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Journal articles on the topic 'Sexual and Gender-Based Violence'
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Bartels, Susan A. "Sexual and gender-based violence [Editorial]." Public Health Action 3, no. 2 (June 21, 2013): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.13.0040.
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Gray, Harriet. "The ‘war’/‘not-war’ divide: Domestic violence in the Preventing Sexual Violence Initiative." British Journal of Politics and International Relations 21, no. 1 (October 3, 2018): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369148118802470.
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While recognising the importance of policy designed to tackle conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence, scholars have increasingly critiqued such policies for failing sufficiently to apprehend the multiple forms of this violence – from rape deployed as a weapon of war to domestic violence – as interrelated oppressions located along a continuum. In this article, I explore a connected but distinct line of critique, arguing that sexual and gender-based violence policies are also limited by a narrow understanding of how gender-based violences relate to war itself. Drawing on an analysis of the British Government’s Preventing Sexual Violence Initiative, I identify a key distinction which emerges between those types of sexual and gender-based violence which are considered to be part of war, and those which are not. This division, I suggest, closes down space for recognising how war is also enacted within private spaces.
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Dolan, Chris. "Letting go of the gender binary: Charting new pathways for humanitarian interventions on gender-based violence." International Review of the Red Cross 96, no. 894 (June 2014): 485–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383115000120.
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Increasing acknowledgement in some quarters that women and girls are not the only victims of sexual violence, and that sexual violence is not the only form of gender-based violence (GBV), has yet to be adequately reflected in policy and practice in the humanitarian world.
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Kato, Harueko. "Gender and Sexual Violence." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 3, no. 4 (1998): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.3.4_24.
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Sanjel, S. "Gender-Based Violence: A Crucial Challenge for Public Health." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 11, no. 2 (May 3, 2015): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i2.12499.
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This article attempts to summarize the situations of gender-based violence, a major public health issue. Due to the unequal power relations between men and women, women are violated either in family, in the community or in the State. Gender-based violence takes different forms like physical, sexual or psychological/ emotional violence. The causes of gender-based violence are multidimensional including social, economic, cultural, political and religious. The literatures written in relation to the gender-based violence are accessed using electronic databases as PubMed, Medline and Google scholar, Google and other Internet Websites between 1994 and first quarter of 2013. The keywords such as gender-based violence, women violence, domestic violence, wife abuse, violence during pregnancy, women sexual abuse, political gender based violence, cultural gender-based violence, economical gender-based violence, child sexual abuse and special forms of gender-based violence in Nepal were used for internet search. As GBVs remain one of the most rigorous challenges of women’s health and well-being, it is one of the indispensable issues of equity and social justice. To create a gender-based violence free environment, a lot works has to be done. Hence, it is suggested to provide assistance to the victims of violence developing the mechanism to support them. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i2.12499 Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.11(2) 2013: 179-184
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Belay, Habtamu Gebrehana, Tewachew Muche Liyeh, Habtamu Abie Tassew, Abeba Belay Ayalew, Yitayal Ayalew Goshu, and Gedefaye Nibret Mihretie. "Magnitude of Gender-Based Violence and Its Associated Factors among Female Night Students in Bahir Dar City, Amhara Region, Ethiopia." International Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2021 (April 12, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6694890.
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Background. Gender-based violence (GBV) is a major public health issue that affects the health and well-being of millions of young people worldwide each year. Gender-based violence was prevalent throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. However, research in Africa is extremely diverse. Objective. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent and risk factors of gender-based violence among night female students in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 788 elementary and high school night female students in Bahir Dar from October 15 to November 15, 2019. Data was gathered using self-administered questionnaires. A binary and multiple logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with gender-based and sexual violence. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95 percent confidence interval (CI) was calculated to determine the level of significance. Results. The overall lifetime prevalence of gender-based violence (sexual, physical, and emotional violence) was 71.1% with a 95% CI of 67.8%-74.1%. The lifetime prevalence of sexual violence, physical violence, and emotional violence was 49.1%, 57.5%, and 41.6%, respectively. Rural childhood residence (AOR: 3.37, 95% CI: (2.17-5.54)), low school performance (AOR: 3.44, 95% CI: (2.13-5.56)), lack of sexual and reproductive health conversation experience (AOR: 3.68, 95% CI: (2.07-6.54)), poor family control (AOR: 5.62, 95% CI: (3.25-9.71)), and being sexually active (AOR: 3.79, 95% CI: (2.35-6.12)) increased significantly the risk of gender-based violence. The risk factors for sexual violence were young people living with both parents (AOR: 0.28, 95% CI: (0.19-0.41)), peer pressure (AOR: 5.73, 95% CI: (4.11-7.98)), and family support (AOR: 0.31, 95% CI: (0.22-0.43)). Conclusion. In the study area, the lifetime prevalence of sexual violence, physical violence, and emotional violence was high. As a result, it is recommended that policymakers, district officials, schools, and other stakeholders pay attention to and act on gender-based values.
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Ubieto Oliván, Alba. "La violencia sexual como violencia de género: una perspectiva desde el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos = Sexual violence as gender-based violence: an international human rights law perspective." FEMERIS: Revista Multidisciplinar de Estudios de Género 3, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/femeris.2018.4324.
