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Journal articles on the topic 'Sexist'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Bonilla-Algovia, Enrique. "Acceptance of ambivalent sexism in trainee teachers in Spain and Latin America countries." Anales de Psicología 37, no. 2 (April 25, 2021): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.441791.

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El sexismo ambivalente es un constructo multidimensional compuesto por dos componentes: el sexismo hostil y el sexismo benévolo. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar la aceptación de las actitudes sexistas ambivalentes en una muestra de futuros y futuras docentes de España y Latinoamérica. En la investigación participaron 2798 docentes en formación con una edad media de 22.62 años (DE = 6.23) que residían en siete países: España, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Colombia, Chile, Argentina y México. Los resultados muestran que las actitudes sexistas están presentes, con diferentes grados de aceptación, en el profesorado en formación de todos los países. La aceptación del sexismo varía significativamente entre hombres y mujeres y entre los países de la muestra. Parece existir una relación entre los niveles de sexismo y los índices de desigualdad de género y desarrollo humano. Las actitudes sexistas del profesorado pueden transmitirse a través del sistema educativo y de los procesos de socialización, por lo que es fundamental incluir la perspectiva de género en los planes de formación inicial y continua del profesorado. Ambivalent sexism is a multidimensional construct composed of two elements: hostile sexism and benevolent sexism. The main aim of this study is to analyse the acceptance of ambivalent sexist attitudes in a sample of future teachers from Spain and Latin America. The sample is composed of 2798 trainee teachers, and their mean age is 22.62 years (SD = 6.23), they were residing in seven countries: Spain, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Colombia, Chile, Argentina and Mexico. The results show that ambivalent sexist attitudes existed ‒to a varying degree‒ in future teachers of every country. The assumption of sexism varies significantly between men and women and among countries. There seems to be a relationship between levels of sexism with indices of gender inequality and human development. Sexist attitudes of teachers can be transmitted through the education system and the socialization process, so including gender issues in initial and in-service teacher training plans is essential.

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2

Swim, Janet K., Robyn Mallett, Yvonne Russo-Devosa, and Charles Stangor. "Judgments of Sexism: A Comparison of the Subtlety of Sexism Measures and Sources of Variability in Judgments of Sexism." Psychology of Women Quarterly 29, no. 4 (December 2005): 406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00240.x.

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We compared the subtlety of four measures of sexism and sources of variation in male and female psychology students' judgments that beliefs from these scales and everyday behaviors were sexist. Participants judged traditional gender role and hostile sexist beliefs as more sexist than benevolent and modern sexist beliefs, indicating the latter were more subtle measures of sexism. Participants also judged traditional gender role behaviors as more sexist than unwanted sexual attention, suggesting the latter may less readily be identified as sexist. Variation in judgments of beliefs as sexist was related to differences in likelihood of endorsing such beliefs. This relation fully accounted for the tendency for men to be less likely to judge beliefs as sexist in comparison to women. Endorsement of Modern and Hostile Sexist beliefs was related to judgments of behaviors as sexist. The implications of the results for scale usage and identifying sexist behavior are discussed.

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Cherry, Marcus A., and Melanie M. Wilcox. "Sexist Microaggressions: Traumatic Stressors Mediated by Self-Compassion." Counseling Psychologist 49, no. 1 (September 11, 2020): 106–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000020954534.

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Women regularly endure sexist microaggressions, which are often associated with anger, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and trauma. The cumulative effects of sexist microaggressions may result in internalized sexism and undermine self-compassion. Notably, prolonged exposure to sexism is associated with trauma symptoms; however, the traumatic effects of sexist microaggressions have remained largely theoretical. Thus, we examined the role of sexist microaggressions as a traumatic stressor and evaluated self-compassion and internalized misogyny as mediators of sexism-based traumatic stress. With a sample of 370 adult cisgender women, results suggested that sexist microaggressions significantly and positively predicted trauma symptomology, and that this relationship was partially mediated by self-compassion but not internalized misogyny. Results supported sexism as a traumatic stressor, and low self-compassion as a mechanism through which sexist microaggressions result in traumatic stress. We discuss implications for research and practice.

