resultados a respeito do comportamento à fadiga das lajes de pontes de concreto, sejam as maciças ou as executadas com pré-laje, armadas com barras ou telas soldadas. Foram realizados ensaios de fadiga de barra ao ar CA50 f10 mm isoladas e em telas para a construção da Curva de Wöhler nas condições brasileiras. Além disso, foram ensaiadas 23 lajes de concreto, sendo 6 lajes maciças e 17 executadas com prélajes, montadas com diversas configurações de armadura, submetidas a ensaios estáticos e dinâmicos. As configurações de armaduras adotadas nas lajes da pesquisa foram baseadas nas utilizadas com freqüência neste tipo de elemento das pontes, escala ½. Um dos principais motivos que levaram ao desenvolvimento desta pesquisa de caráter experimental foi a escassez de dados sobre o comportamento de lajes armadas com barras ou telas soldadas de fabricação brasileira, submetidas a ações cíclicas. Outro motivo foi a carência de estudos a respeito da iteração prélaje x capa. Foi verificado que não houve ruptura nessa região da estrutura devido aos carregamentos cíclicos aplicados no meio do vão. Ficou evidenciado também que as soldas das telas afetam sua resistência à fadiga.Concrete bridge slabs, massive or pre-slabs, are structural elements susceptible to fatigue, due to loading applied to them. Pre-slabs, result of two different concretes, become even more susceptible to fatigue. This research presents the studies, tests and analysis of the results about the behavior of concrete bridge massive slabs or pre-slabs reinforced with steel bars and welded steel meshes due to fatigue loading. Axial testing in air of CA50 f10 mm in continuous bars and steel meshes were made in order to build the Wöhler Curve to the Brazilian conditions. Besides that, tests were made in 23 concrete slabs, 6 massive slabs and 17 preslabs, with several reinforcements arrangements, submitted to static and dynamic loading. The reinforcement configurations adopted in the slabs were based on the commonly used in these bridge elements in scale ½. One of main reasons that lead this experimental research development was the scarcity of data about the behavior of concrete slabs reinforced with rebars and welded mesh made in Brazil, submitted to cycle loading. Another reason was the lack of studies about the iteration between pre-slab and concrete cover. It was verified that no rupture was found in this region of the structure due to midspan cycle loading. The welding process caused loss of fatigue resistance.
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Footen, Nicole Kristine. "The Making of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000: Viewed Through the Lens of the Advocacy Coalition Framework." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/826.
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The U.S. Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA) was the first piece of legislation designed to combat human trafficking on all fronts, both domestically and internationally, and was upheld as a model worldwide. Although human trafficking as an issue seemed to appear out of nowhere onto the congressional agenda and a number of heated debates ensued during .the making of the TVPA, the legislation passed quickly by an unlikely coalition of players. The purpose of this dissertation research was to gain insight into the forces which led to the making of the TVPA through the lens of the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) model of the policy making process.The ACF's focus on belief systems in order to increase one's understanding of the policy making process makes it an interesting model to use to examine policy making in arenas dominated by issues that involve deeply held beliefs. The human trafficking policy subsystem is one such arena, in which beliefs and attitudes regarding sexual behavior, prostitution, morality, sexual deviancy, immigrants and immigration policy, feminist issues, and public health concerns come into play. In addition, human trafficking, widely acknowledged as a public evil, is a valence issue. This dissertation research also serves as a case to examine how the ACF "holds up" as a model used to examine valence issues.This study was a dual-method study in which in-depth interviews of twenty-one key policy players involved in the making of the legislation and a content analysis of congressional hearings related to human trafficking during the 1995-2000 time period were used as methodologies.Findings reveal that advocacy coalitions did exist within the human trafficking policysubsystem and that the primary coalition responsible for the focus on human trafficking as a legislative issue was a left/right coalition made up of radical feminists, conservativeChristians, and human rights organization representatives, which was built from a pre-existing coalition. With the support of my research findings, I pose the question: was the TVPA created to protect victims of human trafficking or was the issue of human trafficking used to push a greater moral agenda including abolishing prostitution worldwide?
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Källroos, Dennis. "En postkolonial konflikt : En studie om hur konflikten i Sydsudan kan ses som en kolonial konsekvens." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-70435.
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This master thesis constitutes a review of literature from a post-colonial perspective to analyze the current conflict in south Sudan between the ethnic groups, the Nuer and the Dinka. The method used in this work is qualitative, with elements of hermeneutics. The work is based on the theories of postcolonial theory and the ethnicity and assumes the thesis of the grooves of the colonial era are also found in south Sudan and in particular by the ethnic groups that today live in the country. The aim of the thesis is to investigate the role of the colonial times have been, in the question of how the ethnic pattern looks in today's south Sudan, but also find out how the emergence of the current conflict in the country can be seen as a colonial consequence. The result shows that colonialism had a major impact on the population in the southern region and by the policy, the oppression and the new ranking structures in south Sudan strengthened the hatred between the ethnic groups and the conflict between the Nuer and Dinka could live on.
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Alves, Rejane de Barros Meireles. "Escravidão por dívidas nas relações de trabalho rural no Brasil contemporâneo: forma aviltante de exploração do ser humano e violadora de sua dignidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-11112011-110351/.
