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de Graaf, Hanneke, Ine Vanwesenbeeck, Liesbeth Woertman, and Wim Meeus. "Parenting and Adolescents’ Sexual Development in Western Societies." European Psychologist 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000031.
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This review examines associations between parenting styles and the psychosexual development of adolescents. Methods and results of empirical studies of associations between parental support, control, and knowledge and the sexual behavior and sexual health of adolescents are described and evaluated. The results show that, in general, higher scores on support, control, and knowledge relate to a delay of first sexual intercourse, safer sexual practices, and higher sexual competence. Despite the vast amount of literature on this subject, the majority of these studies focus on single dimensions of parenting and unidirectional parenting influences. This review generates hypotheses regarding interactions of different parenting styles and reciprocal associations between parents and their children. There is a need for more dynamic, dialectical studies of parenting, and children’s sexual development.
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Dobson, F. Stephen, and John D. Wigginton. "Environmental influences on the sexual dimorphism in body size of western bobcats." Oecologia 108, no. 4 (December 1996): 610–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00329033.
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Kempińska, Urszula, and Mykola Rudenko. "Sexual culture of students in the educational space of higher education in Poland and Ukraine - research message." International Journal of Pedagogy, Innovation and New Technologies 6, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2876.
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One of the tasks of preventive medicine as part of sexual prophylaxis is to improve sexual culture. Sexual culture is the entirety of sexual life of a society that origins from magic, religion and ideology in its aesthetic, emotional, family and social manifestations. It permeates art, affects the law, creates its own myths, models of love, ars amandi, norms and customs serving as social rituals. The moral transformations taking place in all countries of the Western cultural area are manifested first of all by the loosening of traditional norms regulating sexual intercourse. Increasingly, researchers sensitize adults to the growing popularity of the so-called orgiastic sex, in which the escalation of sexual stimuli (influenced by alcohol and/or drugs) is associated with the lack of ethical standards and principles, which causes the preference of various atypical (eg. group sex) and deviant forms of sexual activity (eg. sadistic sex). The aim of the research presented in this study was to get to know the sexual culture of Polish and Ukrainian students. Research problems have focused on the following questions: What does the sexual culture mean for the respondents? How many times have the respondents betrayed their partner? How often do the respondents talk to their partners about sexual needs?
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Fulmer, Bachman, Sarah Fulmer, and Zeynep Can Ozer. "TrustUS: Cultural Influences on Ethical Decision Making." Journal of Business Ethics Education 16 (2019): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jbee20191612.
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This case study focuses on how divergent cultural norms can impact ethical decisionmaking between a superior and subordinate in a high-pressure workplace. In order to ensure that today’s business students (and tomorrow’s business leaders) adhere to the highest standards of ethical conduct in an international and multicultural environment, it is imperative they recognize and respond appropriately to different cultural views of ethics. In the accompanying case, Jane, a Chinese national living and working in the United States, encounters multiple ethical dilemmas during her employment at TrustUS. Readers are introduced to important cultural factors that differ between Eastern and Western societies (such as Power Distance and Collectivism) and are asked to apply these concepts to gain insight into how cultural background might influence the ethical decision making of a professional in a managerial accounting context.
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De Bruijne, A. L. Th. "Contouren van een christelijke seksuele ethiek." Theologia Reformata 62, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 349–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/5dc3e87a60efe.
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This essay outlines the contours for Christian sexual ethics in the context of late modern concept of ‘sexuality’ and the state of affairs in current Western culture. On theological-anthropological grounds the essay distinguishes between sex and eros and proposes a definition of sexuality; basic biblical-theological themes point to a Christological-eschatological approach, including a plea for ascetism and sexual selfdiscipline. The essay then discusses a number of practical-ethical topics, including sexuality in marriage, cohabitation, masturbation, transgenderism and homosexuality.
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Godoy, Eric S. "Sympathy for Cecil: using political ecology, ecofeminism, and animal ethics to understand western attitudes toward trophy hunting." Journal of Political Ecology 27, no. 1 (August 8, 2020): 759–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v27i1.23526.
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This article draws from political ecology, animal ethics, and ecofeminism to examine sympathy, expressed by record-breaking donation from North Americans, for the death of Cecil the Lion. Sympathy is disclosive insofar as it reveals, relies upon, and reinforces different forms of sexual, racial, and neocolonial domination; especially when western sympathy remains ignorant of the politics and histories of the power relations that shape attitudes toward non-human animals and their status as members in a moral community. When does nature appear as something to take care of rather than take care against?Keywords: sympathy, animal ethics, ecofeminism, big-game hunting, wildlife conservation, Cecil the Lion
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Wigginton, John D., and F. Stephen Dobson. "Environmental influences on geographic variation in body size of western bobcats." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 802–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-037.
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Hypotheses that explain geographic variation in body size were examined using cranial measurements of 950 bobcats (Lynx rufus) from western North America. Bobcats were divided into 25 geographic localities of similar habitats and landform (based on ecoregions). Principal component analyses were used to derive a single estimate of size from scores on the first principal component. Males and females were examined separately, because they were significantly dimorphic in body size and because sex and locality exhibited a significant interaction. We expected that female body size would best reflect environmental influences, because male size may be influenced by sexual selection. We found significant geographic variation in bobcat body size, with about 44% of the variation in males and 47% of the variation in females accounted for by comparison among the localities. We also found that variation in body size was associated with Bergmann's rule, as indicated by significant multiple regression of body size of males (R2 = 0.426) and females (R2 = 0.480) on latitude and elevation. Using correlation and regression analyses, we examined the association of body size with selected environmental variables that represent the classical physiological explanation of Bergmann's rule, James' moisture-humidity modification of Bergmann's rule, Rosenzweig's productivity hypothesis, and Boyce's seasonality hypothesis. Only the productivity hypothesis was not supported. The relative strengths of associations suggested, however, that James' modification was better supported than the classical explanation for Bergmann's rule. Path analyses permitted further discrimination of hypotheses, and only the seasonality hypothesis received significant support. As expected, this support was only evident for females. Path analysis may provide a tool for evaluating relative strengths of competing but correlated explanations of geographic variation.
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Lim, Megan S. C., Spring Cooper, Larissa Lewis, Kath Albury, Kon Shing Kenneth Chung, Deborah Bateson, Melissa Kang, and S. Rachel Skinner. "Prospective mixed methods study of online and offline social networks and the development of sexual agency in adolescence: the Social Networks and Agency Project (SNAP) protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 17, 2019): e024329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024329.
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IntroductionSocial media may play a role in adolescent sexual development. The limited research on social media use and sexual development has found both positive and negative influences. The focus of this study is on sexual agency: a positive sexual outcome. This paper describes the protocol for the Social Networks and Agency Project (SNAP) study which aims to examine the relationship between online and offline social networks and the development of healthy relationships and sexual agency in adolescence.Methods and analysisThe SNAP study is a mixed methods interdisciplinary longitudinal study. Over an 18-month period, adolescents aged 15–17 years at recruitment complete three questionnaires (including demographics, sexual behaviour, sexual agency and social networks); three in-depth interviews; and fortnightly online diaries describing their sexual behaviour and snapshots of their social networks that week. Longitudinal analyses will be used to describe changes in sexual behaviour and experiences over time, sexual agency, social media use, and social network patterns. Social network analysis will be used to capture relational data from which we will be able to construct sociograms from the respondent’s perspective. Interview data will be analysed both in relation to emergent themes (deploying a grounded theory approach), and from a cross-disciplinary perspective. This mixed method analysis will allow for comparisons across quantitative and qualitative data, for consistency and differences, and will enhance the robustness of data interpretation and conclusions drawn, as multiple data sources are triangulated.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee and the Family Planning New South Wales Ethics Committee. The study will provide comprehensive, prospective information on the social and sexual development of adolescents in the age of social media and findings will be disseminated through conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.
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Samura, Maximilianus Dasril, and Cempaka Sari. "ANALISIS PENGARUH MEDIA INTERNET TERHADAP PERILAKU PENYIMPANGAN SEKSUAL PADA REMAJA DI SMP NEGERI 4 TEBING TINGGI." Jurnal Penelitian Kebidanan & Kespro 2, no. 1 (October 31, 2019): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36656/jpk2r.v2i1.110.