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Edwards, Margaret, and Brian Schaffner. "Sexism Among American Adults." Contexts 19, no. 4 (November 2020): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536504220977942.

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While there is a scholarly consensus on sexism's critical role in contemporary society, we know little about the basic facts regarding sexist attitudes. How widespread is sexism in America? Which Americans are most sexist? Is sexism limited to men, or do many women also express sexist attitudes? Here, the authors answer these questions and more.

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5

Kastovsky, Dieter, and Christiane Dalton-Puffer. "Sexist German- non-sexist English or non-sexist German–sexist English? Historical observations on a pragmatic question." Language Sciences 24, no. 3-4 (May 2002): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0388-0001(01)00034-1.

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6

Klonoff, Elizabeth A., and Hope Landrine. "The Schedule Of Sexist Events: A Measure of Lifetime and Recent Sexist Discrimination in Women's Lives." Psychology of Women Quarterly 19, no. 4 (December 1995): 439–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1995.tb00086.x.

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This paper describes the development, reliability, and validity of the Schedule of Sexist Events (SSE), a measure of lifetime and recent (past year) sexist discrimination in women's lives. A culturally diverse standardization sample of 631 women completed the 20-item SSE. Factor analyses revealed that the SSE-Lifetime and SSE-Recent have four factors: Sexist Degradation, Sexism in Distant Relationships, Sexism in Close Relationships, and Sexist Discrimination in the Workplace. The SSE-Lifetime and SSE-Recent scales had high internal-consistency (.92, .90) and split-half (.87, .83) reliability, and the factors were similarly reliable. Validity was established by demonstrating that scores on the SSE-Lifetime and SSE-Recent correlate as well with two other measures of stressful events (the Hassles Frequency and the PERI—Life Events scales [PERI-LES]) as those measures correlate with each other. Sexist discrimination (events) can be understood as gender-specific, negative life events (stressors). Descriptive data indicated that sexist discrimination is rampant in women's lives. Additional analyses revealed significant status differences in experiencing sexist discrimination, with women of color reporting more sexism in their lives than White women.

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7

Sánchez-Jiménez, Virginia, and Noelia Muñoz-Fernández. "When Are Sexist Attitudes Risk Factors for Dating Aggression? The Role of Moral Disengagement in Spanish Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 1947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041947.

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This research aimed to explore the interplay of sexism and moral disengagement (MD) in the explanation of psychological and physical dating aggression. The sample comprised 1113 Spanish adolescents (49.2% girls, n = 552) between the ages of 12 to 17 (M = 14.44). A latent profile analysis conducted with sub-sample of 432 adolescents with sentimental experience identified four configurations: (1) benevolent; (2) less disengaged and sexist; (3) highly disengaged and sexist; and (4) moderately disengaged and sexist. Regarding gender and age, boys were more present than girls in the moderately disengaged and sexist group, as well as in the highly disengaged and sexist profile. The highly disengaged and sexist and benevolent groups were the youngest. Regarding dating aggression, the highly disengaged and sexist group had the highest engagement in physical and psychological aggression. However, the others three profiles showed a similar engagement in aggression. These findings confirmed the moderating role of MD on the relationship between sexism and dating aggression and suggested that the association between MD, sexism, and dating aggression was exponential; that is, the risk appeared when adolescents were extremely hostile and disengaged. The results have implications for the design of tailored dating aggression prevention programmes.

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8

Wright, Chrysalis L., Taylor DeFrancesco, Carissa Hamilton, and Natasha Vashist. "“Boy’s Club:” Examining sexist humor on types of sexism and femininity ideology using two research approaches." HUMOR 31, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2017-0108.