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Resumen. A raíz de las recientes movilizaciones y reivindicaciones feministas en España y la polémica sentencia del caso la Manada, vuelve a surgir la necesidad de reformar el código penal en lo relativo a la violencia sexual. De acuerdo con los desarrollos del Feminismo Legal, es precisamente en los casos de violencia sexual contra las mujeres donde más interfieren los estereotipos de género, que no sólo influyen en las mentalidades y respuestas de las instituciones, sino que se encuentran enraizados en las propias leyes y normas jurídicas. Con el fin de garantizar una mayor protección a las mujeres supervivientes de violencia sexual en España, urge, por un lado, armonizar la legislación y las prácticas institucionales con los estándares mínimos establecidos en derecho internacional de los derechos humanos. Esto permitiría, de entrada, redactar una definición de violencia sexual basada en el consentimiento. Por otro lado, debería considerarse la violencia sexual como una forma de violencia de género, teniendo en cuenta que ésta afecta a las mujeres de forma desproporcionada. Dicha asimilación permitiría brindar mayor protección a las supervivientes y garantizar que sus casos sean tratados con perspectiva de género, es decir, apreciando el contexto de violencia sistémica y desequilibro en las relaciones de poder entre géneros en los que se enmarcan. De lo contrario, se seguirá obstruyendo el derecho de las mujeres a acceder a la justicia.Palabras clave: violencia sexual, violencia de género, estereotipos de género, consentimiento, victimización secundaria, control de convencionalidad. Abstract. Following recent feminist demonstrations and aspirations in Spain, as well as the controversial judgment in the case la Manada, the necessity to reform the Spanish criminal code insofar as it refers to sexual violence becomes increasingly evident. Legal feminist theories suggest that especially cases of sexual violence against women are strongly influenced by gender stereotypes. Such stereotypes do not only influence the institutions’ mentalities and responses, they are embedded in laws and judicial principles. With the purpose of ensuring better protection of sexual violence survivors in Spain it is imperative, on the one hand, to harmonise the legislation and institutional practices with minimum standards established in international human rights law. This would allow for a definition of sexual violence based on consent. On the other hand, sexual violence should be considered as a form of gender-based violence, considering that it affects women disproportionately. Such assimilation would allow for a greater protection of survivors and guarantee that their cases would be treated from a gender perspective, in other words, taking into account the context of systemic violence against women and unequal power relations between genders in which they are inscribed. Otherwise, women’s access to justice will still be obstructed.Keywords: sexual violence, gender-based violence, gender stereotypes, consent, secondary victimisation, conventionality control.
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Kaladelfos, Amanda, and Lisa Featherstone. "Sexual and gender-based violence: definitions, contexts, meanings." Australian Feminist Studies 29, no. 81 (July 3, 2014): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08164649.2014.958121.
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Nadhifa, Khairunnisa, and Adhi Cahya Fahadayna. "Sexual Gender-Based Violence in Greek Refugees Camp." Transformasi Global 7, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 176–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtg.2020.007.02.1.
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In 2015 the European Migrant Crisis pushed Europe to a new dimension of issues and problems. With the mass of people migrating into the region, Greece became one of the front-line countries to face the crisis by hosting the country's high refugee population. Due to their incapability to adjust and respond according to the needs and situation of the crisis, other issues rise within Greek settlements among refugees themselves where violence came into existence. Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) appears in the refugee population that targeted women refugees living in the Greek camps. To know exactly why the causes of SGBV to happen in the first place against women refugees can be known through the effort of the Heise Model by Lori Michau to seek the root problems of the causes that drive the reason SGBV to exist within risky situations such as refugee camps. Through this Heise Model, the author seeks the causes of why SGBV happened in Greek refugee camps in 2015-2018 in covering four levels of societal, community, interpersonal, and individual.
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Rufanova, Viktoriya. "Concept and features of gender-based violence." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 4, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-4-224-230.
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In the article the author has studied the concept of "gender-based violence" and described its features. She has made an analysis of legislative categories that reveal features of gender-based violence. Gender-based violence underlies global problems. This socially negative phenomenon covers all countries of the world. No country has been able to fully address gender-based violence because it has failed to achieve 100% gender equality. One of the most current trends in the development and protection of human rights on a global, global scale today is to ensure gender equality and prevent any violence based on gender. The author suggests gender-based violence to mean a socially negative act (action or inaction) of a person / group of persons caused by the sexuality of a person / group of persons, which consists in causing physical, mental, sexual, economic school or threat of their use and can be committed in private and public areas. The most significant signs of gender-based violence are: committed in the form of actions or omissions; affects different categories of the population through their gender (women, men, people who have changed sex, persons of different sexual orientations), is a violation of the rights, freedoms, capabili-ties of the person and their guarantees, leads to restrictions on recognition, implementation or use rights, freedoms and opportunities; associated with physical, mental, sexual, economic violence, or the threat of its use, which causes harm to health; follows from the unequal power relations between men and women; based on outdated ideas and stereotypes about the social roles and functions of the individual; committed in the private and public spheres; causes deterioration of the position of the person in society; undermines the dignity of the person; undermines the authority, security, economic and social stability of the nation on a national and global scale.
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Mootz, Jennifer J., Sally D. Stabb, and Debra Mollen. "Gender-Based Violence and Armed Conflict." Psychology of Women Quarterly 41, no. 3 (June 12, 2017): 368–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684317705086.
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The high prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV) in armed conflict has been documented in various national contexts, but less is known about the complex pathways that constitute the relation between the two. Employing a community-based collaborative approach, we constructed a community-informed socioecological conceptual model from a feminist perspective, detailing how armed conflict relates to GBV in a conflict-affected rural community in Northeastern Uganda. The research questions were as follows: (1) How does the community conceptualize GBV? and (2) How does armed conflict relate to GBV? Nine focus group discussions divided by gender, age, and profession and six key informant interviews were conducted. Participants’ ages ranged from 9 to 80 years ( n = 34 girls/women, n = 43 boys/men). Grounded theory was used in analysis. Participants conceptualized eight forms of and 22 interactive variables that contributed to GBV. Armed conflict affected physical violence/quarreling, sexual violence, early marriage, and land grabbing via a direct pathway and four indirect pathways initiated through looting of resources, militarization of the community, death of a parent(s) or husband, and sexual violence. The findings suggest that community, organizational, and policy-level interventions, which include attention to intersecting vulnerabilities for exposure to GBV in conflict-affected settings, should be prioritized. While tertiary psychological interventions with women and girls affected by GBV in these areas should not be eliminated, we suggest that policy makers and members of community and organizational efforts make systemic and structural changes. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ 's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index
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Chaudhary, Shrawan Kumar, and Pushpa Chaudhary. "Gender Based Violence Among Pregnant Women: A Hospital Based Study." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v15i2.22844.
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Introduction: Gender Based Violence (GBV) is prevalent and exists to some extent in virtually all societies throughout the world. Evidence shows consistent negative effect of violence on health of women particularly. This hidden disease is perceived as a social issue and not a health issue and is often overlooked by health care providers.
Methodology: This study was a Cross Sectional descriptive study conducted at national Academy of Medical Science affiliated Paropaker Women's and Maternity Hospital, Kathmandu enrolling 950 pregnant women from the emergency admission room who were interviewed using structured questionnaire from mid march to the end August in the year 2007.