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Nos últimos anos, houve um incremento no número de denúncias e constatações de trabalho escravo na zona rural brasileira, apesar da vigência de normas jurídicas destinadas a proteger o trabalhador contra esta forma de exploração. O endividamento e o uso da violência são os principais instrumentos utilizados para obstar a liberdade do trabalhador. A compreensão jurídica do tema, a partir das normas nacionais e internacionais, possibilita o desenvolvimento de ações institucionais mais eficientes destinadas à erradicação do trabalho escravo. A observância do paradigma do trabalho decente é que permitirá que o trabalhador rural desenvolva a sua atividade em condições dignas.During the past few years, there has been an increase in the number of denunciations and evidence of slavery work in the Brazilian rural zone, despite the presence of juridical norms aiming to protect the worker against this form of exploration. Indebtedness and the use of violence are the main instruments used to hinder the workers liberty. The juridical understanding on the subject, based on national and international norms, makes it possible the development of more institutional and efficient actions aiming the eradication of slave labor. The observance of the paradigm of decent work will permit the rural worker to develop his/her activity under dignified conditions.
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Loureiro, Hugo Miguel Baptista. "Sistema de controlo e gestão de tiro desportivo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12685.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e TelecomunicaçõesO desporto em geral está em constante evolução e a vertente de tiro desportivo não é excepção. Com este projecto empreendedor pretende-se dotar os campos de tiro, vocacionados para as diversas modalidades de tiro aos pratos, com equipamentos de gestão e controlo modernizados. Consequentemente, foi desenvolvido o Sistema de Gestão e Controlo de Tiro Desportivo que irá introduzir melhorias significativas em relação à oferta existente no mercado. Para além disso, é de salientar o facto de ser tecnologia totalmente desenvolvida em Portugal, evitando deste modo os transtornos decorrentes de avarias, em que os clientes têm de recorrer a assistência técnica internacional, como acontece com a maioria das instalações existentes. O Sistema de Controlo e Gestão de Tiro Desportivo (SGCTD) integra uma Unidade Central responsável por toda a gestão do campo de tiro, com capacidade para controlar todos os periféricos presentes no recinto como: o Comando do Árbitro, os Comandos de Disparo, o Painel de Resultados e as Máquinas de Lançamento. O cérebro de todo este sistema é a Unidade Central que, dispondo de um monitor com ecrã táctil e uma aplicação gráfica desenvolvida de raiz para o efeito, centraliza todos os processos e permitirá controlar todo o sistema de um modo simples e intuitivo. Este projecto poderá constituir a rampa de acesso a um nicho de mercado ainda pouco explorado em Portugal, permitindo não só estimular a veia do empreendedorismo, como eventualmente promover a criação de emprego, contribuindo de forma positiva para a dinamização do mercado de trabalho.
Sports are constantly evolving and Sport Shooting is not an exception. This project's objective is to supply shooting ranges, equipped for clay pigeon shooting, with a modernized control and management system. With this goal in mind, we developed the Shooting Sports Control and Management System, which introduces significant improvements when compared with existing commercial solutions. Furthermore, having been fully developed in Portugal, the local users will be better served in terms of technical support and maintenance, avoiding potential long lead times when working with international suppliers. The system aims at being a clear option within its segment. It integrates in a single unit all the functions required to manage a shooting range, including the possibility to control all the peripherals in the field such as: the Referee Command, Trigger Commands, the Results Panel and Machines Release. The brain of the system resides in the Central Unit, featuring a touch-screen and a graphical interface – GUI – developed for this purpose, it centralizes all processes and will allow the control of entire system in a simple and intuitive way. Although this system had its genesis in an academic project, it can be seen as an entry point into a niche market not yet explored in Portugal, thus stimulating entrepreneurship and potentially the creation of new jobs.
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Cruz, Claudia Ferreira. "Trabalho forçado e trabalho escravo no Brasil: diferença conceitual e busca da eficácia em seu combate." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6109.
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Previous issue date: 2013-05-09This thesis approached a relatively complex phenomenon that is still observed in the Brazilian society: the existence of slave labor and forced labor, both in rural and urban areas. The main objective was to bring elements trying to show the conceptual differences between both, as well as to propose subsidies to eradicate these conditions, despite of conceptual aspects, wrong treatment even in the public sphere -, ideological positions or even lack of clarity in the definition of each of these concepts. Seeking to achieve this goal, this thesis is structured as follows: it began with a historical review of slave labor in Brazil and worldwide; then, it described what has happened on the international scene in terms of slave labor and forced labor; after that, it included features of both, considering their differences nowadays and highlighting the importance of the fundamental rights in the understanding of this differentiation. In order to deep this discussion, this work brought up the case of Bolivian immigrants in São Paulo, where it seems difficult to say exactly what it is: forced labor or slave labor? Then became involved in the revision of Brazilian legislation about the subject, showed the position of the leading Brazilian institutions involved in the solution of the exploitation of human labor, after revealing the extent of this problem in the Brazilian case. Finally, based on this material, realized several of recommendations, suggestions and subsidies to expand and improve the fight against forced labor and slave labor in Brazil, whether in rural or urban areas. Among these, are stand out: the discipline of terminology and standard of sentences in the sphere of the labor court; the complement of the PEC in terms of clarity about what is slave labor, using the concept of Decent Work for easier differentiation of terms; setting up recommendations to make clear and consensual what is slave labor and forced labor. The final conclusions bring the key messages that emerged from the development of the thesis: persisting on the fight against the exploitation of human labor in all its forms; taking out the ideological character of the discussion; regulating the outsourcing; the need of clearly identify the phenomenon: criminal problem or circumventing the labor laws?; understand them as an economic phenomenon, indicating the need of prevention and not just combat, and the absolute necessity of a clear concept of what the slave labor is