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AbstractThe current study examined sexist humor and participants’ level of sexism and femininity ideology using two research approaches: (1) a quasi-experimental design in which participants were primed with sexist humor and (2) a correlational approach using content analysis to estimate exposure to sexist humor in media. It was hypothesized that exposure to sexist humor would influence viewer’s sexist views and femininity ideology. It was also hypothesized that the quasi-experimental design would yield confirmatory results of our initial hypothesis while the correlational design would not. Participants included 1,559 male and female college students who were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions (viewed sexist humor, viewed non-sexist humor, viewed no videos) and then answered questions related to sexism and femininity ideology followed by general demographic items and media viewing preferences. Results confirmed that the quasi-experimental design, in comparison to the correlational design, yielded more confirmatory results in that those exposed to sexist humor had higher scores on all outcome measures examined. Limitations of priming and content analysis are discussed as well as directions for future research.

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9

Swim, Janet K., Robyn Mallett, and Charles Stangor. "Understanding Subtle Sexism: Detection and Use of Sexist Language." Sex Roles 51, no. 3/4 (August 2004): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:sers.0000037757.73192.06.

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10

Siddiqi, Nasrina. "A thematic analysis of sexist Bollywood songs." Multidisciplinary Journal of Gender Studies 9, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/generos.2020.4628.

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Music is a core constituent of human civilization which reflects the socio-cultural configuration of a society at a given point of time. With proven effects of music on mental and physical health, researchers have now started studying it as a therapeutic technique. While listening to songs can cure stress and many other psychological infirmities, inappropriate lyrical content can impact listeners’ attitudes and behaviors negatively. Studies have so far focused on the content structure and implicit elements of lyrics while the probable individual and societal consequences of the same remain less explored and understood. Guided by this objective, the present study is an attempt to explore how sexist lyrics can be instrumental in propagating regressive patriarchal values and sexism. The investigation involves Thematic Analysis of nine Bollywood songs, with explicitly sexist lyrics, chosen through purposive sampling technique. Results reveal that sexist lyrics may be contributory in increasing audience’s tolerance for sexism by creating a power imbalance between the two sexes, normalizing objectification, misogyny and stalking and fostering gender stereotypes. Implications of the study are duly discussed.

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11

Malonda, Elisabeth, Anna Llorca, Ana Tur-Porcar, Paula Samper, and Mª Mestre. "Sexism and Aggression in Adolescence—How Do They Relate to Perceived Academic Achievement?" Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 24, 2018): 3017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093017.

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Sexist attitudes are rooted in patriarchal structures, which uphold traditional gender stereotypes, and which are still found in society today. Scholars have found gender differences in perceived academic achievement, with girls performing better than boys, and negative relationships between sexism and perceived academic achievement. Moreover, perceived academic achievement and sexist attitudes have been associated with aggression and different kinds of violence. This study examined the associations between sexist attitudes and perceived academic achievement (using self-report data). The study also assessed the mediating role of physical and verbal aggression in the relationship between sexist attitudes and perceived academic achievement. Seven hundred eight Spanish adolescents participated in the study. The mean age was 13.00 (SD = 0.95; range = 12–14 years). Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the effects among variables for boys and girls. Results showed the role of benevolent sexism and hostile sexism in perceived academic achievement, as well as the mediating role of aggression in the relationship between sexism and perceived academic achievement. Findings and implications are discussed to assess measures for establishing intervention programs and educating adolescents in a non-sexist manner.

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12

Kourany, Janet A. "Science Sexist?" Social Philosophy Today 2 (1989): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/socphiltoday1989221.

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13

Walsh, Mike. "Sexist titles." Nursing Standard 3, no. 12 (December 17, 1988): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.3.12.41.s82.

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14

PEDERSON, THORU. "Sexist advertising." Nature 325, no. 6099 (January 1987): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/325010c0.

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15

WU, GILLIAN E., SUSAN CARSON, UNA CHEN, ELLEN HSU, POLLY MATZINGER, SUSAN McCLURE, GITTA STOCKINGER, AKIKO TAKEDA, and JUDY P. WAYS. "Sexist advertising." Nature 325, no. 6099 (January 1987): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/325010d0.

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16

Garenne, Michel, and Monique Lafon. "Sexist Diseases." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 41, no. 2 (1998): 176–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.1998.0005.

