Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sexisme en éducation – France – Histoire'
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Gilles, Florent. "Soumission, révolte, sexualité : l'éducation des jeunes filles de Mme de Lafayette à Sade." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIML006/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with how to define the literary report of the nubile young girl breaking into the world and its link to the historical, social and cultural reality in the end of the 17th century and 18th century. How the fictional model of the young girl and the reality interfere in each other? With the help of " gender studies", we will take interest in literature as an active participant of the cultural construction of genres , and in this era as the birth of a kind of feminism. The young girls missing or deliberately incomplete education , appears as a foundation course to the future enslaved condition of woman of this era, to the role given to the feminin gender by society. The word education is to be understood in a larger way: intellectual education, moral education but also sentimental and sexual education. From this perspective, our corpus joins together three types of works, really different works, in order to have an overview on this phenomenon: moral and major works, loose and minor works, and works of female yet successful writers from the 18th century
Nóvoa, António. "La construction du "modèle scolaire" dans l'Europe du Sud-Ouest (Espagne, France, Portugal) : des années 1860 aux années 1920." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040016.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the historical shaping of the “school model” in Southwest Europe (Spain, France and Portugal), from the 1860s to the 1920s. It is a comparative historical research that adopts a “middle range” strategy, between the overly generalised world-system approaches and the overly specific historical national cases. The first section proposes a state of the art of historical studies (chapter one) and comparative researches in the educational field (chapter two). The second section is built around a definition of the “school model” (chapter three) with the following chapters dedicated to the formation of national education systems (chapter four), the spread of mass schooling (chapter five), and the world diffusion of the school model (chapter six). The third section suggests an historical analysis of the four pillars of the school model: the transformation of children into pupils (chapter seven), the mass schooling curriculum (chapter eight), the professionalisation process of teaching (chapter nine), and pedagogy as an expert-discourse on education (chapter ten). The dissertation ends with an historical interpretation of the school modernity, after an analysis of narratives and report missions among the three countries (1910s-1920s), that paves the way to a discussion of the “progressive education” movement (1920s-1930s) and of the “crisis of schooling” that has inhabited contemporary societies since the middle of the 20th century
Mouleba, Emma Prudence. "L' enseignement secondaire au Gabon sous l'angle du genre (1947-1983)." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070022.
Full textThe study of secondary education in Gabon in terms of gender from 1947 to 1983 questions the place of girls in secondary education. Two main issues are addressed as well: the evolution of secondary education from 1947, on the one hand and the inclusion of the feminine element in the middle and high schools, on the other. One of the objectives is also to see if the school system set up in Gabon from independence (1960) has shown by a break or, conversely, is it a continuation of the colonial System. Furthermore, using the gender approach, this study assumes a reflection on gender inequalities in schools in general and secondary education in particular. It is based on a number of criteria: school objectives, methods of recruitment, educational buildings, and other examinations, enrollment, etc. The analysis highlights the differences between girls and boys. It in follows indeed that the girls are, a general perspective, marginalized in the secondary from 1947 to 1983. In other words, despite some progress observed from the sixties, girls are less active than boys at this level of education. The various obstacles to girls' education, maintained by the inherent inequalities in social sex roles justify the slowness of changes
Bongrand, Philippe. "La scolarisation des moeurs : socio-histoire de deux politiques de scolarisation, en France, depuis la libération." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0055.
Full textThomas-Desplebin, Micheline. "Rapport dialectique entre éducation familiale dans une famille "très nombreuse" et éducation permanente : une histoire de vie familiale." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA083802.
Full textChildren from large families (9 children or more) are usually considered having good chances to have good social achievement. This fact is dealt with through a comprehensive sociology approach and questioned through the relationship between family education and continuing education through the lives of the members of those large set of siblings. The life history of a 15-children model family is reported in a ethnographical monography about a nowadays nearly extinct rural world. The ideal type of large family education processes is build and related to the proper dynamic of continuing education in order to test the work hypothesis through analyses of data retrieved in the model family and in a random sample of population surveyed in a rural canton of Deux-Sèvres department. One key-notion appears as central and operational: co-education
Cadilhon, François. "L'Enseignement secondaire à Bordeaux et dans le Sud-Ouest aquitain de la fin de l'Ancien Régime au début de la IIIe République." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040301.
Full textIn spite of the general background and the political hazards illustrated by the original and short-lived experience of the central schools of the Revolution, the study of education in Aquitaine at the end of the Ancien Regime up to the 3rd republic reveals the ever-present problems that such education implies : the difficult organization and financial running of the schools, the monastic everyday life of teachers and pupils. The Falloux act broke with the past. By putting an end to university monopoly, it triggered off the radicalization of educational squabbles to a backcloth of politico-religious conflict in the relations between state and private schools. The act came during an economic mutation that was just as much educational as social and to which the elite of Aquitaine had difficulty adapting. Whereas the region had a high rate of school attendance up to 1824, it had lost its economic and educational vitality at the dawn of the industrial revolution
Robert, Sophie. "Utilisations des documents à l'école : évolution des directives de 1817 à 1999." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100198.
