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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sex tourism'
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1
Pruth, Charlotte. "Sun, Sea, Sex and Swedes. A study of campaigns to prevent sex tourism in Natal/Brazil and Stockholm/Sweden." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22257.
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Essa tese estuda os trabalhos de duas organisações que atuam na prevenção do turismo sexual de crianças e adolescentes, Ecpat na Suécia e Resposta no Brasil. Os tópicos estudados referem-se a como essas entidades organizam suas campanhas e quais as mensagens que elas enfocam. Também estuda-se o Código de Conduta/The Code of Conduct, um instrumento usado pelas duas organizações no intuito de facilitar a indústria do turismo a se comprometer na prevenção do turismo sexual de crianças e adolescentes. Desse modo, analiza-se os materiais de propaganda das agências suecas de viajem bem como faz-se um estudo geral sobre a propaganda brasileira de turismo desde a década de 1960.<br>This thesis studies the work of two organisations working to prevent child sex tourism, Ecpat in Sweden and Resposta in Brazil. Issues dealt with cover how the organisations campaign and what messages they choose to focus upon. I have also looked closer at the Code of Conduct, a tool used by both organisations to make the tourism industry committed to the prevention of child sex tourism. I have further analysed advertisement material from Swedish travel agencies and made a quick exposé over the Brazil tourism advertisements since the 1960s.
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Chetty, Kasturi. "Child sex tourism in South African law." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/485.
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Child sex tourism is tourism organised with the primary purpose of facilitating a commercial sexual relationship with a child. It involves a segment of the local child sex industry that is directly connected to both an international and domestic tourist market. The increase of tourism has brought with it complications in that tourism is being used as a means for sex tourists to initiate contact with children. Aside from child sex tourists who are paedophiles, there are those who engage in the opportunistic exploitation of children while travelling on business or for other reasons. There are a number of social and economic factors leading to child sex tourism and the effect is that child victims are exposed to immediate harm, irreversible damage and even death. As South Africa's tourism industry expands into one of the country’s top earners of foreign currency, it is unfortunate to note that its child sex tourist trade is also on the increase. Reports show that sex tours are as easily organised as wine route tours in Cape Town. Commercial sexual exploitation of children is prevalent in South Africa and has become more organised in recent years. A comprehensive response to the problem is essential to ensure that South Africa does not become a “safe haven” for child sex tourists. Effective laws at home and the extraterritorial application of these laws to prosecute South African nationals for crimes committed abroad are imperative. Significant steps are being taken both nationally and internationally to target child sex tourism. South Africa has ratified several international instruments on children’s rights, trafficking in persons, child labour, and discrimination against women and young girls, all of which relate to child sex tourism. In doing so, South Africa has made an international commitment to uphold the provisions of these instruments and give effect to them. South Africa is therefore under an international obligation to create the necessary structures and apply mechanisms and resources to combat child sex tourism.
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Bereišytė, Neringa. "Turistų kelionės patirtys: Lietuvos, kaip sekso turizmo šalies, vertinimo analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080826_100455-95195.
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Sekso turizmas - kelionė į svečią šalį, kurios metu užmezgami seksualiniai santykiai su lankomos šalies gyventoju yra pagrindinis/dalinis kelionės tikslas ar netikėtai atsiradusi galimybė, kuria pasinaudojama. Sekso turizmu vadinama globalizacijos sekoje naujai iškilusi ir sparčiai besiplečianti turizmo atšaka. Jei anksčiau seksualinių santykių svečiose šalyse ieškantys turistai savo kelionių kryptimis rinkdavosi Azijos ar Lotynų Amerikos šalis, tai šiandieniniame turizmo kontekste sekso turistų kelionių keliai driekiasi per visus pasaulio kontinentus, apimdami įvairias pasaulio šalis. Darbe pristatomo tyrimo tikslas yra ištirti Lietuvoje viešinčių svečių šalių turistų patirtis, jų požiūrį į Lietuvą, kaip sekso turizmui patrauklią šalį.<br>Sex tourism is defined as tourism that involves sexual relations between tourists and locals. Some tourists travel with the specific intention of participating in sexual activity, for others it is not anticipated. It is a vast and growing global phenomenon. If earlier Asia and Latin America were the most popular destinations for sex tourism, now such tours spread all over the world. The aim of the paper is to analyze tourists’ journey experiences: what tourists think about Lithuania, do they see Lithuania as destination for sex tourism.
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Mashumba, Lesedi. "The pursuit of sex through tourism in Africa: An exploration of the experiences, perceptions and attitudes of male sex workers servicing sex tourists in Botswana." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207884/1/Lesedi_Mashumba_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis investigates the experiences, attitudes and perceptions of gender, sexuality, race, and victimisation in male sex workers' interactions with sex tourists in Botswana. The correlation between sex work and sex tourism is very complex, especially in the African context where denial of its existence is entangled with religious disapproval and politicisation. Local dynamics are explored to understand how these cross-national interactions influence the practice and perceptions of male sex work in Botswana. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with male sex workers, support groups and the police as important actors in a semi-criminalised and ambiguous legal system in Botswana.
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White, Peter A. "Intersextions, A Gentlemans's Guide, racialization, sex tourism and the global tourism industry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ61514.pdf.
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Doucet, Dorothy (Dorothy May) Carleton University Dissertation Sociology and Anthropology. "The High price of cheap sex: a feminist analysis of sex tourism." Ottawa, 1996.
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Tepanon, Yodmanee. "Exploring the Minds of Sex Tourists: The Psychological Motivation of Liminal People." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27002.
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Sex tourism is one of the world's most controversial industries. While it generates tremendous revenue to the sex tourism destinations, the industry has been condemned as the two main reasons trafficking of women and children exist. Despite this, little research has examined the motivation of sex tourists. The purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of the sex tourism phenomenon and, more specifically, motivation of tourists. This study is exploratory and qualitative in nature. Two key propositions are addressed (1) The person's level of perceived modernity relates to the perceived level of personal needs; and (2) The person's level of perceived personal needs relates to the person's desire of travel for sexual participation.
A mixture of qualitative methods was utilized. The data was collected using semi-structured personal interviews with thirty-three male sex tourists who traveled to Pattaya, Thailand in 2005. The transcribed data was constantly compared and the interviews revealed four substantial themes with eight subsequent categories.
It was discovered that sex tourists were pushed by two main motivational drives: physical and psychological needs which came together as personal needs. Physical needs consisted of "physical problems" and "unmet sexual needs." The psychological problems included "hedonistic drive" and "modernity." The physical gains (tangible attributes) and psychological gains (sense of belonging, freedom and excitement, and power reestablishment) attracted sex tourists to the sex tourism destinations. Therefore, modernity, one of three constructs in this study, was also supported as an important factor which indirectly affected the motivation of the sex tourists.
The last chapter presents the study contribution, implementation, and suggestions for future research. For knowledge contribution to the academic field, this present study reinforces the reliability of Iso-Ahola's (1982) escaping-seeking motivation model. It provides both academic and tourism practitioners a better idea of what sex tourist motivational factors are. The knowledge of sex tourist motivation can assist tourism practitioners at the sex tourism destinations to improve positioning their destinations in the world tourism market. For the tourism academics, this study offers an exploratory ground for future research to build on both qualitatively and quantitatively in order to form a more rigorous sex tourist motivation model.<br>Ph. D.
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Ekoluoma, Mari-Elina. "Everyday Life in a Philippine Sex Tourism Town." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-312183.
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Sabang used to be a small, marginalized Philippine fishing village that in the span of three decades became a well-known international sex tourism site. This thesis deals with the implications of tourism (including sex tourism) and how it has become embedded in the daily life in today’s Sabang. The thesis highlights the local populations’ diverse reactions to the various changes associated with tourism growth, in particular how various symbolic, moral, and spatial boundaries are constructed and maintained. The ethnographic material examined in this thesis builds on several periods of fieldwork, in total 18 months, that were carried out between 2003 and 2015. Analytical tools found in tourism anthropology and in particular the branch of postcolonial tourism studies has guided the discussion and analysis of the socio-cultural effects of becoming a tourism town. This thesis argues that complex networks of boundaries are significant in maintaining a sense of order and social cohesion in times of change. Notions of cultural differences are expressed through the narratives and behaviors of the various inhabitants, and contribute to the maintaining of boundaries within and between groups. From the beginning of tourism growth commercial sex has been central and has become a significant factor in the tourism economy. While residents acknowledge their dependency on the go-go bars, the business of the night is framed so as not to defeat the inhabitants’ struggles to maintain local community’s sense of morality, or at least to set up boundaries between the outsiders’ immorality and insiders’ morality. Tourism has also offered opportunities to challenge conventional social hierarchies and local seats of power, and there are also recurrent discussions about who has the right to control resources and who can claim entitlement to a place now shared by people from all over the world.