sociedade brasileira: a ocorrência de trabalho escravo e de trabalho forçado, tanto nas áreas rurais como nas áreas urbanas. O objetivo central foi trazer elementos procurando mostrar a diferença conceitual entre ambos, assim como propor subsídios para que o mesmo venha a ser erradicado, independentemente de aspectos conceituais, tratamento equivocado, inclusive na esfera pública, posições ideológicas, ou até mesmo falta de clareza na definição de cada um desses conceitos. Buscando atingir este objetivo maior, esta tese estruturou-se da seguinte forma: iniciou-se com uma revisão histórica sobre o trabalho escravo no Brasil e no Mundo; em seguida, descreveu o que tem ocorrido no cenário internacional em termos de trabalho escravo e trabalho forçado; contemplou as características de ambos, tendo em vista sua diferenciação nos dias atuais, destacando a importância dos direitos fundamentais na compreensão desta diferenciação. Buscando aprofundar esta discussão, trouxe à baila o caso dos migrantes bolivianos em São Paulo, onde parece ser difícil dizer exatamente o que se trata: trabalho forçado ou análogo ao escravo? Em seguida, enveredou-se pela revisão da legislação brasileira sobre o tema; mostrou a posição das principais instituições brasileiras envolvidas com a solução da exploração do trabalho humano, após revelar a dimensão desse problema no caso brasileiro. Finalmente, como base nesse material, realizou uma serie de recomendações, sugestões e subsídios para ampliar e melhorar o combate ao trabalho forçado e trabalho escravo no Brasil, seja na área rural ou no meio urbano. Dentre estas, destacam-se: disciplinar a terminologia e padronizar as sentenças na esfera de Justiça do Trabalho; complementar a PEC em termos da clareza necessária sobre o que venha ser trabalho escravo; utilizar o conceito do Trabalho Decente para facilitar a diferenciação dos termos, um conjunto de recomendações visando tornar claro e consensual aquilo que se rotula de trabalho escravo e trabalho forçado. As conclusões finais trazem as principais mensagens extraídas do desenvolvimento da tese: persistir no combate à exploração do trabalho humano em todas as suas formas; tirar o caráter ideológico da discussão; regulamentar a terceirização; necessidade de se identificar claramente o fenômeno: problema criminal ou burla à legislação trabalhista?; entendê-los como um fenômeno econômico, indicando, assim, a necessidade de prevenção e não somente combate; e necessidade absoluta de um conceito claro do que seja o trabalho escravo
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Sela, Eneida Maria Mercadante. "Modos de ser em modos de ver : ciencia e estetica em registros de africanos por viajantes europeus (Rio de Janeiro, ca. 1808-1850)." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280108.
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Orientador: Silvia Hunold LaraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A proposta desta tese é investigar as maneiras pelas quais os viajantes europeus que estiveram na cidade do Rio de Janeiro durante a primeira metade do século XIX registraram, em letras e figuras, os africanos na experiência da escravidão. Mais especificamente, a intenção é demonstrar o quanto esta literatura de viagem oitocentista dialoga, em várias instâncias, com certas teorias científicas e estéticas européias sobre a diversidade humana, formuladas durante as últimas décadas do século XVIII. Estas vias intelectuais, em seus embates, edificaram e legitimaram hierarquias ontológicas para os povos, tendo como alvo principal a inferiorização dos africanos. Carregando tal bagagem, os estrangeiros que visitaram a Corte carioca até 1850 depararam-se com a maior população escrava africana das Américas. O conjunto da literatura de viagem que descreve este confronto cultural e social revela as reiterações conceituais de uma gama de características físicas, mentais e comportamentais atribuídas aos africanos no cativeiro. Como objetivo mais amplo, ao examinar tais construções este trabalho gostaria de apontar alguns limites e potenciais dos testemunhos de viajantes como fontes fartamente usadas para o estudo da escravidão no Brasil oitocentista, mas que nem sempre recebem a necessária decodificação de suas linguagens e conteúdos
Abstract: The proposal of this work is to investigate the ways European travellers, who have come to the city of Rio de Janeiro during the first half of the 19th century, registered, through texts and images, Africans in the slavery experimence. More specifically, it intends to demonstrate how much this 19th century travellers¿ literature dialogues, in many instances, with some European scientific and aesthetic theories on human diversities formulated during the last decade of the 18th century. These intellectual ways, on their counterpose, built up and legitimated ontological hierarchies to human groups, having, as a main target, African devaluation. Carrying such backgrounds, foreigners who visited Brazilian Court until 1850, faced the biggest African slave population of the Americas. The set of travel literature, which describes such cultural and social counterpose, reveals conceptual reiterations of a whole lot of physical, mental and behavioural characteristics given to Africans in captivity. As a wider objective, examining such constructions, this work is meant to point out some limits and potentials of travellers¿ witnesses as highly used sources to Brazilian 19th century slavery. studies, which have not always received the necessary decoding on their languages and contents
Doutorado
Historia Social
Doutor em História
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Avilla, Junior Jovair. "Contribuição ao projeto e execução de lajes lisas nervuradas pré-fabricadas com vigotas treliçadas." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4656.