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17

Littlejohns, Ian. "Sexist AVJ?" Australian Veterinary Journal 78, no. 10 (October 2000): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2000.tb10393.x.

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18

Al Rubaie, Talal. "Sexist language." Psychiatric Bulletin 18, no. 12 (December 1994): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.18.12.775-a.

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19

MacDonald, Joanna. "Sexist language." Psychiatric Bulletin 18, no. 3 (March 1994): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.18.3.175.

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20

Mirza, Yousuf Kamal. "Sexist language." Psychiatric Bulletin 18, no. 9 (September 1994): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.18.9.584-a.

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21

WESTON, KATHLEEN, ALISON COZENS, HILLARY C. M. NELSON, LOUISE FAIRALL, LINDA AMOS, LAUREL MENGLE-GAW, FLEUR-ANGE LEFEBVRE, et al. "Sexist ads." Nature 321, no. 6066 (May 1986): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/321106b0.

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22

BRADBURY, A., and F. VAN STRAATEN. "Sexist ads." Nature 321, no. 6066 (May 1986): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/321106c0.

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23

CLARK, M. "Sexist ads." Nature 321, no. 6069 (May 1986): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/321466c0.

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24

Palupi, Muji Endah. "Analisis Google Terjemahan Yang Menggandung Ungkapan Bahasa Seksisme Terjemahan Bahasa Inggris." Wanastra: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 11, no. 1 (March 5, 2019): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/w.v11i1.4652.

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The phenomenon of sexist language is closely related to the concept of gender that has been structured at the level of language correctionalism. Therefore, this sexist word or phrase is actually made by people who are influenced by views on both types of gender. Often in language sexism more gender-oriented or degrading. One language that is considered to contain a lot of vocabulary and expression of Sexist is English Language. This is because English Language is an International Language. English Language that is rich in vocabulary and many elements of language are absorbed. This research will be explain types of sexist language found in the results of the English Translation. Analysis of the accuracy of translations in English language will be studied in the science of learning foreign languages. That actually English Language is a language that is more inclined to sexism than other languages. This is evident in most translations which are considered inaccurate and ambiguous which contain sexist elements in the results of the translation into other languages. Keywords: Google Translation, Sexism Language, English Translation

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25

Mary Muindi. "Sexism in Language: A Critical Discourse Analysis Perspective." Editon Consortium Journal of Literature and Linguistic Studies 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjlls.v3i1.210.

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Language plays a crucial role in perpetuating sexism and gender inequality. The research draws on the Critical Discourse Analysis, an Interdisciplinary Approach to the study of discourse that views language as a social practice, to explore the existence and nature of sexist language in Kamba Popular Songs. Specifically, this study anchored itself on Grice’s Second Theory of Conversational Implicature (1991). The research had two objectives: to investigate sexist implicatures in Kamba Popular Songs and describe sexist inferences in the lyrics. The study used the descriptive research design and purposively sampled eight songs from the ten most popular Kamba bands with the youths. Besides, the research used content analysis to identify the possible sexist expressions classified into implicatures and inferences. Further, the researcher categorized the two linguistic items into negative and positive sexism, and the number of each type was counted up and described. The study concludes that popular Kamba songs project a sexist perception of women. This research recommends eliminating sexist language in both written and spoken discourse because it contains a lexicon and grammatical structure that trivializes and perpetrates biases against women.

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26

Pauwels, Anne. "Language planning, language reform and the sexes in Australia." Language and Gender in the Australian Context 10 (January 1, 1993): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aralss.10.02pau.

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Abstract This paper deals with the phenomena of linguistic sexism and non-sexist language reform (feminist language planning) in the Australian context. It surveys Australian work on linguistic sexism and discusses various aspects of non-sexist language reform in Australia. Particular emphasis is placed on problematic issues relating to feminist language planning, i.e. the selection and evaluation of non-sexist alternatives and the implementation mechanisms for this type of reform. Linguistic change resulting from the reform initiatives and its spread throughout the community is also described briefly.

