Dissertations / Theses: 'Sexual and Gender-Based Violence'

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Underwood, Jennifer W. "Impacts of Gender-Based Violence and Harassment on Graduate Student Academic Functioning." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5761.

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Researchers and practitioners have increasingly focused on institutional responses to campus gender-based violence/harassment, yet they have paid far less attention to graduate student experiences than to undergraduate student experiences. Graduate students operate in a different context from undergraduates, and therefore specific knowledge of gender-based violence/harassment in the lives of graduate students is needed. The purpose of this exploratory, nonexperimental study was to better understand the prevalence of adult gender-based violence/harassment and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among graduate students, as well as to understand the relationship between those experiences and participants’ mental health and academic functioning. The study’s theoretical framework combined critical adult learning theories with cognitive perspectives on adult learning, including the neurobiology of trauma. Data used in the current study were originally collected as part of an institutional campus climate survey on gender-based violence; responses from n = 684 of the randomly selected participants were used in the current study’s analyses. Participants commonly reported both adult gender-based violence/harassment experiences and ACEs. The results of two OLS regressions indicated that experiencing more types of adult gender-based violence/harassment or more types of ACEs was associated with higher levels of negative affect and lower levels of mindfulness. Among participants who experienced gender-based violence/harassment in graduate school, independent samples t-tests showed that individuals who reported at least occasional academic functioning difficulties had lower levels of mindfulness and higher levels of negative affect than those who did not experience difficulties. Overall, the findings suggest the need for trauma-informed policies and practices within graduate education and higher education in general.

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Nemeth, Julianna Maria. "Intimate Partner and/or Sexual Gender-based Violence and Smoking in Ohio Appalachia." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429731984.

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Hudepohl, Adam David. "Determinants of Group Perpetrated Violence Based on Sexual Orientation." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/56.

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The purpose of this study was to examine group perpetrated antigay violence. Specifically, the effects of MGRS, peer dynamics, and increases in negative affect on antigay aggression were examined. The differential utility of aggression toward gay and heterosexual targets in relieving a state of negative affect (e.g., anger, fear) was also evaluated. Participants completed questionnaires that included a measure of MGRS, and then were assigned to one of three group conditions(individual, stranger, and friend). Participants then viewed a video depicting male-male intimacy and competed in the TAP against either a fictitious gay or heterosexual opponent. Results showed a main effect for condition, such that higher levels of aggression were observed in the group, relative to the individual, conditions. Analyses also revealed a significant positive relation between MGRS and aggression among participants competing with a stranger against a heterosexual opponent. Neither condition nor opponent differentially predicted changes in negative affect.

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Nordby, Linda. "Gender-based violence in the refugee camps in Cox Bazar : -A case study of Rohingya women’s and girls’ exposure to gender-based violence." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353891.

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The Rohingya, an ethnic minority group that traditionally have lived in Rakhine State, Myanmar, are facing severe structural discrimination from the Myanmar state. Rohingya women and girls have experienced horrific acts of gender-based violence from the Myanmar army in Rakhine State before they fled to Bangladesh and the refugee camps in Cox Bazar area. In these refugee camps gender-based violence continues to be widespread, much like other refugee camps in other parts of the world. Rohingya women and girls are vulnerable because of their gender, refugee status and ethnic affiliation. In addition they become even more vulnerable because family and community structures have broken down. These intersecting vulnerabilities make them exposed to gender-based violence from a number of different perpetrators. In addition these intersecting vulnerabilities lead to a lack of access to sexual and reproductive health services. Overall the humanitarian organisations operating in Cox Bazar did not manage to deliver these sexual and reproductive health services to the amount of Rohingya women and girls that needed them. Although gender-based violence was identified to be widespread in the refugee camps preventive measures were few. The unequal power relationships are identified as an underpinning reason for gender-based violence. In addition, the underlying causes of gender-based violence are connected with beliefs, norms, attitudes and structures that promote and/or tolerate gender-based discrimination and unequal power relationships.

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Burn, Jessica Ashley. "Advancing the girl child movement: a potential mechanism to curtail sexual gender-based violence against women in South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31340.

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Violence against women is not a social ill which has recently emerged, nor is it an unexplored topic in the realm of feminist academics, activists and lawyers. Yet despite streams of published articles unpacking the issue and numerous campaigns aimed at raising awareness about and combatting the prevalence of violence against women, it continues to be deeply entrenched in all factions of society. Furthermore, the idealistic society envisioned by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 has not translated into reality and the rights enshrined in the supreme law have not dissipated incidents of violence against women. With the aforesaid in mind, this paper intends to contribute to the array of solutions already developed, in order to assist in countering the most extreme manifestation of patriarchy, sexual gender-based violence against women.1 As the time-honoured saying goes, ‘prevention is better than cure’ and in the same vein, a total reliance on the legislation and the legal processes in place to deal with the aftermath of rape, sexual assault and harassment, arguably have not and will not adequately address the root causes of these crimes. Hence, this paper contemplates a mechanism to strike at the core from which sexual gender-based violence stems, that core being the psychological entrenchment of male superiority and female inferiority - in other words, gender inequality. Overlooked prejudices against girls and women need to be brought into consciousness, to address them and break them down. If gender equality is sought, then we should be encouraging children to evaluate the status quo from a younger age and prioritise their role in re-imagining a society which values and promotes equality and dignity. Accordingly, it is submitted that a potential solution may lie in children’s human rights education (HRE), specifically aimed at promoting gender equality and deconstructing patriarchal beliefs and ideas about masculinity. HRE is not a novel concept and is promoted in international treaties such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (Child Convention), and has, in fact, already been implemented in schools in South Africa in order for the post-apartheid generation of children to strive towards racial integration and societal transformation. Unfortunately, it appears that the goal of gender equality has fallen somewhat to the wayside in the formulation of these HRE programmes. It is submitted that the UDHR and the Child Convention read together with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, as well at the African (Banjul) Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, support the advancement of gender equality through HRE programmes. In order to explore the possibility of developing HRE programmes in schools throughout South Africa with an underlying goal of advancing gender equality, empirical research was conducted in collaboration with the non-governmental organisation, Children’s Resource Centre, based in Cape Town, which has developed a programme called the Girl Child Movement (GCM). The GCM aims to use the creative energies of girls to help build and sustain a qualitatively better world for girls and women. The goal of advancing the GCM is acutely targeted towards preventing the pain, suffering, humiliation and dehumanisation of girls and women who are subjected to incidents of sexual gender-based violence, the war on female bodies.

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Newton, Kerwin Mel. "Sexual and gender-based violence in international refugee law- examining whether women are effectively protected." University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7936.

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Magister Legum - LLM
Refugee women experience the full spectrum of Sexual and Gender-based Violence (SGBV) throughout the refugee experience. SGBV is a global crisis that refugee women are subjected to daily. Refugee women face SGBV in their countries of origin, during the journey, in transit, and upon arrival within their country of asylum. The SGBV that refugee women experience is often not considered a priority and the physical consequences of SGBV such as sexually transmitted diseases, infertility, unwanted pregnancy, injury and vulnerability to disease is often overlooked or ignored. Although there are international laws and domestic laws which are drafted to prevent and protect refugee women against SGBV, refugee women are in reality not effectively protected and refugee women have remained extremely vulnerable to SGBV.

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Sandrine, Ndayambaje. "Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights : - A catalysis to combat Gender-based violence in South Africa?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412211.