Full textThe CDI (school library) is a polymorphic social space, characterized by a multiplicity of functions. Its role, at the moment, is a significant discussion subject. The debate is at a standstill concerning opposition between information retrieval and lessons, that we call "document versus lecture". Some difficulties result from the intrisic statuory ambiguity of the place. We realized a semantic analysis of statuory text corpus, spanning the period between 1817 and 1999. We make an index of quotations in context of the word document and its derived words. With a historical perspective we noticed an evolution of the directives, that allowed us to identify a statuory framework of the French secondary education various ages of the "document". In 1952, the research showed the existence of a break. This fact constitutes the advent of a new educational paradigm. The constant presence of a "speech of method" involves an exponential increase of directives concerning devices as one of the indicators. The almost hegemonic position of the document in th instructions recovers a complex reality
Vaucelle, Serge. ""L'art de jouer à la Cour" : transformation des jeux d'exercice dans l'éducation de la noblesse française, au début de l'ère moderne (XIIIe-XVIIe siècles)." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0064.
Full textGames of Nobility were deeply transformed during the Early Modern Period in France. Sports for gentlemen became the basic content of the education in the first Academies of the new Court society. The three "arts" (horse riding, fencing and dancing) that were taught throughout the Middle Age tented to differ from medieval chivalry training ways, thus creating a new form of activities. A new form of literature appeared as well during the Classic Age : treatises for the education of courtiers. The incipient basis of this new pedagogical thought invented a new "way to learn", that monarchy changed into a "necessity to play" for gentlement and courtiers
Buton, François. "Les corps saisis par l'Etat : l'éducation des sourds-muets et des aveugles au XIXe siècle : contribution à la socio-histoire de l'Etat, 1789-1885." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://books.openedition.org/pur/100281.
Full textBased on the case of deaf-mute and blind people in the nineteenth century, the thesis treats the processes by which the state has contributed to the construction of society. More precisely, three linked processes are studied : the birth and strengthening of the cognitive category "sensorial disabled" ; the making of the collective identities of deaf-mute and blind social groups, in particular through the production of identifying attributes (sign langage, braille alphabet) ; the structuration and institutionalization of the education of blind and deaf-mute children as a specific social activity. Through a socio-historical analysis which takes into account the general process of constructing the bureaucratic state, the thesis highlights some of the forms by which administrative agents and institutions, speaking in the name of the state, act upon society
Vial, Monique. "Les origines de l'enseignement spécial en France : histoire et enjeux d'une loi scolaire, les racines de la psychologie à l'école (1882-1909)." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H055.
Full textFrom sources of the time (educational reviews and congresses, litterature on abnormal children, parlementary documents, records), the thesis examines the validity of traditionally recognized historical constructions, and critical theories of the left, after 1968. It shows : 1) that the creation of special classes in 1909, and the elaboration of the notion of "debilite mentale" by Binet and Simon do not come from a request of the school, related to the compulsory education; 2) that the conflicts observed at that time, concerning abnormal children cannot be reduced to a simple rivality between physicians and psychologists or psychopedagogues; 3) that the creation of special classes is a multiple and contradictory project, which cannot be interpreted in a simple socio-political way. These questions are studied by the author as a special education specialist and in the light of her marxist ideology. Her results tend to show that a new critical approach is possible, based on the analysis of Binet and Simon's researches, and on a confrontation between the notion of "debilite mentale" and the actual treatment of school problems. The thesis concluded with a question about the way history of special education has been written. In particular, it tries to show h ow it is possible that, in France as well as in others countries, the historical models elaborated during more than half a century appear not to coincide with the data collected
Rouet, Gilles. "L'invention de l'école : étude statistique et cartographique diachronique des modèles scolaires et exploration d'un exemple régional : l'école primaire dans la Marne et les Ardennes sous la Monarchie de Juillet." Reims, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1991REIML001.
Full textThe examination of the example of the north of the champagne illustrates the evolutionary study of the constituent elements, noted and recognized, of the polymorphic system of elementary education between 1820 and 1876. The scholastic practices, under the "monarchie de juillet", remained dissimilar on french territory but the manifestatio of certain social demands for instruction or surveillance favoured the invention of a coherent system in its representations as in its projected reality. The guizot law accelerated this evolution, at least in part of france, anticipating obligatory scholastic attendance and compulsory way for the incorporation of teachers into the civil service system. The "raison universelle", the purpose of which was the maintenance of social order and the formation of a citizenship, founded this law on 28 june 1833. To a particulat function, organized both thanks to a determined and concilatory policy and the desires of the local actors, is associated a particular framework, space, time, rythm and obhects. Thus appeared a new generation of teachers and trained professionals who distinguished themselves in the bosom of the communities. This administration of the school premises was removed from their control and they could interest themselves much more in the pedagogic aspects of primary instruction. The invention of school, a collective space of examplary sanitation, testifies to the recognition of the status of childhood, a period devoted to the apprentice ship of knowledg and social living. The "comites locaux et superieurs" had a fundamental role in the ideological generalization and application of the system. Disapearing at the same time as the political regime, they permited the establishment oc a centralised control of elementary education. The school thus becam a state apparatus
Molina, Betancur Carlos Mario. "La réforme de la loi Falloux." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020054.
Full textBellefon, Renaud de. "Du terroir au territoire : histoire des guides de montagne en France (vers 1780-1960)." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20063.