Result and discussion: Among 950 women suffered from gender based violence (33.36%). One hundred and fifty women faced psychological violence (47.31%), seventy two clients faced physical violence (22.71%), and forty two women faced sexual violence (13.24%) and rest of them faced all types of violence. Violence was reported during the current pregnancy (41.32%). Husbands were perpetrator of violence for almost on third of women (34.06%), followed by mother in low (18.29%). Joint violence by family members was quit common (28.1%). Perpetrator outside family was responsible for approximately 20% of cases. Domestic violence was extremely common accounting for more than four fifty of cases (81.38%). Among sexual violence, (45.45%) women were victim of marital rape. Alcoholism as one of the common reason for wife battering, observed in this study in Maternity Hospital which is still prevalent in Nepal. Often, verbal abuse is an excuse for imposing discipline in the family. Women's economic and emotional dependence on husband could be responsible for the vulnerable status in family. Health seeking behavior following violence was found to be extremely low in this study suggestion gender based violence as a privet matter.
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Hadi, Abdul. "Patriarchy and Gender-Based Violence in Pakistan." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 10, no. 2 (May 19, 2017): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v10i2.p297-304.
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Patriarchal values are embedded in Pakistani society which determines the subordinated position of women. Patriarchal control over women is exercised through institutionalized restrictive codes of behavior, gender segregation and the ideology which associates family honor to female virtue. The abnormal, amoral, and harmful customary practices which aim at preserving subjugation of women, defended and sanctified as cultural traditions and given religious overtones. Abnormal and amoral traditional practices in Pakistan include honor killing, rape and sexual assault, sexual harassment, acid attacks, being burned, kidnapping, domestic violence, dowry murder, and forces marriages, custodial abuse and torture. According to a 2011 poll of experts by the Thomson Reuters Foundation Poll, Pakistan is ranked the 3rd the most dangerous country for women in the world. This paper aims to highlight the sufferings of women in Pakistan and consider that in patriarchal societies violence has been used as a social mechanism to perpetuate the subjugation of women. Patriarchal system necessitates the violence for the sake of its existence. With the help of existing data, the gender-based violence in Pakistan has been analyzed. This paper concludes that all forms of gender-based violence are committed to ensure the compliance of women. In order to eliminate violence against women, patriarchal system has to be changed which can be achieved by strengthening the social, political and economic position of women.
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Heise, Lori. "Gender-based abuse: the global epidemic." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 10, suppl 1 (1994): S135—S145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1994000500009.
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Gender Based violence-including rape, domestic violence, murder and sexual abuse-is a profund health problem for women across the globe. Although a significant cause of female morbidity and mortality, violence against women has only recently begun to be recognized as an issue for public health. This paper draws together existing data on the dimensions of violence against women worldwide and reviews available literature on the health consequences of abuse. It argues that the health sector has an important role to play in combatting violence against women through increased research, screening and referral of victims, and behavioral interventions. Any strategy to confrnt violence must address the root causes of abuse in addition to meeting the immediate needs of victims. This means challenging the social attitudes and beliefs that undergird men's violence and renegotiating the balance of power between women and men at all levels of society.
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Green, Laurie. "First-Class Crimes, Second-Class Justice: Cumulative Charges for Gender-Based Crimes at the International Criminal Court." International Criminal Law Review 11, no. 3 (2011): 529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181211x576401.
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AbstractWhile sexual and gender-based violence crimes are now prosecutable as war crimes, crimes against humanity, and acts of genocide, the Pre-Trial Chamber of the International Criminal Court recently declined to confirm cumulative charges for sexual and gender-based violence in Prosecutor v. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo. Born out of the historical tendency of international criminal tribunals to treat rape and sexual violence as secondary crimes, this paper argues that the International Criminal Court is far from achieving true gender justice, or from serving as a deterrent against sexual and gender-based violence crimes. This paper also argues that the ICC's failure in this regard risks undermining the very legitimacy of the Court.
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Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Catherine Chojenta, and Deborah Loxton. "Gender-Based Violence Among Female Senior Secondary School Students in Eastern Ethiopia." Violence and Victims 36, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 509–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vv-d-19-00183.
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Gender-based violence (GBV) is a major global public health issue due to its short- and long-term adverse effects on women's health. Little is known about the factors associated with physical and emotional violence among female school students in Ethiopia. We determined the magnitude and risk factors of emotional violence, physical violence, sexual violence, and any form of GBV among 1,199 female school students in eastern Ethiopia using the facilitated self-administered questionnaires. The prevalence of any form of GBV in the past 12 months was 53.04% (95% CI: 50.22–55.87). Around 52% (95% CI: 47.61–55.54) of respondents indicated they had experienced all three forms of GBV. The prevalence of emotional violence in the past 12 months was 43.04% (95% CI: 40.22–45.84), physical violence was 43.79% (95% CI: 40.94–46.59), and sexual violence was 31.44% (95% CI: 28.81–34.07). Having a boyfriend, being married, not receiving enough pocket money from family, witnessing violence as a child, using alcohol, being sexually active, and discussing reproductive health with family increased the risk of any form of GBV in the past 12 months. This suggests that early intervention and support to mitigate the long-term adverse impacts of GBV are needed.
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Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Catherine Chojenta, and Deborah J. Loxton. "Gender-Based Violence Perpetration by Male High School Students in Eastern Ethiopia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 31, 2020): 5536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155536.
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Gender-based violence (GBV) perpetration is a global public health problem due to its detrimental effect on health and education. This study aims to determine the prevalence of gender-based violence perpetration by male students in eastern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in eastern Ethiopia in December 2018. A total of 1064 male students were involved in the study. Data were collected using an adaptation of the WHO Multi-Country Study self-administered questionnaire on the Women Health and Life Event. Descriptive statistics were calculated using STATA version 14. The prevalence of gender-based violence committed by a male in the last 12 months was 55.83% (95% CI: 52.84–58.82%). The prevalence of emotional abuse against an intimate or non-partner was 45.86% (95% CI: 42.87–48.86%), physical abuse was 45.77% (95% CI: 42.77–48.77%), and sexual abuse was 31.11% (95% CI: 28.32–33.90%). The perpetration of multiple types of gender-based violence (emotional, physical, and sexual) was 47.15% (95% CI: 43.15–51.25%), with 17.72% (95% CI: 14.75–21.03%) reporting emotionally and physically violent acts, 14.21% (95% CI: 11.51–17.27%) reporting emotionally violent acts only, and 12.88% (95% CI: 10.29–15.82%) reporting physically violent acts only. There were statistically significant differences between the age of participants who committed acts of all forms of GBV in the “ever” timeframe and the past 12 months (p < 0.001). Effective prevention and intervention strategies should be developed at the school level to reduce gender-based violence perpetration.
