Dissertations / Theses: 'Sexual markets'

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Pitcher, Jane. "Diversity in sexual labour : an occupational study of indoor sex work in Great Britain." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16739.

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While there is a considerable body of academic literature on prostitution and sex work, there is relatively little research exploring the working conditions and occupational structures for men and women working in the indoor sex industry. There is a continuing tension between the theoretical position that considers prostitution as gendered exploitation and that which views commercial sex as work, although more recent studies have begun to explore different labour practices in some types of sex work. This thesis moves beyond previous analyses through framing the research theoretically as an occupational study, encompassing the experiences and transitions of female and male sex workers, as well as a small number of transgender participants, and setting these in the context of broader labour market theories and research. Using a qualitative approach, the study considers diverse labour processes and structures in indoor markets and adult sex workers perceptions of the terms and conditions of their work. The research develops an understanding of sex workers agency in relation to state structures, policy frameworks and varied working circumstances. It theorises the relationship of human agency to social stigma and recognition or denial of rights. It extends on existing classifications of pathways into and from sex work and develops typologies incorporating transitions between sub-sectors in the indoor sex industry, as well as temporary and longer-term sex working careers related to varied settings and individual aspirations. While the research identified gendered structures in indoor markets, which reflect those in the broader economy, the findings also contest gender-specific constructions of exploitation and agency through emphasising the diverse experiences of both male and female sex workers. I argue for development of a continuum of agency, which incorporates interlinking concepts such as respect, recognition and economic status and includes both commercial and private intimate relations. I contend that acknowledgement of sexual labour as work is a necessary precondition for recognising sex workers rights and reducing instances of physical and social disrespect. Nonetheless, this is not sufficient to counter social stigma, which is perpetuated by state discourses and policy campaigns which fail to recognise sex workers voices and, in doing so, create new forms of social injustice.

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Hendriksen, Ellen Setsuko. "Start safe, stay safe condom use at sexual debut, condom use consistency, and longitudinal markers of sexual risk /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1619406851&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Bowring, Natalie Erin. "Back on the market: Understanding heterosexual mature adult protective sexual behaviours." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/202020/1/Natalie_Bowring_Thesis.pdf.

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More heterosexual mature adults are re-entering the dating market with liberal sexual attitudes, low perceptions of risk and limited experiences of condom use. This research uses social marketing and sexual health literature to explore their experiences of condom use. The research revealed that connection, desire, and gratification determine condom use behaviour. Theoretical contributions include: the customer experience elements of condom use, the shared sphere of sexual experience, and the anti-experience of condom use. The result of this research is a deeper understanding of heterosexual mature adult sexual behaviours and complex behavioural experiences that involve more than one person.

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Dobrowolski, Mark Paul. "Population and sexual genetics of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Australia using microsatellite markers." Thesis, Dobrowolski, Mark Paul (1999) Population and sexual genetics of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Australia using microsatellite markers. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1999. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/3327/.

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Phytophthora cinnamomi is a plant pathogen that causes dieback disease in southern Australia. It threatens the biodiversity of many natural ecosystems due to the susceptibility of the native vegetation. If methods of control are to be successful then we must appreciate the genetic variation in the pathogen and the ways in which this variation is generated. Previously, the only genetic markers available to study P. cinnamomi were isozymes, which showed that isolates in Australia were one of three isozyme types. In this thesis I describe the development of microsatellite DNA markers for P. cinnamomi. Five microsatellites were successfully developed into markers for the nuclear genome and protocols for their use were established. Research into microsatel1ites for the mitochondrial genome is also presented though this was unsuccessful in providing markers useful for population genetic studies. The developed micro satellite markers were used to study inheritance in sexual progeny of four P. cinnamomi crosses. All but one of 201 progeny germinated were outcrosses. A large amount of non-Mendelian inheritance of the microsatellite alleles was observed. This could be explained by a high frequency of imperfect meiosis (e.g., nondisjunction, unequal crossing over) leading to additions and deletions in the chromosome complement of the sexually derived progeny. A population genetic study of three intensively sampled P. cinnamomi disease fronts located in southwest Australia is also presented. A total of 647 isolates were analysed from these hierarchically sampled sites with the micro satellite markers along with 133 culture collection isolates from across Australia. This analysis revealed that P. cinnamomi in Australia consists of three clonal lineages, with no sexual reproduction evident, even though both mating types co-occur. However, within these clonal lineages I found evidence for frequent mitotic recombination (mitotic crossing over). This mechanism for producing genetic variation may explain phenotypic variation known to occur within the identified clonal lineages.