Full textLabelling the activity of mountain guides as vocational has turned it into a sideline, into imagery. As an inheritor of this imaginary construction, as an observer, an actor and a historian, I propose here to upset it by writing a history of mountain guides from 1780 to 1960. The mountain guide came into existence as soon as mountains were viewed as touristic sites. However, the guide himself considered his profession as a mere extension of his usual farming activity in a mountain environment. In his own eyes - and in his client's, usually middle-class person - he delved his legitimacy from his dwelling place and his long familiarity with the mountain. Nevertheless, only in Chamonix could the mountain guides set up and impose a company with established rules directly resulting from a communitarian exploitation of the mountain. In contrast, anywhere else the strangers and the alpinists were the real power, and they managed to outclass the guide. Considering his knowledge of mountain environment as purely intuitive enabled them to devise exclusion procedures such that the mountain guide now just ranked a as sub alpinist. A mere servant of his client, the local mountain guide remained a loyal and faithful underling and had to become acquainted with the mountain as it had been appropriated and remodeled by the client. In view of his dependence on the alpinist, which is evident from the available sources, the mountain guide had to adapt himself after 1930 to the new trends in mountain resort business - to become an alpinist, as in Chamonix or to vanish, as in the Pyrenees. However, a turn of the tide occurred in the period going from 1930 to 1950, with the guide now appearing as the leader in the pair. In the process the local mountain man acting as a guide has been changed into a full-time alpinist, a professional, in short a new type of; mountain man. A new mountain has been reinvented, marked by sport and leisure activities, an evolution that has its counterpart in the society at large
Quincy-Lefebvre, Pascale. "De l'enfance insoumise a l'enfance difficile : regards et pratiques correctives des parents : entre familles et institutions dans les milieux populaires des villes (1880-fin des annees trente)." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070099.
Full textThe judgement on deviancy, when indicting a child's behvior, may be established by different kinds of institutions. Aside from the representations of the judges, the doctors, the philantropists, the school teachers. . . , there are those of the families through the portraits of "refractory" or more widely "difficult"children. On the subject of "families", "institutions and difficult child", two main directions were favored. First, this study took an interest in the representations of the "difficult child" through the discourse given by the "entrepreneurs of moral standards" and by the families. Those approaches reveal the weight of some interactions. The definitions given by the parents show the importance of permanencies. Nevertheless, some evolution may be noticed, going progressively in the direction of the broadening of the deviancy figures retained by the parents. Stigmatization of the bad pupil's behavior is one the forms taken by this broadening. Secondly, the research focused on the family's reactions to the presence of the problematic child. The private means of correction and the strategies of opening on to other institutions were studied. The period chosen shows the external authorities being less willing to justify the families' represessive quest. The logic of assistance is the one prevailing, being sought by some parents
Mazereau, Philippe. "L'école dans le champ français de l'éducation spéciale : 1909-1989 : Les conflits de désignation psychiatrique, pédagogique et psychologique de l'insuffisance mentale de l'enfant." Montpellier 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON30005.
Full textHistory of special education and especially the place tooken indoors by the school, serve here as a chronological thread to a work of reconstruction which tries to preserve logic's multidiinentionality which is set to work in that field. The study of the description's oppositions, supplie by the bipartit structure in a sector devided, from the very beginning, into school and psychiatric institutions, represents its main argument. Its problematic - producted by the pratice's analysis of a specialised teatcher having worked in a therapeutic establishment- notes the imaginery and epistemological consequences of this subjective implication. Its purpose takes into consideration the interrelational dimension of political. Institutionnal and erudite oppositions, about child mental deficiency, too often jorsaken by school and psychiatry's specific sociologies. The emergence of specific field of special education, at the beginning of the twentieth century, revealed at the same time the political, institutionnal and erudite dimensions of knowledge the child mental ionctionning. In the course of history, social educational and or therapeutic practices, served of resource to the classification's discussions, linking questions about politic and educational methods. As a generic designation, the notion of child mental insufficiency knew many psychiatric, psychological and pedagogical meanings which aim at determining the proportion of educable and remediable. Nowadays debates about school failure account for the contradictory aspect of representations which acknowledge their dependance to a complex system of determinations. Following up the social's construction's principles of abnormality's categories, of maladjustment, of handicap, bring up to date the professionnal and disciplinary aspects of nosographical's representations. Psychiatry, psychoanalysis and psychologies heterogeneous productions refer to their practical and instutionnal roots, even thouth the sterile opposition between science and ideology isnt renewed. So can we hope to determine for the best the social stakes bound by the knoledge's production on child psychism
Constant, Paule. "L'éducation des jeunes filles de l'aristocratie (du seizième au dix-neuvième siècle)." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040302.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the education of young girls within a class of society which extolled them as the very paragons of their sex. The analysis of the principles of this education and its material organization, as well as of the intellectual and ethical moulding of the "damsel" and her training at social life draws from a variety of sources - such as written works or documents which are specific expressions of women and the feminine world (letters, conversations, memories, memoirs, records, newspapers): texts inspired by religion or the church (convent rules, statutes and constitutions, converses, counsels and advice); works aiming more especially at some form of education (plays, tales, novels, gazettes, charades). . . In short the whole study tends to demonstrate how the permanence of a grand design purporting to bring up and train the "damsel" in such ways as to eventually establish and maintain her as a model or mythical mirror of the ideal feminity was insured throughout a long period of French history running from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries
Demeulenaere-Douyère, Christiane. "Paul Robin (1837-1912) : "bonne naissance, bonne éducation, bonne organisation sociale"." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010638.
Full textPaul Robin (1837-1912) may be regarded as an innovating and talented teacher whose name is tied up to the first attempt to realize "the integral education", at orphelinat prevost, in Cempuis (Oise). But, he is also a tireless militant in other fields and, behind "the cempuis man", he is also the internationalist Robin, involved in all the struggles of the first international albeit persecuted because of his ideals, the fellow of libertarians and the pioneer in france of neo-malthusianism and one of its best progpagandists. Our time must identify paul robin as one its forerunners because he knew how to perceive the great movements which. Few decades later, shall flare up the french society, but even if he has often been ahead of his time by thinking and acting, he is also tied up to it. Recoolecting his life's story, we can see taking place the history of European social movement between 1860 and 1910
Gutierrez, Laurent. "L'éducation nouvelle et l'enseignement catholique en France : 1899-1939." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA082972.