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The progress of the application of internet media technology among teenagers makes teenagersspend a lot of time useless, so that few teenagers have experience changes in communication,ethics, and behavior, even increasing sexual deviance behavior. The purpose of this study was todetermine the effect of internet media on sexual deviance behavior in adolescents of SMP Negeri 4Tebing Tinggi in 2019. This type of research uses a cross-sectional method. The population in thisstudy was 90 students. The results show that there is an influence on the frequency of internetmedia usage on adolescent sexual deviation behavior. There is an effect of the duration of internetmedia usage on adolescent sexual deviation behavior. There is the influence of internet mediaaccess used on adolescent sexual deviation behavior, and the variable that most influences thebehavior of adolescent sexual deviation is the variable frequency of using internet media withprevalency ratio 3.501. It expected that adolescents do not use the facilities and internet mediatheir have for pornography. Besides, teenagers should be positive things in their spare time, suchas taking school extracurricular activities, exercising, or did good hobbies to avoid deviantbehavior.
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Marchenko, O. V. "Spiritual priorities of Orthodox business ethics: the contemporary Ukrainian context." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 27-28 (November 11, 2003): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2003.27-28.1462.
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The present state of our spirituality is a consequence of the influences of particular circumstances of life. Undoubtedly, the general changes in the social, political and economic orientations of society significantly influence the nature of the processes taking place in the spiritual sphere. The transition to the rails of market reforms, the affirmation of the principle of pragmatism as a kind of measure of the effectiveness of human life, the priority of economic values over others, including spiritual values, leads to a deepening crisis of spirituality, crisis of man. And in this connection M. Berdyaev's words appearing to warn him against uncritical perception of the values of Western civilization, which, incidentally, is quite characteristic of modern Ukrainian society, appear to be quite correct: the loss of the spiritual center. " And further: “The autonomy of economic life led to its dominance over the entire life of human communities. Mammonism has become the defining force of the age. ”
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Carter, D. S. G., and S. M. Carter. "Adolescent Receptivity to the Health Curriculum in Western Australian High Schools." Australian Journal of Education 39, no. 2 (August 1995): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494419503900206.
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Adolescents comprise a substantial proportion of the at risk population for sexually transmissible diseases and AIDS. They are also potentially amenable to the curricular influences of the high school. This study uses adolescents' perspectives and concerns regarding their sexuality and sexual relationships in which receptivity to the messages of health and sexuality curricula by adolescents provides the central focus for the investigation. The purpose was to investigate the question whether, given the same exposure to similar content and processes in sexuality education curricula in coeducational classrooms, differences in receptivity will occur between male and female high school students. It was found that, as the amount of sexuality education increased, the more receptive adolescents became to its content and processes, with females exhibiting higher receptivity than males.
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Shagar, Pravina Santhira, Caroline L. Donovan, Jennifer Boddy, Caley Tapp, Patricia Lee, and Neil Harris. "Body Dissatisfaction, Weight-Related Behaviours, and Health Behaviours: A Comparison Between Australian and Malaysian in Female Emerging Adults." Behaviour Change 38, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 148–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2021.9.
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AbstractThe presence of body dissatisfaction (BD) in non-Western countries is an important area of empirical enquiry. The results reflect collectivistic and individualistic cultures of Malaysians and Australians, respectively, whereby social approval, social acceptance, and cultural values are of high importance to Malaysians compared with the more liberal attitudes of Australians with respect to health behaviours. This study sought to compare: (1) Australian and Malaysian women on BD, thin ideal internalisation, sociocultural influences, problematic weight-related behaviours, and health behaviours; and (2) the degree to which BD is associated with health behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, and sexual behaviours) across the two cultures. Participants were 428 Australian females and 402 Malaysian females aged 18–25 years old. Australians had higher BD, thin ideal internalisation, family and media influences, restrained eating, and poorer health behaviours, while Malaysians had higher peer influence. There was no difference for bulimic behaviours across the two countries. BD was found to have an association with use of drugs, smoking, and sexual behaviours among Malaysian women, but not for Australian participants. The permeation of Western standards of the thin ideal due to increased industrialisation, Westernisation, and modernisation has brought about bulimic behaviours in Malaysian women, similar to that of Australian women.
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Samura, Maximilianus Dasril, and Cempaka Sari. "ANALISIS PENGARUH MEDIA INTERNET TERHADAP PERILAKU PENYIMPANGAN SEKSUAL PADA REMAJA DI SMP NEGERI 4 TEBING TINGGI." Jurnal Penelitian Kebidanan & Kespro 2, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36656/jpk2r.v2i1.209.
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The progress of the application of internet media technology among teenagers makes teenagers spend a lot of time useless, so that few teenagers have experience changes in communication, ethics, and behavior, even increasing sexual deviance behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of internet media on sexual deviance behavior in adolescents of SMP Negeri 4 Tebing Tinggi in 2019. This type of research uses a cross-sectional method. The population in this study was 90 students. The results show that there is an influence on the frequency of internet media usage on adolescent sexual deviation behavior. There is an effect of the duration of internet media usage on adolescent sexual deviation behavior. There is the influence of internet media access used on adolescent sexual deviation behavior, and the variable that most influences the behavior of adolescent sexual deviation is the variable frequency of using internet media with prevalency ratio 3.501. It expected that adolescents do not use the facilities and internet media their have for pornography. Besides, teenagers should be positive things in their spare time, such as taking school extracurricular activities, exercising, or did good hobbies to avoid deviant behavior.
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Coulson, G., A. M. MacFarlane, S. E. Parsons, and J. Cutter. "Evolution of sexual segregation in mammalian herbivores: kangaroos as marsupial models." Australian Journal of Zoology 54, no. 3 (2006): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo05062.
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Sexual segregation is best known in sexually dimorphic ungulates. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolution of sexual segregation in ungulates, but all are reducible to the influence of two factors: body size and sex-specific reproductive strategy. Definitive tests of these hypotheses are lacking in ungulates because these factors are confounded, all males being somewhat larger than females. Kangaroos represent a parallel radiation of terrestrial herbivores, but their populations are composed of a spectrum of adult body sizes, ranging from small males the same size as females to large males more than twice the size. We exploited this heteromorphism to assess the independent influences of size and sex in these ungulate analogues. We conducted a preliminary study of western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus) in north-western Victoria, Australia. Adult males predominately occupied grassland habitat, whereas females occurred mostly in lakebed, woodland and shrubland. Single-sex groups occurred more often than expected during the non-mating season. The diet of large males had the highest proportion of grass, and females had the least. These initial results indicate that both size and sex influence segregation in this species, confirming the worth of kangaroos as marsupial models for research into the evolution of sexual segregation.
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MacFarlane, Abigail M., and Graeme Coulson. "Synchrony and timing of breeding influences sexual segregation in western grey and red kangaroos ( Macropus fuliginosus and M. rufus )." Journal of Zoology 267, no. 04 (November 29, 2005): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952836905007636.
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Scherer, Burkhard. "Macho Buddhism: Gender and Sexualities in the Diamond Way." Religion and Gender 1, no. 1 (February 19, 2011): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18785417-00101005.
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Western Tibetan Buddhist movements have been described as bourgeois and puritanical in previous scholarship. In contrast, Ole Nydahl’s convert lay Karma Kagyu Buddhist movement, the Diamond Way, has drawn attention for its apparently hedonistic style. This article addresses the wider issues of continuity and change during the transition of Tibetan Buddhism from Asia to the West. It analyses views on and performances of gender, sexual ethics and sexualities both diachronically through textual-historical source and discourse analysis and synchronically through qualitative ethnography. In this way the article demonstrates how the approaches of contemporary gender and sexualities studies can serve as a way to question the Diamond Way Buddhism’s location in the ‘tradition vs modernity’ debate. Nydahl’s pre-modern gender stereotyping, the hetero-machismo of the Diamond Way and the mildly homophobic tone and content of Nydahl’s teaching are interpreted in light of Indian and Tibetan Buddhist sexual ethics and traditional Tibetan cultural attitudes on sexualities. By excavating the emic genealogy of Nydahl’s teachings, the article suggests that Nydahl’s and the Diamond Way’s view on and performance of gender and sexualities are consistent with his propagation of convert Buddhist neo-orthodoxy.
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Stevens, Vidar. "The Silent Topic of Sexual Child Abuse in Sports in the Academic Literature: How Network Governance, Public Branding, and Design-Oriented Public Administration Provide Avenues for Future Research." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 9, no. 3 (September 10, 2019): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v9i3.15219.
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In recent years, the topic of sexual child abuse in sports has become a topical issue on the political agenda of many Western countries. Remarkably, where governments have undertaken new policy steps to get a hold on the issue of sexual child abuse in sports, the issue has been a silent topic in the academic literature. Up until 2010, several scholarly articles have been devoted to the topic. Since then, the amount of publications has risen to over one hundred articles, with publication peaks in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018. The articles come from different academic disciplines ranging from psychology and criminology to sport sciences, sociology and sport ethics. Given the urgency and relevance of the topic and the immaturity of the research field, we believe it is time to summarize the current literature and propose future directions in such a way that new scientific insights can be of added value to governments’ efforts to decrease the amount of child victims of sexual abuse in sport contexts.