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27

Rosenthal, Lisa, Sheri R. Levy, and Maria Militano. "Polyculturalism and Sexist Attitudes." Psychology of Women Quarterly 38, no. 4 (June 9, 2014): 519–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684313510152.

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In cultural contexts in which sexist beliefs are considered traditional, shifts toward gender equality represent an example of cultural change. Polyculturalism is defined as the belief that cultures change constantly through different racial and ethnic groups’ interactions, influences, and exchanges with each other and, therefore, are dynamic and socially constructed rather than static. Thus, polyculturalism may involve openness to cultural change and, thereby, would be expected to be associated with lower sexist attitudes. Four studies (both cross-sectional and longitudinal) with undergraduate and community samples in the Northeastern United States tested whether endorsement of polyculturalism is inversely associated with sexism, above and beyond potentially confounding belief systems. Across studies, for both women and men, endorsement of polyculturalism was associated with lower sexist attitudes for two classes of sexism measures: (a) attitudes toward the rights and roles of women and (b) ambivalent sexist attitudes toward women. Associations remained significant while controlling for potentially confounding variables (colorblindness, conservatism, egalitarianism, gender and ethnic identity, gender and race essentialism, multiculturalism, right-wing authoritarianism, and social dominance orientation). Greater openness to criticizing one’s culture mediated polyculturalism’s association with attitudes toward the rights and roles of women but not with ambivalent sexist attitudes toward women. Studying polyculturalism may provide unique insights into sexism, and more work is needed to understand the mechanisms involved.

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Becker, Julia C., and Janet K. Swim. "Reducing Endorsement of Benevolent and Modern Sexist Beliefs." Social Psychology 43, no. 3 (April 1, 2012): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000091.

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In two experiments, the present research identifies basic mechanisms for reducing endorsement of benevolent and modern sexist beliefs. Responses to attitudinal measures and a collective action measure on policy beliefs in Study 1 (N = 164) as well as to dating profiles in Study 1 and Study 2 (N = 159) support the hypothesis that endorsement of benevolent sexist beliefs can be reduced by providing information about its harmful consequences. Moreover, women and men become more aware of the full scope of gender discrimination and reduce their endorsement of modern sexist beliefs when they are provided with information about the harmful nature and pervasiveness of benevolent sexism. Theoretical implications regarding the linkage between benevolent and modern sexist beliefs and practical implications for reducing sexism are discussed.

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Plemenitaš, Katja. "Gender Ideologies in English and Slovene: A Contrastive View." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 11, no. 1 (May 8, 2014): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.11.1.17-29.

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The article deals with the concept of linguistic sexism in the cross-cultural context. It compares the generally accepted guidelines for avoiding linguistic sexism in English and Slovene, exemplified by two guides on non-sexist use of English. It is argued that in English non-sexist language strives for gender neutrality, whereas in Slovene it strives for gender specificity. The reasons for the differences between the perceptions of sexism in English and Slovene are examined by taking into account the linguistic expression of gender and the cultural and historical context in which both languages have developed. The use of semantic gender in English, as opposed to the use of grammatical gender in Slovene, is treated as one of the factors influencing the approach to the non-sexist use of language in both languages. Strategies for non-sexist expression and their rebuttals are discussed in the context of predominant cultural ideologies about gender and presuppositions regarding the link between social change and linguistic reform.

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30

Stermer, S. Paul, and Melissa Burkley. "SeX-Box: Exposure to sexist video games predicts benevolent sexism." Psychology of Popular Media Culture 4, no. 1 (January 2015): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028397.

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31

Ford, Thomas E. "Effects of Sexist Humor on Tolerance of Sexist Events." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26, no. 9 (November 2000): 1094–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01461672002611006.

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32

Sarrasin, Oriane, Ute Gabriel, and Pascal Gygax. "Sexism and Attitudes Toward Gender-Neutral Language." Swiss Journal of Psychology 71, no. 3 (January 2012): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000078.

