Journal articles: 'Sex slaves'

1

Edmunds, Marilyn W. "Sex Slaves." Journal for Nurse Practitioners 8, no. 6 (June 2012): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2012.04.002.

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Scheidel, Walter. "Human Mobility in Roman Italy, II: The Slave Population." Journal of Roman Studies 95 (November 2005): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3815/000000005784016270.

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In this paper, I seek to delineate the build-up of the Italian slave population. My parametric model revolves around two variables: the probable number of slaves in Roman Italy, and the demographic structure of the servile population. I critique existing estimates of slave totals and propose a new ‘bottom-up’ approach; discuss the probable sex ratio, mortality regime and family structure of the Italian slaves; and advance a new estimate of the overall volume of slave transfers. I argue that the total number of slaves in Roman Italy did not exceed one-and-a-half million, and that this population had been created by the influx of between two and four million slaves during the last two centuries B.C.

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Myrne, Pernilla. "Slaves for Pleasure in Arabic Sex and Slave Purchase Manuals from the Tenth to the Twelfth Centuries." Journal of Global Slavery 4, no. 2 (June 6, 2019): 196–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00402004.

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Abstract Women probably made up the majority of the slave population in the medieval Islamic world, most of them used for domestic service. As men were legally permitted to have sexual relations with their female slaves, enslaved women could be used for sexual service. Erotic compendia and sex manuals were popular literature in the premodern Islamic world, and are potentially rich sources for the history of sex slavery, especially when juxtaposed with legal writings. This article uses Arabic sex manuals and slave purchase manuals from the tenth to the twelfth century to investigate the attitudes toward sexual slavery during this period, as well as the changing ethnicities and origins of slaves, and the use of legal manipulations.

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ANDERSON, BRIDGET. "Sex, slaves and stereotypes." Global Networks 8, no. 3 (July 2008): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2008.00200.x.

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Ali, Kecia. "Concubinage and Consent." International Journal of Middle East Studies 49, no. 1 (January 20, 2017): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743816001203.

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In our imperfect world, rape happens frequently but nearly no one publicly defends the legitimacy of forcible or nonconsensual sex. So pervasive is deference to some notion of consent that even Daʿish supporters who uphold the permissibility of enslaving women captured in war can insist that their refusal or resistance makes sex unlawful. Apparently, one can simultaneously laud slave concubinage and anathematize rape. A surprising assertion about consent also appears in a recent monograph by a scholar of Islamic legal history who declares in passing that the Qurʾan forbids nonconsensual relationships between owners and their female slaves, claiming that “the master–slave relationship creates a status through which sexual relationsmay become licit, provided both parties consent.” She contends that “the sources” treat a master's nonconsensual sex with his female slave as “tantamount to the crime ofzinā[illicit sex] and/or rape.” Though I believe in the strongest possible terms that meaningful consent is a prerequisite for ethical sexual relationships, I am at a loss to find this stance mirrored in the premodern Muslim legal tradition, which accepted and regulated slavery, including sex between male masters and their female slaves.

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Eltis, David. "THe Volume, Age/Sex Ratios, and African Impact of the Slave Trade: Some Refinements of Paul Lovejoy's Review of the Literature." Journal of African History 31, no. 3 (November 1990): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700031194.

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Continuing the discussion of issues relating to Africa that arise from research into the volume of the Atlantic slave trade, this comment pursues three points raised by Paul Lovejoy's recent update in the Journal of African History (December 1989). An independent count of the data in the Mettas-Daget catalogue of French slaving ships and a careful assessment of its possible incompleteness makes it unlikely that upward adjustment greater than 12 per cent can be justified, giving an overall total for French exports from Africa of 1,125,000 for the period 1700–1810. Analysis of other research reconfirms the conventional estimate of two males carried abroad for every female slave. Finally, formal supply-demand theory interprets lower export prices for slaves in the nineteenth century as implying that internal African demand for slave labor did not fully replace demand from the Atlantic, thus modifying Lovejoy's linkage of a ‘transformation’ toward increased use of slaves to economic changes outside Africa; the reasons for possible increased use of slaves in nineteenth-century Africa must therefore lie within the continent.