Full textThis thesis contends that filiation assumed the philosophical ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau by a majority of the representatives of the movement of new Education, mixed with ignorance theoretical and practical methods by active members of the Christian education community has condemned the understanding and, by the same token, the dissemination of this teaching in French Catholic teaching between the late nineteenth century and the beginning of World War II. At the same time, the proliferation of referees called to legitimize this profane pedagogy has developed in its place a sceptic among Catholics that has since confirmed that some representatives of this education movement have affirmed their commitment to political struggles contrary to those of the Church
Roux, Jacqueline. "Le lycée Lamartine : 1891-1996 : histoire d'un lycée parisien de jeunes filles." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010612.
Full textA history of our national education viewed from down below, carried out from the institution's own archives. How are accepted the instructions issued by the ministry of education and the educational district when delivered at the lycee: Camille See act, Berard reform, charge exemption from scholarly costs, Capelle reform? What is the part of autonomy, sometimes of ignoring instructions? Four periods in this monograph of a century-old lycee of the 9th district: - the time of young ladies, 1891-1914, that of the diploma, of passionate feminism and social work (workroom and holiday camps). Enrolment- for a fee -is from children of the district middle-class - jewish, protestant and militant agnostic families - but, contrary to instructions, "eagles" are induced to enter the university, while "goslings" study part-time and, with their mothers, spend the afternoon on social life. - The time of graduates - 1914-1954- with enrolment from the suburdan middle-class. In the thirties the lycee turns out around a hundred graduates every year. An entrance examination to the lower form makes registration dependent on merit, not only on social status. The second war is a black period, owing to to the large number of jewish girls: deportations, "yellow star", hidden children, exclusion of teachers. - the time of effervescence and dissent - may '68, guiot affair, the "files", movement against the debre act, etc. . . - creates a hotbed of protest and intense creativity, resulting in a fracture among the adults, teaching staff and parents. - The time of ebbing of perischolar pedagogic activities and political activism after 1980, despite ups and downs : the opening to boys remains incomplete, the college (lower forms) becomes socially more elitist than the lycee, suburban enrolment disappears. The lycee is seeking for a new breath
El, Boujjoufi Taïeb. "L''investissement médical en éducation physique : étude des conditions sociales de formation d'une position collective (1880-1950)." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100138.
Full textThe medical investment in physical education between 1880 and 1950 was the result of particular social conjecture favourising the establishment of a collective position. This process of “medicalisation” was a force which invested physical education in multiple ways, in an irreversible, anonymous process, a regular and insiduous annexations. It was as if this process of medicalisation was taking place in a social vacuum. This explains the basic analytical approach adopted : to examine the evolution from an underlying “medico-pedagogical and sporting” interest (still linked to an emerging reforming system) to a specialised interest group. The analysis follows the progress of this developing interest as it forms and re-forms and traces the new lines of divison established between the various actors working in the domain of the manipulation of the human body
Ashworth, Antoinette. "L'école, l'État et la société civile en France depuis le XVIe siècle." Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020044.
Full textThe relationship between school, state and civil society in france as from the 16th century may be divided into three periods. From the 16th century until the beginning of the "monarchie de juillet", the state and the civil society act jointly and without distinction on all schools. Schooling activity is organized by the state. It is financed and managed by the civil society. Two types of school coexist, one of which already has some features of a bureaucratic system. From the "monarchie de juillet" until the beginning of the 5th republic, the action of the state and that of the civil society are led in parallel: schooling activity is divided between the state and the civil society. Most of elementary schools, financed and managed by the state, develop bureaucratic characteristics. The civil society which has been eliminated from the state-run schools, acquires a margin of autonomy, set by the state, which enables it to create privately financed and privately managed schools. As from the beginning of the 5th republic, the action of the state extends on private schools which consequently loose a large measure of their specificity. Simultaneously, the exclusive management of the state-run schools by the state and their bureaucratic organisation are strongly contested : there are heavy pressures towards a reappropriation of the state-run schools by the civil society
Barthélemy, Michel. "Fernand Deligny ou les fondements élémentaires du lien social : une analyse ethnométhodologique d'un charisme." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988IEPP0016.
Full textThis study is primarily interested in human interaction and formation of social bonds. The empirical case research concerns a group that shelters autistic adolescents in a rural setting without any particular therapeutic orientation. One of the specifities of this milieu is the aptitude of its members to render visible and to give an appearance of normality to the patterns of behavior of the young autists: in this community young autists are not considered as handicapped. This phenomenologically oriented research attempts to analyse the classic links between knowledge and power; in this case a conception of the autists "acting" as theorized by F. Deligny and the practical know-how developped by the members of the community
Collinet, Cécile. "Les grands courants de l'éducation physique en France : analyse et comparaison de six courants au XXième siècle." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H019.