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Gallagher, R. M. "Queering sex tourism : the geographies of gay, transgender and female sex tourism in South-East Asia in the time of HIV." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599280.
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HIV prevention policies and research on sex tourism in South-East Asia has focused predominantly upon female sex workers catering for heterosexual male tourists. However, sex tourists can no longer be presumed to be solely male and heterosexual, nor sex workers. This thesis argues that theoretical and policy frameworks for sex tourism need to be ‘queered’ and examines the burgeoning gay, transgender and female markets in the region. Moreover, it is not only sex workers and tourists that are becoming increasingly heterogeneous, but also sexual-economic exchanges, with the growth of ‘indirect’ sex work resulting in more diverse forms of monetary exchange, interaction and places of encounter. This project is founded upon twelve months of fieldwork, over the course of three years, in Phuket, Thailand and Bali, Indonesia. My research comprised a multi-method ethnographic approach, combining participant observation, interviews, focus groups and sexual diaries. I explore the imaginative, embodied and micro-geographies involved in gay, transgender and female sex tourism in these two resorts. The thesis aims to deconstruct, demystify and ‘queer’ sex tourism, and argues for a more holistic definition of the phenomenon, which incorporates sex workers and tourists of all genders and sexualities. Such a framework disrupts understandings of sex tourism primarily as an expression of patriarchy. Throughout, I stress the significance of place as a setting for the negotiation of sexual identity and behaviour, which leads me to reflect upon its significance for understanding the practices by which HIV is transmitted. Hence I conclude by discussing the utility of place-based approaches in HIV prevention and assert that interventions must address the complex interaction between individual risk, the environment and structures of vulnerability at a range of spatial scales.
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Mapapu, Ntombizodidi Jenniffer. "Child sex tourism in South Africa: A children's rights perspective." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6103.
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Master of Arts<br>In the words of Najat Maall M'jid, former United Nations (UN) Special Rapporteur on
the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography:
'As the world reflects on the universal development goals for the post-
2015 era, bearing in mind the strong connections between economic,
social, and political development and child protection issues, childsensitive
protection must be included in the Post-2015 Development
Agenda..' Three World Congresses against the Sexual Exploitation of Children between 1996
and 2008 convened to specifically address the rapidly advancing Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children (herein referred to as CSEC). In these conferences global
commitments were undertaken by countries partaking, to provide measures to prevent
prohibit and protect children from sexual exploitation.
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Re, Michaela. "The global-local nexus of Western male sex tourism in the south : a case study of Thailand /." Lund, Sweden : Department of Economic History at Lund University, 2003. http://www.ekh.lu.se/publ/mfs/7.pdf.
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Ahlénius, Emily. "A Qualitative Analysis of the JudicialAspects of Child-Sex Tourism inThailand." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kriminologiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-63376.
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Every year Thailand is invaded by tourists seeking the sun and white beautiful beaches. Most of them come for the inexpensive travel and lodging, good food and kind inviting people. For some of them the purpose of visit is somewhat different: every year there are people travelling to Thailand with the purpose to sexually exploit children. The world wide globalisation has contributed to a massive growth in tourism which has brought an economical growth to the country. This in turn has had some negative effects, where the poor rural areas are largely affected by inequality and the dream of a better lifestyle. Economical disadvantage, lack of education and the absence of capable guardians affect children’s vulnerability and make them an easy target for child-sex tourism. I argue that potential child-sex tourists travel to Thailand due to a perception of the prevalence of easy targets affected by people in a society that is not always aware of what is happening around them as well as due to a common perception that Thailand has a weak legal system. Based on this assumption and with the theoretical basis of routine activity and rational choice I research if there is a reason to believe that the legal system is corrupt. I believe that a combination of the three elements provided routine activity as well as analysing a phenomenon through rational choice can open up to answers of why perpetrators chose Thailand as their child-sex vacation hot-spot. To address the aim of my study I conducted six semi-structured interviews with people working in Bangkok, Thailand. From these interviews I first explain the process leading to the prosecution of Swedish child-sex tourists in Thailand and, second, uncover and examine potential difficulties in this process. In the result of this study a few of the answers differ substantially from previous studies as well as some of the interviewees sharing controversial opinions. The results of the conducted interviews show three identifiable weaknesses that play a large part in the problems of the judicial process. These three are: education, bail and cooperation between authorities.
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Carrier-Moisan, Marie-Eve. "Gringo love : affect, power, and mobility in sex tourism, Northeast Brazil." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/41922.
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This dissertation is a feminist ethnography of global sex tourism in Ponta Negra, a tourist area in the coastal city of Natal, Northeast of Brazil that has become the site of important forms of mobilization against sex tourism. It critically examines the ambiguous relationships of love and money between (white) western male tourists and (mixed-race or black) Brazilian women. The methods for the project (conducted 2007-2008) focused on in-depth interviews with Brazilian women, European men, and various stakeholders such as business owners, residents, Non-governmental organization (NGO) workers, feminist activists and state agents; the author also conducted participant-observation in bars and at beaches. She theoretically situates these global ‘sex tourism’ relationships within contemporary political economic structures, historical processes of inequality in Brazil, gendered patterns of mobility and affect, as well as sites of global desire.
A major theme in this thesis concerns the politics of the rescue industry as articulated by Brazilian NGOs and through campaigns against sex tourism, which typically locate the problem of sex tourism in the individual (i.e. women as victims; foreign men as deviants). This approach fails to address the complex structural inequalities and global forces that shape the lives of these women, and negates several important aspects of Brazilian women’s and foreign men’s experiences. This research shows that both are invested in ambiguous intimacies that blur affect and interest in complex ways.
The main argument in this thesis is that Brazilian women in Natal capitalize on the ambiguities of sex tourism and put their femininity to work in order to establish long-term, legitimate ties with foreigners in the hope of migrating to Europe and marrying up, something they find hard to imagine, much less experience, in Brazil. The appeal for foreigners further reveals a profound sense of dissatisfaction with their social locations. Thus, love with foreigners acts as both an escape and a catalyst to remake themselves as modern subjects in projects of mobility, whether social, spatial or economic.
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Rivers-Moore, Megan. "Getting ahead in Gringo Gulch : transnational sex tourism in Costa Rica." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611546.
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Jonsson, Louise, and Matilda Nilsson. "Should sex tourism be viewed as a threat for future development? : A perspective that explores the general approach of sex tourism and prostitution in the tourism industry based on historical, cultural, and traditional values in The Gambia." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31521.
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This bachelor thesis describes the component of society which sex tourism descends from in Gambia. Sex tourism is an emerging sub-industry to tourism that affects several different social spheres in communities that are characterized by tourism. It is a phenomenon that unfortunately not only affect adult’s even minors enter however, rarely by choice. The origin of sex tourism in Gambia dates back to the early 70s when the tourism started to blossom. The tourists arrived in the country with different cultures that collided with the indigenous and in combination with the master-servant relationship from the colonial era and the exotification of the country as a holiday destination, sex tourism derived.
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Getson, Rebecca A. "Good Intentions Paving the Road to Brothels: Sex Trafficking, Sex Slavery, and Globalization in Southeast Asia." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1145971233.
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LomineÌ, Loykie. "Just for sex? : my own private thesis on gay tourism in Australia." Thesis, University of Essex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343549.
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Jacobs, Jessica. "The literature of sex tourism and women negotiating modernity in the Sinai." Thesis, Open University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396937.
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Estes, Elizabeth. "Sex Tourism in St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands: An Exploratory Study." NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/9.