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Hoefinger, Heidi. "sex slaves and discourse masters." Feminist Review 102, no. 1 (October 17, 2012): e10-e13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/fr.2012.17.

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Gournelos, Ted. "Puppets, Slaves, and Sex Changes." Television & New Media 10, no. 3 (April 22, 2009): 270–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476409334018.

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Cottias, Myriam. "A note on 18th- and 19th-century plantation inventories from Martinique." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 64, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1990): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002022.

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Exploration of Martiniquan slave inventories in the 18th and 19th centuries. The author shows that each plantation had its own mode of classifying slaves: by age, by age and sex, by family groups or following some other order.

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Flexsenhar, Michael. "Sought Out for Luxury, Castrated for Lust: Mistress-Slave Sex in Tertullian’s Ad Uxorem 2.8.4." Vigiliae Christianae 72, no. 5 (October 29, 2018): 484–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700720-12341372.

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Abstract While speaking to the women of his church about marriage, widowhood, and remarriage Tertullian of Carthage marshals a negative example of prosperous gentile women taking their own freedmen or slaves as their sexual partners. Common opinion is that this example was chiefly metaphorical, warning against mixed marriages between Christian women and non-Christian men. This article shows that Tertullian’s example of mistress-slave sex was a rhetorical trope also deployed in other early Christian writings that participated in a Roman literary discourse on household management (oikonomia). As such Tertullian’s example of mistress-slave sex was more than metaphorical. It sought to establish a marriage economy that regulated Christian women’s bodies for their economic resources. The example further reveals Tertullian’s economic interests in Christian marriage, tensions over gender roles and class, and a fear that some Christian women might also enter relationships with their own freedmen or slaves.

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11

Geggus, David. "Sex Ratio, Age and Ethnicity in the Atlantic Slave Trade: data from French shipping and plantation records." Journal of African History 30, no. 1 (March 1989): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700030863.

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This article examines the age and sex composition of the Atlantic slave trade in the belief it was of considerable significance in shaping black society in both Africa and the Americas. Focusing on the French slave trade, two main samples are analysed. One is composed of 177,000 slaves transported in French ships during the years 1714–92, which is taken from the Répertoire des expéditions négrières of Jean Mettas and Serge Daget. The other, derived from nearly 400 estate inventories, consists of more than 13,300 Africans who lived on Saint Domingue plantations in the period 1721–97. The results are compared with existing knowledge of the demo-graphic composition of the Atlantic slave trade to show the range of variation that existed through time between different importing and exporting regions, and to shed light on the forces of supply and demand that determined the proportions of men, women and children who were sold as slaves across the ocean. Significant and consistent contrasts are found between different ethnic groups in Africa and different slaveholding societies in the New World, many of them thus far unnoticed in the scholarly literature.

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Suzuki, Hideaki. "Enslaved Population and Indian Owners Along the East African Coast: Exploring the Rigby Manumission List, 1860–1861." History in Africa 39 (2012): 209–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2012.0014.

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Abstract:The main purpose of this article is to explore the potential of the “List of Slaves unlawfully held in slavery by British Indian Subjects at Zanzibar & its Dependencies, who have been emancipated at the Consulate” for historical slavery studies. This list, a result of the first British-led manumission campaign against slave ownership along the east coast of Africa, is the most comprehensive list detailing slave ownership and slaves for the pre-colonial coastal society of East Africa. Despite of the importance and uniqueness, both this list and the campaign have not been yet fully analyzed. This article challenges to extract the data as much as possible from the list, not only sex ratio and ethnic origin of enslaved individuals, but also their identity and emotional status. Moreover, this article shows an aspect of slave ownership by British Indian subjects from the list.

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13

Geggus, David. "Sex Ratio and Ethnicity: a Reply to Paul E. Lovejoy." Journal of African History 30, no. 3 (November 1989): 395–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700024440.