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Walters, Jonathan. "Ancient Roman concepts of manhood and their relation with other markers of social status." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272542.

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Feijão, Giovana Lopes 1977. "A vida sexual politicamente correta em revista." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278984.

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Orientador: Maria Filomena Gregori Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T10:11:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Feijao_GiovanaLopes_M.pdf: 16786391 bytes, checksum: 93781da69207d8b2f29603818fd22ea2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 Resumo: Essa dissertação tem início em outubro de 2004, quando trabalhei como assistente de pesquisa de Maria Filomena Gregori no Projeto Temático Gênero, Corporalidades do Centro de Estudos de Gênero (Pagu). O que essa pesquisa mostrou foi que, no Brasil, observa-se a difusão de um "erotismo politicamente correto" (GREGORI, 2010) pelo universo de produção, comercialização e consumo de bens eróticos, o mercado erótico. Erotismo que tem como características: O sexo/erotismo deslocado do seu sentido de transgressão e cada vez mais associado à fonte de prazer, saúde mental e corporal , em que uma vida sexual ativa se torna possível a todos os corpos e indivíduos, através do exercício e da domesticação desse corpo para o ato. Durante a pesquisa empírica realizada entre lojas e trabalhadores desse mercado erótico [pesquisa realizada de outubro de 2004 a dezembro de 2007], entrei em contato com um grande número de jornalistas e repórteres de revistas, que procuravam lojas de produtos eróticos para realizarem reportagens e matérias sobre sexo. Revistas como Nova, Marie Claire, Claúdia, Gloss. Essa circulação fez surgir a hipótese de que, talvez, extrapolando o mercado erótico, o erotismo politicamente correto também estaria sendo disseminado pelas revistas. Essas revistas poderiam ser vistas como manuais pedagógicos desse tipo de erotismo? Quais as especificidades ele receberia em suas páginas? O objetivo dessa dissertação é observar como e se ocorre a disseminação do erotismo politicamente correto nas páginas de duas revistas de circulação nacional Nova e Men's Health Abstract: This dissertation begins in October 2004, when I worked as a research assistant on Thematic Project: Gender, corporeality of the Center for Gender Studies (Pagu.) What this research showed was that, in Brazil, there the diffusion of a "politically correct eroticism" (GREGORI, 201 O) in the universe of erotic market . Eroticism whose characteristics are: sex I eroticism displaced from their sense of transgression and increasingly more associated with the source of pleasure, mental health and body health. During the empirical research conducted between stores and employees of this erotic market [survey conducted from October 2004 to December 2007], I contacted a large number of journalists and reporters, making in this places articles about sex for magazines. This gave rise to the hypothesis that perhaps extrapolating the erotic market, the "politically correct eroticism" also is being disseminated by magazines. These magazines could be viewed as manuais of this kind of eroticism? The objective of this dissertation is to observe how and if occurs the spread of "eroticism politically correct" on the pages of two magazines Nova and Men's Health Mestrado Antropologia Social Mestra em Antropologia Social

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Marcolongo, Ellen. "The Relationships Between Sleep Disturbances, Depression, Inflammatory Markers, and Sexual Trauma in Female Veterans." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5266.

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The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to assess for the relationships among sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, inflammatory markers, and sexual trauma in female veterans. This may contribute to an understanding of the physical and mental health effects of sexual trauma in female veterans. Correlational analyses were conducted to evaluate the strength of these relationships. A reported history of sexual trauma was significantly correlated with longer sleep latencies, poorer sleep efficiency, shorter sleep durations, more daytime dysfunction, and poorer overall sleep quality in female veterans. A reported history of sexual trauma was also significantly correlated with depressive symptoms including anhedonia and a negative affect in female veterans. No significant correlations were noted between inflammatory markers and a reported history of sexual trauma in female veterans. Female veterans with a reported history of sexual trauma had more trouble falling and staying asleep, had more trouble functioning during daytime hours, and had total poorer sleep quality. These veterans also appeared depressed and they found normally pleasurable activities unenjoyable. Disturbed sleep and depressive symptoms may be risk factors in the development of chronic health diseases. By assessing and treating the sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms experienced by sexually traumatized female veterans, nurses may help to prevent the development of costly and deadly chronic diseases

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Tadioto, Mateus Vitor. "O lugar discursivo do sujeito no segmento turístico GLS." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2016. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1679.