Full textConceptions on physical education can be considered as a kaleidoscope of different ways of viewing and conceiving our teaching. We are interested in what we call the different "trends" in the 20th century. Our approach is multiple. First it is historical in so far as one of its objectives is to take into account the changes occured in the conceptions of physical education in the course of time and to locate these conceptions in relation with particular characteristics of a given period. Secondly our approach is sociological : we study this subject as a social system with own mode of functioning and producing knowledge, its actors, interactions, conflicts and struggles. Finally, it is epistemological, since we intend to analyse the production of knowledge in the special sphere of physical education. Six trends are thus being studied: ratinal gymnastics by G. Demeny, la ligue d'education physique de P. Tissie, G. Hebert's natural method, educational sport by the sportive and gymnic federation of work, Jean le Boulch's psychocinetics and the trend of motor action by P. Parlebas. The main question is to make out the positive points about each of these trends. An analysis of contents of a carefully chosen corpus leads to defining three study indicators : a thematic indicator (considering the main themes), a semantic indicator (listing the recurring words used by each author), a referential indicator (collecting a groupe of quotations). Owing to these indicators the main tendencies of each trend are determined and then placed again in a historical and sociological context in order to analyse the logics of the production of knowledge. Finally, the different trends are compared to each other thanks to operational comparison creteria. The comparison results in underscoring the faults and dead-ends of each conception, for P. E. Both as a school discipline as well as a university subject (the sciences and techniques of physical and sportive activities). The trend of motor action is the only one escaping it, while opening a nex way to a true epistemology producing new specific knowledge
Mougniotte, Alain. "L'émergence de l'instruction civique dans les programmes scolaires français : des origines de la loi de 1882 à 1914." Lyon 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO20024.
Full textJarnet, Loïc. "La légitimation des politiques de l'éducation physique scolaire en France." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040204.
Full textWhy does physical and sports education, a compulsory scholastic discipline, exist? What is it based on? The idea of PE for all, included in the national education system, appeared during the second half of the 18th century in a specific context. Its functionality began with the moderate 3rd republic; it acquired its consistency under de Gaulle. Today, the doctrines of PE are divided into two fundamental positions: those who feel that the objectivity of PE lies in a particular science; and others who believe that PE can only apply “rationales” which are constituted elsewhere. However, PE is based upon a rationale which is both formal (an intrinsic force based on several paradigms) and material (extrinsic forces: political, economic, social). It is the endogenous rationalizations which ensure its reason for being, which explains why the state universalizes it. The boudonian methodology demonstrates that PE is based on knowledge: it maintains that the consequences confirm the principles and, in turn, the principles cause the consequences. From this perspective, reality is questioned through paradigms. The knowledge of PE cannot, therefore, be presented in the form of an immense hypothetical-deductive theory resulting from a few principles. But rather, it takes the form of a gap-ridden intertwining of hypothetical-deductive theories. The methodological and pedagogical concern subsequently compels a choice to be made among the most pertinent elements. But from an epistemological point of view, after 1945, the concepts of PE were dominated by marxist-oriented categories generating preconceived ideas introduced by contemporary research carried out with unrelenting exegesis. For logical and empirical reasons, PE has now become sports oriented. But the grand explanatory theories of the sports phenomenon, today dominated by irrational theories valorizing social causality, affirm that sports are based on illusory adhesions. However, cognitive-oriented sociology demonstrates that, like PE, sports are based on a contextual rationale. PE is therefore founded on a network of “good reasons” confronted with reality and which cannot pretend to exist without any relationship to human dignity
Arnaud, Pierre. "Le sportman, l'écolier, le gymnaste : la mise en forme scolaire de la culture physique." Lyon 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO20009.
Full textIn what conditions can a new subject be introduced into, then maintened in school curriculum ? The case of physical education (P. E. ) Is typical : its position in the schoolhouse (where it is a stranger) can be explained by political, cultural and educationned considerations. The thesis rests on two problematics. The first, that of integration analyses the connection between physical culture and physical education by relating the ways in which fitness and sport activities are created, transformed and spread outside school, and the ways in which physical culture is introduced and treated in the curriculum. It is then possible to know if p. E. Is indeed typical of contemporary school practices. The second, that of assimilation enables us to study the effects of school constraint : indeed ; isn't P. E. Bound to conform to an educational organisation (defined by o. Greard as early as 1868) which imposes a management of groups, exercices, space, time, in the definite frame of curriculum and method ? Besides, isn't that scholastic orthodoxy the very guarantee of the eartnestness, the rationality, the progressivism, in short, the dignity of reputedly useless, dangerous or derisory training. Actually, the culturel and scholastic sides are drifting apart : the specificity of P. E. , its legitimity exist only within, by and for school. The increasing number of educational institutions relaying that activity is a clue to the struggles, the differenciation, the specialization of competing educational departments. A survey of local sources has provided the data which permitted to relate national decisions to their enforcement in the lyons area. The informations collected have been submitted to quantitative and contents assessment. The interplay of affinities and identities marking the advent of sports sociabilities are the very principal of the dynamics of the development of sports associations. The span of this survey (1870-1914) covers the time required for P. E. To conform to the requirements of scholastic orthodoxy. That normalisation shows that the problematics of assimilation prevail over that of assimilations. From the favouring of its pedagogical functions over its cultural functions, P. E. Will have to draw many lessons
Bellin, Jean-Luc. "Les écoles Auboises de la petite enfance de 1833 à 1881." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070041.
Full textMichel, Youenn. "De la tolérance a l’intégration : l’école et l’enseignement des langues régionales en france, du régime de vichy aux années 198." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040155.