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St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands, is similar to other tourism dependent Caribbean nations where the tourism industry is dependent upon the `4 S's'- sun, sand, sea, and sex. This researcher posited that the phenomenon of sex tourism exists in St. Thomas as it does in other tourist destinations in the Caribbean like Jamaica, Belize, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic and Barbados (Bailey and Ricketts, 2003; de Albuquerque, 1998; Munshi, 2006; Ryan and Kinder, 1996). The lacuna of any U.S. Virgin Islands sex tourism literature prompted this researcher to conduct an exploratory case study in St. Thomas to learn whether or not sex tourism exists in the U.S. territory. Using a qualitative approach, this study finds that sex tourism does exist in St. Thomas. This information is pertinent to Conflict Analysis and Resolution because of sex tourism's strong involvement with the spread of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS, human rights violations, gender based violence, human trafficking, and other social challenges. Examining sex tourism from three different sources, this researcher uses Human Needs theory and feminism to frame the research. The findings of this study are of interest to academia, government agencies, non-profit organizations, and tourism industries.
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Carpenter, Brenna Rose. "The Relationship Between the Racial Hierarchy and Sex Tourism in Northeast Brazil." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/319920.
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Puccia, Ellen. "For neither love nor money : gender, sexuality, and tourism in Costa Rica." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002929.
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Hellstrand, Jens. "Turister som sexköpare : En etnografisk studie av interaktionen mellan turister och sexindustrin i Thailand." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-113368.
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The aim of this study is to investigate how it is possible that tourists who are not actively seeking child prostitutes still account for the majority of child sex tourists. The study includes tourists, locals, people working in the sex industry and staff from Swedish embassy and ECPAT international in Bangkok. The study was conducted with a qualitative approach and an ethnographic method, using field observations and interviews to collect the empirical data. The data has then been categorized in to different themes and analyzed using previous research on the subject. Hirschis theory of social bonds was then used to further interpret the results. The results of this study show that the tourists in Thailand, who are not seeking out child prostitutes, will most likely come in contact with them anyway. This will happen because of the availability to the vast sex industry and the fact that the sex industry markets itself by offering youthful prostitutes. The tourists will have weaker social bonds because they have left their normal social surrounding but depending on how weak these social bonds are the tourists may or may not experiment with buying sex. In combination with that about 25 percent of the prostitutes are under the age of 18, this may lead to that some of the tourists will sexually abuse children even if they were not seeking them out.
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Freidus, Andrea Lee. "Cuidate tourism, drugs, sex and HIV among young people in Monteverde, Costa Rica /." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001400.
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Kachipande, Sitingawawo Diana. "Public Opinion, Press Coverage and the Pempho Banda Case: Contesting Sex Work Criminalization in Malawi's Developing Tourism Sector." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101682.
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When police arrested nineteen women in Dedza, Malawi hospitality locations in 2016, it was under the guise of the living on the earnings of prostitution laws. The women appealed and won their case, with the ruling judge noting that Malawian women are free to patronize any hospitality facilities or bars without fear of being arrested. The case, The Republic v. Pempho Banda and 18 Others, sparked a national debate over the social and legal status of sex workers in the southern African country. It also brought to light that efforts to stimulate tourism had inadvertently boosted the country's sex work industry. To move away from a reliance on agriculture and bolster socio-economic growth and its foreign exchange earnings, the country is positioning itself to gain a greater market share of visitors. However, as in many tourist destinations, the promise of sex attracts tourists, and sex is increasingly becoming a central offering of Malawi's tourism industry. Yet, Malawian sex workers continue to occupy a social status in which they are marginalized or mistreated by the general public and criminal justice system. This provides apt conditions for continued and increased human rights abuse against sex workers. This research explores the events, legal environment, media coverage, and public opinion surrounding this case and its relation to the tourism industry. The data is from interviews with actors in the criminal justice system, documents and an analysis of online media about the Pempho Banda et al. case. My dissertation highlights the complexities and contradictions surrounding sex work in Malawi. In doing so, I hope to intervene in the national debate surrounding sex workers so as to facilitate public opinions and policies that are more sex worker friendly and protective of their human rights.<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Kullh, Frida, and Annelie Söderberg. "From Sea, Sun, Sand & Sex To Death, Disaster & Deprivation : - Etiska överväganden vid utformningen av marknadskommunikation för dark tourism företag." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1479.
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<p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Rubrik</p><p>From Sea, Sand, Sun and Sex to Death, Disaster och Deprivation</p><p>-etiska överväganden vid utformningen av marknadskommunikation för dark tourism företag</p><p>Problem</p><p>Turism är en marknad under kontant utveckling vilket leder till att nya nischer utvecklas inom branschen för att tillfredställa kunders ökade krav. En av dessa underkategorier är dark tourism. Denna företeelse grundar sig i ett intresse att besöka platser som varit med om katastrofer. Att kommersialisera och exploatera död är ett kontroversiellt område och av många anser att denna sorts turism är oetisk. Det gäller för företag som arbetar med dark tourism att utforma marknadskommunikation som inte uppfattas som felaktig i kunders ögon. Tidigare har turism i sin marknadskommunikation fokuserat på vackra bilder och lyckliga människor. Företag som arbetar med dark tourism kan omöjligt följa i dessa fortspår utan måste finna andra vägar för att nå ut till sina kunder på ett effektivt och etiskt sätt.</p><p>Vår problemformulering lyder som följer:</p><p>Vilka etiska överväganden ställs företag som arbetar med dark tourism inför när de utformar sin marknadskommunikation?</p><p>Syfte</p><p>Vårt syfte är att identifiera vilken marknadskommunikationskanal som passar dark tourism företag utifrån de etiska aspekterna. Målsättningen i studien är att utveckla en teori om huruvida det är möjligt att behärska ”paradoxen” mellan etik och effektiv marknadskommunikation av dark tourism.</p><p>Teori</p><p>Teorin i denna studie grundas till största del på forskning inom dark tourism,</p><p>segmentering, etik och marknadskommunikation.</p><p>Metod</p><p>Vi har utfört en kvalitativ studie med fyra företag som arbetar med dark tourism, och utifrån detta studerat vilka etiska aspekter och segment de beaktar vid utformandet av sin marknadskommunikation. Utav dessa intervjuer genomfördes tre på telefon och en personligt.</p><p>Resultat</p><p>De konstateranden vi kan göra är att företag som arbetar med dark tourism ställs inför sex etiska överväganden vid utformandet av marknadskommunikation. Dessa är tid, geografisk närhet, sociala aspekter, kulturella aspekter, ekonomisk balans och en etisk policy. Det gäller för företag att vara medvetna om dessa samt sina segment för att kunna utforma en effektiv och etisk marknadskomunikation. Om företag som arbetar med dark tourism är medvetna om dessa kan de behrska paradoxen mellan etik och marknadskommunikation inom dark tourism. Genom att ha en insikt i segment samt etiska överväganden får företagen en kunskap om vilka marknadskommunikations kanaler de bör använda för att mest effektivt nå ut till sin marknad. Vi har funnit att de marknadskommunikations kanaler som passar de företag som deltagit i denna studie är media, webbsidor, personliga kontakter, word-of-mouth, e-mail, mässor, viral marketing samt text-meddelanden. Dessa kanaler anser vi är formbara så att det blir möjligt att vara etisk i marknadskommunikationen av dark tourism.</p>
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Johnson, Lauren C. "Selling Masculinity and Profiting from Marginality: Sex Work and Tourism in a Jamaican Resort Town." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4342.
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This ethnography explores the practice of sex tourism in Negril, Jamaica, and its sociocultural, economic, and health impacts on the popular tourist destination. Transactional sex with female tourists has become a popular income generator for some young Caribbean males who are excluded from formal employment in the region's leading industry. Like other resort locales, Negril draws both men and women from various parts of the country who choose to engage in sex work in order to benefit from the tourist dollars spent in Jamaica's third most popular resort area. Through the analysis of observations, interviews with residents, tourists, government officials, and health practitioners, as well as life histories of men involved in sex tourism, this study seeks to contribute to current literature on the practice and reveal its impact on the people of this particular locale. Additionally, relevant health data is utilized to examine the connection between sexual health and sex tourism locally, and to offer recommendations for effectively targeting male sex workers through risk reduction programs. This research takes a political economy perspective and applies relevant theoretical contributions from the anthropology of tourism, Caribbean gender theory, and gender performativity.
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Sahlström, Maria, and Emilie Berghult. "Matens roll i reseupplevelsen : En intervjustudie med sex nyckelaktörer i turismnäringen." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-9573.