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Rokvić, Vanja. "Sexual and gender based violence (SGBV) in armed conflicts." Годишњак Факултета безбедности, no. 1 (2017): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gfb1701111r.
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EHRLICH, SUSAN. "Discourse, Gender and Sexual Violence." Discourse & Society 13, no. 1 (January 2002): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926502013001001.
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Vuckovic, Myriam, Annette Altvater, Linda Helgesson Sekei, and Kristina Kloss. "Sexual harassment and gender-based violence in Tanzania’s public service." International Journal of Workplace Health Management 10, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-02-2015-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the causes, forms, extent, and consequences of sexual harassment and sexual violence at public sector workplaces in Tanzania. Design/methodology/approach A total of 1,593 civil servants participated in the survey, which was conducted in the Mtwara Region of Tanzania. The quantitative data were complemented with the results from eight focus group discussions. Findings The study revealed that 21 percent of women and 12 percent of men had experienced sexual harassment personally. Overall, rural-based public servants had less knowledge of relevant policies, and experienced more sexual harassment than their urban colleagues. The majority of perpetrators were identified as men in senior positions; the majority of victims were recognized to be young female employees. Frequently reported behaviors included sexual bribery with regard to resource allocation, promotions, allowances, and other benefits. Practical implications Despite the existence of conducive legal and policy frameworks aimed at protecting employees from sexual harassment and violence, their implementation and effects were found to be limited. Only half of the study population was aware of the existing regulations. The study found that the majority of public servants who had knowledge on the issue had learned about sexual harassment in the context of an HIV/AIDS workplace program. This finding indicates that well-designed workplace interventions can play an important role in creating awareness, addressing gender stereotypes, and informing employees about their personal rights and responsibilities. Originality/value Sexual harassment and gender-based violence at the workplace has never been studied before in Tanzania. The study provides practical recommendations for future preventive interventions.
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List, Katrin. "Gender-Based Violence Against Female Students in European University Settings." International Annals of Criminology 55, no. 2 (November 2017): 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cri.2018.1.
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AbstractDue to their age and lifestyle, female students in general are at an increased risk of various forms of sexual violence. Particular sociocultural contexts also form the background of gender-based violence in professional and academic structures. Yet despite institutional and legal efforts to protect (potential) survivors of sexual violence from primary (and secondary) victimization, persistent assaults demonstrate the reluctance of organizations and individuals to fully accept women’s experiences as being physically and psychologically harmful. Based on quantitative and qualitative data obtained in the context of the European research project “Gender-Based Violence, Stalking and Fear of Crime”,1 this article presents a comparative analysis of the prevalence of sexual violence, feelings of safety (or a lack thereof) and the reasons for (non-)disclosure for five European countries. A dataset of about 21,000 responses from German, British, Italian, Spanish and Polish students indicates that sexualized violence is a major problem at universities and that it has yet to be recognized as such. This – added to the fact that it is generally suppressed or concealed by universities – makes it society’s problem as well. The article discusses widespread social myths about victims and perpetrators, the role of the new media in victimization, and the issues of universities’ responsibility for their students (through institutional policy and specific responses to incidents of gender-based violence). The results presented here demonstrate the contradictory perceptions that students have in regard to their experiences and the nature of sexualized violence in an academic environment.
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Abelson, Anna, Carrie Lyons, Michele Decker, Sosthenes Ketende, Iliassou Mfochive Njindam, Ghislaine Fouda, Flavien Ndonko, et al. "Lifetime experiences of gender-based violence, depression and condom use among female sex workers in Cameroon." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 65, no. 6 (June 24, 2019): 445–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764019858646.
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Background: In general populations, consistent data highlight the relationships among violence, HIV risk behavior and depression; however, these patterns are not well understood among female sex workers (FSWs). We examined the relationship between FSWs’ experiences with sexual violence and consistent condom use as a key HIV risk behavior and explored mental health as a potential mediator. Methods: In total, 2,165 FSWs were recruited via respondent-driven sampling in Cameroon in 2016. The women answered questions about violence, condom use and mental health. Results: Inconsistent condom use with clients was reported by 23.5% of participants (508/2,165). Lifetime sexual violence was prevalent with 33.0% (713/2,163) of participants. Almost 50% (1,067/2,143) of respondents had some level of depression. Sexual violence was significantly associated with inconsistent condom use (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.2–1.6)). Of FSWs with no depression, 24.9% (267/1,071) reported sexual violence, versus 56.1% (32/57) of respondents with severe depression ( p < .01). Severe depression significantly increased risk of condomless sex (aRR 1.8, 95% CI (1.3–2.6)); in mediation analysis, both sexual violence and severe depression remained significant predictors of condomless sex (aRR 1.4, 95% CI (1.2, 1.6) and aRR 1.7, 95% CI (1.2–2.4), respectively). Depression did not mediate the relationship between sexual violence and condom use. Conclusion: Sexual violence and depression are prevalent and independently associated with condom nonuse with clients among FSWs in Cameroon. Results highlight the need for interventions to address mental health as well as gender-based violence for FSWs.
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Jatmiko, Mochamad Iqbal, Muh Syukron, and Yesi Mekarsari. "Covid-19, Harassment and Social Media: A Study of Gender-Based Violence Facilitated by Technology During the Pandemic." Journal of Society and Media 4, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jsm.v4n2.p319-347.
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The transition of all individual activities in the home gives rise to two forms of violence against women, such as domestic violence and online sexual violence. Specifically, this article argues that independent quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic has shifted the orientation of community sexual violence to technology-facilitated sexual abuse. Social media networks become a trajectory of changes in sexual violence that was initially physical into online sexual violence. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach to understanding the phenomenon of online sexual violence. The data presented here refer to the experiences of four survivors with different backgrounds and stories. The results show that technology has facilitated digital abuse, which impacts a series of dangerous behaviors experienced in social media. Women, as part of social media users, are very vulnerable to experiencing online sexual violence from personal relationships, boyfriend, friendship, and relatives. Space and time in the real world folded in such a way as to provide opportunities for the reality of virtual networks to become a realm of gender-based violence. At the same time, the neutrality of social media then turns into a means of supporting gender inequality
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Madinah (PhD), Nabukeera. "The Gender Issues in Uganda: An Analysis of Gender-Based Violence, Asset Ownership and Employment in Uganda." Urban Studies and Public Administration 3, no. 3 (July 23, 2020): p131. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/uspa.v3n3p131.