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I feel I should make clear that the ethnicity data in my article were intended only to shed light on the question of sex ratio. They do not provide an accurate reflection of the ethnic make-up of the eighteenth-century French slave trade, nor even of the trade to Saint Domingue. For this reason, I would hesitate to compare them, as Professor Lovejoy does, to Patrick Manning's projections based on decennial samples of plantation papers. The relatively high proportion of Hausa, Nupe and Voltaic slaves that Lovejoy remarks on was caused by the preponderance of post-1780 sources in my sample.

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Miller, Joseph C. "The Numbers, Origins, and Destinations of Slaves in the Eighteenth-Century Angolan Slave Trade." Social Science History 13, no. 4 (1989): 381–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200020526.

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The “numbers game” (Curtin, 1969: ch. 1; Darity, 1985) remains a favorite event in academic jousting over the Atlantic slave trade, not only because unexpectedly detailed quantitative records continue to turn up in archival repositories but also, more recently, because of the suppleness with which scholars have applied data discovered by the first generation of researchers to new, and increasingly more sophisticated, historical problems. Old, relatively formal, analytical categories—decades; large, internally diverse stretches of the African coast; colonial/national aggregates on the American side of the Atlantic—although comparable among themselves, now seem more revealing of the data than of the history of the trade and are very salutarily giving way to questions and issues arising more directly from the experience itself: the causes of slave mortality, the economic strategies of slavers, age and sex distinctions among the slaves, the meaning of slaving for specific regions in Africa, and the trade’s contributions to events in Europe and the Americas. Use of quantitative data now presupposes the discovery of historically relevant categories of analysis and at the same time informs the meaning of the categories employed.

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Thiébaut, Rafaël. "French Slave Trade on Madagascar: A Quantitative Approach." Journal of Social History 54, no. 1 (2020): 34–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shaa006.

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Abstract This article provides a better understanding of the volume of the French slave trade on Madagascar. Indeed, while research on the European slave trade in the Atlantic has benefitted much from statistical data, the slave trade in the Indian Ocean still lags behind, despite new scholarship. Based on detailed archival research, this article systematically analyzes different aspects of this commerce, including the organization of the trade, the age-sex ratio of the enslaved, and their mortality during the middle passage. Taking the number of French expeditions as a basis, we are able to determine the number of slaves traded with greater accuracy than was previously possible. Through this calculation, this article will shed new light on the patterns of slave trade in the Indian Ocean.

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16

Heber, Anita. "Purity or danger? The establishment of sex trafficking as a social problem in Sweden." European Journal of Criminology 17, no. 4 (August 30, 2018): 420–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370818794876.

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Sex trafficking has become established as one of the most significant (crime) problems in the Western world. This article provides a greater understanding of how the work of certain actors, that is claims-makers, established sex trafficking as a prominent problem on the political and media agendas in Sweden during the 2000s. It can help us understand how certain crimes can achieve the position of social problems. The study analyses political texts and debates, newspaper articles and reports published by the Swedish police. The sex-trafficking discourses that were particularly dominant in the material were: ‘The ideal sex slave Lilya’ (referring to the film Lilya 4-ever), ‘The foreign threat from the East’ and ‘Hidden but well-established organized crime’. By defining sex trafficking as an important problem, with the aid of these three discourses, a large number of claims-makers were given the opportunity to emphasize threatening and racialized discourses about ‘sex slaves’, immigration and organized crime. These discourses on sex trafficking create moral borders between innocence and guilt, between belonging and unbelonging, and between purity and danger.

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Quartapelle, Alberto. "El comercio de los esclavos canarios en Italia a finales del siglo xv." Revista de Historia Canaria, no. 203 (2021): 189–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.histcan.2021.203.07.

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From the moment of the discovery, the Canary Islands have been the object of interest to Majorcans, Castilians and Portuguese, who saw in their inhabitants the opportunity to obtain slaves and make an easy profit. Thanks to the data collected by various authors and to new documents, the article reconstructs a synthetic picture of the Canarian slave trade in Spain and in Italy at the end of the 15th century. Special attention has been paid in their origin, destination, sex and age composition and in the structure of the sale price.