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Previous issue date: 2010-02-18The big surge in use of systems for flat slabs gave up the search for freedom in the definition and organization of architectural interior spaces in buildings. The design and construction of buildings on flat slabs, which allow great mobility in defining the internal space of the building and reducing its height. The slabs with prefabricated trussed beams using forms lost in blocks of expanded polystyrene (EPS) or removable forms, brought new perspectives to the design of flat slabs, allowing greater spans with low deadweight. The precast elements are lightweight, easy handling, transport and assembly, and require the use of molds and special equipment and requires little bracing. Computer programs have emerged in recent years provide more refined calculations that predict the behavior of the structure in service with greater precision. This way the designers have increased security in systems design less common as flat slabs ribbed, without internal beams, capitals and even edge beams. In Brazil the predominant culture in the design and implementation of flat slabs is given by the system option molded on site. The objectives of this study are: to seek answers to the prevailing cultural behavior, and to compare their advantages and disadvantages when compared with cast on site, presenting the normative regulations and simplified calculation method according to ABNT NBR 6118:2003, provide subsidies for the project and implementation of flat slabs with ribbed prefabricated trussed beams, provide a calculation method for the infinitely rigid diaphragm; present a real case study as a comparison of costs.
O grande impulso na utilização dos sistemas de lajes lisas deu-se pela busca de liberdade na definição e organização arquitetônica de espaços internos em edifícios. O projeto e execução de edificações em lajes lisas, permitem grande mobilidade na definição do espaço interno do edifício e na redução da sua altura final. As lajes pré-fabricadas com vigotas treliçadas que utilizam fôrmas perdidas em blocos de Poliestireno Expandido (EPS) ou fôrmas removíveis trouxeram novas perspectivas ao projeto de lajes lisas, permitindo vãos maiores com baixo peso próprio. Os elementos pré-moldados são leves, de fácil manuseio, transporte e montagem, dispensam o uso de fôrmas e equipamentos especiais e requerem pouco escoramento. Programas computacionais surgidos nos últimos anos propiciam cálculos mais refinados que permitem prever o comportamento em serviço da estrutura com maior precisão. Dessa maneira, os projetistas têm maior segurança no projeto de sistemas menos usuais, como lajes lisas nervuradas, sem vigas internas, capitéis e até mesmo vigas de borda. No Brasil, a cultura predominante no projeto e execução de lajes lisas se dá pela opção do sistema moldado no local. Nestes termos, os objetivos do presente trabalho são: buscar respostas para o comportamento cultural predominante; comparar suas vantagens e desvantagens em relação aos sistemas moldados no local; apresentar as regulamentações normativas e o método de cálculo simplificado segundo a ABNT NBR 6118:2003; fornecer subsídios para o projeto e execução das lajes lisas nervuradas pré-fabricadas com vigotas treliçadas; apresentar um método de cálculo para o diafragma infinitamente rígido e apresentar um estudo de caso real como comparativo de custos.
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Pliley, Jessica Rae. "Any Other Immoral Purpose: The Mann Act, Policing Women, and the American State, 1900 – 1941." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281537489.
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Almabruk, Bleblou Omalkhear Salem. "Some new lattice valued algebraic structures with comparative analysis of various approaches." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2017. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=105400&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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In this work a comparative analysis of several approaches to fuzzy algebraic structures and comparison of previous approaches to the recent one developed at University of Novi Sad has been done. Special attention is paid to reducts and expansions of algebraic structures in fuzzy settings. Besides mentioning all the relevant algebras and properties developed in this setting, particular new algebras and properties are developed and investigated. Some new structures, in particular Omega Boolean algebras, Omega Boolean lattices and Omega Boolean rings are developed in the framework of omega structures. Equivalences among these structures are elaborated in details. Transfers from Omega groupoids to Omega groups and back are demonstrated. Moreover, normal subgroups are introduced in a particular way. Their connections to congruences are elaborated in this settings. Subgroups, congruences and normal subgroups are investigated for Ω-groups. These are latticevalued algebraic structures, defined on crisp algebras which are not necessarily groups, and in which the classical equality is replaced by a lattice-valued one. A normal Ω-subgroup is defined as a particular class in an Ω-congruence. Our main result is that the quotient groups over cuts of a normal Ω- subgroup of an Ω-group G, are classical normal subgroups of the corresponding quotient groups over G. We also describe the minimal normal Ω-subgroup of an Ω-group, and some other constructions related to Ω-valued congruences.Further results that are obtained are theorems that connect various approaches of fuzzy algebraic structures. A special notion of a generalized lattice valued Boolean algebra is introduced. The universe of this structure is an algebra with two binary, an unary and two nullary operations (as usual), but which is not a crisp Boolean algebra in general. A main element in our approach is a fuzzy quivalence relation such that the Boolean algebras identities are approximately satisfied related to the considered fuzzy equivalence. Main properties of the new introduced notions are proved, and a connection with the notion of a structure of a generalized fuzzy lattice is provided.Ovaj rad bavi se komparativnom analizom različitih pristupa rasplinutim (fazi) algebarskim strukturama i odnosom tih struktura sa odgovarajućim klasičnim algebrama. Posebna pažnja posvećena je poredenju postojećih pristupa ovom problemu sa novim tehnikama i pojmovima nedavno razvijenim na Univerzitetu u Novom Sadu. U okviru ove analize, proučavana su i proširenja kao i redukti algebarskih struktura u kontekstu rasplinutih algebri. Brojne važne konkretne algebarske strukture istraživane su u ovom kontekstu, a neke nove uvedene su i ispitane. Bavili smo se detaljnim istrazivanjima Ω-grupa, sa stanovista kongruencija, normalnih podgrupa i veze sa klasicnim grupama. Nove strukture koje su u radu uvedene u posebnom delu, istrazene su sa aspekta svojstava i medusobne ekvivalentnosti. To su Ω-Bulove algebre, kao i odgo-varajuce mreže i Bulovi prsteni. Uspostavljena je uzajamna ekvivalentnost tih struktura analogno odnosima u klasičnoj algebri. U osnovi naše konstrukcije su mrežno vrednosne algebarske strukture denisane na klasičnim algebrama koje ne zadovoljavaju nužno identitete ispunjene na odgovarajucim klasičnim strukturama (Bulove algebre, prsteni, grupe itd.), već su to samo algebre istog tipa. Klasična jednakost zamenjena je posebnom kompatibilnom rasplinutom (mrežno-vrednosnom) relacijom ekvivalencije. Na navedeni nacin i u cilju koji je u osnovi teze (poredenja sa postojecim pristupima u ovoj naucnoj oblasti) proucavane su (vec denisane) Ω-grupe. U nasim istraživanju uvedene su odgovarajuće normalne podgrupe. Uspostavljena je i istražena njihova veza sa Ω-kongruencijama. Normalna podgrupa Ω-grupe definisana je kao posebna klasa Ω-kongruencije. Jedan od rezultata u ovom delu je da su količničke grupe definisane pomocu nivoa Ω-jednakosti klasične normalne podgrupe odgovarajućih količničkih podgrupa polazne -grupe. I u ovom slučaju osnovna struktura na kojoj je denisana Ω-grupa je grupoid, ne nužno grupa. Opisane su osobine najmanje normalne podgrupe u terminima Ω-kongruencija, a date su i neke konstrukcije Ω-kongruencija.Rezultati koji su izloženi u nastavku povezuju različite pristupe nekim mrežno- vrednosnim strukturama. Ω-Bulova algebra je uvedena na strukturi sa dve binarne, unarnom i dve nularne operacije, ali za koju se ne zahteva ispunjenost klasičnih aksioma. Identiteti za Bulove algebre važe kao mrežno-teoretske formule u odnosu na mrežno-vrednosnu jednakost. Klasicne Bulove algebre ih zadovoljavaju, ali obratno ne vazi: iz tih formula ne slede standardne aksiome za Bulove algebre. Na analogan nacin uveden je i Ω-Bulov prsten. Glavna svojstva ovih struktura su opisana. Osnovna osobina je da se klasične Bulove algebre odnosno Bulovi prsteni javljaju kao količničke strukture na nivoima Ω -jednakosti. Veza ove strukture sa Ω-Bulovom mrežom je pokazana.Kao ilustracija ovih istraživanja, u radu je navedeno više primera.
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Danieli, Neto Mario. "Escravidão e indústria : Sorocaba (SP) : 1765-1895." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285515.
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Orientador: Jose Jobson de Andrade ArrudaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Escravidão e indústria são temas de polêmicas discussões históricas. Pelo menos desde o século XIX, estudiosos de diversas áreas buscaram compreender as questões que envolveram o trabalho escravo em ambientes fabris. O problema central está em refletir sobre a suposta incompatibilidade do escravo frente ao labor industrial, constantemente ressaltada na historiografia que mostra o escravo como incapaz de se adaptar às atividades que exigiam destreza técnica e conhecimentos de máquinas, além de não se habituarem ao ritmo da produção industrial. Mas não somente isso; para alguns historiadores a dicotomia entre escravidão e indústria é algo mais sério, pois os esforços para se implantar indústrias seriam barrados pela presença da instituição escravista. Nesta tese, propus estudar o caso da Fábrica de Ferro São João de Ipanema, em Sorocaba (SP), buscando resgatar importantes pontos para a discussão das relações de trabalho escravistas em um empreendimento industrial. Discute-se preliminarmente, as visões sobre a escravidão industrial de forma comparativa entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos com ênfase no século XIX. Por sua vez, para um melhor entendimento daquilo que se costumou denominar indústria no Brasil, segue-se uma abordagem sobre pré-indústria e protoindustrialização, pautando-se pelas principais referências teóricas européias e refletindo a respeito desses dois conceitos no caso do Brasil. Tal passo foi o caminho necessário para compreender historicamente a importância da Fábrica Ipanema, cuja trajetória foi analisada a partir de fontes primárias pertencentes ao estabelecimento e relatórios governamentais. Surge então a questão da mão-de-obra. Desde os primórdios, os escravos foram uma presença marcante entre os trabalhadores da companhia. Resgatar um pouco da história dos escravos que lá trabalharam, bem como de um outro grupo importante, os africanos livres, conduziu-nos a conclusões importantes. A disciplina de trabalho era contestada pelos dois grupos de trabalhadores, por meio de fugas, revoltas ou utilizando-se dos meios judiciais disponíveis que conseguiam. A violência da escravidão na Fábrica não era menor que aquela aplicada aos escravos nas fazendas de açúcar ou café. Os arranjos familiares eram presentes entre escravos e africanos livres que pretendiam constituir suas famílias, casando-se dentro da própria fábrica. Por fim, argumenta-se que a incompatibilidade entre escravidão e trabalho industrial necessita ser repensada, pois a história da Fábrica Ipanema é repleta de situações que exemplificam o contrário