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The multiple components of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR), promotes women’s wellbeing and rights to a life free from discrimination and violence. Gender-based violence (GBV) is a matter closely related to SRHR and affects women globally on daily basis. South Africa is estimated to score one of the highest rates of GBV in the world. This thesis aims to gain an understanding of how civil society organisations (CSOs) working with SRHR-related issues, approach South African state institutions with regard to strengthen strategies against GBV. A qualitative content analysis is adopted to analyse the CSO’s documents that frame their advocacy work against GBV and how they approach state institutions in South Africa. The results from the analysed documents are thereby examined through theoretical approaches, mainly targeting CSOs ability to translate universal human rights into local contexts, and contributions to social justice. The analysed documents reveal that the selected CSOs mobilise their advocacy against GBV through different media platforms. Moreover, the CSO’s advocacy is presented through evidence-based research, policy briefs, articles and campaigns. Through their approaches to state institutions, the CSOs demand the state to recognise that inequality and patriarchal structures cause GBV and negatively affect women’s wellbeing. Furthermore, the selected CSOs demand fair distribution of resources that ensures women’s safety in the public sphere. In addition, the CSOs demand implementation of educational programmes with gender perspectives in all aspects of society. Finally, the CSOs demand South African state institutions to include all sectors of society in decision-making processes of strategies against GBV. Thus, state institutions can unsure proper implementation of preventative methods against GBV.

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Wilder, Shannon Marie Johnson. "Resilience from Violence in the Transgender Community." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1530112472869158.

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Silva, Jessica. "Refugee Women's Experiences With Sexual Violence and Their Post-Migration Needs in Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33163.

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Sexual violence is a prominent issue worldwide, especially during times of war and conflict. For refugee women, experiences with sexual violence are often incorporated in women’s reasons for forced migration. During the immigration process to Canada, refugee women are asked to share their narratives, at which point they may or may not disclose their histories of sexual violence. In June 2012, the Canadian government made substantial cuts to the Interim Federal Health Program. For refugee women who are survivors of sexual violence, this means that they are further limited in accessing services they might require in order to deal with the sexual violence they have experienced. Drawing from interviews we conducted with key informants (n=15) and refugee women (n=12) in both Toronto and Ottawa, this thesis explores both the lived experiences of refugee women and the changes, if any, that should be made to current service delivery. Our results show that there is a pronounced need for both small- and large-scale improvements at the systems and service delivery levels.

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Olusegun, Adefolalu Adegoke. "Delayed disclosure of sexual violence incidents among victims in Newcastle, Kwazulu-Natal." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5849_1298535106.

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The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with reporting incidents of sexual violence after seventy-two hours at the sexual assault service centre in Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal. This descriptive study was based on retrospective analysis of 534 medical records of victims of sexual violence at the Newcastle hospital between 2005 and 2009. A data collection sheet was designed to extract information from three sources namely: the victimsâ hospital files, J88 forms and specific hospital forms that were completed for sexual assault victims. The collected data were entered into and processed for analysis using EPI INFO statistical package. Frequencies, means and standard deviations were calculated for the data set. Test of significance was also done using the Chi-square test and presented using odds ratios with 95% CI and p-value of <
0.05. The victimsâ age range was 2-81years (mean= 18.84, &sigma
=13.25). Approximately 87% were female and 59.4% of the victims were aged 0-17 years. One in five victims (19.7%) was HIV positive, and most (74.4%) reported rape with vaginal penetration. Fifty-nine percent reported within 72 hours of being assaulted. The most common reason for delayed reporting (21.5%) was fear of the perpetrator. Most of the sexual assaults were committed by male (96%) and single perpetrator (90%). Nearly a third (32.4%) of the sexual violence occurred within intimate relationships and more than two-thirds (68%) knew the perpetrators. In all, 35% sustained injuries during the assault and a third (34.5%) reported the use of weapons during the assault. Nearly half of the victims (48.7%) were referred to hospital by their relatives who also accompanied them to the facility (42.1%). Of the 198 victims that were offered post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), 87% collected the full 28-day course.

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Hill, Deborah L. "Gender, Athlete Status, and Bystander Intervention in Situations of Sexual Violence." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1585859.

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The prevalence of sexual violence on college campuses has reached an alarming level. With some reports indicating that almost 20% of women experience attempted or completed rape after entering college, the call for intervention is at an all-time high (Krebs et al., 2009). One of the more recent and successful interventions has come in the form of bystander intervention, which calls upon the people around when the potential for a sexually violent situation develops and encourages them to step up and intervene (Banyard, Plante, Moynihan, 2005). This study looked into how college student athletes were different than their non-athlete peers on measures of willingness to intervene and actual intervention behaviors in situations of sexual violence. Intervention behavior was measured in terms of total opportunities to intervene, total intervention actions, total inactions, the proportion of actions per opportunity, and the proportion of inactions per opportunity. For any effect of athlete status on bystander intention or behavior, these potential mediators were investigated: drinking behavior, rape supportive attitudes, exposure to sexual violence education, and social connectedness. A two-way analysis of variance indicated gender and athlete status main effects and interactions. Several regression models explored the relationships of the potential mediating variables with these effects. Athletes were less willing to intervene but reported more frequent intervention behavior than non-athletes. Drinking behavior mediated the relationship between athlete status and willingness to intervene. These results indicate the field of bystander intervention should tailor intervention techniques to fit the student athlete population, and further to include in this intervention a discussion of how drinking behavior inhibits willingness to intervene in situations of sexual violence.

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Nyberg, Björn. "Sociological Perspectives on Gender and Sexual Violence in The Handmaid's Tale." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-151322.

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This essay aims to highlight and explain the gender inequality, the sexual assault and the rape in Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale from a feminist perspective, using the theory of the individualist, interactionist and institutional approach to gender found in Wharton’s The Sociology of Gender. Research questions: How does gender inequality shape the characters in the novel? What does it mean for them? How can the gender inequalities seen in Gilead society, as well as the sexual violence in the novel, be explained using sociological perspectives on gender? Gender inequality, which is what leads to the sexual violence, is produced on every level of society, and especially at the institutional level of society, that is, the culture of the society.

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Nordquist, Angelica. "Sexual Violence in South Africa : Religious leaders as local norm entrepreneurs." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105249.

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Sexual violence against women is a broad and serious problem all over the world, but South Africa is one of the countries that stand out with their high statistics, where women are mostly targeted and exposed to this violation. At the same time, there are many women’s and human right’s organisations in South Africa working to address sexual violence and support survivors and fighting for equality between men and women. In this study, five organisations have been interviewed, whereof four of them are working with religious leaders as an approach to fights sexual violence. The result and analysis suggest the importance of both women’s and human rights organisations as norm entrepreneurs, as well as the importance of religious leaders as local actors to facilitate the work of internalizing gender equality and fight sexual violence. The mentoring and support from organisations and the work with religious leaders have shown positive progress in several areas of their work to localize and internalize gender equality. However, the organisations are facing limitations in their work with religious leaders which might limit the progress of localization and internalization.

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Alexandersson, Hanna. "Indian male voices on gender equality and sexual violence : a qualitative study." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-2437.

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This qualitative study aims to explore the status of gender equality and to provide background to the extensive sexual violence in India from the male perspective through the eyes of seven Gujarati men. The brutal rape of a young student, by whole world known as Nirbayha in December 2012 in the Indian capital, was the tragic event that started a mass reaction in India against the extensive sexual violence and has put the whole worlds light on the unequal conditions of men and women in the country. Being sexually abused as a woman is one extreme expression for female subordination in relation to men, accordingly “men´s violence to women” is a most current topic under social work research today. Social constructions and social structures need to be considered when studying sexual violence as well as gender issues. This thesis is based on a four weeks minor field study in Mandvi in Gujarat, India, where I conducted the interviews. The result is based on answers towards my main research question How do the interviewed men in Mandvi perceive gender equality, and what do they think of sexual violence? The answers clearly show the gendered thinking of the interviewed men. In the analysis I have tried to interpret and understand the data mainly based on the secondary research questions Are there any perceived connections between sexual violence and gender equality, and if so, how do these look? How do the interviewed men´s perceptions look in relation to earlier research and theoretical frames? What can be done, in a place such as Mandvi on different societal layers (individual, family, society) to prevent sexual violence? In the analysis I show the data through the mirror of theoretical frameworks and the earlier research, such as social work theory, critical theory, gender theory and contemporary Indian masculinity research.
Denna kvalitativa studie avser att undersöka jämställdhet som bakgrund till det omfattande sexuella våldet i Indien, genom ett manligt perspektiv, utifrån intervjuer med sju män från Mandvi i Gujarat. Den brutala våldtäkten på en student i december 2012 i den Indiska huvudstaden, startade en massreaktion i landet, och satte hela världens ljus på de ojämställda villkoren kvinnor och män lever under. Detta våld är ett tecken på strukturell kvinnlig underordning, vilket liksom mäns våld mot kvinnor är ett mycket aktuellt forskningsämne. Resultatet baseras på de svar jag fick runt den primära forskningsfrågan, hur männen upplever jämställdhet och vad de tänker om sexuellt våld. I analysen undersöker jag samband däremellan, och diskuterar vad som kan göras på olika samhällsnivåer samt speglar datan genom teorier och tidigare forskning inom socialt arbete, kritisk teori, genusteori samt samtida indisk maskulinitetsforskning.