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Archer, John. "Does sexual selection explain human sex differences in aggression?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, no. 3-4 (August 2009): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x09990951.
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AbstractI argue that the magnitude and nature of sex differences in aggression, their development, causation, and variability, can be better explained by sexual selection than by the alternative biosocial version of social role theory. Thus, sex differences in physical aggression increase with the degree of risk, occur early in life, peak in young adulthood, and are likely to be mediated by greater male impulsiveness, and greater female fear of physical danger. Male variability in physical aggression is consistent with an alternative life history perspective, and context-dependent variability with responses to reproductive competition, although some variability follows the internal and external influences of social roles. Other sex differences, in variance in reproductive output, threat displays, size and strength, maturation rates, and mortality and conception rates, all indicate that male aggression is part of a sexually selected adaptive complex. Physical aggression between partners can be explained using different evolutionary principles, arising from the conflicts of interest between males and females entering a reproductive alliance, combined with variability following differences in societal gender roles. In this case, social roles are particularly important since they enable both the relatively equality in physical aggression between partners from Western nations, and the considerable cross-national variability, to be explained.
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Klupt, M. "International Dimension of Population Policy." World Economy and International Relations, no. 8 (2015): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-8-5-13.
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Change in political, cultural and financial dimensions of international population agenda over the last half century is considered. Cross-country comparisons reveal path dependence phenomenon. France, where “Malthusian spirit” was long castigated, contributed a lower share of its GDP to international family planning programs than did the US and UK, where Malthusianism always found political support. The controversies over the usage of Kemp–Kasten amendment influenced the structure of the US international population assistance rather than its total volume. Religious NGOs went on international population arena in the 2000s and polarized its non-governmental segment. These NGOs defend the traditional family and declare full respect for national religious and ethical values; their position has some coincidence points with Russia’s standpoint in the UN population debates. The reasons for increasing disagreements between Russia and the West over the key items of both international and Russian domestic population agenda are reviewed. At least 80 per cent of Russians, as the surveys show, believe that the government must strive for fertility growth. Russia’s state-run demographic policy, underlain by this vox populi and aimed at fertility increase, discords with the Western international agenda, which prioritizes the global governance, sexual rights and sexual education of youth. Despite the gloomy UN projection (the 2000 Revision) which predicted shrinking of Russia’s population size to 133.0 million in 2015, it achieved 146.3 Million (including 2.3 Million in Crimea). Nevertheless, most of Western experts argue that the “wrong” Russian demographic policy cannot give positive effect. Given this values’ divide, it would be reasonable to intensify coordination between Russia and other BRICS countries in international population debates and to move cooperation with the West to the issues which are not overloaded by the conflicts of values.
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Cole, Clare, Sally Wellard, and Jane Mummery. "Problematising autonomy and advocacy in nursing." Nursing Ethics 21, no. 5 (January 7, 2014): 576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733013511362.
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Customarily patient advocacy is argued to be an essential part of nursing, and this is reinforced in contemporary nursing codes of conduct, as well as codes of ethics and competency standards governing practice. However, the role of the nurse as an advocate is not clearly understood. Autonomy is a key concept in understanding advocacy, but traditional views of individual autonomy can be argued as being outdated and misguided in nursing. Instead, the feminist perspective of relational autonomy is arguably more relevant within the context of advocacy and nurses’ work in clinical healthcare settings. This article serves to highlight and problematise some of the assumptions and influences around the perceived role of the nurse as an advocate for patients in contemporary Western healthcare systems by focusing on key assumptions concerning autonomy inherent in the role of the advocate.
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Karantonis, Pamela. "Takarazuka is burning: music theatre and the performance of sexual and gender identities in modern Japan." Studies in Musical Theatre 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2007): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/smt.1.2.153_1.
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The Takarazuka Revue, an all-female music theatre troupe founded in 1913 as the flagship of an elite performance academy, with its ultimate interest in Broadway musicals and western music, theatre and dance influences, is an unlikely foil for its male antecedent,kabuki. Like the ongoing revival ofkabuki, there had been an ideological as well as entrepreneurial impetus behind the Revue's creation, which reflected changes in the nature of popular entertainment in Japan. Kobayashi Ichiz, the founder of the Takarazuka Revue, claimed that Japan needed a new form of national theatre that was based in popular culture orkokumingeki, an entertainment for the masses in the style ofkabukiin that it was to feature dance and music. What Kobayashi could not foresee was that the Takarazuka Revue would grow into quite the opposite a cult-status entertainment for its enduring fandom of housewives and fanatical teenage girls.
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Fan, M. S., J. H. Hong, M. L. Ng, L. K. C. Lee, P. K. Lui, and Y. H. Choy. "Western Influences on Chinese Sexuality: Insights from a Comparison of the Sexual Behavior and Attitudes of Shanghai and Hong Kong Freshmen at Universities." Journal of Sex Education and Therapy 21, no. 3 (September 1995): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01614576.1995.11074148.
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Amarello, Melissa, Erika M. Nowak, Emily N. Taylor, Gordon W. Schuett, Roger A. Repp, Philip C. Rosen, and David L. Hardy. "Potential environmental influences on variation in body size and sexual size dimorphism among Arizona populations of the western diamond-backed rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox)." Journal of Arid Environments 74, no. 11 (November 2010): 1443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2010.05.019.
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Mohamad, Maznah. "Sex Manuals in Malay Manuscripts as Another Transcript of Gender Relations." Religions 12, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12050368.
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This article interprets the narratives of sex manuals produced within the Malay-Indonesian archipelago before the coming of Western colonialism and the dawn of postcolonial Islamic resurgence. In the collection of Malaysian libraries and museums, these manuscripts are largely classified as Kitab Jimak and Kitab Tib. They are all written in the Malay language with indigenous references, though the contents are likely derived from a common genre of texts transmitted from an early Arab-Islamic world and circulated within the region before the coming of European colonialism. The corpora of sexual knowledge in these texts emphasises the valorisation of sexual pleasure in conjugal relationships. Through an extensive list of prescriptions—from sexual techniques to diet, food taboos, medicine, pharmacopoeia, mantras, charms, and astrological knowledge—a near-sacral sexual experience is aspired. Couples are guided in their attainment of pleasure (nikmat) through the adherence of Islamic ethics (akhlak), rules (hukum), and etiquette (tertib). The fulfilment of women’s desire in the process is central in these observances. Nevertheless, despite placing much emphasis on mutual pleasure, these texts also contain ambiguous and paradoxical pronouncements on the position of women, wavering from veneration to misogyny. The article also highlights how intertextual studies of similar texts throughout the Islamic world can be a new focus of studies on the early history of gender and sexuality in Islam.
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Chikovore, Jeremiah, Madhukar Pai, Katherine Chisholm Horton, Amrita Daftary, Moses Kelly Kumwenda, Graham Hart, and Elizabeth Lucy Corbett. "Missing men with tuberculosis: the need to address structural influences and implement targeted and multidimensional interventions." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 5 (May 2020): e002255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002255.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is treatable but is the leading infectious cause of death worldwide, with men over-represented in some key aspects of the disease burden. Men’s TB epidemiological scenario occurs within a wider public health and historical context, including their prior sidelining in health discussions. Differences are however noticeable in how some Western countries and high TB and HIV burden low and middle-income countries (LMIC) including in Africa have approached the subject(s) of men and health. The former have a comparatively long history of scholarship, and lately are implementing actions targeting men’s health and wellness, both increasingly addressing multilevel social and structural determinants. In contrast, in the latter men have received attention primarily for their sexual practices and role in HIV and AIDS and gender-based violence; moreover, interventions, guided by the public health approach, have stressed short-term, measurable and medical goals. Debates and the limited available empirical literature on men’s engagement with TB-related healthcare are nevertheless indicating need for a shift, within TB work with men in high burden LMICs towards, structural and multicomponent interventions.
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Hart, Roger J. "Physiological Aspects of Female Fertility: Role of the Environment, Modern Lifestyle, and Genetics." Physiological Reviews 96, no. 3 (July 2016): 873–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00023.2015.