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Aasgaard, Andrea Sjøberg. "Migrants, Housewives, Warriors or Sex Slaves: AQ’s and the Islamic State’s Perspectives on Women." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 16, no. 1 (2017): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.16.1.08.

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19

Anderson, Bridget, and Rutvica Andrijasevic. "Sex, slaves and citizens: the politics of anti-trafficking." Soundings 40, no. 40 (December 1, 2008): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/136266208820465065.

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Økland, Jorunn. "Sex Slaves of Christ: A Response to Halvor Moxnes." Journal for the Study of the New Testament 26, no. 1 (September 2003): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142064x0302600102.

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Tracy-Taylor, Allison K. "Chinese Comfort Women: Testimonies from Imperial Japan’s Sex Slaves." Oral History Review 47, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00940798.2019.1705095.

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22

Oselin, Sharon S. "Sex Slaves and Discourse Masters: The Construction of Trafficking." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 41, no. 2 (March 2012): 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306112438190p.

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23

UGO NWOKEJI, G., and DAVID ELTIS. "CHARACTERISTICS OF CAPTIVES LEAVING THE CAMEROONS FOR THE AMERICAS, 1822–37." Journal of African History 43, no. 2 (July 2002): 191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853701008076.

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On the basis of identifying the likely geographic origins of African names extracted from the Sierra Leone Liberated African registers, this essay estimates the provenance of the transatlantic slave trade that drew on the Cameroons estuary between 1822 and 1837. The sample, drawn from six separate vessels, is broken down by age and sex category and constitutes about 7 per cent of all Africans who left from the region in these years. It makes possible analysis of changes over time, comparisons of age and sex with distance between embarkation point and likely provenance zone, as well as interaction between Old Calabar and the Cameroons regions in the supply of slaves. The great majority of the captives originated within 200 miles of the coast and within 120 miles of the modern border with Nigeria.

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Berg Inhee Cho, Inhee C. "Female Gender Marginality in the Imperial Roman World: Affinity Between Women and Slaves in their Shared Stereotypes and Penetrability." Gender Studies 18, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/genst-2020-0001.

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Abstract The concepts of sex and gender existed in the imperial Roman world. Although there existed a sliding scale of sex and gender, gender was largely pre-determined at the time of one’s birth based on one’s sexual anatomy and concurrently, gender acculturation of the male and the female began. It was a conventional notion that women were marginal compared to freeborn men by the virtue of gender. Although the Romans improved the legal independence of free women, Greco-Roman literary evidence harbors various theoretical positions regarding female social marginality and submission, which were largely associated with slaves, and also underscores the paradox that female position of authority was only meant to be negotiated with the position of subordination. This article deals with the issue of female gender marginality and enculturation of female servility in the imperial Roman world. Various Roman literary traditions link women to slaves in their shared stereotypes and evidence that women and slaves were seen to share affinity for vulnerable penetrability in the face of the male sexual and domestic violence.

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Eltis, David. "Fluctuations in the age and sex ratios of slaves in the nineteenth‐century transatlantic slave traffic." Slavery & Abolition 7, no. 3 (December 1986): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440398608574916.

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Hall, Stuart G. "Women among the Early Martyrs." Studies in Church History 30 (1993): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400011566.

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The Pentecostal sermon attributed to Peter in Acts announces Joel’s prophecy fulfilled: It shall happen in the last days, says God, that I will pour some of my Spirit upon all flesh, and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your youths shall see visions and your elders shall dream dreams; yes, even on my slaves and slavegirls in those days I will pour some of my Spirit, and they shall prophesy.The gift thus overrides sex, rank, and social status; it is often overlooked that the company on whom the Spirit falls in Acts 2 includes, beside the restored Twelve, ‘women and Mary the mother of Jesus and his brothers’, and Acts in this respect agrees with Paul that in Christ ‘there is no Jew nor Greek, there is no slave nor free man, there is no male and female; you are all one person in Christ Jesus.’

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Solomon, Richard. "Sexual Practice and Fantasy in Colonial America and the Early Republic." IU Journal of Undergraduate Research 3, no. 1 (September 5, 2017): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/iujur.v3i1.23364.