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Nyman, Mikaela. "‘It is just culture’ : Eight young people’s perception of the gender roles in Zambia." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97614.

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This study explores eight young people’s perception of the gender roles in Zambia, Lusaka. In this study I have asked the informants to define the genders and the result were that the genders are defined based on the biological sexes. The genders therefore become homogenous based on the male and female sex. The regulations of the genders were traditionally also based on assumed ‘biologically natural characteristics’. As I argue in this study that gender roles are social constructed I also present the socialization processes in the Zambian culture regarding initiation ceremonies and premarital ceremonies, which visualizes the regulations of the gender roles and the importance of marriages as it implies social status and identity. The young informants’ perception of the gender roles was based on a complex intermixture between the cultural norms, the Western influences and their own life experiences. This means that Zambian society is changing in response to external as well as internal influences and that globalization both facilitates change and may create problems, as different values and norms collide. The informants recognized a need of change in the perception of the gender roles due to the issues that the gender hierarchy contributes to. This study also discusses the fact that cultural norms causes lack of knowledge about sexual issues, which have devastating consequences. The informants argued that the cultural perception of a man as superior and the woman as inferior caused gender based violence, domestic violence and the HIV-epidemic to continue. Based on the informants awareness that many of the social challenges exist because of the patriarchal norms in society I argue that this awareness indicates that a change is in progress.

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Lindsey, Rose. "Nationalism and gender : a study of war-related violence against women." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326731.

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Proulx, Geneviève. "Male Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in Schools: Barriers to Community Action and Strategies for Change. The Case of Awaso, Ghana." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20569.

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Efforts to increase girls‘ access to quality education focus mostly on removing obstacles linked to poverty and discrimination, and often fail to acknowledge the violence many of them suffer in, around, and on the way to and from school. The objective of the present research is to examine the barriers to combating male sexual and gender-based violence in schools at the community level, and to consider community and expert-issued suggestions on removing these obstacles in the Ghanaian context. It does so through the lens of the Gender and Development approach and uses the Ecological Model of Gender-based Violence. Inspired by the standpoint feminist approach to research, data collection in Awaso and Accra involved classroom observation in four (4) Junior high school classes, 19 qualitative interviews with government and civil society personnel, and four (4) focus group discussions with parents, students and teachers. The findings show that barriers to eliminating male sexual and gender-based violence in Awaso include lack of knowledge of girls‘ rights to protection from violence, of consequences of violence against women and girls and of reporting mechanisms. Other barriers identified were lack of resources at the family and government levels, traditional values of family, community and religion, and social perceptions of both gender hierarchies and violence against women and girls. Gendered power dynamics underlie these barriers and hinder progress on the issue of girls‘ protection from violence, but groups of Ghanaian women, girls, men and boys are challenging these dynamics and finding ways to make schools safer for girls. Their strategies for change are also featured in the present research.

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Burke, Megan. "Gender and Time." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19262.

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This dissertation examines how gender and temporality are co-constitutive of one another and what temporalities underlie the actuality of gendered life. I weave together the insights of feminist phenomenology and feminist poststructuralism in order to argue that temporality produces and constrains the actuality of lived gender as racialized, heterosexist, and cissexist. More specifically, I argue that this is done through sexual violence. Ultimately, I suggest that the temporality of sexual violence is encrusted into the dominant configurations of gender and into the bodily life of gendered subjects solidifying what gendered subjectivity can become.
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Holmström, Elin. "Dimensions of power and gender based violence in post-disaster societies : A case study on Haiti after the 2010 earthquake." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76343.

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Haiti experienced the greatest urban disaster of international history in 2010 when the county was hit by an earthquake which triggered one of the largest responses of humanitarian assistance and disaster relief efforts ever identified. The Haitian population was harshly affected by the earthquake, killing approximately 200 000 people, injuring 300 000 and displacing over 2,3 million. Reports from the post-disaster period also revealed that gender inequalities were growing deeper and that cases of sexual based violence against women and girls increased massively. The history of Haiti shows similar patterns of discrimination and gender based violence against women and children. Research upon gender based violence in the aftermath of disaster presents that disastrous events such as an earthquake, often is followed by an increase in gender based – and sexual gender based violence. Disasters could also provide a window of opportunity for change of traditional roles and social norms in societies where they are deeply rooted. In order to seize this opportunity disaster management needs to acknowledge and adapt to gendered needs and capacities in all stages of disaster relief efforts in order to provide these opportunities for the subordinated gender. This research is studying the responsive policies of the Haitian government in the aftermath of the earthquake 2010, presented in the Action Plan for National Recovery and Development of Haiti. The aim is to investigate if any exercises of power could be observed to have affected the increase of gender based violence and sexual gender based violence for women and children in the post-earthquake responsive period. The study will be carried out as a text-analysing, desk study and by applying the theoretical framework of Steven Lukes three-dimensional power approach and the theory of radical feminism abductively. The findings of this research presents that power exercises by the government can be observed to have affected the increase of gender based – as well as sexual gender based violence in the period of study.

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Odabashian, Gavin M. "“To Live Confidently, Courageously, and Hopefully": Challenging Patriarchy and Sexual Violence at Scripps College." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/247.

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The pervasiveness of sexual violence on college campuses poses a significant problem for students and administrations that seek to promote healthy, safe, and equitable access to higher education. Although federal legislation under Title IX prohibits sexual violence as a form of gender discrimination, cultural climates that promote sexual violence—or rape cultures - continue to inform student experiences on college campuses. This thesis roots the discourse on campus sexual violence in the specific localized context at Scripps College. As a women’s college situated in a small, interconnected consortium of co-ed liberal arts colleges, the case of Scripps College raises critical questions about the ways in which gender and sexism play out on women’s bodies, and influence students’ experiences with embodiment on campus. In this thesis, I present a feminist analysis of the current institutional policies that address sexual violence on campus, in addition to the perspectives of eight student activists currently involved in gender justice work at Scripps College. Due to the fact that each of the Claremont Colleges, including Scripps, is currently in the process of re-evaluating their policies and grievance procedures that address sexual violence on campus, now is a key time to reflect on the past, present, and future of the Claremont Colleges and the role that these institutions play in either deconstructing or reinforcing patriarchal structures of power.

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Gilkes, Madeleine. "'There was no one who could escape this horrible situation' : gender-based violence in the American-Viet Nam war, 1954-1975." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14040/.

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Carroll, Emma. ""Was It Good For You?"/Is It Good for Us?: Implications of Sexual Scripting for Pleasure and Violence." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563287501358132.

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Scheer, Jillian Ryan. "Trauma-Informed Care for Sexual and Gender Minority Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107451.