Abstract: Slavery and industry are subjects of controversies historical debates. At least since 19th century, studious of diverse areas they had searched to understand the questions that had involved the enslaved work in industrial environments. The central problem is in reflecting on the supposed incompatibility of the slavery front to the industrial work, constantly salient in the historiography that shows the slave as incapable of adapting to the activities that demanded dexterity technique and knowledge of machines, beyond not becoming accustomed itself to the rhythm of the industrial production. But not only this; for some historians the dichotomy between slavery and industry is something more serious, therefore the efforts to implant industries would be barred by the presence of the slavery institution. In this thesis, I considered to study the case of the Plant of Iron São João de Ipanema, in Sorocaba (SP), searching to rescue important points for the quarrel of the slavery relationships of work in an industrial enterprise. It is argued preliminarily, the visions on the industrial slavery of comparative form between Brazil and the United States with emphasis in century XIX. In turn, for one better agreement of what call industry in Brazil, follows a boarding on pre-industry and protoindustrialization, based in Europeans theoretical references and reflecting regarding these two concepts in the case of Brazil. Such step was the way necessary to understand the importance of the Ipanema Plant, whose trajectory was analyzed from pertaining primary sources to the establishment and governmental reports. The question appears then of the man power. Since the early years, the slaves had been a full presence onto the workers of the company. To rescue a little of the history of the slaves who had worked there, as well as of one another important group, the free Africans, lead-in the a important conclusions. He disciplines it of work was contested for the two groups of workers, by means of escapes, revolts or using itself of the available judicial ways that obtained. The violence of the slavery in the Plant was not minor who that one applied to the slaves in the sugar farms or coffee. The familiar arrangements were used by African slaves and whom they intended to constitute its families, being married inside of the proper plant. Finally, the history of the Ipanema Plant is argued that the incompatibility between slavery and industrial work needs to be rethinking in another point of view, therefore is full of situations that exemplify the opposite
Doutorado
Historia Economica
Doutor em Desenvolvimento Economico
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Eghosa, Edeghagba Elijah. "Ω-Algebraic Structures." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2017. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=104206&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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The research work carried out in this thesis is aimed at fuzzifying algebraic and relational structures in the framework of Ω-sets, where Ω is a complete lattice.Therefore we attempt to synthesis universal algebra and fuzzy set theory. Our investigations of Ω-algebraic structures are based on Ω-valued equality, satisability of identities and cut techniques. We introduce Ω-algebras, Ω-valued congruences, corresponding quotient Ω-valued-algebras and Ω-valued homomorphisms and we investigate connections among these notions. We prove that there is an Ω-valued homomorphism from an Ω-algebra to the corresponding quotient Ω-algebra. The kernelof an Ω-valued homomorphism is an Ω-valued congruence. When dealing with cut structures, we prove that an Ω-valued homomorphism determines classical homomorphisms among the corresponding quotient structures over cut subalgebras. In addition, an Ω-valued congruence determines a closure system of classical congruences on cut subalgebras. In addition, identities are preserved under Ω-valued homomorphisms. Therefore in the framework of Ω-sets we were able to introduce Ω-attice both as an ordered and algebraic structures. By this Ω-poset is defined as an Ω-set equipped with Ω-valued order which is antisymmetric with respect to the corresponding Ω-valued equality. Thus defining the notion of pseudo-infimum and pseudo-supremum we obtained the definition of Ω-lattice as an ordered structure. It is also defined that the an Ω-lattice as an algebra is a bi-groupoid equipped with an Ω-valued equality fulfilling some particular lattice Ω-theoretical formulas. Thus using axiom of choice we proved that the two approaches are equivalent. Then we also introduced the notion of complete Ω-lattice based on Ω-lattice. It was defined as a generalization of the classical complete lattice.We proved results that characterizes Ω-structures and many other interesting results.Also the connection between Ω-algebra and the notion of weak congruences is presented.We conclude with what we feel are most interesting areas for future work.Tema ovog rada je fazifikovanje algebarskih i relacijskih struktura u okviru omega- skupova, gdeje Ω kompletna mreza. U radu se bavimo sintezom oblasti univerzalne algebre i teorije rasplinutih (fazi) skupova. Naša istraživanja omega-algebarskih struktura bazirana su na omega-vrednosnoj jednakosti,zadovoljivosti identiteta i tehnici rada sa nivoima. U radu uvodimo omega-algebre,omega-vrednosne kongruencije, odgovarajuće omega-strukture, i omega-vrednosne homomorfizme i istražujemo veze izmedju ovih pojmova. Dokazujemo da postoji Ω -vrednosni homomorfizam iz Ω -algebre na odgovarajuću količničku Ω -algebru. Jezgro Ω -vrednosnog homomorfizma je Ω- vrednosna kongruencija. U vezi sa nivoima struktura, dokazujemo da Ω -vrednosni homomorfizam odredjuje klasične homomorfizme na odgovarajućim količničkim strukturama preko nivoa podalgebri. Osim toga, Ω-vrednosna kongruencija odredjuje sistem zatvaranja klasične kongruencije na nivo podalgebrama. Dalje, identiteti su očuvani u Ω- vrednosnim homomorfnim slikama.U nastavku smo u okviru Ω-skupova uveli Ω-mreže kao uredjene skupove i kao algebre i dokazali ekvivalenciju ovih pojmova. Ω-poset je definisan kao Ω -relacija koja je antisimetrična i tranzitivna u odnosu na odgovarajuću Ω-vrednosnu jednakost. Definisani su pojmovi pseudo-infimuma i pseudo-supremuma i tako smo dobili definiciju Ω-mreže kao uredjene strukture. Takodje je definisana Ω-mreža kao algebra, u ovim kontekstu nosač te strukture je bi-grupoid koji je saglasan sa Ω-vrednosnom jednakošću i ispunjava neke mrežno-teorijske formule. Koristeći aksiom izbora dokazali smo da su dva pristupa ekvivalentna. Dalje smo uveli i pojam potpune Ω-mreže kao uopštenje klasične potpune mreže. Dokazali smo još neke rezultate koji karakterišu Ω-strukture.Data je i veza izmedju Ω-algebre i pojma slabih kongruencija.Na kraju je dat prikaz pravaca daljih istrazivanja.