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Across the Western World there is an increasing trend to postpone childbearing. Consequently, the negative influence of age on oocyte quality may lead to a difficulty in conceiving for many couples. Furthermore, lifestyle factors may exacerbate a couple's difficulty in conceiving due mainly to the metabolic influence of obesity; however, the negative impacts of low peripheral body fat, excessive exercise, the increasing prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, and smoking all have significant negative effects on fertility. Other factors that impede conception are the perceived increasing prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome, which is further exacerbated by obesity, and the presence of uterine fibroids and endometriosis (a progressive pelvic inflammatory disorder) which are more prevalent in older women. A tendency for an earlier sexual debut and to have more sexual partners has led to an increase in sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, there are several genetic influences that may limit the number of oocytes within the ovary; consequently, by postponing attempts at childbearing, a limitation of oocyte number may become evident, whereas in previous generations with earlier conception this potentially reduced reproductive life span did not manifest in infertility. Environmental influences on reproduction are under increasing scrutiny. Although firm evidence is lacking however, dioxin exposure may be linked to endometriosis, phthalate exposure may influence ovarian reserve, and bisphenol A may interfere with oocyte development and maturation. However, chemotherapy or radiotherapy is recognized to lead to ovarian damage and predispose the woman to ovarian failure.
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Mishra, D., G. Basnet, and U. N. Yadav. "Behavior towards HIV among the Spouse of Male Migrants in Mid-western Nepal- A cross-sectional study." Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences 2 (September 26, 2016): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v2i0.15790.
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Background : Foreign labor migration has over the years, become major features of Nepal’s economy and society. In seek of opportunities; many of people of reproductive age group migrate to destination countries where they are exposed to risky behaviors. This study aimed to study HIV related knowledge and vulnerability of these women.Methods : The cross-sectional study was carried out among 150 spouses of migrant workers in Dhanauri VDC of Dang District. Semi-structured questionnaire was designed to collect the information from the respondents to meet objectives of the study. Data was analyzed by using SPSS(15.0). Ethical permission was obtained by Institutional Ethics Committee.Results: Almost all respondents had heard of HIV and AIDS and 55% had poor comprehensive knowledge on HIV prevention; 32% perceived HIV could transmit through mosquito bite; sharing meal of infection person (59.3%). The women ever discussed about sex with their husbands were 25.3%, among them 77.1 percent of spouse of male migrants doesn’t use condom during sexual intercourse during husband’s last visit at home. Major reason was they didn’t think it is necessary (88.1 percent) to use.Conclusion: The study revealed, despite great attention to HIV/AIDS program by Government and other agencies the knowledge on HIV prevention is below 50%. Comprehensive education program is needed to increase the level of correct knowledge on HIV prevention among wives of migrant workers. Targeted intervention among wives of migrant workers is important to make them able to negotiate for safe sexual practices with their husbands for HIV prevention and disclose their status for accessing services.Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences Vol. 2 2016 p.7-13
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Robertson, Courtney, Ashleigh Lin, Grant Smith, Anna Yeung, Penelope Strauss, Jennifer Nicholas, Elizabeth Davis, et al. "The Impact of Externally Worn Diabetes Technology on Sexual Behavior and Activity, Body Image, and Anxiety in Type 1 Diabetes." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 14, no. 2 (August 23, 2019): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296819870541.
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Background: We aimed to explore the impact of externally worn diabetes technologies on sexual behavior and activity, body image, and anxiety in adopters and nonadopters of these devices. Methods: People with type 1 diabetes aged 16-60 years living in Western Australia were invited to complete an online survey. Results: Of the 289 respondents (mean age 34.3 years), 45% used continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and 35% used continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Approximately half of CSII users stated that the pump interferes with sex. Of these, 75% disconnect their pump during sexual activity to avoid this issue. Comfort during sex influenced the location of the CSII insertion site in 22% of respondents, with the abdomen being preferred. One in four non-CSII users cited sex-related concerns as a factor for not adopting the technology. CGM interfered with sexual activity in 20% of users, but did not commonly affect CGM placement (only 18%). Sexual activity was reported as a factor for not adopting the technology in 10% of non-CGM users. No differences in body dissatisfaction ( P = .514) or anxiety ( P = .304) between CSII and non-CSII users were observed. No differences in sexual activity and behavior between technology users and nontechnology users were observed. Conclusion: Wearable technologies impact upon sexual activity and this influences the decision to adopt the technology. Despite this, technology users are similar in terms of sexual behavior, anxiety, and body image compared to nontechnology users. Where appropriate, these data can be used to identify potential concerns, address strategies to mitigate them, and inform people with diabetes when considering adopting external technologies.
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Alwadaei, Sayed, Barrak Almoosawi, Hani Humaidan, and Susan Dovey. "Waiting for a miracle or best medical practice? End-of-life medical ethical dilemmas in Bahrain." Journal of Medical Ethics 45, no. 6 (May 15, 2019): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2018-105297.
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Background and objectivesIn Bahrain, maintaining life support at all costs is a cultural value considered to be embedded in the Islamic religion. We explore end-of-life decision making for brain dead patients in an Arab country where medical cultures are dominated by Western ideas and the lay culture is Eastern.MethodsIn-depth interviews were conducted from February to April 2018 with 12 Western-educated Bahraini doctors whose medical practice often included end-of-life decision making. Discussions were about who should make withdrawal of life support decisions, how decisions are made and the context for decision making. To develop results, we used the inductive method of thematic analysis.ResultsInformants considered it difficult to engage non-medical people in end-of-life decisions because of people’s reluctance to talk about death and no legal clarity about medical responsibilities. There was disagreement about doctors’ roles with some saying that end-of-life decisions were purely medical or purely religious but most maintaining that such decisions need to be collectively owned by medicine, patients, families, religious advisors and society. Informants practised in a legal vacuum that made their ethics interpretations and clinical decision making idiosyncratic regarding end-of-life care for brain dead patients. Participants referred to contrasts between their current practice and previous work in other countries, recognising the influences of religious and cultural dimensions on their practice in Bahrain.ConclusionsEnd-of-life decisions challenge Western-trained doctors in Bahrain as they grapple with aligning respect for local culture with their training in the ethical practice of Western medicine.
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Sadaraka, Lisa. "#Timesup - it’s time to take action." Hospitality Insights 2, no. 1 (June 18, 2018): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v2i1.28.
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Sexual harassment is prevalent in the hospitality industry with studies indicating that hospitality employees experience sexual harassment significantly more than employees in other industries. Studies also reveal that customers are generally the main perpetrators [1].
Like the Western world, tourism in the South Pacific has seen significant growth and is now the largest and fastest growing sector in the region [2]. However, despite tourism being the key economic driver for many Pacific Island countries, the prevalence of sexual harassment in this location is unknown. This study was conducted in the Cook Islands and investigated the sexual harassment experiences of hospitality employees, by customers. A qualitative approach was adopted involving in-depth interviews with 32 participants from across the industry. The study revealed a significant lack of awareness of sexual harassment and, given the lack of research attention in this region, it is anticipated that this problem is prevalent across the Pacific.
Consistent with previous studies [3], alcohol was considered to have the greatest influence on customer behaviour. Supporting Hayner’s [4] ‘moral holiday’ perspective, employees were of the view that visitors behaved inappropriately simply because they were away from home and had a sense of anonymity. A key outcome of the study were the new themes that emerged on ‘cause’, which were unique to the study and its location. The commodification of Cook Islands culture, in particular, the sexualisation of traditional dance and costumes, was perceived to reduce the sexual inhibitions of visitors. A lack of awareness around cultural norms, the hospitable nature of Cook Islanders and titillating marketing messages were also perceived to inadvertently influence visitor behaviour.
The ramifications of sexual harassment are serious and cannot be ignored by hospitality employers and managers. The study found that employees experienced a decline in their work performance, productivity, and overall job satisfaction. These outcomes are detrimental not only to individuals, but also to organisations, as they can increase costs and impact the bottom line [5]. Of particular concern, the study found that employees were leaving the industry because of sexual harassment. In light of the current labour market pressures in the Cook Islands tourism industry [6], the implications of this are grave. The research identifies a vital need for education and training with a focus on sexual harassment awareness, cultural awareness, body language and socials skills. The implementation of workplace policies and procedures on sexual harassment is also recommended. Implementing practical strategies at an operational level may also be beneficial for managers and owners. Bystander intervention is an effective approach and involves removing the harassed employee and replacing them with a colleague, before the situation escalates. Implementing host responsibility programmes to educate employees on the responsible sale and supply of alcohol is also recommended. Paramount to addressing the issue of sexual harassment, however, is a clear and visible commitment from management. Employers have an ethical responsibility to create a safe working environment for their employees. Our people are our greatest tourism asset. We need to protect them to ensure a sustainable tourism industry, both in the Pacific and elsewhere.