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Esta dissertação filia-se à teoria analítica do discurso proposta pelo filósofo Michel Pêcheux e tem como tema central discussões sobre o processo de estruturação do discurso acadêmico que aborda a segmentação do Turismo no Brasil. Com essa pesquisa, busco contribuir com o estudo do Campo do Turismo a partir de uma perspectiva crítica, com foco específico no estudo do segmento caracterizado como Turismo GLS. Para tanto, busquei em livros – publicados no Brasil e escritos na comunidade acadêmica nacional – textos que relacionassem Turismo com a Comunidade LGBT, objetivando a construção desse conceito de segmento. Dessa busca, relacionei três textos que compõem o corpus de análise, são eles; Angeli (2004 [1999]), Oliveira (2002) e Trigo (2009). A partir do recorte das sequências discursivas das materialidades e da mobilização de conceitos como Formação Social, Formação Ideológica, Lugar Discursivo, Formações Discursivas e Forma-sujeito, desenvolvi um caminho teórico que pretende problematizar a apropriação da sigla GLS – enunciada dentro do Movimento Social como um Lugar Discursivo – pelo Mercado e, consequentemente, pela Academia. A partir desses achados de análise também aponto para o tratamento conceitual dado ao Sujeito nos processos de segmentação do Turismo, processos esses, que remetem ao individualismo e ao pragmatismo, evidenciando que a segmentação ainda situa-se em perspectivas bastante reducionistas. Nesse esforço de problematizar o segmento, o texto resta em aberto, mobilizando outros questionamentos e propostas de novos arranjos na interface Turismo – Análise do Discurso. Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-02-22T12:35:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Mateus Vitor Tadioto.pdf: 850366 bytes, checksum: d7682b9c97166d505e84291c4588fb37 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T12:35:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Mateus Vitor Tadioto.pdf: 850366 bytes, checksum: d7682b9c97166d505e84291c4588fb37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES. This dissertation relates to the discourse analysis proposed by the French philosopher Michel Pêcheux and it has as the main theme the discussions on the structuration process of the academic discourse which addresses the segmentation of Tourism in Brazil. With this research, I aim to contribute with the study in the Field of Tourism from a critical perspective, with emphasis on GLS Tourism. For this purpose, I have searched in books (published in Brazil and written within the national academic community) for texts that relates Tourism with the LGBT Community, addressing to the construction of this concept. From this search, I have related three texts which assemble the analysis corpus: Angeli (2004 [1999]), Oliveira (2002) and Trigo (2009). From the view of the materiality‟s sequential discourses and the mobilization of concepts like Social Formation, Ideological Formation, Discursive Place, Discursive Formations and Subject-Form, I have developed a theorical method which intends to discuss the appropriation of the acronym “GLS” (expressed within the LGBT Movement as a Discursive Place) by the Market and, inevitably, by the Academy. From these analysis findings, I also point to the conceptual treatment given to the subject in the processes of segmentation of Tourism, which refer to the individualism and pragmatism, endorsing that the segmentation is still based on too reductionist perspectives. In this effort to question the segment, the text is left open, mobilizing other inquires and propositions of new arrangements within the Tourism – Discourse Analysis interface.

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Prince, Barbara F. "Sexual Minorities and Social Context: An Examination of Union Formation, Labor Market Outcomes, and Coming Out." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1530121583412651.

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Cuenca, Ibáñez José. "Mechanisms of sexual polyploidization and inheritance in triploid citrus populations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/34671.