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Baumgarten, Joseph Ephraim. "Combating the Banality of Evil: Portrayals of the Literary Female Villain in Günter Grass's Danziger Trilogie and Novella, Im Krebsgang." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2005. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/653.
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In Günter Grass's Danzig Trilogy and novella, Im Krebsgang, an antagonistic female type makes a repeated appearance. She appears in the guise of Susi Kater and Luzie Rennwand in Die Blechtrommel, and as Tulla Pokriefke in the other works, Katz und Maus, Hundejahre, and Im Krebsgang. This antagonistic female type is not like other women in these works. A review of Le Deuxième Sexe by feminist Simone de Beauvoir reveals several crucial components contributing to woman's position in society. Most essentially, a woman's natural attributes and (dis)abilities and the conventions of society have enforced her historical submission to man. This thesis analyzes how the antagonistic female type, or villain, compares and contrasts with other female figures in these works by Grass, according to a paradigm derived from Beauvoir's description of woman. From this analysis, a better understanding of the female villain's nature emerges. Indeed, such a comparison demonstrates that certain female figures in the works of Grass transcend their historically oppressed or subdued status by refusing to submit to those natural handicaps and societal restrictions identified by Beauvoir, and thus become a threat to man's status or security as an antagonistic female type, or villain. However, the villain figure is not always inherently evil, but possesses the capacity to change. The villain and victim can reconcile their differences and may even form a friendly relationship. This evolving villain-victim duality becomes most clear in Grass's work, Im Krebsgang, and suggests the possibility of assuaging contemporary conflicts as educators sympathize with the experiences of both extremist groups and victimized parties and help them come to terms with their differences.
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SOSIO, FRANCESCA. "«... DISPERATAMENTE FECESI TURCHO»: Alipio di S. Giuseppe (1617-1645, OAD), tra adesione all'Islam, martirio e santità." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/713.
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Prigioniero a Tripoli e falso sacerdote. Apostata e penitente. Supposto martire e, pertanto, candidato alla santità. È questo il ritratto di Alipio di S. Giuseppe che emerge dalle fonti agiografiche e dal cospicuo, e in gran parte inedito, corpus documentario, di cui il primo capitolo della tesi offre un’articolata ricognizione. La vicenda di questo frate agostiniano scalzo di origine palermitana – che ben si inserisce nel contesto mediterraneo dei secoli XVI-XVII, caratterizzato da un continuo e ampio rimescolamento di uomini, merci, appartenenze religiose e culturali, e di cui la guerra di corsa, con tutte le sue conseguenze, costituisce una delle dimensioni più rappresentative – fu anzitutto una vicenda di prigionia, conversione all’islam e successiva abiura, nonché di martirio, cui il religioso andò volontariamente incontro nel febbraio del 1645; di questi aspetti, delle modalità con cui il tragico fatto fu trasmesso dai missionari apostolici residenti a Tripoli e recepito all’interno dell’Ordine degli Agostiniani Scalzi, oltre che delle interessanti analogie con altri episodi di apostasia si parla nel secondo capitolo. Nel terzo capitolo, invece, si dà conto del ruolo di primo piano avuto dalla famiglia siciliana dei Tomasi nella promozione della causa di beatificazione di fra Alipio, avviata in seguito all’arrivo, nel 1653, delle sue reliquie sul litorale agrigentino e approdata, dopo le ordinariae inquisitiones del biennio 1654-1656, alla Congregazione dei Riti, che però espresse parere negativo sia nel 1658 sia sessant’anni più tardi.Captive in Tripoli and false priest, apostate and penitent, alleged martyr and then candidate to sainthood. That is the portrait the first part of this work brought to light from the considerable documentary corpus about Alipio di San Giuseppe, mostly still unpublished. The human existence of this Augustinian Discalceate friar from Palermo – set in the XVI and XVII centuries, when in the Mediterranean mix of people, goods, religions, also privateering was a significant aspect – is a sequence of captivity, conversion to Islam and following abjuration, culminating in the martyrdom he deliberately chose in February 1645. This story, its narration made by the apostolic missionaries in Tripoli as wells as its understanding by the Augustinian Discalceate order are investigated in the second chapter and compared with similar episodes of abjuration. In the third part the relevant role played by the Sicilian family Tomasi in promoting the beatification proceedings of Alipio is explained; started after his relics were brought to the shore near Agrigento in 1653, the proceedings moved to the Congregatio Sacrorum Rituum after the ordinariae inquisitiones in 1654-1656, and there were denied first in 1658 and definitively 60 years later.
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Pappas, Adlreburg Nickolas. "To Make Iron of Iron : A Comprehensive Analytical Study of Spade Shaped Iron Bars." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-145694.
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This thesis aims to provide adequate analytical information on the spade shaped iron bars of Norrland and central Sweden. While their significance has been thoroughly debated for decades, analytical research on them has been confined to cases of single artefacts or theoretical interpretations of their value, meaning and origin. In this study a comprehensive approach is taken into consideration. Based on X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and metallographical analysis this thesis seeks to facilitate new interpretations on quality, production centres and usage based on analytical results. Aiming to settle some of the long lasting questions regarding the artefacts while producing results which can further the discussion by raising new questions, previously unasked.
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Sheehan, Lucy Ludwig. "Willing Slaves: The Victorian Novel and the Afterlife of British Slavery." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8000236.