Full textThe history of Education in France, for regional languages and cultures, mirrors the relations between State and local authorities. It also hinges on the history and evolution of Education policies and teaching, the study of identity representations and the sociology of Education. Since the French Revolution, one of Education’s main goals has been integration through the teaching of the French language. So what has become of the teaching of regional cultures in French schools during the second half of the XXth century? From the Vichy regime to the 80’s, albeit some differences from one region’s aim to another, the teaching system has evidenced a strong will to raise awareness to local cultural heritage and to encourage optional lessons in regional languages. This is why research must investigate the motivations of the teachers and students involved, as well as what determines the introduction of local cultural references into the culture of Education
Laurent-Robert, Béatrice. "La maison d'éducation de la Légion d’honneur des Loges de 1881 à 1980 : permanences et accommodations." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN1714.
Full textThe purpose of this doctoral thesis is to study the evolution of Les Loges School over a period that spans from 1881, when secularisation was introduced, to 1980, when the first married woman was sent on secondment from the Ministry of Education to take up her post as superintendent of the school. The issue is about the tension induced by the changes in teaching methods due to the secularisation and a survival from the past through its educational model, which makes it a peculiar place to socialise. Through a chronological approach, this study first focuses on the history of the schools from their origin – then imperial girls schools for orphans – to the departure of the latter from the Congrégation de la Mère de Dieu owing to the secularisation. The study then throws light on the administrative running and teaching methods of Les Loges School, as well as on the daily life of the staff and the pupils. Eventually this thesis considers the specificities of being a superintendent through the study of three of them between 1938 and 1980; to do so, the way they acted and positioned themselves is put into perspective as regards the historical and sociological context
Kolb, Georges. "Belles manières et cohésion sociale : Chrétien de Troyes témoin d'une éducation au XIIe siècle." Rennes 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN20020.
Full textUntil now and probably because of the little attention given to them by our society, manners have not yet found their place either in education or in research. Nethertheless, important social issues are at stake behind their surface futility, for each individual as well as for society as a whole. From this observation, even though the present research implicitly raises behaviour in society to the rank of a science subject, its first aim is to find out what these stakes are and through which socioeducational strategies a social group perpetuates the manners that distinguish it and controls their evolutions. Therefore, relying on the analysis of the specific manners of the courtly society as they are shown in Chretien de Troyes's romances, the present research reveals that two complementary social processes are at work : the reproduction which ensures that manners are passed on to the individuals of the group and the supervision which ensures its conformity to social expectations. These two processes are at one in the social control of which they are the two dimensions. On this simple conceptual basis, we are concerned above all with the analysis of language manners and gestural manners whether they are female ones or male ones. To be more precise, we shall discover how these behaviours, which are marked with the social group's history, contribute to making men masculine and women feminine. Finally, by showing that manners work like social membership marks, this research brings to light both the necessity of their learning to ensure the inclusion of individuals in the group and its cohesion, but also the exclusion processes this learning insidiously exudes
Barrier, Claudette. "L'enseignement spécialisé (1945-1990) : analyse sociologique et historique de l'évolution des professions dans le secteur de l'adaptation et de l'intégration scolaires." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05H074.
Full textSpecial schooling created in 1909 was a first institutional answer to school organization of deviant childhood and adolescence. Moreover it contributed to defining a new profession : special teacher in primary school. The study of special institutorat, as a part of division of labour, reveals social and professional paths which lead to the different functions of teaching, reeducating, education authority, adults training, comittee secretaryship of special education and of the diversity of recruitment that modify professional behaviors. This analysis which is based on the interactionistic schema of career, in the sense of a path that updates an aptitude system, leads to the building of several professional types that stand out as milestones in socio-historic evolution of the profession. This differential approach shows that the search of the acknowledgment of a social identity in joining union or professional associations being inclined to the corporation, indicates the emergency of the professionalization process in the different constituted groups
Luc, Jean-Noël. "L'invention du jeune enfant au XIXe siècle : de la salle d'asile à l'école maternelle (1826-1887)." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010692.
Full textBeginning at the end of the restoration, associations, municipalities, and congregations opened infant schools to accommodate and educate children from two six years of age. The first stage in substituting universal preschooling for familial or private child care, the infant school enrolled, in 1881, 20% of the targeted public in 5500 institutions. Its founders did not want only to free the feminine labor-force for work outside the home and to ensure a second income for working-class families : in the name of an ambitious pedagogical project, they refised the traditional day nurseries, and proposed to welcome the neglected young children of the middle class. They acted according to an optimistic representation of the "seconde enfance", a name by which doctors distinguished the period that separates weaning or the first teething from the age of reason. These pioneers belonged to cultured circles that discovered, more or less by empirical means, the intellectual aptitudes and needs of the alert, curious, and talkative youngster they asserted the child's right - as a holder of special familial prerogativesto receive an appropriate education, in a particular building, and under the direction of a specialized staff. Henceforth, in architecture, pedagogy, and municipal management, the child of between twp and six years was distinguished both from nurslings and from elementary-school students. Born of a particular interest in this period of life, the infant school contributed to making its specificity recognized
Abonnen, Denis. "De l'amical de l'ENEP à l'AEEPS (1936-1982) : engagement associatif et formation professionnelle continue des enseignants d'EPS." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10045.
Full textMelançon, François. "Discours du savoir en Nouvelle-France : la perception de l'instruction chez les prêtres du Séminaire de Québec (1663-1760)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29295.
Full textLegris, Patricia. "L' écriture des programmes d'histoire en France (1944-2010) : sociologie historique d'un instrument d'une politique éducative." Paris 1, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579269.
Full textLegris, Patricia. "L'écriture des programmes d'histoire en France (1944-2010). Sociologie historique de la production d'un instrument d'une politique éducative." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579269.
Full textLaborderie, Pascal. "Le film-parabole dans les Offices du « cinéma éducateur » en France dans l'entre-deux-guerres : histoire d'un cinéma de propagande et étude d'un genre cinématographique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030069.