Corresponding author
Lisa Sadaraka can be contacted at lisa.sadaraka@aut.ac.nz
References
(1) Gettman, H. J.; Gelfand, M. J. When the Customer Shouldn’t be King: Antecedents and Consequences of Sexual Harassment by Clients and Customers. Journal of Applied Psychology 2007, 92(3), 757–770. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.3.757
(2) The World Bank. Tourism, 2016. http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/95491462763645997/WB-PP-Tourism.pdf (accessed Jun 7, 2018).
(3) Yagil, D. When the Customer is Wrong: A Review of Research on Aggression and Sexual Harassment in Service Encounters. Aggression and Violent Behavior 2008, 13(2), 141–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2008.03.002
(4) Hayner, N. S. Hotel Life and Personality. American Journal of Sociology 1928, 33(5), 784–795.
(5) Ineson, E. M.; Yap, M. H. T.; Whiting, G. Sexual Discrimination and Harassment in the Hospitality Industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management 2013, 35, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.04.012
(6) Sugden, C.; Bosworth, M.; Chung, M.; Tuara, A. Cook Islands 2008 Social and Economic Report: Equity in Development, 2008. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/29732/cook-islands-economic-report-2008.pdf (accessed Jun 7, 2018).
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Завиржек, Дарья. "'This is not a Story which would Shock!': The #MeToo Campaign in Slovenia." Journal of Social Policy Studies 18, no. 2 (June 28, 2020): 343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/727-0634-2020-18-2-343-356.
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In post-socialist Slovenia, the #MeToo campaign (#jaztudi), which was started by four public intellectuals in 2018, was rather different to its equivalent in most Western counties. The analysis of the #jaztudi campaign suggests that there are local specifics in the Slovenian material and that the campaign appeared at the peak of the era of neopatriarchy where global inequalities are on the rise. Hundreds of women who testified about sexual harassment and sexual violence were not celebrities and public figures. The men against whom they spoke up were not famous, rich and powerful. They disclosed ordinary, 'small' stories, which were far from spectacular. Women wrote about everyday sexual assaults in childhood, in their teens and in adulthood. The majority of them were not interested in taking legal action against the perpetrators, something which can partially be explained by the contexts of rurality, religious influences and the social norms related to sexual violence towards women that are reproduced in educational, judicial and other social systems. This article provides the social context of the situation facing women in Slovenia and attempts to explain why #MeToo campaigns in different countries are contextual. It shows the importance of locally specific factors that influence women’s readiness to speak out and to denounce perpetrators. A number of factors have a great impact on ending sexual violence against women, including the frequency of violence against women; women’s economic and social status; the responses of professionals in public institutions to which women could turn for help; as well as awareness on the part of parents, teachers and communities. The implementation of the Istanbul Convention, which Slovenia ratified in 2015, and its internalisation on both the cognitive and emotional levels, constitute an important historical turning point in the fight to end sexual violence.
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JAFAREY, AAMIR M., and FARHAT MOAZAM. "“Indigenizing” Bioethics: The First Center for Bioethics in Pakistan." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 19, no. 3 (May 28, 2010): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180110000137.
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Contemporary bioethics has evolved over the past 40 years predominantly as a “Western” construct drawing fundamental inspiration for its conceptual and methodological frameworks from secular, Anglo-American philosophical traditions. American bioethicists can be credited with playing a defining role in the globalization of this new discipline to the developing countries of the world, but in this process, in the words of LaFleur, “Bioethics has become international without becoming internationalized.” Among the criticisms leveled against the dominant American model of bioethics is that in its focus on universalism it ignores local cultural and religious influences that are vital to the comprehension of the moral life in many societies. Medical sociologist Renée C. Fox and historian Judith P. Swazey have termed this as a form of “cultural myopia.”
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Yang, Mei. "Liberty in Harmony: An Integration of Confucian Harmony and Liberalism in Contemporary China." Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 227–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjeas-2015-0008.
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Abstract As the mainstream ideology, Confucian harmony deeply influences ways of thinking and social life in the East. Contemporary China has experienced quite a radical change since the Xīnhài Revolution in 1911. It also marked the re-examination of Confucianism, i.e. the development of New Confucianism. New Confucianism needs to encourage China to fit the modern and global context. Therefore, the revival of Confucian harmony must remake itself to fit the modern world. A certain degree of convergence between Confucian harmony and liberalism, the mainstream ideology in the West, is necessary. Personal improvement is a hotly disputed idea among Chinese Confucians and Western liberals because transformation of public ethics is closely related to transformations of the self. This paper argues the importance of integration between harmony and liberalism. What is important is to explore how each tradition can shed light on theoretical and practical issues regarding harmony between the individual and the community, rather than individual sovereignty over communal claims in ideological studies.
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Pelden, Sonam, Elizabeth Reid Boyd, Madalena Grobbelaar, Kwadwo Adusei-Asante, and Lucy Hopkins. "Ladies, Gentlemen and Guys: The Gender Politics of Politeness." Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8020056.
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Are there ladies and gentlemen in the 21st century? Do we need them? In the 20th century, lady became particularly unpopular with second wave feminists, who preferred ‘woman’. Gentleman was seen as similarly politically incorrect: class, race and culture bound. Following previous research on the word lady, we explore here some current evocations and debates around these words. We consider how the more casual, etymologically gendered term ‘guy’ has been utilized for men and women, and how it functions to reflect and obscure gender. While the return of the lady might be considered a consumer fad, a neo-conservative post-feminist backlash, or nostalgia for an elite ‘polite society’, it also offers an opportunity for a deeper discussion about civility as part of a broader conversation that is gaining impetus in the Western world. Politeness is personal and political. Whilst evidence for a comeback of the gentleman is limited, we critically consider the re-emergence of the lady as reflecting a deeper desire for applied sexual and social ethics. Such gender ethics have global, social and cultural ramifications that we ought not to underestimate. The desire for a culture of civility is gaining momentum as we are increasingly confronted with the violent consequences of a culture without it.
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Elzamzamy, Khalid, and Hooman Keshavarzi. "Navigating Ethical Dilemmas in Mental Health Practice Between Professional Ethics and Islamic Values." Journal of Islamic Faith and Practice 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 40–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/23274.
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Religiously committed mental health practitioners frequently encounter situations in which their perceived or actual religious mandates are at odds with their client’s values, leaving them in an ethical conundrum as to how to reconcile these values with the mandates of their professional ethical codes of conduct. Examples of such conflicts include dealing with cases involving abortion, sexual orientation, gender identity, consensual extramarital affairs, substance and alcohol use, as well as working with clients who display a minimal adherence to basic Islamic rituals and tenets. Precedents to such conflicts have led to serious legal consequences in some cases (DeSantis, 2012; Keeton v. Anderson-Wiley, 2010). Such conflicts are commonplace and particularly important for Muslim mental health professionals operating in the United States and other Western European countries that have secular professional codes of ethics. This paper is a “narrative literature review” that attempts to frame the discussion about value conflicts commonly experienced by Muslim mental health clinicians working within the Islamic legal and ethical discourses in the American context. This is done by analyzing the origins of some of these conflicts as well as providing potential resolutions. First, the relevant mental health philosophies, principles, codes, and definitions are examined. Second, the authors highlight how the Islamic maqāṣid (the higher objectives of Islamic law) and uṣūl (legal maxims), as well as Islamic standard practices, morals, and professional ethics, appear to contribute to the ethical dilemma. Different approaches to conflict resolution and reconciliation between Islamic mandates and ethical dilemmas are presented to help clinicians navigate their professional practice within ethical guidelines while remaining faithful to their religious values.