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The sexual practices of European colonists, Native Americans, and African-American slaves of the American colonies and early republic reflected economic and religious disparities, providing specific cultural phenomena in which power relations are established and reaffirmed. These hierarchies not only prescribed the role of sex in quotidian American life; they created lasting traditions in sexual practices that continue to the present day. For this thesis, I rely on contemporary and classic historiography, religious studies, and gender scholarship to make claims about the role of women in colonial society and the treatment and fantasy-construction of marginalized peoples: namely, African-American slaves and Native Americans. Specifically, I will show how colonial women leveraged their scarcity and sexual desirability to secure their gender’s procreative role and social utility in Puritan and Southern colonies. I will show how the formation and subjugation of the Black slave class acquired distinct and lasting sexual fault lines, how political pressures and economic incentives to justify and nurture slavery shaped whites’ sexual attitudes and behavior, and finally how national myths of manifest destiny and the fecundity of the land came dominate whites experience of native American sexuality.

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Abárzuza, Antoni Ferrer. "Captives or Slaves and Masters in Eivissa (Ibiza), 1235–1600." Medieval Encounters 22, no. 5 (November 24, 2016): 565–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342238.

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This article concerns captivity or slavery on the island of Eivissa (Ibiza) from the time of its conquest by Christians until the end of the sixteenth century. Captives were used to cultivate and harvest vineyards and to labor on public building works in accordance to the strict calendar for agricultural and salt production. The sources have been examined for quantitative data and for the identity of their masters. They contain valuable information on the characteristics of these captives (sex, origins) and on their mode of arrival to the island. Slave masters have also been evaluated in search of common features, such as economic position, political offices held, and properties owned. These data have been used to test Claude Meillassoux’s (1986) definition of slavery. Simultaneously, Charles Verlinden’s work has also been analyzed, with special regard to the motivation behind his turning of what the medieval sources referred to as “captives” into “slaves.”

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Yarbrough, Fay A. "Power, Perception, and Interracial Sex: Former Slaves Recall a Multiracial South." Journal of Southern History 71, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27648820.

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Chandra, Vipan, and Sangmie Choi Schellstede. "Comfort Women Speak: Testimony by Sex Slaves of the Japanese Military." Pacific Affairs 74, no. 3 (2001): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3557772.

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31

Mitchell, Lee. "White Slaves and Purple Sage: Plotting Sex in Zane Grey's West." American Literary History 6, no. 2 (1994): 234–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/6.2.234.

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PINCH, VIJAY. "Gosain Tawaif: Slaves, Sex, and Ascetics in Rasdhan, ca. 1800–1857." Modern Asian Studies 38, no. 3 (July 2004): 559–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x03001185.

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In the center of the clearing, an aging warrior tries to draw his sword, fury etched upon his face. He faces two young warriors with raised swords who are racing to attack. A distraught old woman restrains the old warrior, while two younger men attempt to calm his attackers. A young boy holding a bow, arrows tucked in his waistband, dashes toward the combatants, in hopes of intervening. In the flash of a moment, perhaps as a result of a misspoken word or a perceived affront, harmony has given way to fracture. The anger on some faces, and despair on others, suggests an earlier time of friendship and love. Only one person is unperturbed. In the foreground a placid young woman observes the unfolding battle while tending a crying newborn. A young boy by her side also looks upon the scene, but with an expression of horror on his face. She, by contrast, seems utterly unconcerned. Indeed, she almost appears to enjoy the collapse of the social world around her. This is a hint, perhaps, about the nature of the conflict, namely, that it somehow revolves around her.

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Glazebrook, Allison. "A Hierarchy of Violence?: Sex Slaves, Parthenoi, and Rape in Menander’s Epitrepontes." Helios 42, no. 1 (2015): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hel.2015.0005.

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Lima, Henrique Espada. "Wages of Intimacy: Domestic Workers Disputing Wages in the Higher Courts of Nineteenth-Century Brazil." International Labor and Working-Class History 88 (2015): 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547915000174.