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Thesis advisor: V. Paul Poteat
Intimate partner violence (IPV) occurs in LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer) relationships at rates equal to or even higher than cisgender heterosexual relationships (Walters, Chen, & Breidig, 2013). The health consequences of IPV are well documented (Kwako et al., 2011). Trauma-informed care (TIC) is one service approach receiving increasing support for use with IPV survivors (Warshaw, Lyon, Phillips, & Hooper, 2014). Nevertheless, there is little research exploring the association between TIC and health among LGBTQ IPV survivors. Immobilization is prevalent for IPV survivors for whom fight or flight may increase risk of violence during traumatic situations (van der Kolk, 1989). TIC might be well-positioned to counter these immobilizing effects in effort to facilitate mobilization and better health for IPV survivors. The relationship between TIC and health through mobilizing mechanisms has not yet been tested. This study examined several mobilizing mechanisms as mediating the relationship between TIC and health including: 1) lower social withdrawal; 2) lower shame; 3) greater emotion regulation; and, 4) greater empowerment. Among 227 LGBTQ adults, structural equation modeling analyses tested the relationship between TIC and health, and the mediating effects of lower social withdrawal and shame, and greater emotion regulation and empowerment on the relationship between TIC and health. Results indicated that the direct effects of TIC on mental and physical health were not significant. Indirect effects of TIC on mental and physical health through the set of mobilizing mechanisms were not significant. However, TIC did predict greater empowerment and emotion regulation and lower social withdrawal. Lower social withdrawal and lower shame also predicted better mental health, while lower shame and emotion regulation predicted better physical health. Practitioners need to uncover additional services and resources beyond TIC that could improve health among LGBTQ IPV survivors. Research should continue to examine the potential effects of TIC in addition to how it is applied in the context of evidence-based treatment programs that are adapted for sexual and gender minorities
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology

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Anthony, Elizabeth Ruth. "Normative Violence? The Impact of Gender-neutral Language on Self-reported Rates of Sexual Violence Victimization and Perpetration." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/52.

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The effect of gender-neutral language in a survey designed to measure unwanted sexual experiences was examined. Methodological issues pertaining to survey design and significant variability in prevalence estimates of sexual violence demonstrate that further refinement of self-report instruments is necessary. As a variety of macrolevel forces influence individual behavior, the current study contends that coercive tactics used to obtain sex in mixed-gender interactions are normalized by the traditional heterosex script and conveyed through gender-specific language. Reference to respondents’ sexual partners in gender-neutral, as opposed to gender-specific terms, was hypothesized to result in more disclosure of sexually coercive victimization and perpetration experiences. Logistic regression analyses revealed no statistically significant differences in disclosure between language conditions. Null findings are interpreted with reference to the broader gender-neutral language literature and implications for future research are suggested.

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Souza, Cesário da Silva. "Caracterização da violência sexual em mulheres na cidade de Ribeirão Preto - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-11082015-131209/.

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A violência contra a mulher é fenômeno universal que atinge todas as classes sociais, etnias, religiões e culturas, ocorrendo em populações de diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento econômico e social. As mulheres que sofrem violência física perpetrada por parceiros íntimos também estão sob risco da violência sexual, indicando uma relação entre a violência física e psicológica. No Brasil, o tema ainda é pouco estudado; existem poucos dados confiáveis da violência sexual no país. A notificação, ponto de partida para a investigação, é muito inferior ao número de agressões que acorrem pelo fato de que muitas vítimas evitam a exposição pública. Mediante esse cenário, o estudo teve como objetivo principal caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de violência sexual contra mulheres com idade igual ou superior a 14 anos, registrados na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto - SP. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter descritivo tipo levantamento, no período de 2006 a 2008. Foram consideradas 245 notificações as quais indicaram que 71,84% dos casos registrados eram de mulheres abaixo dos 30 anos, brancas (62,4%), solteiras (68,6%), com um nível educacional baixo (59,2%) e sem nenhuma deficiência descrita (84,9%). O agressor, na maioria dos casos, foi classificado como desconhecido (43,3%), o estupro foi o agravo mais acometido (69%), sendo a residência (33,5%) o local mais frequente em que aconteceu a violência. Sabe-se que à violência sexual, na maioria das vezes, está associada a alguma outra. O presente estudo descreve que 67,8% dos casos registrados apresentavam a violência física associada, com valores similares à violência psicológica que representou 62% dos casos. Em 68% dos casos notificados foram encaminhados para Ambulatório. Como conclusão, o estudo teve como propósito contribuir como mais um instrumento no combate a violência sexual, mediante sua relevância para a Saúde Pública.
Violence against women is a universal phenomenon that affects all social classes, ethnicities, religions and cultures, occurring in populations of different levels of economic and social development. Women who suffer physical violence perpetrated by intimate partners are also at risk of sexual violence, indicating a relationship between physical violence and psychological violence. In Brazil, the subject is still tens studies, and reliable data from sexual violence. The notification, the starting point for research, is much lower than the number of attacks by the fact that many victims avoid public exposure. Under this scenario, the study aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile of cases of sexual violence against women aged 14 years, registered in the Municipal Health Department of Ribeirão Preto - SP. It is a descriptive study of such survey of the period 2006 to 2008. We considered 245 reports which indicated that 71.84% of reported cases were in women under age 30, White (62.4%), single (68.6%), with a low educational level (59.2%) and with no reported disability (84.9%). The attacker, in most cases was classified as unknown (43.3%), rape was most affected tort (69%), and the residence (33.5%) the most frequent site of violence happen. It is known that sexual violence, most often, is associated with some other violence. The present study describes that 67.8% of reported cases had associated physical violence, with values similar to psychological violence was 62% of cases. In 68% of the reported cases were referred to an outpatient clinic. In conclusion, the study aimed to contribute as one more as a tool in combating sexual violence by their relevance to public health.

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Cima, Samantha. "Expanding Posttraumatic Growth: An Examination of Male Survivors of Sexual Violence." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39549.

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Societal discourses and rigid gender norms, tenaciously reinforced by media representations, prevent men from being recognized as survivors of sexual violence (Gulas, McKeage, & Weinberger, 2010; Heber, 2017). Consequently, research on the ability of male survivors of sexual violence to acquire positive characteristics as a result of their victimization, termed posttraumatic growth (PTG), is limited (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 2004a). This thesis assesses the experience of PTG for male survivors of sexual violence, specifically analyzing the role of gender norms, coping styles, and service access in the production, or lack thereof, of PTG. Through the concepts of gender norms and coping, the experience of PTG for male survivors is contextualized, providing insight into how these forces individually and collectively facilitate or hinder the experience of PTG. A qualitative comparative analysis is conducted in order to establish a configuration of causal factors that are associated with the presence and absence of PTG for male survivors (N=9). Only one of the five hypotheses this thesis tests are supported; high stability (no interruption) of service access is associated with PTG. This thesis argues that the use of coping styles and service access is intertwined with conflicts between their gender and victimization, where male survivors utilize certain forms of coping or services depending on the degree to which they need to regain feelings of control.

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Svensson, Julia. "Responsibility to Represent : Representation of conflict related sexual and gender-based violence; a thematic analysis of World Bank and ICRC documents." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-389700.

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Producing information today is unprecedented in both speed and accessibility. This is a benefit of living in these IT times. There is more knowledge available than ever before, which is as fantastic as it is problematic. It leaves both the producer and the user of this information responsible for assessing and interpreting it. This thesis has investigated what information has been produced on conflict related SGBV by the World Bank and the ICRC to see what representations have been established. Several documents from each organization have been collected, coded and thematically analyzed by using intersectionality and structural violence as theoretical lenses. These theoretical frameworks complemented each other in their use in this study as intersectionality was employed to look at what certain portrayals might mean for individuals, and structural violence was used to look at what the result meant on a larger scale. Ultimately, this thesis arrived at the conclusion that the portrayal of conflict related SGBV by the World Bank and ICRC is problematic. No organization is misrepresenting more than the other, but they do struggle on different themes. Overall, the main risk an organization runs when writing about this topic is to portray women as the only demographic group affected and the image that all women survivors are the same in that they are female. This leaves the consumer of this information with the assumption that conflict related SGBV only affects women, because they are women. This is wrong and it is problematic, as this thesis will explain in detail, along with other representations and analytical conclusions.