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Geiger-Oneto, Stephanie, and Elizabeth A. Minton. "How religiosity influences the consumption of luxury goods: exploration of the moral halo effect." European Journal of Marketing 53, no. 12 (December 3, 2019): 2530–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-01-2018-0016.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of religion, morality and mindset in influencing perceptions of luxury products. Design/methodology/approach The study uses three experimental studies to investigate this relationship. Findings Study 1 shows that religiosity influences negative moral emotions (but not positive moral emotions), which then negatively influence luxury consumption and morality evaluations. Study 2 replicates the effects of Study 1 and shows that priming a moral (marketplace) mindset decreases negative moral emotions and increases luxury consumption evaluations for highly (less) religious consumers. Study 3 explains the effects found in Studies 1 and 2 as driven by moral licensing, such that priming a moral (marketplace) mindset decreases (increases) the negative moral emotions experienced by those primed (not primed) with religiosity. Study 3 also improves the external validity of findings by including a social media sample of regular luxury purchases. Implications for theory and marketing practice are discussed. Research limitations/implications The present research is limited by samples conducted in Western culture with a predominantly Western, Christian religious audience. Future research should examine how moral vs marketplace mindsets differentially influence the consumption of luxury products for Eastern religious consumers (e.g. Hindus, Buddhists and Confucianists). Additionally, this research was conducted using Allport and Ross’ (1967) religiosity measure. Some could argue that the measure is not the most representative for atheists or agnostics or is outdated, so further research would benefit from replicating and extending the findings in this paper with other, newer religiosity measures better adapted to measure all belief systems. Practical implications Marketers of luxury products should realize the potential of a new target audience – religious consumers. While religiosity is positively correlated with negative moral emotions toward luxury products in Study 1, Studies 2 and 3 reveal that priming a moral mindset can reduce negative affect and increase evaluations of luxury products. Thus, marketers could seek out ways to emphasize morality in messaging. For example, a marketer may incorporate words such as virtues, ethics and/or noble, when describing attributes of their brand in advertising, thereby resulting in a moral licensing effect. Research suggests advertising content has the potential to influence consumers’ perceived moral obligation, inclusive of the moral or immoral nature of the consumption of luxury brands. Originality/value While the link between religion and luxury goods is evident in popular culture, previous research has yet to empirically explore this relationship. This study fills this gap by investigating the role of religiosity on the perceived morality and ultimately the purchase of luxury branded goods.
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Rasheed, Shaireen. "Islam, Sexuality, and the “War on Terror”." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v31i1.291.
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This paper explores the reasons why, in the aftermath of 9/11, the interests of Muslim women and Muslim gays have become the civilizing mission in the “war on terror.” In critically examining how pervasive American and European notions of patriotism, liberalism, secularism, and freedom have been couched within the discourseof sexual rights, I explain why this new politics of belonging is inseparable from the new politics of exclusion. This shift has had consequences for progressive social movements. Whereas in social and cultural analysis nationalism has long been associated with male dominance, sexual control, and heteronormativity, certain articulations of feminism and lesbian/gay liberation are now intimately linked with the reinforcement of ethno-cultural boundaries within the western framework. A required allegiance to sexual liberties and rights has been employed as a technology of control and exclusion – what Joan Scott calls a “politics of sexclusion.” This paper elucidates how Muslim gays are joining Muslim women, whose “liberation,” as postcolonial feminists have long argued, has traditionally been used to justify imperialism. I conclude by discussing bodies as a site for the materialization of power and resistance, as related to Luce Irigaray’s notion of an “ethics of sexual difference,” in an attempt to provide the phenomenological conditions of an “alternative space” in which the Muslim as “other” can be heard. The critical role of such a methodology is not to restore a lost historical and obliterated native, but to let her emerge in her difference. This ontology studies the varying ontic meanings of a localized phenomenon, their constitution as different realities and objectivities (i.e., as entities, occurrences, processes, events, (and facts), to shift our focus from identifying the Muslim other to asking “How do we experience the Muslim other as ‘other’?”
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Rasheed, Shaireen. "Islam, Sexuality, and the “War on Terror”." American Journal of Islam and Society 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v31i1.291.
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This paper explores the reasons why, in the aftermath of 9/11, the interests of Muslim women and Muslim gays have become the civilizing mission in the “war on terror.” In critically examining how pervasive American and European notions of patriotism, liberalism, secularism, and freedom have been couched within the discourseof sexual rights, I explain why this new politics of belonging is inseparable from the new politics of exclusion. This shift has had consequences for progressive social movements. Whereas in social and cultural analysis nationalism has long been associated with male dominance, sexual control, and heteronormativity, certain articulations of feminism and lesbian/gay liberation are now intimately linked with the reinforcement of ethno-cultural boundaries within the western framework. A required allegiance to sexual liberties and rights has been employed as a technology of control and exclusion – what Joan Scott calls a “politics of sexclusion.” This paper elucidates how Muslim gays are joining Muslim women, whose “liberation,” as postcolonial feminists have long argued, has traditionally been used to justify imperialism. I conclude by discussing bodies as a site for the materialization of power and resistance, as related to Luce Irigaray’s notion of an “ethics of sexual difference,” in an attempt to provide the phenomenological conditions of an “alternative space” in which the Muslim as “other” can be heard. The critical role of such a methodology is not to restore a lost historical and obliterated native, but to let her emerge in her difference. This ontology studies the varying ontic meanings of a localized phenomenon, their constitution as different realities and objectivities (i.e., as entities, occurrences, processes, events, (and facts), to shift our focus from identifying the Muslim other to asking “How do we experience the Muslim other as ‘other’?”
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Nawratek, Krzysztof, and Asma Mehan. "De-colonizing public spaces in Malaysia: dating in Kuala Lumpur." cultural geographies 27, no. 4 (February 28, 2020): 615–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474474020909457.
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This article discusses places and practices of young heterosexual Malaysian Muslims dating in non-private urban spaces. It is based on research conducted in Kuala Lumpur in two consecutive summers 2016 and 2017. Malaysian law (Khalwat law) does not allow for two unrelated people (where at least one of them is Muslim) of opposite sexes to be within ‘suspicious proximity’ of one another in public. This law significantly influences behaviors and activities in urban spaces in KL. In addition to the legal framework, the beliefs of Malaysian Muslims significantly influence the way they perceive space and how they behave in the city. The article discusses the empirical theme, beginning with the participants’ narratives of their engagement with the dominant sexual and gender order in non-private spaces of KL. Utilizing questionnaires, interviews and observations, this article draws upon a qualitative research project and questions the analytical usefulness of the notion of public space (as a Western construct) in the context of an Islamic, post-colonial, tropical, global city.
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Bassoi, Manuela, Eduardo R. Secchi, Daniel Danilewicz, Ignacio B. Moreno, Roberta A. Santos, and John G. Shepherd. "Intrapopulation variation in the diet of franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) off southern Brazil." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 101, no. 3 (May 2021): 621–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315421000436.
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AbstractThe franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) is a coastal dolphin endemic to the western South Atlantic Ocean. The dolphin is listed as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List, with incidental catches in gillnet fisheries the greatest conservation concern for this species. Insights into the feeding habits of this dolphin are essential to understand its distribution, movements and use of habitat, which are fundamental for effective management of the species. The feeding habits of franciscana dolphins were investigated from analyses of stomach contents of animals incidentally caught by two fishing operations from southern and northern regions of the southern Brazilian coast. In this study we investigate the existence of intrapopulation (sexual maturity and sex-related) variation in the diet of the franciscana dolphin, evaluating the spatial (northern and southern geographic areas) and seasonal influences. The analyses were based on Linear and Generalized Linear Models (LM and GLM). The majority of identified prey species were bottom-dwelling teleosts and the squid Doryteuthis sanpaulensis. The most important prey differed spatially and seasonally between northern and southern regions of the study area, and our results revealed significant differences between sexes and sexual maturity stages, mainly related to prey species sizes. This variation might indicate differences in prey selection, availability or habitat use patterns among these groups. In any case, these dietary differences are likely to minimize intraspecific competition for food resources, and/or indicate spatio-temporal variation in prey availability.
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Tobin, Rochelle, Jonathan Hallett, Roanna Lobo, and Bruce Richard Maycock. "Taking a systems approach to explore the impacts and outcomes of a research and evaluation capacity building partnership: a protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (September 2019): e026706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026706.
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IntroductionPartnership models that bring researchers, policymakers and service providers closer together are gaining traction as a strategy to improve public health practice. Yet, there is little evidence of how these models work, or indeed if they do work. The Sexual Health and Blood-borne Virus Applied Research and Evaluation Network (SiREN) is one such model. SiREN is a partnership between researchers, policymakers and service providers that aims to develop the research and evaluation capacity and evidence-informed decision making capability of professionals working to address sexual health and bloodborne virus issues in Western Australia. This study will use a systems approach to identify the mechanisms of action, impacts and outcomes of SiREN and inform the development of evaluation tools.Methods and analysisData will be collected from organisational documents, surveys, in-depth interviews and a workshop. It will be analysed using a complex adaptive systems lens and findings will be used to inform the development of a type of qualitative systems model called a causal loop diagram. The causal loop diagram will illustrate the: contextual factors influencing engagement; mechanisms of action; and impacts and outcomes of SiREN. Evaluation tools will then be developed that can be used to assess the indicators identified in the causal loop diagram.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the Curtin University Human Research Ethics Committee (approval number: HRE2017-0090). Participants will be free to withdraw from the study at any point and confidentiality will be maintained by de-identifying participant responses in any published or shared data. The findings from this study will be shared in conference presentations, reports, peer-reviewed journals and online through websites and social media.