Full textThis study explains why and how the popular State Education contributed to the emergence of a genre, called “parable film”, within the context of a propaganda cinema in France between the interwar years. Competing with the charities of the Employers and of the Church, the teachers of the State Education took in hand the leisure of the working-class and farming-class families within associations federated by the Ligue de l’enseignement. Offices of the “educational cinema” constituted a vast network which did the propaganda of French culture and of the political ideas of the Cartel des gauches, and then of the Popular Front [part I]. With their entertaining and educational aims, these offices favoured narrative and argumentative non-fiction feature films, such as those directed by Jean Benoit-Lévy. Those “parable films” are studied according to a method of analysis which offers theoretical viewpoints on the study of the genres [! part II]. Eventually, this work consists in leading in a complementary way history of “educational cinema” and the study of the “parable film” genre in order to consider how a sociocultural context popular State Education cinema and a mode of production of meaning the parable are linked with propaganda aims
Ciavaldini-Cartaut, Solange. "Histoire de l’activité conjointe dans la formation de terrain des enseignants du secondaire : vers une psychologie du développement de l’activité de l’adulte en formation." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10096.
Full textRossignol, Christian. "Inadaptation, handicap, invalidation ? : Histoire et étude critique des notions, de la terminologie et des pratiques dans le champ professionnel de l'Education spéciale." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR1PS04.
Full textDa, Costa Dominique. "Traces, travail de mémoire et éducation : de la constitution d'un patrimoine culturel dans le Bassin sidérurgique de Longwy." Nancy 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN21026.
Full textChéroutre, Marie-Thérèse. "Le scoutisme au féminin : les Guides de France, 1923-1998." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010564.
Full textPigno-Richard, Caroline. "Condorcet, Jules Ferry et Alain : une histoire de l'école de la République." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30046.
Full textCondorcet, Ferry and Alain can all claim membership in the Republican School. But when we consider their writings and discourses in this field, differences appear in the purpose or function they attribute to the School. These discrepancies are due to the importance each man gives to either teaching or education. We can attribute this disagreement to the different status of two of these men: Condorcet, a philosopher, and Ferry, a politician. The educational purpose could be seen as a reflection of the political consequences of that time. But when we consider Alain, a teacher not particularly concerned with the political consequences of his time, we see the problem appearing again since many of his "Propos" have as a purpose both teaching and education in the school institution. This could demonstrate that the differences that still exist inside the Republican School are not only on a political level, but on an educational one as well
Puga, Alice. "Naissance et vie d'une congrégation religieuse entre 1800 et 1953 : le Saint Nom de Jésus." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040099.
Full textThe Congregation of the Holy Name of Jesus, object of this study, was born in 1800 in Toulouse. Its existence over the years provides a page of the history of French CAtholicism, through this community of teaching Sisters meeting the diverse governements between 1800 and 1950. In addition, the story of the Holy Name of Jesus provides a page of the history of the instruction of girls in the 19Th and 20th centuries : living through years from 1900 to 1905, the evolution of french society and of the Church, obliged the sisters to reconsider their teaching, which, until that time, was a softened form of the teaching given to the boys. For the Holy Name of Jesus, affilated to the Dominican Order in 1888, it was a question not only of pursuing the taste entrusted to it by the Church, but also of finding its place in a Society which was more and more hostile to religious orders. This study, then, hopes first to be an illustration of what a congregation is between 1800 and 1950, from both the outside - How do the Sisters live? How are they greeted?- and the inside - How do the Sisters see theirs life? What motives incline their enter in couvent? What are theirs goals?- Second, that work leads to a question : why were some congregations victorious in passing through the upsets of the two last centuries why so many others did not survive them? Through the history of the Holy name of Jesus we have endeavored to provide a response : beyong secondary exterior factors, the perenity of a religieous institute first depends on the spirit which animates its members
Coudray, Sophie. "Histoire politique et esthétique du Théâtre de l'opprimé en france de ses origines aux années 1990." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2124.
Full textFar from the mythic and fragmented image of Theatre of the oppressed, this study intends to bring to light the ongoing processes in the development of this praxis developed by the Brazilian director Augusto Boal. Systematically considered as both a theory (the poetics of the oppressed) and a practice, Theatre of the oppressed is comprehended in all its historicity. Drawing on a theoretical corpus as well as archives – including unpublished funds from the Parisian Theatre of the oppressedCentre – and interviews with practitioners who used to be members of the Parisian centre, these researches lead us to trace Theatre of the oppressed political and aesthetical history.Organised in chronological order, this study begins in Brazil during the 1930s, in order to discuss Augusto Boal’s artistic concerns – while he works as Teatro Arena’s director in São Paulo – focused on the search for a renewal of dramatic forms tied up with a political imperative: performing popular theatre, that is a theatre performed for Brazilian people. From this time, we attempt to uncover the early stages of a theoretical reflection but also the roots of some theatre techniques, thatconstituted the fertile ground for the further development of Theatre of the oppressed during the mid 1970s, while Boal is in exile.The rest of this study takes place in France, a country where Boal starts to become known in 1971 through the Nancy World Theatre Festival and the revue Travail théâtral. By the end of the 1970s, in Paris he starts the first permanent group of Theatre of the oppressed, whose mission is to spread this method. Progressively, this group will become more professional and institutionalised, and will finally find its place in the field of sociocultural intervention theatre, a place where this structure continues its activities until 1988, when it breaks out and leaves the door open for many companies spread throughout France, leaving the old centre whose theatre identity has been radically altered.The French history of Theatre of the oppressed is the story of a permanent dialogue between theatre, the activist and political fields and popular education. This is also the story of a collective gathered around the use of the same theatrical method over two decades, while the face of society is being deeply reshaped. Thus, this history is fraught with many contradictions, evolutions but also strong positions being held and reaffirmed. Our task is to bring them to light. From activist movements to urban policy, Theatre of the oppressed Centre’s path is nothing else but the path of a group in touch with its time. However, the Parisian structure grounded by Boal is at the core of the spread of Theatre of the oppressed techniques in the whole world. That’s why writing Theatre of the oppressed history in France is a way to modestly contribute to writing its world’s history, in which the Parisian centre represents a major step
Py, Gilbert. "Rousseau et les éducateurs : essai sur la fortune des idées pédagogiques de Jean-Jacques Rousseau en France et en Europe au XVIIIe siècle." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040088.