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Hargis, Kathleen J. "Contextualizing Empowerment Discourse in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Case Study of the Ushindi Project." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1338573094.

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Gammon, J. D. "Ravishment and ruin : the construction of stories of sexual violence in England, c.1640-1820." Thesis, University of Essex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326830.

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Saxena, Anshul. "Theory of Gender and Power: Intimate Partner Violence, HIV Status and Sexual Risk Behaviors in Haitian Women." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3200.

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Among women in Haiti, there are a number of factors, including intimate partner violence (IPV), childhood sexual abuse, and alcohol abuse that lead to increased vulnerability to STI/HIV and its sequelae. This study examined the factors associated with IPV and the associations between IPV and HIV in a sample of adult Haitian women. The current study is a secondary analysis of data collected from HIV+ and HIV- women attending the GHESKIO centers in Haiti. The measures include: Self-reported Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20); Attitudes Towards Gender Roles; Partner Violence; Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT); Partner Support; Sexual Relationship Power Scale (SRPS); Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); and, Vaginal Episode Equivalent (VEE). Descriptive statistics were used for demographic characteristics. Pearson correlations, t-Test, Generalized linear model, Logistic regressions, and Generalized linear mixed models were used for estimating the strength of associations. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 25.5 (5.4) years. Approximately 68.4% had some secondary school education and only 0.9% had a college or professional degree. The majority of participants (82.2%) had a partner, but did not live with them. Generalized linear mixed modelling showed that lack of family support (β = 0.28, p < 0.05), history of childhood sexual abuse (β = 0.66, p < 0.05), and traditional gender-based attitudes (β = 0.10, p < 0.001) predicted major IPV. Results from logistic regression analysis showed that age at sexual debut (AOR: 0.745; 95% CI: 0.585, 0.948) and physical violence (AOR: 3.482; 95% CI: 2.316, 5.235) were significantly associated with HIV seropositive status. Generalized linear mixed modelling analysis showed that decreased relationship control subscale scores (β = -0.26, p < 0.05) and alcohol use problems (β = 0.18, p < 0.05) were significantly associated with high levels of risky sexual behaviors over time. In summary, a history of IPV was significantly associated with traditional gender based attitudes, history of childhood sexual abuse, and lack of family support. History of IPV and age of first sexual experience were significantly associated with HIV seropositive status. Finally, relationship control and alcohol use problems were significantly associated with sexual risk behavior. These findings indicate potential areas of further study and intervention among Haitian women.

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Mazimhaka, Anne P. Inturire. "Much to be done: towards an effective transitional justice model for dealing with conflict-related crimes of sexual and gender-based violence." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4719.

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Many countries in Africa have experienced conflicts characterized by gross human rights violations, including widespread and systematic sexual and gender-based violence. Several of these are currently grappling with the difficult issue of addressing the wrongs of the past while at the same time trying to secure a stable and democratic future. This study considers what an appropriate model of transitional justice should be in the African context, particularly as pertains to crimes of sexual and gender-based violence. This chapter will briefly illustrate the prevalence of sexual and gender-based violence in conflict situations, particularly in Rwanda, note the legal developments made thus far, and establish the aim of this particular study.

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McGraw, Lora K. "Challenging masculinities: a program analysis of male-based university sexual violence prevention programs." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35389.

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Master of Arts
Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work
Nadia Shapkina
This study examines male-based sexual violence prevention programs on college campuses. In an effort to combat the widespread problem of sexual violence against college women, universities have implemented sexual assault prevention programs. While past programs have focused on risk-reduction strategies that target women, new programs are beginning to focus on approaching men to challenge hegemonic masculinity and gender social norms that are conducive to sexual violence. Thus far, the methods of these programs have not been studied in detail. This study uses interviews, observation, and document analysis to analyze the methods and messages of male-based sexual violence prevention programs at six universities in the United States. The research describes and analyzes the origins, goals, structures, strategies, success, and challenges of these programs. Their strengths and limitations are discussed, and suggestions and considerations for the programs are provided. As male-based violence prevention programs become more popular on college campuses, this research offers a deeper understanding of these programs that may inform and improve the effort to combat violence against college women.

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Liljeroos, Thea. "Caring for migrant women affected by sexual and gender-based violence: Experiences of healthcare providers in Europe and North America : A meta-synthesis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387825.

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Introduction: Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) is a violation against human rights with severe implications for the health of women globally. Migrant women may be exposed to a heightened risk of SGBV as well as obstacles that impair their ability to respond to violence and access care. The aim of this meta-synthesis is to explore healthcare providers’ perceptions and experiences of caring for migrant women affected by SGBV in North America and Europe, in order to identify facilitating factors and strategies used to overcome existing barriers to the provision of care. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted between February and April 2019 by using the databases PubMed, Scopus, Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) and Proquest Social Science Premium Collection. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results: The ten studies included illustrate perceptions and experiences of healthcare providers from multiple professional backgrounds in the United States, Great Britain and Sweden. Three themes derived from the analysis; (a) Providing a patient-centred care; (b) Knowledge and training-key factors affecting screening and response; and (c) Working under psychologically demanding conditions. Conclusion: Healthcare providers address violence screening and response by adopting a patient-centred approach to care, facilitated by trust-building strategies and external support. However, barriers grounded in a lack of knowledge and training, underline a need of context specific guidelines and screening tools. Further, emotional distress and health issues bring attention to the importance of support mechanisms when caring for migrant women affected by SGBV.

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Walsh, Brian P. "The rape of Tokyo| Legends of mass sexual violence and exploitation during the occupation of Japan." Thesis, Princeton University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10120354.

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Much recent writing on the Occupation of Japan has challenged the traditional picture of a well-disciplined American army laying the groundwork for Japan’s transition to democracy by the example of its behavior. Instead it depicts the Occupation, especially its opening phase, as marred by the widespread rape of Japanese women by American servicemen. In addition, many writers claim the United States encouraged, requested or even ordered the Japanese government to establish brothels for its troops. Copious documentation of American behavior from both Japanese and American sources does not support such claims. Rather, it makes very clear that though there were a fair number of reported rapes of Japanese women by American and other Allied servicemen, stories of mass rape during any period of the Occupation, including its opening phase, are simply not credible. In addition the contemporary record suggests that American authorities regarded prostitution not as a benefit for their troops, but as an entrenched social problem which they tolerated reluctantly. This raises the question of how such stories became incorporated into the mainstream. Part of the reason for this was the psychic environment in which these stories were originally created. There is an innate and deep-seated association between rape and war in the human psyche. The Japanese understanding of war in the mid-twentieth century reinforced this association. Rape also served as a metaphor for the American conquest of Japan. GHQ robbed Japanese men of their control of women’s sexuality. Many women then used their sexual autonomy to consort with American soldiers. To many this seemed like a hypocritical seizure of Japanese women, a rape of sorts. Shortly after the Occupation ended a leftist anti-American propaganda campaign and a boom in exploitation literature coincided to produce a great number of works purporting to be true exposes of American cruelties. Though these books are wholly unreliable, and contradict contemporary evidence, many have been incorporated into mainstream history. This is an error. Stories of mass rape and organized sexual exploitation during the Occupation are better understood as metaphoric expressions of the humiliation of defeat, occupation and continuing diplomatic subordination, than as history.

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Back, Madeleine. "Determinants of Intimate Partner SexualViolence against Women in India." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41032.