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Syftet med denna intervjustudie var att undersöka hur ett antal nyckelaktörer inom turismnäringen såg på matens roll och hur de arbetade med matupplevelser i praktiken. Insamling av data genomfördes genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer som transkriberades och analyserades utifrån en mall för kvalitativ bearbetning av text. De aktörer som fungerade som informanter för undersökningen arbetade samtliga med matturism på nationell, regional eller lokal nivå. De aktörer som deltog i studien var Landsbygdsdepartementet, Visit Sweden, Regional Matkultur Småland, Smaka på Skåne, Kristianstad Kommun och Idala Gård. Undersökningens resultat visade att samtliga aktörer ansåg att maten hade en given roll inom turismnäringen. Informanterna betonade vikten av att producenter ser matens potential till att bli en matupplevelse och synliggör den för turister. Ett skäl till att detta inte alltid görs kunde bero på den bild svenskar har av svensk mat och svensk matkultur menade informanterna. De förespråkade en stolthet över svensk mat och mattradition. I undersökningen framkom även att matupplevelser fått en alltmer självklar plats inom turismnäringen, både som en huvudanledning till, eller som en betydande del av resan. Informanterna framhöll att fördelen med matupplevelser jämfört med andra upplevelser var att matupplevelsen aktiverar samtliga sinnen och därmed bidrar till en total turismupplevelse.<br>The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine how key stakeholders see food as a part of the tourist industry and how they work with food experiences in practice. Data collection was collected by semi-structured interviews which were transcribed and analyzed within the model of processing a qualitative text. The stakeholders which participated were Landsbygdsdepartementet, Visit Sweden, Regional Matkultur Småland, Smaka på Skåne, Kristianstad Kommun and Idala gård. The interviewed stakeholders are working with food tourism at national, regional and local level. The results showed that all the participants thought food had a specific role within the tourist industry. In this study, it became clear that the respondents emphasized the importance for producers to see the potential food have to become a food experience and at the same time to make it more visible for tourists. A reason for this would be the view of Swedish food culture that the respondents think Swedish people have. It is important to see the unique assets which are available and to be proud of the culture. It also shows that food experiences have a more obvious role in tourist industry, both as the main reason or as part of the travel. The advantage of the food experiences in relation to other experiences is the use of all the senses, thus providing a total tourism experience.
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jaiteh, Mariama. "Seeking Friends With Benefits In A Tourism-Based Sexual Economy: Interrogating The Gambian Sexscape." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3681.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation engages with the driving motivations behind the actions of all those involved in The Gambia’s tourism-based sexual economy: the Gambian and other West African male and female sex workers, the Global North (habitually European) male and female tourists, the Gambian and expatriate Lebanese bar and restaurant owners, the Gambian state, and the semesters (members of the Gambian diaspora on vacation in The Gambia). It presents thick ethnographic accounts of interactions with Gambians and tourists, as they form temporary couples or friendships for the duration of tourists’ vacations, and sometimes for longer. This ethnography-rich dissertation pays careful attention to Gambian voices, which have been somewhat marginalized in the limited literature on sex tourism in The Gambia. It theorizes the existence of a Gambian sexscape, within which socio-sexual scripts are performed. The socio-sexual scripts that make the Gambian tourism-based sexual economy are re-located within Gambian society’s larger sexscape, which allows for a better consideration of the wider socio-economic, cultural, and political processes that have led to the formation of contemporary Gambian society.
The dissertation briefly outlines The Gambia’s political and economic history, which explains the ongoing economic dependency and the importance of emigration for contemporary Gambian youth who want to escape the abject poverty in which too many live. It proposes a descriptive analysis of the Gambian sexscape and its socio-sexual scripts. Greater precision is given to the socio-sexual scripts that make the tourism-based sexual economy: chanters and white Global North female tourists; Gambian female sex workers and white Global North male tourists; Gambian men who have sex with Gambian men/semesters, and/or with white Global North male tourists.
Finally, I adopt a socio-ecological approach to sexual health and examine the tourism-based sexual economy’ s impact on the country’s sexual health.
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Gustavsen, John Andrew. "Tension under the Sun: Tourism and Identity in Cuba, 1945-2007." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/298.
Full textAbstract:
My dissertation on Cuban tourism links political, economic, social, and cultural history to show how the development of tourism on the island between 1945 and 2007 has been crucial in helping to cultivate identities for Cuba and the Cuban people on multiple levels. I focus on three distinct periods - 1945 to 1958, 1959 to 1979, and 1980 to 2007. While significant shifts occurred within each of these three phases, this periodization best illuminates the relationship between tourism development and identity. The fall of the Soviet Union, for example, certainly altered the pace of the industry's growth. Arrivals soared beginning in the 1990s, yet much of the institutional framework for conditioning the relationships between touristic actors had been established years earlier. Cuban planners had begun to target a range of specific markets by 1980, over a decade before the economic strife of the 'Special Period' in the early 1990s virtually forced them to move in this direction. For the entire period between 1945 and 2007, tourism and Cuban identity were linked in two very important ways. Tourism provided a lens for foreign visitors to view the island, its people, and its culture; to know what it meant to be Cuban. As well, the industry offered a framework for powerful interests to control the behaviors of Cuban citizens; to instruct them on how to be Cuban.
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Guerrón-Montero, Carla María. ""Like an alien in we own land" : international tourism, gender and identity in Afro-Antillean Panama /." view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3055689.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 523-570). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Ramos, Ana Carolina. "Desenvolvimento e consolidação do turismo sexual no Nordeste Brasileiro: fatores convergentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-01032019-100010/.
Full textAbstract:
O turismo é um fenômeno social e econômico que possibilita a reprodução do capital por meio do uso e da apropriação do espaço, no sentido de que é através do consumo do lugar que a atividade turística se consolida. A mercantilização do lugar é parte do processo de reprodução do capital e, neste sentido, os lugares são ressignificados. Nesta pesquisa, buscamos entender como ocorreu o desenvolvimento do turismo sexual e sua consolidação no Nordeste do Brasil. No geral, nos países periféricos do sistema capitalista, o turismo sexual vem encontrando um amplo espaço para seu desenvolvimento, onde viajantes de países economicamente mais desenvolvidos buscam encontrar um atrativo mercado sexual. Neste caso, esta pesquisa trata o turismo sexual como um conceito caracterizado pela viagem motivada pela busca de sexo. Em nosso estudo específico busca entender como e porquê o Nordeste brasileiro tornou-se locus deste tipo de turismo. O turismo sexual tem se desenvolvido pela correlação de diversos fatores, de ordem socioeconômica, histórica e cultural. Nessa pesquisa, buscamos abordar cada um desses fatores, a fim de encontrar um ponto de convergência que nos apontasse o porquê de o Nordeste brasileiro ter sido inserido na geografia do turismo sexual. A partir da década de 1990, na região Nordeste, algumas cidades começaram a receber incentivos para maior desenvolvimento do turismo conhecido como sol e praia. Nesse momento, políticas e planos estruturaram o mercado de turismo na região, fazendo com que essas cidades recebessem maiores investimentos em infraestrutura, a fim de incrementar seu potencial turístico. Como consequência, o segmento do turismo sexual também começou a crescer nessas cidades. De uma forma menos estruturada da presente em cidades tailandesas, por exemplo, as cidades nordestinas terminaram por se inserir na geografia do turismo sexual internacional.<br>Tourism is a social and economic phenomenon that provides the reproduction of capital through the use and appropriation of space, for it is through the consumption of a place that touristic activities are consolidated. The commodification of the place is part of the process of reproduction of capital, and thus places are resignified. For this research, it was sought to understand how does sex tourism develops and consolidates in the Northeast of Brazil. Generally, sex tourism has found a broad space for its development within the countries on the periphery of capitalism, in which travelers from developed countries seek to find an attractive sex market. In this case, this research adresses sex tourism as a concept, defined by a trip motivated by the search for sex. Our particular study aims to understand how and why the Brazilian Northeast has become a locus for this type of tourism. Sex tourism has been developing by the correlation of several factors regarding socio-economic, historical and cultural order. In this research, it was sought to address each of these factors, in order to find a point of convergence that might lead us to the reason why Brazilian Northeast has been included in the geography of sex tourism. From the early 90\'s, in the northeastern region, some cities had began to receive financial incentives for the further development of a tourism known as \"sun and beach\". By that moment, policies and plans had structured tourism market in that area, through providing those cities greater investments in infrastructure, in order to increase their touristic potential. As consequence, the segment of the sex tourism had simultaneously began to grow within those cities. In a less structured way than what is seen in Thai cities, Northeastern cities, as a matter of fact, ended up being a part of international sex tourism geography.