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This manuscript analyzed Gender disparities in Uganda including asset ownership and employment as well as Sexual and Gender Based Violence (SGBV) and their persistence in Uganda. The study used a descriptive design with secondary data obtained from Uganda Bureau of Statistics-UBOS (2019). The study established that women are going through a lot of physical and sexual violence, and few of them are owning assets in spite of the efforts made by Government of Uganda and development partners. The study recommended need to increase on awareness in order to fight gender discrimination within the Uganda.
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Ouis, Pernilla. "Honourable Traditions? Honour Violence, Early Marriage and Sexual Abuse of Teenage Girls in Lebanon, the Occupied Palestinian Territories and Yemen." International Journal of Children's Rights 17, no. 3 (2009): 445–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181808x389911.
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AbstractGirls in the Middle East are often exposed to serious violations of their rights as set out in the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child; these violations are particularly evident in the field of gender-based sexual discrimination and violence. The project described in this article attempts to produce a situation analysis of the exposure to sexual violence of girls aged 12-18 in three countries: Lebanon, The Occupied Palestinian Territories (the OPT) and Yemen. The article focuses on three particular types of gender-based sexual violence against teenage girls, namely honour violence, early marriages, and sexual abuse. The methods applied in the research were Focus Groups Discussions (FGDs) with about 8-12 participants in each FGD. In addition to the FGDs, life stories were also collected. The project emphasised the experiences and opinions of girls regarding the three types of sexual violence listed above. 384 teenagers participated in FGDs to express their views and experiences on sexual violence and more than thirty life stories were collected. The article explores how honour violence, early marriages, and sexual abuse are violations of the CRC and analyses the particular cultural mechanisms that underlie this gender-based sexual violence in the Middle East.
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Aroussi, Sahla. "Women, Peace, and Security and the DRC: Time to Rethink Wartime Sexual Violence as Gender-Based Violence?" Politics & Gender 13, no. 03 (July 21, 2016): 488–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x16000489.
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During armed conflicts, women experience extensive gender harm of a physical, sexual, legal, economic, social, cultural, and political nature. Recently, however, we have witnessed unprecedented attention in international law and policy-making arenas to the specific issue of sexual violence as a strategy of warfare. This has been particularly obvious in the agenda on women, peace, and security. Since 2008, the United Nations agenda has increasingly and repeatedly focused on sexual violence in armed conflicts in several Security Council resolutions, calling on and pressuring member states and international agencies to address this issue using militaristic and legalistic strategies. In this article, looking particularly at the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), I argue that the prioritization of sexual harm over other forms of gender harm has had a detrimental impact on women living in aid-dependent societies, and the international obsession with sexual harm has delivered neither justice nor security for victims in the DRC. The article concludes that in order to effectively address sexual violence, we have to rethink sexual harm as gender harm and start listening and responding to women's actual needs and priorities on the ground.
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Henry, Nicola, and Anastasia Powell. "Technology-Facilitated Sexual Violence: A Literature Review of Empirical Research." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 19, no. 2 (June 16, 2016): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838016650189.
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Technology-facilitated sexual violence (TFSV) refers to a range of behaviors where digital technologies are used to facilitate both virtual and face-to-face sexually based harms. Such behaviors include online sexual harassment, gender- and sexuality-based harassment, cyberstalking, image-based sexual exploitation, and the use of a carriage service to coerce a victim into an unwanted sexual act. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on these different dimensions, drawing on existing empirical studies. While there is a growing body of research into technology-facilitated harms perpetrated against children and adolescents, there is a dearth of qualitative and quantitative research on TFSV against adults. Moreover, few of the existing studies provide reliable data on the nature, scope, and impacts of TFSV. Preliminary studies, however, indicate that some harms, much like sexual violence more broadly, may be predominantly gender-, sexuality-, and age-based, with young women being overrepresented as victims in some categories. This review collects the empirical evidence to date regarding the prevalence and gender-based nature of TFSV against adults and discusses the implications for policy and programs, as well as suggestions for future research.
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Kavanagh, Emma, Chelsea Litchfield, and Jaquelyn Osborne. "Sporting Women and Social Media: Sexualization, Misogyny, and Gender-Based Violence in Online Spaces." International Journal of Sport Communication 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 552–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2019-0079.
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This study investigated gender-based violence targeting high-profile women in virtual environments through the case of women’s tennis. Using a netnographic approach and the lens of third-wave feminism, 2 popular social media platforms (Facebook and Twitter) were analyzed to examine social commentary and fan interaction surrounding the top-5-seeded female tennis players during the Wimbledon Tennis Championships. Athletes were exposed to violent interactions in a number of ways. Four themes were identified through data analysis: threats of physical violence, sexualization that focused on the female physical appearance, sexualization that expressed desire and/or proposed physical or sexual contact, and sexualization that was vile, explicit, and threateningly violent in a sexual or misogynistic manner. Findings demonstrate how social media provides a space for unregulated gender-based cyberhate targeting high-profile women in their workplace in a way that traditional sport media does not.
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Philpart, Marc, Miruts Goshu, Bizu Gelaye, Michelle A. Williams, and Yemane Berhane. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Gender-Based Violence Committed by Male College Students in Awassa, Ethiopia." Violence and Victims 24, no. 1 (February 2009): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.24.1.122.
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We sought to determine the prevalence and risk factors for the perpetration of gender-based violence among 1,378 male undergraduate students in Awassa, Ethiopia. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information. Nearly a quarter (24.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 22.1–26.7) of students admitted perpetrating acts of gender-based violence during the current academic year. Approximately 15.8% (95% CI 13.7–17.9) of students reported physically abusing, and 16.9% (95% CI 14.8–19.0) reported committing acts of sexual violence against an intimate partner or nonpartner. Alcohol consumption, khat use (Catha edulis, a natural stimulant), combined use of alcohol and khat, and witnessing parental violence were risk factors for committing gender-based violent acts. These findings suggest an obvious need for effective prevention programs targeted toward changing social norms on the use of violence.