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Ward, Peter D., James W. Haggart, Ross Mitchell, and Eric Catlin. "Quantitative morphological description of the Late Cretaceous ammonite Baculites inornatus Meek from western North America: implications for species concepts in the biostratigraphically important Baculitidae." Journal of Paleontology 89, no. 4 (July 2015): 594–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2015.33.
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AbstractLarge collections of well-preserved specimens of the ammonite Baculites inornatus Meek (1862) from two lower to middle Campanian localities on the Pacific coast of North America are analyzed quantitatively to examine both variability and evolutionary change of species-level distinguishing characters. To this end, we present a new method of describing the morphology of the biostratigraphically important Upper Cretaceous zonal index fossil Baculites, using five independent shell characters that can be measured quantitatively. We then use this method to test hypotheses of phyletic evolutionary change in B. inornatus specimens collected from Sucia Island, Washington, USA, and Punta San Jose, Baja California, Mexico.The greatest observed character change is in mature shell size: baculitids from the older of the two outcrops (Sucia islands) show a smaller mean diameter at maturity compared to those of the younger of the two outcrops (Punta San Jose). Other than this phyletic size increase, no other directional changes were observed from specimens collected at sub-meter precision from the 90 m-thick measured stratigraphic section of the Rosario Formation located at Punta San Jose. Importantly, neither the younger nor older baculitid assemblages show a size distribution of mature specimens that can be attributed to sexual dimorphism. We observed fluctuating proportions of individuals with ribs and/or keels through this section; since both characters have been used in previous taxonomic studies to define, or differentiate between, other Baculites species, our results indicate that no single character is sufficient to discriminate species within this lineage, and that there is far more variation of these characters than has previously been accepted. Our methodology can also be used to assess morphologic variation and taxonomic assignments of Baculites species in other biogeographic provinces, as well as to evaluate ecological influences on population variation and to test hypotheses of lineage evolution.
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Svoboda, J. Steven, Peter W. Adler, and Robert S. Van Howe. "Circumcision Is Unethical and Unlawful." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 44, no. 2 (2016): 263–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110516654120.
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The foreskin is a complex structure that protects and moisturizes the head of the penis, and, being the most densely innervated and sensitive portion of the penis, is essential to providing the complete sexual response. Circumcision—the removal of this structure—is non-therapeutic, painful, irreversible surgery that also risks serious physical injury, psychological sequelae, and death. Men rarely volunteer for it, and increasingly circumcised men are expressing their resentment about it.Circumcision is usually performed for religious, cultural and personal reasons. Early claims about its medical benefits have been proven false. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control have made many scientifically untenable claims promoting circumcision that run counter to the consensus of Western medical organizations.Circumcision violates the cardinal principles of medical ethics, to respect autonomy (self-determination), to do good, to do no harm, and to be just. Without a clear medical indication, circumcision must be deferred until the child can provide his own fully informed consent.In 2012, a German court held that circumcision constitutes criminal assault. Under existing United States law and international human rights declarations as well, circumcision already violates boys› absolute rights to equal protection, bodily integrity, autonomy, and freedom to choose their own religion. A physician has a legal duty to protect children from unnecessary interventions. Physicians who obtain parental permission through spurious claims or omissions, or rely on the American Academy of Pediatrics' position, also risk liability for misleading parents about circumcision.
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WANG, Jue. "中國傳統身體觀與當代墮胎難題." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 5, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.51444.
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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.本文揭示了在當代西方墮胎爭論背後起作用的身體圖式，以及這種身體圖式如何使墮胎問題最終在西方語境中成為沒有答案的難題。並援引醫家和儒家的思想材料，說明中國傳統身體觀如何更平衡地解決了同一個身體中的母親與胎兒的關係問題，從而既避免了西方語境中的陷阱，又因為更貼近懷孕身體的真實關係而在應用上具有倫理優勢。Abortion is a subject of much controversy in contemporary Western culture. However, the heated debate produces a dilemma: pro-life or pro-choice. For the pro-life advocates, the fetus is regarded as a person and therefore has the absolute right to life, which is undeniable in any case. Even when pregnancy threatens the mother's life, the mother has no right to take the innocent life of the fetus; In other words, the choice of life or death should submit to pure chances, as some critics uphold. On the other hand, however, the pro-choice advocates claim that the pro-life argument is incoherent and radical, since the right to life should not include the right to use another person's body. In their view, the woman should enjoy complete control on her body as on her house. The woman has the right to abort, as long as she has the right to decide what happens in her body: no doubt the fetus has the right to life, but unfortunately, not in this body.The ostensibly incompatible positions of the “ pro-life" and the "pro-choice” actually share the same all-or-nothing strategy which is predetermined by the same image of the body. In the Western tradition, the body is viewed as a thing, and being a person is equated with controlling a body. Accordingly, it is inclined to obscure the existence of the mother which is viewed as only chora.There is less debate on abortion in the context of Chinese culture. This does not mean that Chinese people are more barbaric over such issues, as some Western scholars imagine. This paper aims to propose that Chinese traditional thought has a different system of language about the issue of abortion based on its own body-schema. It argues that this language system may avoid the dilemma mentioned above.Contrary to the Western body-schema, the Chinese body-schema does not admit the dualism of body and soul, and hence does not emphasize the absolute control of the person (or the soul) on the body. The body in the Chinese traditional thought is not viewed as a closed organism kept in dualism, but a continuum of one and the same level, or a texture, which keeps returning to itself by intertwining everything born from it, especially in terms of qi〔氣〕- vital energy - therefore there is no fixed limit between body and soul, or between my body and another person's body.Concerning the issue of abortion, the Chinese body-schema can be further examined in three contexts. First, in the context of procreation, the sexual bodies are neither viewed as homogeneous nor heterogeneous, but coexist as symbiosis (of yin and yang〔陰陽〕): that is, the unity of two organismic processes which require each other as a necessary condition for being what they are. This makes it possible for Chinese traditional thought to evaluate the meaning of the mother clearly, which is, however, depressed in the Western tradition. Second, in the context of the development of the fetus in the womb, the fetus is viewed as an essential part of the mother, like plants having flowers and fruits, or trees having roots. Relations of parents to children or children to parents are like two parts of a single body or the same breath / vital energy separately breathed, which can find direct responses from each other. Such a mutual influence becomes more and more apparent, which serves as an important limitation on abortion after the pregnancy lasts beyond three months. Finally, in the context of Confucianism, everyone's body is viewed as derived and inseparable from his parents, which suggests a new ethical horizon: the choice of moral values and behaviors is up to qin intimacy, 〔親〕. Qin is neither individuals nor other bigger units (e.g. family, nation); it can never be substantiated, but is always already there as a vortex: everything having originated from it keeps returning to it, and just in this tension everything gets its proper ethical position. For example, in the case of abortion, not the rights, but the concrete ethical relations of the family, should first be taken into consideration. Under some circumstances, abortion may be a more responsible decision for other family members or qin , yet the fetus is still of irreducible importance, for qin naturally covers the fetus.In conclusion, the Western one-sided body-schema (in which one body is shared by two persons) is far from showing the real relation in pregnancy. It leads to an all-or-neither strategy and thus falls into dilemma. In contrast, the Chinese body-schema can hit the balance between the woman and the fetus, or between the pregnant body and the socially ethical body (qin). The Chinese body-schema is closer to the concrete situation of the pregnant woman and thus has ethical advantages to overcome the dilemma in practice.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 168 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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Haddad, Patrick. "Occidental Gender Trouble and the Creation of the Oriental Sodomite." Kohl: A Journal for Body and Gender Research 3, Winter (December 1, 2017): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36583/kohl328.
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Recent debates on the issue of “Arab homosexuality” place the creation of that identity category in a framework of European “epistemic hegemony,” putting thus the blame on both Nahdawi writers who adopted a Victorian morality and ethics from their western counterparts, and on contemporary “Arab” LGBT activists that participate in neoliberal NGO practices. These two agents allegedly imbibe a matrix of cis-heteronormativity alien to their societies at the time. Literary critics such as Khaled El-Rouayheb and Joseph Massad, foremost writers on the subject of the Nahda and homosexuality, have presented the nuanced relationship between Arab modernity, sexuality, and de-colonization. Yet, they have done so while charting a dynamic of power that does not sufficiently provincialize Europe nor re-contextualize the discourse into a longer history of “East/West” history of desire. My objective in this paper is to showcase small but significant instances of interaction between “The West” and the “Orient” on the issue of “same-sex” sexual contact in an effort to understand a trend of portraying “The Orient” as inherently sodomitic. Furthermore, my aim is to question the histories of “Arab” sexuality and modernity that are taken for granted in many of these debates. Thus, I will discuss a dynamic of power contradictory to the one presented in Joseph Massad’s Desiring Arabs, one that would question several pre- and post-colonialist arguments on the emergence of “homophobia” in Levantine contexts.