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Dixon, Franchesca Lorraine. "An investigation into higher education students' perceptions of the sex tourism industry in the Western Cape with specific reference to an FET college." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1584.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009.<br>The potential for the sex tourism industry to become legalised in South Africa with the upcoming
2010 FIFA World Cup is an issue which has raised much controversy and is now at the top of the
agenda for debate within government, the business sector and civil society.
The study investigates perceptions of students at a Further Education & Training College towards
the sex tourism industry, together with selected components of that industry. The study is
undertaken to better understand student's perceptions of the sex tourism industry. In order to
achieve this, the researcher set out to better understand the sex tourism industry as a whole; as
well as to investigate selected socio-cultural impacts that the sex tourism industry can have upon
society in order to explore the positive and negative impacts that sex tourism can have upon the
youth.
In terms of South African legislation, prostitution is illegal under the Sexual Offences Act 23 of
1957, and the study examines current calls for the sex tourism industry to be legalised or
decriminalised in light ofthe forthcoming 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup.
The study further examines life orientation for learners and sex education for sex workers. Life
orientation is examined as it may have an effect on students' perceptions towards the sex tourism
industry. The training of tourism and hospitality staff is seen as a vehicle for combating one of
the components ofthe sex tourism industry, namely, child sex tourism and, thus, it is necessary to
examine a number ofits other components.
The study briefly touches on life orientation, as a key element in ensuring that learners become
competent members of society, and as a tool which assists in providing them with essential life
skills. Sex education is seen as necessary for both learners and sex workers in order to enable
them to comprehend their rights and choices in life.
For the purposes ofthe empirical study, the researcher makes use of first year tourism students at
an FET College to gain insight into a student's perspective of the sex tourism industry. The
iv
researcher makes use of students in order to obtain a varied perspective as the students hail from
different walks oflife and have diverse views and opinions.
Entry into prostitution comes as a result of one or more of a number of contributing factors such
as poverty and human trafficking. The contributing factors are researched and are explained in
the literature review.
The need to conduct the study emanates from the fact that the sex industry forms a large part of
the tourism industry and it is a growing industry in South Africa. The research focuses on two
areas: the students' perceptions of the sex tourism industry and the social impacts that the sex
tourism industry can have upon society.
The research methodology includes a literature search followed by the data collection for the
empirical survey. The data collection procedure is explained in detail in the relevant chapter.
A combination of the qualitative and quantitative approaches are followed for the· empirical
survey. Such an approach is also known as a ''triangulative approach". The empirical survey
together with the ensuing statistical analysis are conducted in collaboration with the CPUT
registered statistician.
The responses to the questionnaire are statistically analysed by the statistician, after which the
results are described and interpreted by the researcher. The study finds that the majority of
students do not want the sex tourism industry to become legalised and perceive the sex industry
as immoral. The social impacts of the sex tourism industry can be harmful to society and the
study found that the majority ofstudents understood the impact the industry can have and the role
that education plays in reducing a few ofthese selected impacts.
Finally, a set ofrecommendations and a number ofconcluding remarks are made.
A comprehensive bibliography is included.
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Marinho, Marcela Ferreira. "O conceito de turismo sexual na perspectiva de sua inserção como objeto de estudo na graduação em Turismo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2010. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/596.
Full textAbstract:
Esta pesquisa visa contribuir para a discussão/(re)construção do conceito de turismo sexual, na perspectiva de abordá-lo pedagogicamente na formação superior em turismo. O suporte teórico para as reflexões foi buscado na Teoria das Representações Sociais e na teoria psicanalítica freudiana sobre sexualidade. Metodologicamente, a análise do discurso pautou-se pelos conceitos de enunciação, de polifonia e heterogeneidade, respectivamente de Bakhtin, Ducrot e Authier-Revuz, assim como por procedimentos analíticos da Fenomenologia-Hermenêutica, conforme Panosso Netto. Foram analisadas matérias dos jornais Gazeta de Alagoas/AL e Correio do Povo/RS versando sobre turismo e respostas de alunos e professores de graduação em Turismo desses estados, a quem foi perguntado ´Como você define turismo sexual?´. Relativamente às representações sociais, as matérias jornalísticas indicaram predomínio do aspecto de ilicitude do fenômeno, sinalizando compartilhamento simbólico do turismo sexual, centrado, metonimicamente, na exploração sexual de menores, como problema social, e sobre a busca por satisfação sexual. Do ponto de vista da sexualidade, os jornais, representantes da mídia, portam o discurso freudiano fundante da organização dos grupos sociais, ou seja, o discurso fundante de acesso à cultura, de reconhecimento do interdito que viabiliza o social, impondo como necessária a repressão da sexualidade. O mesmo se aplica aos alunos e professores quando o polo definitório de turismo sexual recai sobre a perversão da sexualidade, aquele assumindo o discurso fundante e estes, dele sendo portadores. Outro polo definitório incide sobre a satisfação do desejo sexual, o que poderia estar refletindo a ―voz científica‖ da Academia, de aceitação do homem em sua natureza bio-psicossocial, embora não haja referência a segmentos turísticos em cuja denominação não aparece o termo ―sexual‖ inseridas socialmente no âmbito da normalidade. Confirma-se assim a complexidade conceitual do fenômeno e a necessidade de discutí-lo, seja, avançando na compreensão de tabus em relação ao termo, seja reconhecendo a existência de um lugar sadio e adequado para atender a demanda do turista na sua busca humana do prazer (não ilícito), da satisfação erótica. Nessa direção, cabe ao profissional do turismo reconhecer o desejo de natureza sexual do turista como um desejo humano, que não se constitui perverso ou ilícito a priori.<br>Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-04T18:58:30Z
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Zhu, Dan. "Managerial sex role stereotyping among Chinese students in New Zealand." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/822.
Full textAbstract:
The management literature in gender issues argues that in spite of the progress made in the last few decades, women still face difficulties in being accepted and recognised as managers because the manager’s role has been perceived as masculine. Gender stereotypes, hence, continue to become a barrier to women’s access to top management position. This study examines the perceptions of the relationship between sex role stereotypes and the perceived characteristics necessary for managerial success among Chinese students in New Zealand. The study sample consisted of 94 male Chinese students and 119 female Chinese students studying in New Zealand. In order to allow for cross-cultural comparisons, this study used a direct replication the Schein Descriptive Index (SDI) from previous study (Schein & Mueller, 1992). The male and female perceptions on the relationship between sex role stereotypes and characteristics were analysed separately. The results revealed that both male and female Chinese students in New Zealand perceive that successful middle managers possess characteristics, attitudes and temperaments more commonly ascribed to men than to women in general. In addition, the results were compared with previous studies conducted in China and Japan, New Zealand, America, Britain, Canada, and Germany. Our findings conclude that Asian people are worse than Western people in respect to managerial sex role stereotyping, particularly, Chinese males who show a very strong degree of managerial gender stereotyping. Multiple discriminant analysis was used to discriminate the relationship between men, women and middle managers on 92 items from the survey questionnaire. The analysis resulted in two separate canonical functions which distinguished between three groups women, men and managers).
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Gadi, Alexandra, Kiriaki Grigoriadou, and Martina Ostojic. "Kvinnlig sexturism i Gambia : En studie om hur kvinnlig sexturism framställs i media, motiven till framställningen och konsekvenserna med fenomenet." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19687.