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The commencement of the Victorian period in the 1830s coincided with the abolition of chattel slavery in the British colonies. Consequently, modern readers have tended to focus on how the Victorians identified themselves with slavery’s abolition and either denied their past involvement with slavery or imagined that slave past as insurmountably distant. “Willing Slaves: The Victorian Novel and the Afterlife of British Slavery” argues, however, that colonial slavery survived in the Victorian novel in a paradoxical form that I term “willing slavery.” A wide range of Victorian novelists grappled with memories of Britain’s slave past in ways difficult for modern readers to recognize because their fiction represented slaves as figures whose bondage might seem, counterintuitively, self-willed.
Nineteenth-century Britons produced fictions of “willing slavery” to work through the contradictions inherent to nineteenth-century individualism. As a fictional subject imagined to take pleasure in her own subjection, the willing slave represented a paradoxical figure whose most willful act was to give up her individuality in order to maintain cherished emotional bonds. This figure should strike modern readers as a contradiction in terms, at odds with the violence and dehumanization of chattel slavery. But for many significant Victorian writers, willing slavery was a way of bypassing contradictions still familiar to us today: the Victorian individualist was meant to be atomistic yet sympathetic, possessive yet sheltered from market exchange, a monad most at home within the collective unit of the family. By contrast, writers as diverse as John Stuart Mill, Charlotte Brontë, Charles Dickens, and George Eliot located willing slavery in a pre-Victorian history where social life revolved, they imagined, around obligation and familial attachments rather than individual freedom. Rooted in this fictive past, the willing slave had no individual autonomy or self-possession, but was defined instead by a different set of contradictions: a radical dependency and helpless emotional bondage that could nonetheless appear willing and willful, turning this fictional enslavement itself into an expression of the will. For Dickens, willing slavery provided an image of social interdependency that might heal the ills of the modern world by offering what one All the Year Round author described as “a better slavery than loveless freedom.” For novelists such as Brontë and Eliot who were no less critical of Victorian individualism, however, fantasies of willing slavery became the very fiction that their work aimed to dissolve.
Chapter One argues that Frances Trollope’s groundbreaking antislavery fiction mirrors West Indian slave narratives in describing the slave plantation as coldly mechanical, and then extends this vision to portray early industrial England as an emotionally deprived social world similarly in need of repair. In the second chapter, I argue that Dickens responds to that emotional deprivation, and the replacement of traditional family bonds with what he describes as the “social contract of matrimony,” by producing a nostalgic account of willing slavery’s dependencies that draws on discourses of slavery found in British case law, where attorneys could exhort the slaveholder to “attach [slaves] to himself by the ties of affection.” The last two chapters argue that Charlotte Brontë’s Villette and George Eliot’s Daniel Deronda ironize this earlier nostalgia through female characters who grapple with the archetype of the willing slave. As their characters adopt and then discard the theatrical pose of willing subjection embodied by melodramatic heroines such as Dion Boucicault’s “octoroon” Zoe, Brontë and Eliot draw attention to the contradictions inherent to willing slavery, reframing it as a fantasy enjoyed exclusively by white Britons intent on shoring up the familial intimacies that helped preserve their social and economic dominance. These ironic reframings reveal a final paradox: though willing slavery helped create an analogy between African chattel slaves and British family members in fiction, this trope ultimately highlights the differences between the chattel slavery of Africans abroad, where the disruption of kinship bonds was a crucial method for exploitation and domination, and the imagined household subjection of English characters, rooted in the putatively binding qualities of family feeling.
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YANG, LI-FANG, and 楊麗芳. "The Research of Changes and Influences in Public on Taiwanese Sex Slaves in the Japanese Military." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77248589326432280969.
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碩士國立臺北大學
社會工作學系
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During World War II, the Japanese military drafted women into military sexual slavery, forcing them to be the “comfort women.” After the war, these victimized women were not identified as victims, but kept living under the influence of the patriarchal society. They could only hide their physical and psychological pain, and lived a lonely and hard life. Not until the 90s when the “comfort women” issue got society’s attention did the victims start to speak out one by one. This research is the reflection of the researcher being a social worker who accompanies and serves the “comfort women” victims. It aims to look into the reason and struggles behind the victims’ decision to testify and make public appearance, and the influence of the publicization of the “comfort women” issue on their lives. The research presents findings from a qualitative secondary analysis of data gathered from the victims’ individual interviews, and the records of the therapeutic workshops. The research finds that under the influence of patriarchy and colonialism, the victims became vulnerable due to gender, economical, and racial oppressions as well as class discrimination. The Japanese colonial government took advantage of such vulnerability to force these women into sexual slavery through deception, abduction, and random selection. After hundreds and thousands of painful days in the comfort stations, a series of miseries happened to the victims again: the post-traumatic symptoms and discrimination from society impacted them negatively, resulting in frustration about being women and insecurity in lives, which later became the main reason for them to speak out. However, the victims found a way out for their suppressed emotion and pain by interacting with each other. Realizing the importance of education and history preservation also made them willing to make public appearance to show their courage and perseverance. The publicization of the “comfort women” issue has brought in resources to take care of the victims’ physical and psychological health; nevertheless, it has also led to discrimination from society, second victimization by the Japanese government’s denial, and the interruption from the “comfort women” movement, which have disturbed the victims physically and psychologically again and again. These are all the impacts the publicization of the “comfort women” issue has made on the victims.
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"Negotiating the master narratives of prostitution, slavery, and rape in the testimonies by and representations of Korean sex slaves of the Japanese military (1932--1945)." GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY, 2009. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3341613.
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