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AbstractExploring the legal context and arguments put forth by women who sued for their wages, this article illustrates how contested definitions of “work” and “intimacy” played a fundamental role in the arguments that both domestic workers and those whom they challenged in court made. It discusses a sample of legal complaints concerning labor arrangements (specifically, wage contracts, or contratos de soldada) from the Brazilian National Archives involving women working in the households of single men or widowers in nineteenth-century Brazil. Brought by both former slaves and Portuguese immigrants and other “free” women, domestic workers advanced demands for compensation, claiming wages and entitlements that clearly defined their connection to their masters as “work,” even when personal intimacy and sex were also present. The article also considers the place occupied by “free” domestic work in a slave society, relating it to the changing legal and social context of nineteenth-century Brazil.

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Singh, Sunayana, Mukesh Kumar, and Subrat Sharma. "Reproductive and sexual rights of women: ground reality." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20221440.

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Background: Inequality exists in different societies of the world. Discrimination and exploitation are done based on caste, color, creed, gender, region and religion by mighty people. However, international bodies like United Nations and International Commission of Human Rights are very sensitive about the human rights. Reproductive and sexual rights are also part of human rights. The most sufferers of this discrimination and sexual exploitation are women. Woman suffers in silence because her exploiters are generally close ones. The study was done in rural areas of Bharatpur, Rajasthan, to investigate the awareness status of reproductive and sexual rights of women.Methods: Questionnaires pertaining to the awareness of contraceptive choice, age of pregnancy, planned/unplanned and delivery place, family size and sexual life was prepared. Woman of 20 to 40 years of age volunteered to participate for this research.Results: Majority of women were not having the basic knowledge of pregnancy, contraceptive choices. 60% of women got pregnant before reaching to the age of 20 and second pregnancy occurring between 21 to 25 of age. Majority of women had unplanned pregnancy and delivered the baby at home. 2-5 kids were per family of studied group. 65-70% of their husband treated their wives as a sex object and slaves. They tortured their wife during sexual act. These women were not aware of their reproductive and sexual rightsConclusions: This study shows early marriage, pregnancy. Majority of husband tortured their wives during sex (or forced) sex and treated them sex slaves. Reproductive and sexual rights are distant dream for women in rural areas of India.

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Peach, Lucinda Joy. "‘Sex Slaves’ Or ‘sex Workers’? Cross-cultural and Comparative Religious Perspectives on Sexuality, Subjectivity, and Moral Identity in Anti-sex Trafficking Discourse." Culture and Religion 6, no. 1 (March 2005): 107–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01438300500071315.

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Soh, C. "From imperial gifts to sex slaves: theorizing symbolic representations of the 'comfort women'." Social Science Japan Journal 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2000): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ssjj/3.1.59.

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Skuse, David. "Child soldiers." International Psychiatry 7, no. 3 (July 2010): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600005828.

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Over the past 20 years the number of children recruited into armed conflict, as combatants, spies, labourers and sex slaves, has increased substantially (Wessells, 2009). In this issue, we focus on the research that has been done in recent years to identify the extent of this problem and, in particular, the efforts that are being made to discover the most effective ways of rehabilitating former child soldiers into society.

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Аасгаард, Андреа Сьоберг. "Мигранты, домохозяйки, воины или сексуальные рабыни: взгляды АК и Исламского государства на женщин." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 16, no. 1 (2017): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/connections.rus.16.1.08.

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40

Im, Eun-hee. "The Diaspora and Otherness of “Enforced Sex Slaves Following the Army” in Modern Novels." Journal of Korean Fiction Research 75 (September 30, 2019): 97–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.20483/jkfr.2019.09.75.097.

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Forret, Jeff. "Slaves, Sex and Sin: Adultery, Forced Separation and Baptist Church Discipline in Middle Georgia." Slavery & Abolition 33, no. 3 (September 2012): 337–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144039x.2011.604927.

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Keren-Paz, Tsachi. "Poetic Justice: Why Sex-Slaves Should be Allowed to Sue Ignorant Clients in Conversion." Law and Philosophy 29, no. 3 (January 5, 2010): 307–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10982-009-9064-z.