Full textAbstract:
Sexturismär ett brett begrepp som mestadels förknippas med västerländska äldre män som reser till utvecklingsländer för att köpa sex. Detta har uppmärksammats sedan början av 1970-talet men på senare år har den kvinnliga sexturismen uppmärksammats allt mer i den svenska media. Studien redogör för den svenska kvinnliga sexturismen utomlands, med Gambia som fallstudie. När svensk media talar om fenomenet används förskönande beskrivningar, där kvinnornas beteender omantiseras i jämförelse med männens sexturism. Problematiseringen med detta är att två lika handlingar med samma syfte, beskrivs på två olika vis, beroende på kön. Studien redogör för hur svensk media väljer att framställa den kvinnliga sexturismen, de underliggande motiven till framställningen och slutligen hur den ensidiga framställningen påverkar Gambia socialt, kulturell och ekonomiskt. För att studien skulle bli genomförbar har ett antal intervjuer gjorts med två journalister och en skribent som skrivit om liknande ämnen. Dessutom har fyra intervjuer gjorts med respondenter som någon gång rest eller reser till Gambia. Tidigare forskning, teoretisk referensram och empirisk material har analyserats för att ge svar på studiens syfte och frågeställningar. Resultatet av hela studien visar att svensk media framställer den kvinnliga sexturismen som något romantiskt och oskyldigt, dels för att kvinnorna själva väljer att kalla deras handlingar för romanser, dels för att samhället ser kvinnornas handlingar som mindre skadliga. Konsekvensernamed detta är att landets image påverkas negativt, vilket resulterar till att Gambia stämplas som ett oattraktivt resemål. Den kvinnliga sexturismen är inte hållba ri längden vilket leder till att Gambia stannar i en stagnationsfas.
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Moldenhauer, Sarah. "Jineterismo." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-220718.
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Jineterismo, eine neuartige Form der Sexarbeit in Kuba, entstand im Zuge des Zusammenbruchs des Rates für gegenseitige Wirtschaftshilfe (RGW bzw. Comecon) und dem damit verbundenen aufkommenden Tourismus-Boom auf der Insel. Mädchen und Frauen sind am stärksten in diese neue Form der Prostitution involviert. Um den ihnen verwehrten Zugang zu Waren zu nutzen, boten und bieten viele junge Kubaner_innen Tourist_innen im Austausch sexuelle Dienste an. Inzwischen wird der Begriff jineterismo häufig auch über den sexuellen Bereich hinaus auf alle Tätigkeiten übertragen, die dem jinetero oder der jinetera Devisen einbringen.
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Lövstedt, Sara. "THE FIGHT AGAINST COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF MINORS EXAMINING NGO AND GOVERNMENT COLLABORATIONS IN COSTA RICA. WHAT CAN WE LEARN?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25026.
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Kommersiell Sexuell Exploatering av Barn (KSEB) är ett ökande globalt problem,vilket är särskilt tydligt utvecklingsländer med en växande turistnäring. CostaRica har gjort omfattande insatser i det förebyggande arbetet mot dessa brott, menstudier visar att dessa ansträngningar är otillräckliga, särskilt rörande hjälpinsatsertill offer. KSEB har fått betydande uppmärksamhet under de senaste åren ochfrivilligorganisationer har anslutit sig till kampen mot dessa brott. Syftet meddenna studie är att förstå de nuvarande utmaningarna som frivilligorganisationeroch Costa Ricas regering står inför, i kampen att hjälpa offren och bekämpaKSEB, samt att undersöka samarbetet mellan Costa Ricas regering ochfrivilligorganisationer som arbetar för att förhindra dessa brott. Dessa frågor harbesvarats genom kvalitativa intervjuer med frivilligorganisationer och statligaorganisationer under en fältstudie i Costa Rica. Resultaten visar att det störstahindret i kampen mot KSEB är bristen på medvetenhet om förekomsten av dessabrott tillsammans med finansiella hinder i det förebyggande arbetet. Resultatrörande hindren av hjälp till offer visar att diskrepanser på hur hjälpen skaförmedlas är det allvarligaste problemet. Utöver detta saknas det fungerandeåteranpassningsprogram. När det gäller samarbete, visar resultaten attkommunikationen och samarbetet totalt sett är tillfredsställande. Det finns dock entydlig brist på organisatorisk samordning och resultaten visar att regeringen ärovetande om de frivilligorganisationer i landet som arbetar med att förhindradessa brott, vilket utpekades som ett stort hinder för samarbetet.<br>Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) is an increasing global issue, which is especially evident in developing countries with growing tourist industries. Costa Rica has made extensive efforts in the prevention work against these crimes, however, there is evidence that these efforts are insufficient, especially in terms of assisting victims. CSEC has received substantial attention over the last few years and Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) has joined the fight against these crimes. The aim of this study is to understand the current challenges NGOs and the government is facing in helping victims and combatCSEC, as well as to investigate the collaboration between the Costa Ricangovernment and NGOs who work within counter-trafficking departments. Byusing a qualitative approach during a field study in Costa Rica, the questions ofissue has been answered by interviewing NGOs and government officials abouttheir experiences. The results show that the largest obstacle in combating CSEC isthe lack of awareness about the prevalence of these crimes along with financialstruggles in the prevention work. Moreover, the results regarding challenges inhelping victims was embedded in discrepancies on how to assist the victims,along with a lack of reintegration programs. Regarding collaboration, the resultsshow that the communications and collaboration is overall satisfying. However,there is a clear lack of organizational coordination and counter-trafficking NGOsare not known to the government, which is pointed out as major challenges interms of collaboration.
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Kemppainen, Maria, and Roderick Rushworth. "En jämförelsestudie mellan kvinnors och mäns motiv till resande." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-17007.
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This comparative study deals with male and female subjects during their visit to Stockholm. The aim was to find out if there were any general differences in travel motives between the sexes. Travel motive and motivation in tourism is a topic that has long been studied. With the help of various motivation theories and theories about how motives for travelling are created, we conducted a survey of tourists in Stockholm and then compared their travel motives. The results gave similar answers to what we had expected regarding gender differences. Among women, the main motive was shopping. Overall, the need to see family and friends was the primary reason to visit Stockholm. We can see tendencies that there are general differences in travel motives between the sexes during their visit to Stockholm. However, there are a variety of factors that may have contributed to these differences, which are presented in greater detail later in this paper.
39
Betz, Diana L. "Human trafficking in Southeast Asia causes and policy implications." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FBetz.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in in National Security Studies (Far East, Southeast Asia, Pacific))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Malley, Michael. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 10, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Human trafficking, Southeast Asia, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, sex tourism, poverty, globalization, women's rights, education levels, uneven regional economic development, labor trafficking, corruption. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-92). Also available in print.
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Moldenhauer, Sarah. "Jineterismo." Universität Leipzig, 2013. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15411.
Full textAbstract:
Jineterismo, eine neuartige Form der Sexarbeit in Kuba, entstand im Zuge des Zusammenbruchs des Rates für gegenseitige Wirtschaftshilfe (RGW bzw. Comecon) und dem damit verbundenen aufkommenden Tourismus-Boom auf der Insel. Mädchen und Frauen sind am stärksten in diese neue Form der Prostitution involviert. Um den ihnen verwehrten Zugang zu Waren zu nutzen, boten und bieten viele junge Kubaner_innen Tourist_innen im Austausch sexuelle Dienste an. Inzwischen wird der Begriff jineterismo häufig auch über den sexuellen Bereich hinaus auf alle Tätigkeiten übertragen, die dem jinetero oder der jinetera Devisen einbringen.
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Veissière, Samuel P. L. "Hookers, hustlers and gringos in global Brazil : the transnational political economy and cultural politics of violence, desire and suffering in the streets of Salvador da Bahia ; also including, The ghosts of empire, an ethnographic novel." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103305.
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This doctoral dissertation is an experimental ethnographic investigation of the political consciousness and radical modes of livelihoods of marginalized "street" populations in a postconial Latin-American city, and of their connections with the transnational flows of capital, goods, peoples, and symbols of Global Capitalism.<br>Beginning in the streets of Salvador da Bahia in this place I call "Global Brazil", this inquiry presents a focal lens through which to examine how the structural and cultural forces of Late-Capitalism (Jameson, 1994) in a globalized world and the legacy of colonialism play out at the level of local and transnational actors' lived experiences (that is, for example, how these forces define, 'value', shape, hurt, confine, and displace bodies; but also how bodies dodge these forces, use these forces, reinvent themselves, or strategically perform their colonizer/colonized identities in a search for agency) and focuses, among other salient aspects, on the connections, dependencies, exploitation, violence, and desire between "street children", subaltern women, transnational prostitutes, (sex)tourists, sexpatriates (Seabrook, 1996) and other foreign men and women constructed as "gringo/as" in the context of Global Brazil.<br>Written as a collage between contemporary social, cultural, and political theory and an experimental ethnographic novel (Hecht, 2006), this project explores, or at best poses certain questions about contemporary forms of domination, survival, and resistance while hoping to shed light on undertheorized aspects of our globalized late-capitalist era by investigating the perspectives of local social actors on the structural, cultural and transnational forces in which their radical livelihoods are embedded.<br>Finally, as a work of political pedagogy, this investigation is also fundamentally preoccupied with the role of grassroots politics, research, ethnography, and global social actors---such as the author and other 'academics'--- who occupy positions of social, economic, political, and symbolic power, in collaborating with other segments of civil societies to work toward equitable alternatives to contemporary social suffering.<br>Intertwined with the many faces, voices and stories of this ethnography, thus, readers will encounter the voice, eyes, body, experience, reflections, interrogations, doubts, pains, fears, desire, violence, hopes, defeats, desperations, and resistance of the author, who, as an individual 'articulated' (Nelson, 1999) as white, male, gringo, intellectual, transcultural, geopolitically mobile, ethnographer, and flaneur in the context of this story, constitutes a character deeply implicated in the global flows and forces that are the object of this study.