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Alma, Eileen. "Commentary: Women’s Empowerment and Addressing Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in the DRC." Allons-y: Journal of Children, Peace and Security 3 (March 29, 2020): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/allons-y.v3i0.10061.
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In the last two years, ethnically motivated sexual and gender-based violence rose in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a country marked with ethnic-based tensions and conflict over the control of its extractive industries over decades. According to the 2018 Report of the United Nations Secretary General to the United Nations, sexualized violence cases emerged and spread in several provinces in 2017 with at least 804 cases of conflict-related sexual violence in this period, affecting 507 women, 265 girls, 30 men and 2 boys. Despite progress by the international community actors to end these abhorrent practices, this marks a significant increase from the previous year and the delay in national elections has exacerbated conflict. Both non-state actors and state actors are identified perpetrators of sexual violence, including the Congolese National Police.
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Russell, Diana E. H. "Politicizing Sexual Violence:." Women & Therapy 17, no. 3-4 (December 28, 1995): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j015v17n03_16.
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Shadle, Brett. "The Politics and Histories of Sexual and Gender Based Violence." Journal of Women's History 26, no. 1 (2014): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2014.0018.
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Khan, H. E. Nazhat Shameem. "Sexual and gender-based violence in natural disasters: emerging norms." Commonwealth Law Bulletin 42, no. 3 (July 2, 2016): 460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050718.2016.1262494.
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Colombini, Manuela. "Gender-based and Sexual Violence against Women during Armed Conflict." Journal of Health Management 4, no. 2 (October 2002): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097206340200400206.
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Pacheco-Salazar, Berenice, and Julián López-Yáñez. ""Ella lo provocó": el enfoque de género en la comprensión de la violencia escolar." Revista de Investigación Educativa 37, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/rie.37.2.321371.
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El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la presencia de los estereotipos de género en las dinámicas de violencia escolar. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con diseño cualitativo en dos centros educativos en República Dominicana, a partir de una muestra de 604 estudiantes entre 9 y 16 años. Las técnicas de levantamiento de información fueron talleres lúdicos-creativos, grupos focales y observación no participante.
Los resultados evidencian que el arraigo a los roles estereotipados de género se constituye en un perpetuador de la violencia escolar. Esto se expresa en la violencia verbal y física y, de manera aún más dramática, en la violencia sexual, de la cual las alumnas siempre son las principales víctimas. Además, la socialización diferenciada produce que manifestaciones de violencia de género en la escuela sean invisibilizadas.
Los hallazgos plantean la necesidad de formar a estudiantes en igualdad de género y educación afectivo-sexual, e integrar el enfoque de género y la coeducación en el desarrollo profesional docente a fin de que los centros educativos puedan desarrollar un abordaje preventivo y no reduccionista de la violencia escolar. The aim of this research is to analyze the presence of gender stereotypes in the dynamics of school violence. A descriptive study with qualitative design was carried out in two schools in the Dominican Republic, from a sample of 604 students between the ages 9 to 16 years old. The information-gathering techniques included creative play workshops, focus groups, and non-participant observation.
The results demonstrate that the deeply-rooted gender stereotypes constitute a perpetuating support of school violence. This is expressed in verbal and physical violence and, even more severely, in sexual violence, of which female students are always the main victims. Furthermore, differentiated socialization renders manifestations of gender violence in school invisible.
These findings raise the need to train students in gender equality and affective-sexual education, and to integrate a gender-based approach in the professional development of teachers in order to achieve a preventive approach to school violence.
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Davies, Sara E., and Jacqui True. "Reframing conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence: Bringing gender analysis back in." Security Dialogue 46, no. 6 (October 19, 2015): 495–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010615601389.
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Kravetz, Daniela. "Accountability for Sexual and Gender-based Violence During Mass Repression and in Conflict." Journal of International Criminal Justice 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 307–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqaa025.
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Abstract This article examines how national courts in Argentina and Guatemala are applying the international criminal law framework to address sexual violence perpetrated during mass repression and in conflict. It focuses on the emerging domestic jurisprudence in both countries and explores the challenges to prosecuting sexual and gender-based violence at the domestic level and the lessons learned from these experiences.
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Kumar, Navin, Kamila Janmohamed, Kate Nyhan, Laura Forastiere, Wei-Hong Zhang, Anna Kågesten, Maximiliane Uhlich, et al. "Sexual health (excluding reproductive health, intimate partner violence and gender-based violence) and COVID-19: a scoping review." Sexually Transmitted Infections 97, no. 6 (March 29, 2021): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2020-054896.
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ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health disparities, including disparities in sexual health and well-being. While there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and population health disparities generally—including some with attention to HIV—none has focused on sexual health (ie, STI care, female sexual health, sexual behaviour). We have conducted a scoping review focused on sexual health (excluding reproductive health (RH), intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender-based violence (GBV)) in the COVID-19 era, examining sexual behaviours and sexual health outcomes.MethodsA scoping review, compiling both peer-reviewed and grey literature, focused on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and COVID-19 was conducted on 15 September 2020. Multiple bibliographical databases were searched. Study selection conformed to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers’ Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. We only included English-language original studies.ResultsWe found that men who have sex with men may be moving back toward pre-pandemic levels of sexual activity, and that STI and HIV testing rates seem to have decreased. There was minimal focus on outcomes such as the economic impact on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and STI care, especially STI care of marginalised populations. In terms of population groups, there was limited focus on sex workers or on women, especially women’s sexual behaviour and mental health. We noticed limited use of qualitative techniques. Very few studies were in low/middle-income countries (LMICs).ConclusionsSexual health research is critical during a global infectious disease pandemic and our review of studies suggested notable research gaps. Researchers can focus efforts on LMICs and under-researched topics within sexual health and explore the use of qualitative techniques and interventions where appropriate.
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Miller, Elizabeth. "Reclaiming Gender and Power in Sexual Violence Prevention in Adolescence." Violence Against Women 24, no. 15 (March 15, 2018): 1785–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801217753323.