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Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is a public health problem andprimarily affects women. Almost 30% of all women who have been in arelationship with a man, have experienced physical or sexual violence by theirpartner in their life. Even though sexual violence is being investigated inIndia, the determinants of sexual violence are thus far little investigated,specifically the determinants of IPSV. The purpose of the study was toexamine the demographic and socioeconomic determinants of IPSV againstwomen in India. The study was carried out using a quantitative method basedon secondary data from the National Family Health Survey 4 (NFHS-4). Thevariables used was age, residential area, education, religion, wealth index andemployment (current/all year/seasonal). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square testand a multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data.The results indicated that younger women experienced more IPSV than olderwomen, and women in rural areas lived through more IPSV than women inurban areas. However, were women with urban residency were more likely tobe exposed to IPSV, which indicates that urban residency can be a risk factorfor sexual violence. A remarkable finding was that the prevalence of IPSVamong working women was higher (9%) than nonworking women (6%), butthat the adjusted ORs showed no correlation between working status andIPSV. Current study has added further evidence of IPSV in India, usingnationally representative samples. Younger women with lower educationshould be emphasized and seen as a risk group for IPSV. An in-depth studyregarding the partner’s characteristics in India is warranted and an importantstep to chart additional determinants for IPSV.

Betyg i Ladok 201214.

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Kumar, Megha. "Communal riots, sexual violence and Hindu nationalism in post-independence Gujarat (1969-2002)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2b06b4e0-afac-4571-ab46-44968d36b17c.

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In much existing literature the incidence of sexual violence during Hindu-Muslim conflict has been attributed to the militant ideology of Hindu nationalism. This thesis interrogates this view. It first examines the ideological framework laid down by the founding ideologues of the Hindu nationalist movement with respect to sexual violence. I argue that a justification of sexual violence against Muslim women is at the core of their ideology. In order to examine how this ideology has contributed to the actual incidents, this thesis studies the episodes of Hindu-Muslim violence that occurred in 1969, 1985, 1992 and 2002 in the western Indian city of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. An examination of these episodes shows that sexual violence against Muslim women, in both extreme and less extreme forms, were significantly motivated by Hindu nationalist ideology. However, in addition to this ideology, patriarchal ideas that serve to normalize sexual violence as ‘sex’ and sanction its infliction to maintain gendered hierarchies also motivated such crimes. Moreover, this thesis argues that the manifestation of Hindu nationalist and patriarchal motivations in acts of sexual violence was enabled by the breakdown of neighbourhood ties between Hindus and Muslims in 1969 and 2002. By contrast, during the 1985 and 1992 riots Hindus and Muslims strengthened neighbourhood ties despite extensive communal mobilization, which seems to have prevented the perpetration of extreme sexual violence against Muslim women. Thus, by providing a comprehensive analysis of the contribution of Hindu nationalist ideology, and arguing for the significance of the patriarchal ideas and neighbourhood ties in the infliction of sexual violence during conflict, this study contributes to and departs from the existing literature.

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Pia, Christina Kalus. "Redressing female victims of sexual violence: possibilities for gender-specific reparations at the International Criminal Court." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1824_1373278492.

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This paper is about the reparations regime of the International Criminal Court and reparations possibilities for victims of sexual violence. It will contain a legal analysis of the reparations system of
the Court, including the Trust Fund for Victims of the International Criminal Court. In a second step, the needs of women who experienced conflict related violence will be examined. The central

question, which this paper will try to answer, is whether the ICC reparations regime has the ability to provide gender-sensitive reparations and thus make a contribution to the improvement of
women&rsquo
s lives in post-conflict societies.

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Gomes, Melissa Elisabete Silva Lopez. "Mulheres refugiadas na União Europeia : políticas, percursos e violência de género." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20942.

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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação Internacional
A migração é um fenómeno mundial. As pessoas movimentam-se e fogem dos seus países por diversas razões. Em 2015 a Europa sofreu uma onda de refugiados, provenientes de países em conflito. O número de mulheres refugiadas tem aumentado ao longo dos anos. A viagem na procura de paz e segurança nem sempre é segura. No decorrer desta investigação, analisámos a evolução das políticas mundiais, europeias e portuguesas no que respeita à integração dos refugiados e, consequentemente, das mulheres refugiadas. As políticas são, depois, comparadas com as realidades. Procurámos entender quais as principais razões que levam estas mulheres a fugirem dos seus países de origem e quais os seus percursos até ao país de destino, entendendo a violência sexual e de género sofrida ao longo da sua jornada. De um modo geral, verifica-se um reforço das políticas de integração de refugiados. Contudo, estas apresentam uma eficiência baixa, por não corresponderem às necessidades e vulnerabilidades das mulheres.
Migration is a worldwide phenomenon. People move and flee their countries for several reasons. In 2015 Europe suffered a wave of refugees from countries in conflict. The number of refugee women has increased over the years. Traveling searching for peace and security is not always safe. In the course of this investigation, we analyzed the evolution of global, european and portuguese policies regarding the integration of refugees and, consequently, of refugee women. It was sought to understand what are the main reasons that lead these women to flee from their countries of origin and what are their journeys to the country of destination and also understanding the sexual and gender violence suffered throughout their journey. In general, there is an increase in policies for the integration of refugees, however, with low efficiency because it does not correspond to the needs and vulnerabilities of women.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Källvik, Emma. "A Critical Discourse Analysis of Sexual Violence and Power : #metoo in Swedish media." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149794.

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During the fall of 2017, a campaign named #metoo went viral on Twitter. The purpose of #metoo was to highlight how many that had experiences of sexual harassments and assaults. The campaign did also gain a lot of attention in traditional Swedish media. By looking at #metoo in Swedish printed media during the month of November in 2017, I have examined how the concept of sexual violence have been articulated, negotiated and represented. Sexual violence is a matter that has been important for both feminist scholars and activists for a long time, both from a theoretical and material perspective. Guided by a critical discourse analysis and a feminist poststructural approach, I have looked at sexual violence as a phenomenon that is discursively made and therefore, also non-stable and always up for negotiation depending on the specific time, place and context it is produced in. In my material, I have found three themes, boundaries, institutionalisation and tensions. They all, in different ways, support that by providing a picture of sexual violence as a fluid concept without clear boundaries, a tendency to turn all the issues of sexual harassments into a failure of the employer liability and the working environment. Also, by providing a picture of a colliding word view of sexual violence as both a brand new phenomenon in Sweden (especially related to immigration) and something that has always been a reality in many people’s life.

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Mbesherubusa, Mittag Danielle. "Persistent, ‘Me Too’? Voices from the Past : An Analysis of Testimonials on Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in the Congo Free State (1885-1908)." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45698.

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This paper analyses (female) voices that reported sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) to the Commission of Inquiry of the Congo Free State between October 1904 and February 1905. Couldry's (2010) notion of "voice as value" is used to assess the possible contribution of these voices to the decade-long international humanitarian campaign that outsted King Leopold II from his personal colony. Document Analysis was performed on 21 witness accounts, including five female survivors and 16 African and European men who either corroborated or ruled out these women's statements. The analysis reveals one of the two main sites of violence to have been the home of the victim, a peculiar site of conflict-related SGBV even in the DRC today. Additionally, the study suggests a correlation between the geographical region of rubber exploitation and the area of concentration of SGBV - a finding which could signify germination of the 'world's capital of rape' to have started during the Leopoldian era and necessitates further examination. In answer to the inquiry's main question, results show that although voices denouncing SGBV remained unheard during the campaign, they did echo the main message carried by most if not all 300 or so Congolese men and women whose stories bear witness to brutalities that took place 120 years ago. The message they would have wanted reverberated worldwide is that ending the rubber regime was the only way out of their ordeal.

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Ozel, Gulen. "Sexual Violence Against Women In Civil Wars: An Analysis Of Yugoslavian Civil War." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607244/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, the systematic usage of sexual violence towards women as a weapon during the Yugoslavian Civil War is analyzed. The study attempts to underline the role of gender identities of women during the Civil War as a means for the victimization of women through sexual violence, especially mass rapes. It is argued that with the disintegration of Yugoslavia, as men clashed for power, the portrayal of women as mothers and carriers of the nation under the nationalistic discourse caused these women to become the primary targets of the war. It is also argued that the primary aim of rape as a weapon of ethnic cleansing during the war was to destroy the harmony and unity of the enemy by dishonoring and violating their women.