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Enlund, Brattehag Denise, and Petra Oxalaryd. "Barnsexturism : Globaliseringens påverkan och researrangörernas förebyggande arbete." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24497.
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Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka huruvida globalisering kan sättas i sammanhang till existerande problem med barnsexturism samt att undersöka hur svenska researrangörer arbetar med att ta socialt ansvar i sina verksamheter för att förebygga och stoppa barnsexturism. Studien utgår från tidigare forskning i ämnet samt två teorier om globalisering och CSR, Corporate Social Responsibility Vi har i denna studie använt ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt. Vi har utfört två kortare intervjuer, en med ECPAT Sverige och en med Ving. Vi har även genomfört textanalyser på noga utvalt material från ECPAT Sverige, Apollo, Fritidsresor och Ving. Resultatet av studien visar på att det kan finnas en relation mellan globaliseringen och problemen med barnsexturism. Ökat resande och Internets uppkomst har varit starkt bidragande faktorer till problemet. Researrangörerna; Apollo, Fritidsresor och Ving arbetar med att ta socialt ansvar och att förebygga problemet med barnsexturism genom att bland annat föra ett samarbete med ECPAT Sverige samt att följa uppförandekoder.<br>The purpose with this essay is to examine whether globalization can be put in context to the existing problems with child sex tourism and to examine how Swedish travel organizers work with social responsibility to prevent and stop child sex tourism. This study is based on previous research on the subject and two theories about globalization and CSR, Corporate Social Responsibility. We have used a qualitative approach in this study. We have done two shorter interviews, one with ECPAT Sverige and one with Ving. We have also done a textual analysis on carefully selected information from ECPAT Sverige, Apollo, Fritidsresor and Ving. The results of the study show that there may be a connection between globalization and the problem with child sex tourism. Increased travel and the emergence of Internet have been major contributing factors to the problem. The travel organizers; Apollo, Fritidsresor and Ving works with social responsibility and are preventing the problem with child sex tourism, for example by a collaboration with ECPAT Sverige and by complying with codes of conduct.
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Ferreira, Marcelo Henrique. "E se o gringo for negão ? Raça, gênero e sexualidade no Rio de Janeiro a experiência de turistas negros norte-americanos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2005. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4386.
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O turismo étnico é, hoje, uma das áreas potenciais para o desenvolvimento daatividade turística nacional, quando o histórico interesse de negros norteamericanos pelo Brasil amplia-se via massificação do produto turístico de recorte
identitário. Esta dissertação é o resultado da pesquisa realizada com turistas negros norte-americanos no Rio de Janeiro, que aponta para a forma com que estes turistas, enquanto consumidores, influenciam na reorganização do mercado turístico carioca por meio de demandas racializadas. Curiosamente, por trás de tais demandas desvelou-se um fundo político, marcado por papéis de gênero, que fornece instrumentos para o mapeamento inicial do turismo sexual envolvendo aquela população na Cidade Maravilhosa. A pesquisa aponta que este universo está basicamente dividido em dois grupos de turistas: o do turismo étnico, majoritariamente formado por mulheres; e o do turismo sexual, composto, com
raras exceções, inteiramente por homens. Esta diferença sugere que a racialização imposta no turismo étnico seja uma exigência das mulheres americanas e indica a preocupação delas em estabelecer identidades e constatar diferenças com os
negros em lugares onde eles tenham participado da história, preocupação que não atinge os turistas sexuais".<br>The ethnic tourism is one of the potential areas for the development of the national tourist activity nowadays in Brazil, since the historic interest of African-Americans widens through the popularization of an ethnic tourist product. This dissertation is the result of a research, made with African-American tourists in Rio de Janeiro, which shows the way, as consumers and through racial demands, they manage to influence the configuration of the cariocas tourist market. Curiously, behind those demands was a political background, oriented by gender roles, which helps to visualize the dynamic of the sexual tourism involving that population in the Wonderful City. It shows that the African-American tourist universe in Rio is basically divided into two groups: the ethnic one, which is mainly formed by women and, the sexual one,
only formed by men. Such a difference suggests that the racial demands imposed by the ethnic tourism may be gender oriented, which indicates the African-American women preoccupation in establishing identities and finding out the differences about places where blacks may have taken part of the local history, which has nothing to do with the concerns of the sexual tourists.
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Schänzel, Heike Annette. "Family time and own time on holiday : generation, gender, and group dynamic perspectives from New Zealand : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Tourism Management /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1194.
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Wolf, Joshua. "It takes more than sun, sea and sand : the case of tourism in the Tampa Bay region, circa 1970-2000." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001884.
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Ransom, Miriam Anna 1972. "Representing sexualised otherness : Asian woman as sign in the discourse of the Australian press." Monash University, School of Literary, Visual and Performance Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9260.
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Scott, Caroline. "Estudo proteômico das células espermáticas de touros." Botucatu, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151488.
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Orientador: José Antônio Dell’Aqua Junior<br>Resumo: O estudo proteômico é utilizado como ferramenta na reprodução animal como auxílio para compreesão da fisiologia das células. Neste sentido esta técnica é empregada em espermatozoides na tentativa de elucidar os processos biológicos e assim determinar os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na separação do sexo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as proteínas das células espermáticas de bovinos em diferentes aspectos. No estudo 1, investigou-se a influência do tampão de extração, associado ou não ao método mecânico (flash-frozen), e da concentração celular sobre a quantidade de proteínas extraídas de espermatozoides de bovinos. Foram utilizados como tampões TRIS contendo Nonidet P-40 (NP), RIPA modificado (RP) e uréia/tiuréia/CHAPS (UT), e as concentrações de 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 x 106 espermatozoides/mL em grupos submetidos ou não ao flash-frozen. As concentrações de proteína total foram quantificadas e gel de eletroforese SDS-1D foi confeccionado. O tratamento UT recuperou maior concentração de proteínas, porém no RP as proteínas apresentaram melhor resolução no gel de eletroforese. A concentração protéica aumentou de acordo com a concentração de células no NP e UT. A influência do flash-frozen variou de acordo com o tratamento. No estudo 2, o objetivo foi traçar o perfil proteico de células espermáticas sexadas (X e Y) de bovinos. Foram utilizadas amostras comerciais de espermatozoides sexados X (n = 6) e Y (n = 6). As proteínas foram solubilizadas, submetidas a espectrom... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The proteomic study is used as a tool in animal reproduction as an aid to understanding of the cells physiology. In this regard, this technique is used in spermatozoa in an attempt to elucidate the biological processes and thus determine the molecular mechanisms involved in the sex separation. Therefore the aim of this study was to describe the bovine sperm cell proteins in different aspects. In study 1, the influence of the extraction buffer, associated or not to mechanical method (flash-frozen), and cellular concentration on the amount of proteins extracted from bovine spermatozoa were investigated. TRIS buffers containing Nonidet P-40 (NP), modified RIPA (RP) and urea/thiourea/CHAPS (UT) were used as well as concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 x 106 spermatozoa/mL in groups submitted or not to flash-frozen. Total protein concentrations were quantified and SDS-1D gel electrophoresis was prepared. The UT treatment recovered a higher concentration of proteins, but in RP the proteins showed better resolution in electrophoresis gel. The protein concentration increased according to the concentration of cells in the NP and UT. The influence of flash-frozen varied according to the treatment. In study 2, the objective was to map the protein profile of sexed sperm cells (X and Y) of cattle. Commercial samples of sexed spermatozoa X (n = 6) and Y (n = 6) were used. The proteins were solubilized, submitted to mass spectrometry SWATH analisys. 459 proteins common to the groups were ide... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Doutor
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Scott, Caroline [UNESP]. "Estudo proteômico das células espermáticas de touros." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151488.