Full textBlanchard, Stéphane. "Une lecture sociologique et anthropologique du fait éducatif dans l'institution maçonnique." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR129.
Full textThis thesis focuses on "a sociological and anthropological reading of the educational fact in the Masonic institution" and more particularly on the French obedience in activity. It strives to demonstrate that the Masonic method is indeed an educational method, hosting educational and didactic contents. To study educational invariants (principles, approaches, techniques, tools), a comparative analysis of content from the "common base of knowledge, skills and culture" established by the Ministry of Education was performed. The initiation ceremony and its corollaries through the provision of its symbolic toolbox. We explain the content based on the analysis of the results from materials (questionnaires, semi-directive interviews, participating observations) and with regard to the values claimed by Freemasonry: educability, perfectibility and universality. Furthermore, we explain whether the Masonic method falls within an explanatory framework of learning with the analysis of the typology of contents and the biographical strategies implemented by Homo masonicus. The initiation ceremony is defined beforehand as a permanent primary socialization activity in which Homo masonicus uses resources to regularly update his biographical capital and renew his biographical experience. Thus, it recontextualizes the biographical units of capital in the collective biography of the Lodge. We analyzed individualized biographies, the learning processes observed in the lodge and the established metacognitive strategies and we compared them to the reading grid of Bloom's taxonomy. The thesis focuses on the thematic analysis of the transmission of knowledge and plural identities through a pluri-disciplinary reading, mainly articulated around four axes: sociological, anthropological, biographical and educational, in general. From this perspective, these four axes focus on demonstrating the successive stages of content analysis through the analysis grid designed for this research. The axes critically analyze the processes of an internalization of the educational practice in the lodge and of its reciprocal transposition to the outside in a dialogic principle.To illuminate this topic, we had to clarify the socio-historical context of the French obedience and explain how several invariants are largely inspired by the traditional system of transmission of knowledge and training to a profession, which is anchored mainly in guild communities, craft-people and, more broadly, corporations like cathedral builders
Lebecq, Pierre-Alban. "Paschal Grousset et la Ligue nationale de l'éducation physique." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28376.
Full textSimon, Elisabeth. "Classe et genre : l’idéal d’une éducation égalitaire pour tous : l’exemple de Fécamp (1806-1906)." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMLH05/document.
Full textThe promise of equality for all in education at the time of the Revolution will not be achieved in the following years. France does not have the means to set up education for its ambitions. With Napoleon and the return of the monarchy, the congregations find the privileged position they held under the old regime to supplement these deficiencies. The two main obstacles to equality that are socially and gender difference, and solutions to address these brakes, are studied in this thesis based on the concrete example of the maritime city of Fécamp (Seine maritime, France) from 1806 to 1906 where three congregations, the sisters of Providence of Rouen, the Christian brothers and the sisters of Saint Vincent de Paul, shared education (through schools and orphanages) with teachers and laic personnel
Lassus, Marianne. "Jeunesse et sports : l'invention d'un ministère (1928-1948)." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30061.
Full textDegeorges, Benoit. "Petite enfance et éducation familiale : etayage de l’histoire et perspectives." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20079.
Full textThis doctoral thesis, situated in the field of family education, is based on the history of early childhood in France, in order to learn a lesson about the organizations and the protagonists, whether they are parents or professionals. The standpoint of this thesis is to pave the way for improvements in the host sector and in the sector of the education of young children.The sociohistorical approach, by means of a document research, makes it possible to compare and to connect the demographic contexts and the outstanding social facts during the different periods, since the 17th century. Thus this approach offers a continuity for the tales : from the safeguarding of the abandoned children to the hygienist child-care centers of the 19th century, from the paid breast-feeding - which was in general use during the 18th century – to the diversification of the family models during the 20th century, from the « feeling of childhood » to the rights of the child, regarded as a « subject ». The analysis of the historical developments shows a logic in the qualitative construction of the organizations : the private initiatives are perpetuated and controlled by the public authorities, functioning standards - based on social consensus - are promulgated. History also reveals the marks of the former ideologies, among the early childhood professionals : charity safeguarding, hygienism. Finally, the difficulties experienced by young children’s parents seem to be recurrent : isolation, loss of educational benchmarks. An experience of collective thought dedicated to quality, on the one hand, and a local research orientated towards action on the question of parenting, on the other hand, confirm the lessons of history. In a present context that may be described as « managerial », this thesis introduces standpoints for qualitative improvement and for support to the parental function : approaches aiming at a curriculum and participating approaches, organization of spaces making co-education possible – such as the spaces dedicated to host children and parents, and other spaces of information