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Sick, David H. "Ummidia Quadratilla: Cagey Businesswoman or Lazy Pantomime Watcher?" Classical Antiquity 18, no. 2 (October 1, 1999): 330–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25011104.

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In letter 7.24 Pliny provides his readers with a character sketch of the elderly matriarch of a distinguished and wealthy Italian family-Ummidia Quadratilla. Ummidia passed her later years as a fan of the theater; specifically, "she had pantomimes." Pliny disapproves of the shows presented by these performers, and he chastises Ummidia for her interest in pantomime. In fact he views her conduct as symptomatic of a vice among women in general: "I have heard that she herself used to relax her mind with checkers or watch her pantomimes, as women do in the idleness of their sex." We should not be surprised by these comments; there was a tradition of ambivalence among the Romans toward the professions of the theater, and when women became involved with these professions, the ambivalence could turn to contempt. Given the general disposition of Roman males toward pantomime and women, modern readers should not so readily accept Pliny's assessment. By training her slaves as pantomimes, Ummidia was greatly increasing their value. From numerous ancient sources we know that the monetary value of slaves trained in the theatrical professions was among the highest accorded any slave. Moreover, because of Ummidia's endowment of a theater in her native Casinum and the performance of Ummidia's pantomimes in public games, we might say that she was the manager of a small "theatrical empire." Finally, because of the great interest in pantomime on the part of the masses and the desire of the upper classes, including members of various imperial families, to soothe these masses with games, control of popular pantomimes might have given Ummidia access to limited political power.

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D’Atanasio, Eugenia, Flavia Trionfetti, Maria Bonito, Daniele Sellitto, Alfredo Coppa, Andrea Berti, Beniamino Trombetta, and Fulvio Cruciani. "Y Haplogroup Diversity of the Dominican Republic: Reconstructing the Effect of the European Colonization and the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trades." Genome Biology and Evolution 12, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 1579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa176.

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Abstract The Dominican Republic is one of the two countries on the Hispaniola island, which is part of the Antilles. Hispaniola was affected by the European colonization and massive deportation of African slaves since the XVI century and these events heavily shaped the genetic composition of the present-day population. To shed light about the effect of the European rules, we analyzed 92 single nucleotide polymorphisms on the Y chromosome in 182 Dominican individuals from three different locations. The Dominican Y haplogroup composition was characterized by an excess of northern African/European lineages (59%), followed by the African clades (38%), whereas the Native-American lineages were rare (3%). The comparison with the mitochondrial DNA variability, dominated by African clades, revealed a sex-biased admixture pattern, in line with the colonial society dominated by European men. When other Caribbean and non-Caribbean former colonies were also considered, we noted a difference between territories under a Spanish rule (like the Dominican Republic) and British/French rule, with the former characterized by an excess of European Y lineages reflecting the more permissive Iberian legislation about mixed people and slavery. Finally, we analyzed the distribution in Africa of the Dominican lineages with a putative African origin, mainly focusing on central and western Africa, which were the main sources of African slaves. We found that most (83%) of the African lineages observed in Santo Domingo have a central African ancestry, suggesting that most of the slaves were deported from regions.

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Rust, Marion. "Invisible woman: female slavery in the New World." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 66, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1992): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002006.

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[First paragraph]Slave women in Caribbean society, 1650-1838, by BARBARA BUSH. Bloomington:Indiana University Press, 1990. xiii + 190 pp. (Cloth US$ 29.95,Paper US$ 12.50) [Published simultaneously by: James Curry, London, &Heinemann Publishers (Caribbean), Kingston.]Within the plantation household: Black and White women of the Old South,by ELIZABETH FOX-GENOVESE. Chapel Hill: University of North CarolinaPress, 1988. xvii + 544 pp. (Cloth US$ 34.95, Paper US$ 12.95)Slave women in the New World: gender stratiftcation in the Caribbean, byMARIETTA MORRISSEY. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1989. xiv +202 pp. (Cloth US$ 29.95)In a letter to his son in 1760, Chesapeake slaveowner Charles Carrol employed a curious euphemism for woman: "fair sex." Obviously, he wasn't thinking of his slaves. An attempt to remedy his negligence by considering this popular definition of eighteenth-century womanhood in relation to the females he forgot reveals this highly restrictive code to be exclusionary as well, for the difficulty of figuring out how brown or black skin can be "fair" suggests that a bondwoman in the New World was not, according to dominant ideology, a woman. Slavery made nonsense of female gender in the case of those whose labor allo wed white society its definition. A contemporary observer reveals just how thorough was the distinction between white womanly passivity and whatever unnamed oblivion was left to black females: "The labor of the slave thus becomes the substitute for that of the woman" (Smith 1980:70; Dew 1970 [1832]:36).