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Previous issue date: 2017-08-25<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>O estudo proteômico é utilizado como ferramenta na reprodução animal como auxílio para compreesão da fisiologia das células. Neste sentido esta técnica é empregada em espermatozoides na tentativa de elucidar os processos biológicos e assim determinar os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na separação do sexo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as proteínas das células espermáticas de bovinos em diferentes aspectos. No estudo 1, investigou-se a influência do tampão de extração, associado ou não ao método mecânico (flash-frozen), e da concentração celular sobre a quantidade de proteínas extraídas de espermatozoides de bovinos. Foram utilizados como tampões TRIS contendo Nonidet P-40 (NP), RIPA modificado (RP) e uréia/tiuréia/CHAPS (UT), e as concentrações de 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 x 106 espermatozoides/mL em grupos submetidos ou não ao flash-frozen. As concentrações de proteína total foram quantificadas e gel de eletroforese SDS-1D foi confeccionado. O tratamento UT recuperou maior concentração de proteínas, porém no RP as proteínas apresentaram melhor resolução no gel de eletroforese. A concentração protéica aumentou de acordo com a concentração de células no NP e UT. A influência do flash-frozen variou de acordo com o tratamento. No estudo 2, o objetivo foi traçar o perfil proteico de células espermáticas sexadas (X e Y) de bovinos. Foram utilizadas amostras comerciais de espermatozoides sexados X (n = 6) e Y (n = 6). As proteínas foram solubilizadas, submetidas a espectromia de massas, análise SWATH. Foram identificadas 459 proteínas comuns aos grupos, 10 variaram a abundância relativa (p < 0,05) De acordo com os resultados obtidos nos 2 estudos conclui-se que a concentração de proteína recuperada em uma amostra varia de acordo com o tratamento e concentração celular. Não foram identificadas proteinas exclusivas presentes nos espermatozoides sexados para X ou Y, entretanto deve-se ressaltar que há uma contaminação de 10% com espermatozoides portadores dos cromossomos opostos, ainda assim, este estudo poderá ser utilizado como embasamento científico para novas pesquisas em busca de marcadores sexo-específicos.<br>The proteomic study is used as a tool in animal reproduction as an aid to understanding of the cells physiology. In this regard, this technique is used in spermatozoa in an attempt to elucidate the biological processes and thus determine the molecular mechanisms involved in the sex separation. Therefore the aim of this study was to describe the bovine sperm cell proteins in different aspects. In study 1, the influence of the extraction buffer, associated or not to mechanical method (flash-frozen), and cellular concentration on the amount of proteins extracted from bovine spermatozoa were investigated. TRIS buffers containing Nonidet P-40 (NP), modified RIPA (RP) and urea/thiourea/CHAPS (UT) were used as well as concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 x 106 spermatozoa/mL in groups submitted or not to flash-frozen. Total protein concentrations were quantified and SDS-1D gel electrophoresis was prepared. The UT treatment recovered a higher concentration of proteins, but in RP the proteins showed better resolution in electrophoresis gel. The protein concentration increased according to the concentration of cells in the NP and UT. The influence of flash-frozen varied according to the treatment. In study 2, the objective was to map the protein profile of sexed sperm cells (X and Y) of cattle. Commercial samples of sexed spermatozoa X (n = 6) and Y (n = 6) were used. The proteins were solubilized, submitted to mass spectrometry SWATH analisys. 459 proteins common to the groups were identified, 10 varied in relative abundance (p <0.05). According to the results obtained in the 2 studies it is concluded that the concentration of recovered protein in a sample varies according to the treatment and cellular concentration. No exclusive proteins were identified in spermatozoa sexed for X or Y, but it should be noted that there is a 10% contamination with spermatozoa bearing the opposite chromosomes, however, this study could be used as a scientific basis for further research in search of sex-specific markers.<br>FAPESP: 2013/23351-3
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Souza, Jackson Jonar Silva. "Modernização, desenvolvimento turístico e exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes no âmbito federal e no Estado de Alagoas: uma análise documental." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1465.
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The aim of this work is to analyze the factors that contribute to increase the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents in the state of Alagoas and Maceió, both in relation to aspects of macro-structural modernization as compared to the sector modernization in the field of tourism development, giving visibility to institutional silences that block the formulation and implementation of adequate public policies to the monitoring and defense of this population segment. The investigation involves historical analysis, bibliographic search and document analysis for understanding processes related to modernization and its impact on the phenomenon of sex tourism and sexual exploitation of children and adolescents at the federal level and in the State of Alagoas. The research identified problems and gaps in the Tourism Development Program in the Northeast - Prodetur I and II and gaps in the Strategic Plan for Tourism Development in the State of Alagoas for the formulation of structural policies to contain the negative effects of modernization on vulnerable segments of the population, especially children and adolescents. The results of the documentary research presented here are restricted exclusively to the formal content of the analyzed documents.<br>O objetivo desta dissertação é evidenciar os fatores que concorrem para a proliferação da exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes no Estado de Alagoas e em Maceió, tanto em relação aos aspectos ligados à modernização macroestrutural como em relação à modernização setorial no campo do desenvolvimento turístico e dar visibilidade aos silêncios institucionais que bloqueiam a formulação e execução de políticas públicas adequadas ao monitoramento e defesa desse segmento populacional. A investigação envolve análise histórica, pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental de processos relacionados à modernização e seus impactos sobre o fenômeno do turismo sexual e da exploração sexual de crianças e adolescentes no âmbito federal e no Estado de Alagoas. A pesquisa identificou problemas e lacunas nos Programas de Desenvolvimento do Turismo no Nordeste – Prodetur I e II e lacunas no Plano Estratégico de Desenvolvimento do Turismo no Estado de Alagoas com relação à elaboração de políticas públicas estruturantes para conter os efeitos negativos da modernização sobre segmentos vulneráveis da população, em especial crianças e adolescentes. Os resultados da pesquisa documental aqui apresentados restringem-se exclusivamente ao conteúdo formal dos documentos analisados.
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Chen, Qian. "An investigation of the role of food tourism in promoting Chinese regions." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/4872.
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Food tourism is an activity that can be promoted by destination marketers. The aims of this research are to provide a holistic examination of domestic tourists’ food experience in China, and to evaluate the potential of food tourism in promoting Chinese regions from the demand side. It has four specific research objectives, including (1) examining the food experience of domestic tourists at three different travel stages in China, (2) assessing the relationships between the food experience of tourists and their demographic profiles, (3) developing a structural model addressing the potential relationships between tourists’ food experience and loyalty intentions toward Chinese destinations, and (4) providing recommendations for marketers to achieve successful destination promotion through food tourism. In order to achieve the research aims and objectives, with the development of a structural theoretical model, a quantitative research design was employed in the study. Data was specifically collected from a sample of 1702 domestic tourists at ten representative destinations in Mainland China. The findings of this study revealed that: firstly, food is, overall, of great significance to Chinese domestic tourists; however, it plays a varying role in domestic tourists’ experiences at different travel stages in China. Secondly, demographic factors such as gender and age have influences on the food experience of Chinese domestic tourists, while educational level has been revealed to be of little influence. Thirdly, tourists’ food satisfaction and food-related behavioural intentions were in direct and positive correlation to tourists’ destination loyalty intentions. The findings highlighted the contribution of local food at a destination level in the context of China, and signified the great potential for destinations to utilise food tourism to attract and retain tourists. Moreover, given the interrelationships shown between the underlying factors of tourists’ food experience and tourists’ destination loyalty intentions, it is noted that tourists’ food experience is a complex multi-phase model among which different phases interrelate with each other exerting an influence on tourists’ loyalty intentions to specific destinations in China. Lastly, based on these findings, both theoretical and practical implications were derived. In particular, practical recommendations have been provided to marketers on how to effectively utilise food tourism to achieve successful destination promotion in China.