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We examined the relationships between three forms of sexism (modern, benevolent, and hostile) and two components of attitudes toward gender-neutral language (attitudes toward gender-related language reforms and recognition of sexist language) across different contexts. A questionnaire study (N = 446) was conducted among students in the United Kingdom and in two (French- and German-speaking) regions of Switzerland. While we expected to find that all forms of sexism are generally related to negative attitudes toward gender-neutral language, we expected attitudes to be more positive and less related to sexist beliefs in a context in which gender-neutral language is firmly established (the UK) compared to contexts in which the use of gender-neutral language was introduced only recently (the German-speaking part of Switzerland) or is still seldom (the French-speaking part of Switzerland). We found that, across all contexts, modern and hostile sexist beliefs were indeed related to negative attitudes toward gender-related language reforms, while, intriguingly, benevolent sexist beliefs were related to positive attitudes in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Recognition of sexist language was significantly related to modern sexism only. Finally, British students were found to express more positive attitudes toward gender-neutral language (both components) than Swiss students.

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Herrero, Juan, Francisco J. Rodríguez, and Andrea Torres. "Acceptability of Partner Violence in 51 Societies." Violence Against Women 23, no. 3 (July 9, 2016): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216642870.

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Sexist attitudes have been claimed to play an important role in acceptability of intimate partner violence (IPV). Empirical evidence suggests that sexist individuals are also more accepting of violence in social relationships than non-sexist individuals. Results from multilevel regression models of data from 72,730 respondents of 51 countries around the world showed that (a) both sexism and acceptability of general violence in social relationships were positively related to acceptability of IPV and (b) the highest levels of acceptability of IPV were found among those sexist individuals who also present positive attitudes toward the use of violence in social relationships.

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34

Mahmud, ’Yemi, and Destiny Idegbekwe. "A Multimodal Discursive Analysis of the Communicative Elements of Sexism in Facebook Picture Uploads." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 2, no. 2 (June 8, 2020): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v2i2.262.

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A good number of studies in the past have examined the language of sexism from the feminist perspectives, gender segregation and degradation, among others, using semiotics resources, discourse analysis, multimodal discourse, among other theories. This study looks at the linguistic and non-linguistic language features of sexist language as choices available to language users on the Facebook social media platform. Using the multimodal theory as the framework, the study examines 10 randomly selected Facebook posts with texted pictures and comments posted by Nigerians with elements of sexism. The study also engaged the descriptive research design to examine the ‘textedpictures’ used as sampled data. These sampled data were given in-depth analysis to reveal their usually hidden and laughed-about sexist messages. The analysis of data was considered by determining the existence of sexist communication on Facebook platform, examining the meaning making elements in sexist languages posts. This is precipitated on the discovery that less attention is paid on the signification of the communicative elements deployed to convey sexism on the Facebook platform. From the analysis, the study finds out that Facebook users engage linguistic and non-linguistic elements symbolising sexist language on Facebook postings; that the posts on Facebook rely predominantly on both written texts and pictures, combined to make the tagging or stereotyping concrete; that the sexist posts on Facebook platforms rely heavily on hasty or intentional generalisation in order to demean the sex they chose to target through texts, pictures and the combination of texts and pictures.

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Amorim, Valquiria Gila de, Maria Eulina Pessoa de Carvalho, and Jeane Félix. "“NÃO COSTUMO PERDER MEU TEMPO COM ESSE TEMA”: reflexões sobre o sexismo cotidiano na fala de um docente." Cadernos de Pesquisa 24, no. 2 (September 3, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2229.v24n2p42-55.