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Rauxloh, Regina E. "No Air to Breathe: Victims of Sex Slavery in the U.K." Texas Wesleyan Law Review 13, no. 2 (March 2007): 749–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v13.i2.21.

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Today slavery is recognised as a heinous violation of numerous human rights and a crime against humanity under the Rome Statute. It is prohibited under a number of international law instruments, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights, and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Nevertheless, 250 years after the famous decision in Somerset v. Stewart, when Lord Mansfield was reported to have announced that the air of England was "too pure for slaves to breathe," the U.K. is still a country of destination for thousands of persons who are trafficked for the purpose of forced labour in agriculture and sweatshop industries, involuntary domestic servitude, and sexual exploitation. An increasing number of them are women and children, who are sold and re-sold, kept imprisoned, raped, beaten, humiliated, and psychologically abused in the billion-dollar industry of sexual exploitation.

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Restall, Matthew. "2018 Presidential Address: The Trouble with “America”." Ethnohistory 67, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-7888671.

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Abstract This address reflects upon the ethical responsibility of ethnohistorians to consider the ongoing impact of historical depictions of indigenous peoples, in text and image, and our handling of those depictions. The essay draws in particular upon the historical mistreatment and misrepresentation of indigenous women, using Pocahontas and Malinche as examples of distorted icons, referencing the hidden history of the sixteenth-century trade in indigenous sex slaves in the Caribbean and Mesoamerica, and arguing that the Armed Freedom statue atop the US Capitol Building is an allegorical icon of the highly problematic, deeply rooted, gendered, and ethnoracialized construction of “America.”

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Lee, Jen-Der. "Wet Nurses in Early Imperial China." NAN NÜ 2, no. 1 (2000): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852600750072295.

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AbstractWet nurses in early imperial China were chosen from household slaves based on their physical and psychological conditions. A wet nurse would be asked to mind her diet and behavior, with special restrictions on sex and drinks; her duties, besides breastfeeding, often consisted of caring for, and sometimes providing preliminary instruction for, the newborn. Indolent and distrusted wet nurses could be whipped or executed, but loyal and intimate ones could bring themselves and their family material and honorary rewards. It was the honorary rewards that shattered conventional gender and status boundaries and provoked criticism from their contemporaries.

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Herpin, Amaury, and Manfred Schartl. "Plasticity of gene‐regulatory networks controlling sex determination: of masters, slaves, usual suspects, newcomers, and usurpators." EMBO reports 16, no. 10 (September 10, 2015): 1260–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embr.201540667.

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HOPKINS, B. D. "Race, Sex and Slavery: ‘Forced Labour’ in Central Asia and Afghanistan in the Early 19th Century." Modern Asian Studies 42, no. 4 (July 2008): 629–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x0600271x.

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AbstractThe word ‘slavery’ conjures images of cruelty, racial bigotry and economic exploitation associated with the plantation complex crucial to the Atlantic trading economy from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. Yet this was only one manifestation of practices of human bondage. This article examines the practice of ‘slavery’ in a very different context, looking at Central Asia, Afghanistan and the Punjab in the early nineteenth century. Here, bondage was largely a social institution with economic ramifications, in contrast to its Atlantic counterpart. Slavery served a social, and often sexual function in many of these societies, with the majority of slaves being female domestic servants and concubines. Its victims were often religiously, rather than racially defined, although bondage was a cross-confessional phenomenon. The practice continued to be widespread throughout the region into the early twentieth century.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sex slaves'

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