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The Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) model seeks to address the root causes of gender violence using a bystander approach and leadership training to challenge structures of patriarchy. Emerging research on adolescent relationship abuse and sexual violence points to key modifiable targets—transforming gender norms, addressing homophobia, integrating with comprehensive sexuality education, and acknowledging the needs of youth already exposed to violence. A social justice–based bystander approach such as the MVP model should be part of a multi-level approach to sexual violence prevention that addresses gender and power, encourages healthy sexuality conversations, and provides safety and support for survivors.
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Gambhir, Sunil, Akash Deep Aggarwal, Aatika Mahajan, and Ritu Setiya. "A Two-Year Experience of Gender-Based Violence at a Pioneer One Stop Crisis Center: Sukoon." Academic Forensic Pathology 9, no. 3-4 (September 2019): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1925362119892248.
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This paper examines violence against women, with a special focus on domestic violence, along with sexual violence and sexual assault, in multidimensional perspective for the period of two years so as to understand its magnitude and its impact on the rights of women in the northern part of India. Among all such cases, there were 57.2% cases of domestic violence, 20.3% cases of sexual violence and sexual assault, 17.8% cases of attempted poisoning, 1.5% cases of homicidal burns, and 1.2% cases of attempted suicide. The greatest number of cases was recorded during the spring, followed by summer. It was observed that the greatest number of cases (60.24%) was recorded under the homemaker (housewife) category of women followed by the working category (26.80%). The greatest number of cases is seen in the age group of 20 to 30 years (42.77%), followed by the age group of 30 to 40 years (23.49%). A slightly higher number of cases (51.20%) was reported from rural areas. The greatest number of cases was recorded under the domestic violence category. The second highest percentage of cases reported involved sexual violence and sexual assault. The greatest number of married cases had a duration of zero to ten years (43.37%), followed by the unmarried category (19.87%). With reference to duration of violence, the greatest number of cases is seen in the age group of zero to six months (32.53%). The greatest number of cases is seen under the no child category (40.96%). Regarding the alleged perpetrator, the greatest number of cases is seen under the husband category (23.79%), followed by unknown category (22.28%).
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Venegas, Mar. "EDUCAR LAS RELACIONES AFECTIVOSEXUALES, PREVENIR LAS DIFERENTES FORMAS DE VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO." Trabajo Social Global-Global Social Work 1, no. 2 (December 24, 2010): 162–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/tsg-gsw.v1i2.909.
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Las diversas formas que adopta la violencia de género continúan siendo, todavía en esta primera década del siglo XXI, uno de los problemas más flagrantes de toda sociedad. Para su erradicación, resulta imprescindible el trabajo de intervención mediante la educación afectivosexual. Ésa es la tesis que defiendo en este artículo y que ilustro mediante una experiencia a caballo entre la investigación sociológica y la acción educativa: un taller para prevenir las violencias de género inserto en un curso de educación afectivosexual con adolescentes. De este modo, pretendo dar cobertura a dos objetivos: describir y reflexionar sobre un ejemplo de intervención educativa para prevenir la violencia de género en adolescentes y, partiendo de ello, defender la educación afectivosexual como herramienta fundamental para contribuir a la formación de relaciones afectivosexuales entre adolescentes basadas en dos principios inseparables: la igualdad y la no violencia sexual y de género. The different kinds that gender violence adopts keep on being one of the most flagrant problems of any society even at the beginning of the 21st century. In order to eradicate it, it becomes crucial the work of intervention through sexual-affective education. This is the thesis I defend in this paper, which I will illustrate by means of an experience between sociological research and educational action: a workshop for the prevention of gender violences within a course of sexual-affective education for adolescents. Thereby, I will try to cover two objectives: to describe and to reflect on an example of educational intervention to prevent gender violence in adolescents and, starting from it, to defend sexual-affective education as a fundamental tool in contributing to the formation of sexual-affective relations among adolescents based on two inseparable premises: sexual and gender equality and noviolence.
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Maphosa, Ropafadzo. "The Unreported War: Tackling Denialism and Social Stigma towards Victims of Armed Conflict-Related Sexual and Gender-Based Violence." Stellenbosch Law Review 32, no. 1 (2021): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/slr/v32/i1a7.
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In addressing the United Nations Security Council at its 7938th meeting, the Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, Adama Dieng, said that the social stigma attached to sexual violence is integral to the logic of using sexual violence as a tactic, a method of war or even torture. The perpetrators of sexual crimes understand that sexual violence attacks one’s individual and collective identity and ostracises survivors, thus untying the strings of family and kinship that hold the very fabric of communities together. As a result, survivors of gender-based and sexual violence often find it difficult to cope with its social repercussions. This article will pursue a detailed discussion pertaining to the severe stigma suffered by survivors of conflict-related sexual violence and how this issue is not adequately addressed in international law. The risk faced by survivors is threefold: first by the action of the perpetrator, then by the reaction of society through stereotypical and patriarchal attitudes, and finally by the courts, which often are not only unresponsive but also perpetuate negative social norms and rape myths leading to double persecution. Due to a lack of evidence and other factors, such as patriarchy and social inequalities, the stigma associated with conflict-related sexual violence is manifested in court rooms through various rape myths about its survivors. Sexual violence is a gendered phenomenon, in that it is often linked to, and stems from, harmful social and traditional practices relating to perceptions of gender and power dynamics surrounding them. In times of conflict, prevalent power dynamics, and the practices linked to them, can be further exacerbated leading to a higher prevalence of sexual violence. Therefore, the core argument advanced in this article is the necessity of combatting stigma and rape myths, and to promote the reporting of sexual crimes by and access to justice for survivors.
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Guevara Osorio, Saray. "¿Por qué aún la violencia de género? Una respuesta conceptual a la persecución contra quienes no caben en las categorías “hombre” o “mujer”." La Manzana de la Discordia 8, no. 1 (March 29, 2016): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/lamanzanadeladiscordia.v8i1.1551.