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Resumo: Este artigo parte de um enunciado de um docente da disciplina de Física, colhido em pesquisa de campo, que denota a naturalização das relações de gênero, para problematizar as práticas sexistas correntes nas relações sociais e escolares. Esse enunciado possibilita refletir sobre alguns dos aspectos dessa naturalização, tais como: sexismo e uso da linguagem sexista, violência de gênero e exclusão das mulheres em carreiras masculinizadas, cuja crítica é importante para promover uma educação para a equidade de gênero. Argumenta-se que quando um/a professor/a desconsidera questões de gênero presentes na escola, perde-se a oportunidade de combater a reprodução da desigualdade de gênero e as violências sofridas por mulheres e homens cotidianamente. Nesse contexto, destacam-se os preconceitos e estereótipos que afastam as alunas das ciências exatas e naturais, que persistem como um dos campos mais masculinizados e excludentes para as mulheres.Palavras-chave: Sexismo. Relações de Gênero. Violência de Gênero. Gendramento das Carreiras.“I DON´T USE TO WAST MY TIME WITH THIS ISSUE”: reflections on daily sexism based on a male teacher’s statementAbstract: The starting point of this paper is a statement by a male Physics teacher, collected in empirical research, which conveys the naturalization of gender relations, in order to problematize current sexist practices in social and school relations. Such a statement allows reflection on some aspects of that naturalization, such as: sexism and use of sexist language, gender violence, and the exclusion of women from masculine careers, whose critique is important to promote education for gender equity. The paper argues that when a teacher neglects gender issues that are present in school life, an important opportunity is missed to address the reproduction of gender inequality and the daily violence suffered by women and men. In this context, it stresses the prejudices and stereotypes that keep female students away from the natural and exact sciences, a field that remains as one the most masculine and exclusionary for women.Keywords: Sexism. Gender relations. Gender violence. Gendering of careers."NO SUELO PERDER MI TIEMPO CON ESE TEMA": reflexiones sobre el sexismo cotidiano en el habla de un maestro Resumen: Este articulo parte de un enunciado de un docente de la asignatura de Física, recogido en una investigación de campo, que denota la naturalización de las relaciones de género, para problematizar las prácticas sexistas corrientes en las relaciones sociales y escolares. Esa afirmación posibilita reflexionar sobre algunos de los aspectos de esa naturalización, tales como: el sexismo y el uso del lenguaje sexista, la violencia de género y la exclusión de las mujeres en careras masculinizadas, cuya crítica es importante para promocionar una educación para la equidad de género. Se argumenta que cuando uno/a profesor/a desconsidera cuestiones de género presentes en la escuela, se pierde la oportunidad de combatir la reproducción de la desigualdad de género y las violencias sufridas por mujeres y hombres cotidianamente. En ese contexto, se sobresalen los prejuicios y estereotipos que alejan las alumnas de las ciencias exactas y naturales, que persisten como uno de los campos más masculinizados y excluyentes para las mujeres.Palabras claves: Sexismo. Relaciones de Género. Violencia de Género. Generización de las Carreras.

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Michniewicz, Kenneth S., and Joseph A. Vandello. "People Judge Male Sexism More Leniently When Women Emasculate Men." Social Psychology 46, no. 4 (August 2015): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000227.

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Abstract. While overt sexism has become less acceptable in recent years, sexism frequently goes unchallenged by observers for a variety of reasons. In the present investigation, we propose that people may excuse men’s sexist remarks when the remarks follow a manhood threat caused by a woman. In Study 1, we found that a man’s sexist remark buffered against the emasculating effect of a threat to his masculinity from an ex-girlfriend. In Study 2, we further show that observers excuse a man’s sexist remark following a competitive loss to a woman to the extent that they perceive him as less manly as a result. We replicate this finding in Study 3 while ruling out two competing explanations. We discuss the implication that sexism prevention efforts need to identify and address gender-related contexts where sexism is excused in order for efforts to move toward its prevention.

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Jordan, Michael P., and Jennifer J. Connor. "Avoiding Sexist Pronouns." Canadian Journal for Studies in Discourse and Writing/Rédactologie 6, no. 3 (October 1, 1987): 16–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31468/cjsdwr.251.

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Severino, SallyK, and SaverioG Mortati. "A SEXIST DIAGNOSIS?" Lancet 328, no. 8520 (December 1986): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(86)92020-9.

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Kramarae, Cheris, Francine Frank, Frank Anshen, Judith H. Hall, Judith A. Hall, and Deborah Cameron. "Beyond Sexist Language." Women's Review of Books 2, no. 12 (September 1985): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4019731.