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Engström, Sara. "The Narrative of Conflict Minerals : An Exploration of Sexual Gender-Based Violence and Socioeconomic Impacts of the Dodd-Frank Act in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324548.

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This thesis elaborates on a complex, multilayered gender perspective of mineral exports in the conflict of the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The focus lies on the Dodd-Frank Act and its implications for sexual gender-based violence, both conflict and non-conflict related, as well as socioeconomic dimensions. The in-depth analysis of these factors indicates, that after the initiation of the well-intended Act, the occurrence of sexual gender-based violence has increased and socioeconomic situation for women have worsened. Possible reasons can be found in the sole focus on Western narratives and the neglect of local perspectives.

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Hamel, Marie-Eve. "Mediated voices : nation/state-building, NGOs and survivors of sexual violence in postconflict Rwanda and Bosnia-Herzegovina." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23509.

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Mass ethnic violence, including genocide and ethnic cleansing, can take a variety of forms, but sexual violence often remains a key and defining feature. In the Bosnian war of 1992-1995 following the break-up of Yugoslavia, it is estimated that between 20,000 and 60,000 rapes were committed; and estimates are that between 250,000 and 500,000 rapes were committed during the Rwandan genocide in 1994. And yet the experiences and needs of these survivors of sexual violence can often remain marginalised through post-conflict reconstruction processes and beyond. Drawing on ethnographic and multi-method research, this dissertation explores and contrasts the post-conflict experiences of women who suffered from wartime sexual violence in Rwanda and Bosnia-Herzegovina and the programmes offered by key NGOs that continue to work with them. Focusing on policies and experiences of re-integration and the creation of a sense of social belonging, I show that these women represent a distinct category of civilian victims of war, whose postconflict needs and experiences are often marginalized by both their states and their communities. The thesis’ empirical core draws on ethnographic fieldwork, which included participant observation of ten key NGOs, four focus groups with HIV-infected individuals and women survivors of sexual violence, semi-structured and unstructured interviews with 17 survivors, 23 NGO staff and a Rwandan government representative, as well as informal conversations with all of these actors and members of the local communities. This ethnographic data was complemented and contextualized with official statistics, as well as government and NGO documents, and with interviews conducted at UN Women and the UN Trust Fund. The main substantive findings of this dissertation are that following the end of the ethnic violence in Rwanda and Bosnia-Herzegovina, the two states embarked on very different post-conflict reconstruction efforts. Rwanda has been characterized by an important process of nation-building, with the state outlawing ethnicity in favour of national unity, and implementing gender-sensitive policies to promote women’s rights. In contrast, the Bosnian-Herzegovinian state implemented policies mostly geared towards state-building, based on the rationale that the institutionalisation of ethnicity could only truly be accommodated through strong state institutions. The dominance of ethnic politics however overshadows other political agendas, such as gender policies, policies that have still not lead to transformative changes at the local level. These macro-policies importantly influence post-conflict experiences, most especially those of women who had survived sexual violence. My findings are suggestive of the complexity of the post-conflict experiences of the women I met, mostly in terms of social reintegration, where the macro-policies of post-conflict reconstruction continue to powerfully shape both their everyday lives and the work done by the NGOs. In Rwanda today, the women I interviewed mostly wish to be fully socially accepted and treated as part of their communities, with the NGOs offering them holistic support. But in Bosnia-Herzegovina, the women I interviewed today mostly demand legal recognition by the state, with the NGOs actively lobbying for this on their behalf. And yet, due to a shared experience of continuing everyday marginalization within both societies, as civilian victims of war, in both places the women often rely on NGOs to negotiate their social position within their states, nations and communities. This mediation role is structurally complicated by the NGOs’ relationships to donors and to the pressures of the state in which they operate. The impact of this is that through their mediation role NGOs reconstruct the women’s experiences in order to align with the priorities of the international donors and states in which they operate. Consequently, the contrasts between the work done by NGOs in each country are clearly visible, despite the similarity of the war crimes experienced: Rwandan NGOs actively seek to increase women’s empowerment within their social community, while the Bosnian NGOs actively aim to increase the women’s voices within more explicit political agendas. The thesis’s key theoretical or intellectual contribution, therefore, concerns its relevance to intersectional scholarly work on post-conflict and gender studies. More specifically, my findings suggest that a shift occurred immediately following the end of the armed conflicts, where the women who had experienced wartime sexual violence and who were socially located outside the scope of justice of their ethnic enemies, suddenly found themselves outside the scope of justice of their own ethnic or national communities. Extending Mann’s (2004) and Opotow et al’s (2005) typologies of ethnic violence and moral exclusion, I then develop a specific framework for understanding the underlying moral shifts experienced by the survivors of sexual violence. In doing this, I seek to capture this gendered moral and social relocation and its consequences on the everyday lives of the women and the NGOs that work with them. This forms the basis for my theoretical contribution that the women moved from ethnic women to moral outcasts in the aftermath of the ethnic violence, and that this exclusion is contextually shaped since the priorities for social reintegration are different in Rwanda to BiH. Addressing these priorities then requires different forms of post-conflict inclusion.

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Melake, Yordanos. "Women in Conflict: The Relationship between Female Participation in Non-State Armed Groups and Sexual Violence." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385112.

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Previous research has laid out different answers and explanations to why there is variation in female participation and sexual violence respectively. However, less attention has been attributed to investigate the relationship between female participation and sexual violence. In fact, the causal processes between these variables remains under-theorized and unclear. The aim of this study is to contribute theoretically by examining under what conditions NSAGs with female participation engage in sexual violence. Moreover, a novel classification of different types of female participation is introduced. This study argues that NSAGs with subordinate female participation are more likely to engage in sexual violence, compared to NSAGs with strategic female participation. Using a structured focused comparison method in a most-similar case study design, the suggested hypotheses are tested on two cases, UNITA and the EPLF. The results of the study find support for the theorized relationship. According to the findings of this study, I argue that the investigation of women’s roles and gender norms and hierarchies should be particularly considered when studying female participation in NSAGs and sexual violence in armed conflicts. Yet, data limitations and availability call for caution. Lastly, this study points to the need for greater attention and collection of data on female participation in armed organizations. Furthermore, the need for specified and disaggregated data as well as concepts beyond the non-combatant and combatant dichotomy is needed in order to further assess the relationship between female participation and sexual violence, as well as to tailor appropriate policies for its prevention.

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Peltola, Larissa. "Rape and Sexual Violence Used as a Weapon of War and Genocide." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1965.

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Rape and other forms of sexual violence have been used against civilian populations since the advent of armed conflict. However, recent scholarship within the last few decades proves that rape is not a byproduct of war or a result of transgressions by a few “bad apples,” rather, rape and sexual violence are used as strategic, systematic, and calculated tools of war, ethnic cleansing, and genocide. Rape has also been used as a means of preventing future generations of children of “undesirable” groups from being born. Rape and sexual violence are also used with the purpose of intimidating women and their communities, destroying the social fabric and cohesion of specific groups, and even as a final act of humiliation before killing the victim. In each conflict that is examined in this thesis, sexual violence is used against civilian populations for the specific purpose of genocide.

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Kline, Kathleen Elizabeth. "Collegiate dating violence: A quantitative analysis of attachment style and help -seeking behavior by gender and sexual orientation." ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/726.