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Resumen: En el presente artículo indago sobre el fenó- meno de la violencia y lo analizo en su estructura fun- cional y conceptual con el propósito de continuar la deconstrucción que hacen el feminismo y la teoría de género, entendiendo por género la amplitud de la dife- rencia sexual, es decir, las múltiples formas der darse el ser sexual. Evidencio dicho fenómeno de la violencia como causa a la vez que efecto del orden simbólico, so- cial, económico, político y cultural de Occidente. Es así como expongo la violencia como resultado de la funda- mentación conceptual de la categorización del mundo sexual, producto a su vez de la bipolaridad extrema de la categoría de lo humano; visibilizando así, una repro- ducción esquemática que legitima el ejercicio pleno de la violencia en su amplitud conceptual, pero que designa como blancos, a cuerpos precisos.Palabras claves: violencia, diferencia humana, sexo, género, deconstrucción.Why Still Gender Violence? A Conceptual Answer to Persecution against Those Who Do Not Fit into the Categories of Man or Woman Abstract: In the present article I analyze the phenomenon of violence, its functional and conceptual structure, in order to further the deconstruction operated by feminism and gender theory, understanding gender as the full gamut of sexual difference, i.e. the many forms taken by sexual being. The phenomenon of violence is evidenced as both cause and effect of the symbolic order in the West, in its social, economic, political and cultural aspects. Thus I present violence as a result of the conceptual basis for the categorization of the sexual world, due in turn to the extreme bipolarity of the category of the human, thereby making visible a schematic reproduction that fully legitimates violence in its conceptual scope, but which designates specific bodies as its targets.Keywords: violence, human difference, sex, gender, deconstruction.
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Woldegiyoirgis, Ayenachew. "Sexual Violence in Ethiopian Higher Education." International Higher Education 94 (June 11, 2018): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2018.0.10556.
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Several studies have shown the shocking extent of sexual violence in the Ethiopian higher education. Situated in the deep-rooted culture of gender bias, the problem is both at institutional and systemic levels. This article proposes a peer-based alternative that empowers students as bystanders in fighting sexual violence on campus.
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Woldegiyoirgis, Ayenachew. "Sexual Violence in Ethiopian Higher Education." International Higher Education 94 (June 11, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2018.94.1051.
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Several studies have shown the shocking extent of sexual violence in the Ethiopian higher education. Situated in the deep-rooted culture of gender bias, the problem is both at institutional and systemic levels. This article proposes a peer-based alternative that empowers students as bystanders in fighting sexual violence on campus.
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Sosialita, Tiara Diah. "Sexual Violence towards Men: Sexual Violence Judging from Individual Factors of Victims." PSIKODIMENSIA 18, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/psidim.v18i1.1773.
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This study aims to explore the gender characteristics of the victims of sexual violence, so thatcomprehensive understanding about determinants of sexual violence can be obtained. Gender characteristics allow society to evaluate gender as part of their social role that is devised and related to particular public view that men are seen as an individual with more physical strength and responsibility than women in many various contexts. This study involved five men as victims of sexual violence whom experienced it by their partner in context of intimate relationship. Data collecting used Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) questionnaire within in-depth interview. Result of this study was useful to provide a comprehensive description of mental dynamics according to the occurence of sexual violence. An understanding of sexual violence predictors was expected to reveal the phenomena of sexual violence towards men whereas lack of awareness in our society. Thus, considering the mental dynamics of sexual violence victim was headed us to be able to repeal the stigma related men and masculinity term. Result also revealed that sexual violence have been affected their identity and sexual activities. As the fact about this study, the existence of support system around them was an important help for them to deal and heal their conditon.
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Akurut, Catherine. "Examining the Appropriateness of Gender-Inclusion as a Humanitarian Response Mechanism for Conflict-Related Sexual Violence against Men." Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.050.
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This review examines the appropriateness of including men within the existing sexual and gender-based violence programming in armed conflict settings rather than providing services explicitly designed to address their needs. A central premise of the paper is that men experience sexual violence differently to women and that the way they seek help also varies. This gender-specific difference calls into question why humanitarian organisations pursue a ‘gender-inclusion’ approach, which simply extends services designed for women to men. There is a need to reconsider this approach, and specifically its implementation. The paper reviews relevant secondary sources and argues that current practices of sexual and gender-based violence programming fail to translate into actionable responses suited for and sensitive to men.
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Bukuluki, Paul, John David Kisuule, Alex Bagabo Makerere, Berit Schei, and Johanne Sundby. "Perceptions of the Drivers of Sexual and Gender Based Violence in Post Conflict Northern Uganda." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 10 (September 2013): 84–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.10.84.
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This paper explores the perceived forms and drivers of sexual and gender based violence in post conflict settings with focus on Northern Uganda. It applied qualitative approaches primarily using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Study findings revealed that although all forms of violence are perceived to be prevalent, physical and emotional violence were perceived to be the most occurring. Men were perceived to be the main perpetrators of violence. However, there were cases of men who reported to experience violence from women. Few men reported violence to authorities because it was perceived to be stigmatizing; such men would be perceived as weak in a patriarchal society that perceives ideal men to be strong and less susceptible to physical, emotional and sexual abuse. Early marriages are a major form of gender based violence which was perceived as normal in a number of communities despite the evidence that it contributes to negative social and reproductive health outcomes . Sexual violence cases in form of rape, defilement as well as incest were perceived to be on the rise in the sub-region. The study identified several drivers of SGBV including poverty, power imbalances in access to and control over resources, insecurity, blaming HIV infection on female partners, HIV related stigma and discrimination, alcohol and substance abuse
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Schulz, Philipp. "Examining Male Wartime Rape Survivors’ Perspectives on Justice in Northern Uganda." Social & Legal Studies 29, no. 1 (January 6, 2019): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663918822158.
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This article examines how male survivors of wartime sexual violence in Northern Uganda conceptualize justice. Whereas recent years have witnessed increasing consideration for redressing conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence against women, specific attention to justice for male-directed sexual violence remains absent. Drawing on the empirically-grounded perspectives of 46 male survivors, this article incorporates the seldom-heard voices and perspectives of male wartime rape survivors into debates about justice in the context of sexual violence, thereby contributing towards a gender-inclusive and holistic understanding of gender justice debates. The findings underpinning this article demonstrate that male survivors’ justice priorities primarily centre around three interrelated themes: (a) justice as recognition, (b) government acknowledgement and (c) reparative justice. According to male survivors, these three aspects of justice imply the potential to respond to the misrecognition of male survivors’ experiences and to remedy their sexual and gendered harms in a reparative and gender-sensitive capacity.
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Peña Sánchez, Edith Yesenia, and Víctor Hugo Flores Ramírez. "Anthropological Appraisal in Gender and Sexual Violence Matters." Fuentes Humanísticas 32, no. 61 (December 6, 2020): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/uam/azc/dcsh/fh/2020v32n61/pena.
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