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Blunt, Robert. "Anthropology After Dark." Journal of Religion and Violence 8, no. 1 (2020): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jrv202072675.
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Sherry Ortner has recently described Marxian and Foucauldian inspired anthropological concerns for power, domination, and inequality as “dark anthropology.” In juxtaposition, Joel Robbins has challenged anthropologists to explore ideas of the good life, conceptions of value, and ethics in different ethnographic contexts; what he calls an “anthropology of the good.” Between these poles, this paper attempts an anthropology of the “good enough” to examine beliefs and practices that may partially, and counterintuitively, ground local conceptions of trust in the gray areas of social life. The phenomenon of “nightrunning” amongst the Bukusu of western Kenya, I argue, undergirds a noctural economy of lending and borrowing—rather than theft and victimhood—of reproductive potential; nightrunners remove their clothing at night to “bang their buttocks” against their neighbors’ closed doors and throw rocks at their roofs to prevent them from “sleeping,” a euphemism for sexual intercourse. Due to the way Bukusu understand nightrunners to be sterile unless they “run,” while annoying, they are nonetheless considered deserving of sympathy. Key here is that Bukusu do not necessarily see such seemingly absorptive nocturnal activity as witchcraft. While the identities of nightrunners are protected by the darkness of night—a chronotope which usually indexes witchcraft and political corruption—Bukusu claim that nightrunners are categorically people that one knows “in the light of day.” The paper explores how practices like nightrunning might help us rethink social intimacy and trust.
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Amuchástegui Herrera, Ana, and Marta Rivas Zivy. "Los procesos de apropiación subjetiva de los derechos sexuales: notas para la discusión / The Process of Subjectively Appropriating Sexual Rights: Notes for Discussion." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v19i3.1181.
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En este artículo se pretende reflexionar sobre los procesos subjetivos mediante los cuales las personas se otorgan a sí mismas la autorización para disponer de sus cuerpos, reconocen su sexualidad, controlan su reproducción, y exigen unas condiciones sociales, económicas e institucionales que favorezcan el ejercicio de tales decisiones. Partiendo de experiencias de investigación cualitativa con hombres y mujeres en diversos contextos en México, y del trabajo de Foucault sobre la sexualidad como materia ética en diferentes momentos de las sociedades occidentales, se advierte que las decisiones sobre la propia reproducción siguen caminos subjetivos diferentes de los que conducen a la búsqueda del placer sexual, hecho atribuible a la importancia de la moral católica en la historia de nuestro país. Más aún, los varios significados del placer y la reproducción difieren a su vez en función del género y la experiencia de hombres y mujeres frente al deseo y la procreación. Con la intención de aportar elementos al debate sobre el concepto de derechos sexuales, se examina la importancia de estos procesos culturales y subjetivos para coadyuvar a la posible construcción de una ética ciudadana de la sexualidad con el afán de promover la participación política de las condiciones de posibilidad para la búsqueda del placer. AbstractThis article attempts to reflect on the subjective processes through which people recognize and authorize themselves to make use of their bodies, sexuality and reproduction, and manage to demand the social, economic and institutional conditions to enforce these decisions. On the basis of the experience of qualitative research with men and women in various contexts in Mexico and Foucault’s work on ethical issues at different times in western societies, the author suggests that decisions regarding one’s own reproduction take different subjective paths from those related to the search for sexual pleasure, particularly because of the importance of Catholic morality in the history of Mexico. Moreover, the different meanings of pleasure and reproduction also vary according to gender and men and women’s experience of desire and procreation. In order to contribute elements to the debate on the concept of sexual rights, the author analyzes the importance of these cultural and subjective processes in constructing a civic ethics of sexuality, in the sense of promoting political participation in the establishing the conditions for the search for pleasure.
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ZUBOV, VADIM. "THE SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE INTERPRETATION OF THE SOCIO-POLITICAL DOCTRINE OF LIBERALISM IN THE WESTERN EUROPEAN, AMERICAN AND RUSSIAN TRADITIONS IN THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES: COMMON AND SPECIAL." Sociopolitical sciences 10, no. 6 (December 28, 2020): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2020-10-6-54-62.
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The article strives to conceptualize the basic ideas of liberalism, free from political sensitivities, emotional judgments and naive simplifications based on different methods and techniques of political and historical science, as well as general scientific approaches - a comparative historical method, a normative approach, an institutional approach, and analytical and synthetic methods. Defects of the interpretation of liberalism in Russia - opposition of “liberals” and “patriots”, domestic perceptions of liberalism as freedom in family, sexual and gender life, reduction of liberalism to the specific historical direction of post-Soviet liberalism are revealed in the paper. Furthermore, the author draws attention to the misunderstanding of liberalism in the United States: one of them refers liberalism to the social democracy, the other equates liberalism with the totalitarian teachings. In the light of the incorrect perception of liberalism in the world, the author formulates the purpose of the work as overcoming the misjudgement of liberalism by overcoming the false appreciation of liberalism by forming a concentrated view of the fundamentals of liberal socio-political teachings based on the views of leading thinkers in Western Europe, the United States of America and Russia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Which contributed significantly to the development of the fundamentals of liberalism. Predicated on the analysis of the ideas of Western European, American, and Russian liberal thinkers of the past, the author identifies common and special features of the interpretation of liberalism in different parts of the world over two centuries. Finally, the author concludes that the main features of the original liberalism are the basic points of the classical liberalism of the past centuries are the following points: 1) intelligent people should have unconditional personal, political and economic rights independent of the state; 2) there must be a system in the state that promotes justice and limits the state itself; 3) all people have the right to form a state and influences it.
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Gutman, Gloria, and Brian de Vries. "Cultural and Institutional Considerations in Advance Care Planning in Long-Term Care Settings." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2716.
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Abstract Advance Care Planning (ACP) is a process that supports individual’s understanding and sharing of personal values, life goals, and preferences regarding future medical care, so that they obtain care consistent with these during serious and chronic illness. While ACP is important for all, it is especially so for people who fall outside traditional, western, heteronormative contexts (e.g. who belong to ethnic, racial and/or sexual/gender minorities). This symposium draws from research conducted by the Diversity Access Team [part of a national project iCAN-ACP Improving Advance Care Planning for Frail Elderly Canadians]. The first paper presents results from focus groups conducted with loved ones of South Asian, Chinese and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) older adults living in care homes; issues identified as barriers include starting ACP conversations too late (“my husband has severe dementia”), lack of consideration of cultural traditions and, in the case of LGBT older adults, their non-family support networks. The second paper draws from focus groups with care home staff, implicating their own training as a barrier to assisting residents/families with ACP as well as resident, family, institutional and cultural influences. A third paper reports on an educational intervention designed to increase staff understanding of ACP and comfort in assisting residents/families with ACP. The fourth paper reports feedback received on two ACP planning tools, reflecting the importance of minority group representation in visuals and text. Together, these papers underscore the importance of taking culture into consideration in framing and discussions of fostering ACP among minority populations.
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Kennedy, Dane. "“Captain Burton's Oriental Muck Heap”: The Book of the Thousand Nights and the Uses of Orientalism." Journal of British Studies 39, no. 3 (July 2000): 317–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386222.
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In the final decade of his remarkable life, the Victorian explorer and linguist Richard Francis Burton made a daring bid to provoke a confrontation with those forces in British society that he identified with moral intolerance and intellectual pedantry. Unlikely though it might seem, the instrument of this provocation was a work widely regarded as children's literature—the tales of the Arabian Nights. In 1885–86, Burton published a ten-volume translation of the tales, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, followed in 1886–88 by an additional six-volume Supplemental Nights to the Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night. The mammoth scale of the endeavor was matched by its audacity. Burton not only offered an English reading public the first frank and unexpurgated translation of the tales themselves; he also peppered the text with footnotes about esoteric aspects of Islamic culture, especially sexual customs, and closed the tenth volume with a “Terminal Essay” that included a lengthy discourse on pederasty. This quixotic enterprise thrust Burton into the middle of an intersecting network of debates about sexuality and purity, state regulation and personal freedom, the Occident and the Orient. To examine the intentions that motivated Burton's translation of the Nights and the reception it received is to explore some of the crucial elements of the late Victorian crisis of identity.While the crumbling of a Victorian cultural consensus has long been a matter of interest, only recently has attention turned to the role that non-Western influences played in this process.