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Previous research has indicated few victims of dating violence seek help for abuse or violence experienced at the hands of a dating partner, a failure that has led to rising healthcare costs and unreported crime. Attachment theory and the social support network orientation model have been used in understanding differences in attachment style and help-seeking behavior among individuals seeking help for medical and psychological problems, but the differences in these variables among victims of dating violence have not been examined. The purpose of this quantitative web-based study was to examine differences in type of abuse or violence experienced, attachment style, and help-seeking behavior between collegiate male and female victims of dating violence in heterosexual and same-sex relationships. A sample of 149 collegiate males and females involved in heterosexual and same-sex relationships completed the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), the Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ), and the General Help Seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ)/Actual Help Seeking Questionnaire (AHSQ) to measure the effect of the independent variables, gender and sexual orientation, on the dependent variables, type of abuse or violence experienced, attachment style, and help-seeking behavior. The results of the MANOVA and chi-square analyses revealed: (a) no significant effect between one's gender and sexual orientation and type of abuse or violence experienced and style of attachment, (b) male and female victims of dating violence in same-sex relationships were less likely to seek help from formal sources than male and female victims in heterosexual relationships, and (c) type of actual help secured is independent of help-seeking behavior. The results of this study demonstrate a need for social change in the way victimization by dating violence is perceived and may aid helping professionals in developing culturally sensitive screening tools to identify and assist a population who might not otherwise seek help.

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Krolnik, Campos Monica. "The Impact of Sexual Assault Training and Gender on Rape Attitudes." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/796.

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Sexual assault is a growing concern across college campuses in the United States. According to the Sexual Victimization of College Women study, the victimization rate is 27.7 rapes per 1,000 women students (Fisher, Cullen, & Turner, 2000). In response to the high prevalence of sexual assault, college campuses are now mandated to implement various forms of sexual assault prevention programming. Sexual assault prevention programming is intended to promote awareness of sexual assault and reduce the prevalence of sexual assault on college campuses. Numerous studies have examined the short term effectiveness of sexual assault prevention programs (e.g., Anderson & Whiston, 2005). However, few studies have explored the effectiveness of repeated, annual prevention program participation on rape supportive beliefs. In addition, studies that have explored the efficacy of prevention programs have tended to rely exclusively on self-report measures and some have only focused on outcomes among men or women groups only. The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of level of participation and gender in sexual assault prevention training on rape myth acceptance (RMA) and response latency to a hypothetical date rape scenario among a sample of Western college students. Results revealed no significant relationships between higher levels of sexual assault prevention programming participation and RMA scores and latency times. Additionally, there were no gender differences on IRMA scores or response latency. Findings have important implications for future sexual assault prevention programming efforts on college campuses and community settings.

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Coleman, Anne M. "The clinician's experience of working in complex psychological trauma (CPT), gender based violence/childhood sexual abuse : an interpretative phenomenological analysis of the impact of CPT work." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.743884.

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Schmitz, Kelsey Catherine. "Shut Up and Play, or Get Out: A Pedagogy of Gendered Digital Identities in Video Gaming." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38053.

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This research project is an answer to the question, “What is the trouble with Gender and Gaming?” Distinguishing between sex and gender, the research examines how players learn to participate in gaming culture through a gendered lens and explores the voices of participant gamers who are learning and dealing with gendered violence and sexism in video games. Specifically, I examined the complicated nature of power, gendered representations/performances and language in gaming. To accomplish this, I used a poststructural feminist theory that I call ‘theory of disruption,’ which utilizes Butler’s (1991) theories on gender performance, Foucault’s (1978) concept of the docile body, and Harraway’s (1991) theory of disruption through the metaphor of the cyborg. Methodologically, I used digital ethnography, where I took on the role of participant-researcher by examining and analyzing my experiences as a video game player, on the one hand, and played with and interviewed 12 avid North American video gamers, all of whom are English speakers, including 8 women and 4 men, on the other. In analyzing my own and the participants’ narratives, gendered violence and sexual violence perpetuated within the context of gaming was deemed as a major deterrent for self-identified female gamers, often leaving them disconnected from the gaming community, and at times driving them to stop playing online games completely. In the case of female gamers, I show, they begin gaming already orienting their performance around a male narrative and in a male-dominated space. Throughout the thesis, we see that the trouble with gender and gaming is how gender is performed in games: cultural limitations, as well as design limitations influenced by culture, restrict players to the point where performativity (i.e. the pattern of gender performance) morphs into gender norms. These norms, I also show, are not left to perpetuate. In many cases, they are disrupted, subverted, dismissed or outright ignored. Nonetheless, I conclude, all gamers, male or female, have to negotiate gendered identities and their storylines as represented and made available by game designers. Approached as a ‘null curriculum’ (Eisner, 1985), video gaming is a site where most people, but particularly young people, invest in their identities and desires, thus turning it into a learning site. Here, particular representations and gendered norms and behaviours are learned. Pedagogically, I therefore conclude, we need to critically engage with it and show its creative as well as its ‘other’ (especially when it comes to female representation) side. Membership to the gaming community, it seems, is open to anyone with a gaming system and a desire to log into play; but if those community members were more attuned to how their actions, words, and conversations impact their greater community, perhaps we would begin to see a version of the gaming culture that is safer and more open to all.

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Andrade, Adathiane Farias de. "Rompendo o silêncio: uma análise sobre as histórias de meninas com vivências de abuso sexual atendidas pelo CREAS do município de João Pessoa." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7224.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:24:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1661238 bytes, checksum: 13c5c48baae00ed97ca43fea89af9185 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-10
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The present study entitled "Breaking the Silence: an analysis of some stories of girls who experienced sexual abuse, assisted by CREAS in the city of João Pessoa" focus on the investigation of sexual abuse stories experienced by 8 to 18 year-old girls, either in the intra or extra-familial, and the revelation of the covenant of silence evidenced in such situations of violence, which remains through veiled threats, slowly progressive seduction and communication. It was based on an analytical and methodological story of life, and guided by the qualitative approach, from the stories of sexual abuse of girls, subjected to research, memories, experiences, feelings, silence and unspoken. Throughout this paper we analyzed the ways of violence directed at children and adolescents, whose focus is on sexual violence, specifically abuse, bringing a cutout on the relationship of gender, due to the greater number of cases involving females. Just as the origins of legitimation, reproduction and representations of the society about violence against the juvenile segment, visualizing the progress and setbacks in the field of the rights of this population. The analysis goes through on how the policy is being implemented and operated full protection programs, projects and services that assist children and adolescents in situations of sexual violence. The questions that shed light on research raised about the approach: scenarios of violence, the artifices of seduction from perpetrators; feeling girls in relation to the aggressor, the necessary support for the development occurs, the search for the service, and the signs towards overcoming.
O presente estudo intitulado Rompendo o Silêncio: uma análise sobre as histórias de meninas com vivências de abuso sexual atendidas pelo CREAS do município de João Pessoa debruça-se sobre a investigação de histórias de abuso sexual vivenciadas por meninas com idades entre 08 e dezoito anos, seja no âmbito intra ou extrafamiliar, bem como a revelação do pacto de silêncio evidenciado neste tipo de situação de violência, que se mantém por meio de ameaças veladas, sedução lenta e progressiva e de uma comunicação bem particular. Toma com base analítica e metodológica a história de vida, tendo como eixo norteador o enfoque qualitativo, a partir das histórias de abuso sexual das meninas, sujeitos da pesquisa, suas memórias, vivências, sentimentos, silêncios e não ditos. Ao longo deste trabalho foram analisadas as formas de violência direcionada a crianças e adolescentes, cujo enfoque recai sobre a violência sexual, especificamente o abuso, trazendo um recorte sobre a relação de gênero, em decorrência do maior número de casos envolvendo o sexo feminino. Assim como as origens da legitimação, reprodução e as representações da sociedade acerca da violência em relação ao segmento infanto-juvenil, visualizando os avanços e retrocessos no campo dos direitos desta população. A análise perpassa sobre o modo como vem sendo executada a política de proteção integral e operacionalizados os programas, projetos e serviços de atendimento a crianças e adolescentes em situação de violência sexual. As questões que lançam luz à investigação suscitaram a abordagem sobre: os cenários da violência; os artifícios da sedução por parte dos agressores; o sentimento das meninas em relação ao agressor; o apoio necessário para ocorrer a revelação; a busca pelo atendimento; e os sinais rumo à superação.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sexual and Gender-Based Violence'

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