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Abraham, Suzanne, and Derek Llewellyn-Jones. "A SEXIST DIAGNOSIS." Lancet 329, no. 8537 (April 1987): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(87)91631-x.

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Gould, Susan. "Against sexist language." Nursing Standard 3, no. 24 (March 11, 1989): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.3.24.46.s57.

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Glazebrook, P. R. "Sexist Sex Law." Cambridge Law Journal 44, no. 1 (March 1985): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300114424.

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Jacoby, Robert A. "A sexist celebration." BMJ 332, no. 7547 (April 20, 2006): 976.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7547.976-a.

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Gonalons-Pons, Pilar, and Shelly Ronen. "Sexist Cheap Shots." Contexts 18, no. 1 (February 2019): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536504219830680.

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Sczesny, Sabine, Franziska Moser, and Wendy Wood. "Beyond Sexist Beliefs." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 41, no. 7 (May 26, 2015): 943–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167215585727.

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Hamilton, Melissa. "The sexist algorithm." Behavioral Sciences & the Law 37, no. 2 (March 2019): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2406.

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Lawless, Tiffany J., Conor J. O’Dea, Stuart S. Miller, and Donald A. Saucier. "Is it really just a joke? Gender differences in perceptions of sexist humor." HUMOR 33, no. 2 (May 27, 2020): 291–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2019-0033.

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AbstractBenign violation theory suggests humor mocking normative values is funny if the humor is non-threatening. Research suggests sexism toward women (versus men) is particularly threatening due to inequalities in social power. In Study 1, we examined whether men and women differ in how amused and offended they were by sexist humor. We predicted men would perceive sexist humor as more funny and less offensive than women would. In Study 2, we examined whether perceptions of threat were related to perceptions of sexist jokes. We predicted women would perceive more threat than men from sexist humor, which would lead to lower amusement and greater perceived offensiveness. Across both studies, jokes targeting women were perceived to be less funny, more offensive, and more sexist than jokes targeting men. Additionally, greater perceptions of threat were related to greater perceptions of jokes as offensive and sexist. However, women were not more threatened than men by sexist jokes. While these findings were not entirely consistent with our hypotheses, our findings suggest disparagement humor targeting lower-status groups is perceived more negatively than disparagement humor targeting higher-status groups and these perceptions may be inextricably rooted in threat posed to lower-status groups.

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Kim, Don-Jin, Jung-Won Lee, and Hai-Sook Kim. "Attitudes toward Hostile-Sexist, Benevolent-Sexist, and Gender-Egalitarian Men." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 74 (September 20, 2010): 2AM001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.74.0_2am001.

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Breuer, Johannes, Rachel Kowert, Ruth Festl, and Thorsten Quandt. "Sexist Games=Sexist Gamers? A Longitudinal Study on the Relationship Between Video Game Use and Sexist Attitudes." Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 18, no. 4 (April 2015): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0492.

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Romero-Sánchez, Mónica, Hugo Carretero-Dios, Jesús L. Megías, Miguel Moya, and Thomas E. Ford. "Sexist Humor and Rape Proclivity: The Moderating Role of Joke Teller Gender and Severity of Sexual Assault." Violence Against Women 23, no. 8 (July 6, 2016): 951–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216654017.

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Three experiments examined the effect of sexist humor on men’s self-reported rape proclivity (RP). Pilot study demonstrated that people differentiate the five rape scenarios of Bohner et al.’s. RP Scale based on the degree of physical violence perpetrated against the victim. Experiment 1 demonstrated that men higher in hostile sexism report greater RP upon exposure to sexist jokes when a woman (vs. a man) delivers them, and that this effect is limited to rape scenarios depicting a moderate versus a high level of physical violence. Experiment 2 further demonstrated that the relationship between hostile sexism and rape proclivity in response to a moderately violent rape scenario after exposure to sexist humor generalizes beyond women in the immediate humor context to women as a whole.

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