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Citrus is the main fruit crop in the world and Spain is the 6th producer and the major exporter for the fresh fruit market. Seedlessness is one of the most important fruit quality traits for this market since consumers do not accept seedy fruits. Recovery of triploid hybrids has become an important breeding strategy to develop new seedless citrus varieties and several of them have been already released from citrus breeding programs worldwide. Despite the undisputable importance of polyploidy in plant species, their genetics are much less well known than those of their diploid counterparts. Citrus triploid hybrids can be routinely recovered from sexual polyploidization (2x ¿ 2x) or interploid crosses (2x ¿ 4x and 4x ¿ 2x). In 2x ¿ 2x sexual crosses, spontaneous triploid hybrids arise from the union of an unreduced (2n) megagametophyte with haploid pollen. In the case of interploid sexual crosses (2x ¿ 4x and 4x ¿ 2x), triploid hybrids result from the fecundation of a diploid gamete arising from the tetraploid parent and a haploid gamete arising from the diploid parent. The genetic and phenotypic structures of triploid populations greatly depend on the parental heterozygosity restitution (HR) in the diploid gamete at each locus, which is mainly affected by the triploid recovery strategy. In 2x ¿ 2x crosses, HR depends on the underlying mechanism leading to the unreduced gamete formation, which are genetically equivalent to First Division Restitution (FDR) or Second Division Restitution (SDR) mechanisms. Moreover, under each restitution mechanism, HR also depends on the locus-centromere genetic distance. In the case of interploid crosses, parental heterozygosity restitution from tetraploid parents depends on the double reduction frequency. In citrus, the unreduced gamete formation mechanism is still controversial; FDR has been the mechanism proposed for sweet orange, whereas SDR has been proposed for clementine. On the other hand, inferring the allelic configurations of genetic markers is a main challenge in polyploidy crops to infer genotypic and gametic structures with the objective to analyze meiosis and inheritance mechanisms. According to this scientific context, the objectives of the thesis where: (i) to develop a new approach for allele dosis assignation when using co-dominant markers, (ii) to implement and apply methods for the analysis of 2n gametes origin and locate centromeres, and (iii) to take advantage of this knowledge to locate a major gene of resistance to Alternaria Brown Spot (ABS) which is a major constraint for triploid mandarin breeding. For microsatellite (SSR) markers, we have demonstrated that triploid progeny genotyping can be successfully performed using the microsatellite allele-counting peak ratio (MAC-PR) method. However, SSR analysis remains relatively costly and time consuming compared with actual SNP genotyping methods. Moreover, with the increasing availability of EST databases and whole genome sequences, SNPs have become the most abundant and powerful polymorphic markers that can be selected along the entire genome. In this thesis, a new method based on competitive allele-specific PCR has been developed to assign SNP allele dosage in an accurate, simple, and cost effective way. Combining the MAC-PR and the new developed SNP genotyping methods offers the possibility to utilize a broad range of molecular markers in genotyping triploid genotypes. Both methods have been used in further works included in this thesis. SDR has been demonstrated as the mechanism underlying unreduced gamete production in `Fortune¿ mandarin by genotyping triploid progenies with SSR markers. In addition, a new method to locate the centromere, based on the best fit between observed heterozygosity restitution within a linkage group and theoretical functions under either partial or no chiasma interference hypotheses has been developed and successfully applied. To expand the knowledge of the mechanism underlying unreduced gamete formation to other citrus genotypes besides clementines and `Fortune¿ mandarin, a maximum likelihood method based on parental heterozygosity restitution of centromeric loci was developed and successfully applied in sixteen mandarin cultivars. The new method developed in the study allows inferring the restitution mechanism both at population level and even at individual level. Maternal origin of 2n gametes was confirmed for all triploid hybrids and SDR was proposed as the restitution mechanism for all analyzed progenies. The information acquired from the mode of heterozygosity restitution in citrus was useful to determine the genetic and phenotypic structures of new triploid populations arising from different breeding strategies. We studied these structures for the resistance to Alternaria brown spot (ABS), a serious fungal disease producing necrotic lesions on fruits and young leaves in susceptible citrus genotypes. In the present work, different approaches were combined taking advantage of the particular genetic structures of 2n gametes resulting from SDR to map a genome region linked to ABS resistance in triploid citrus progeny. The monolocus dominant inheritance of the susceptibility, proposed on the basis of diploid population studies, was corroborated in triploid progeny. A 3.3 Mb genomic region linked to ABS resistance was located near the centromere on chromosome III, which includes clusters of resistance genes. SSR and SNP markers were developed for an efficient early selection of ABS resistant hybrids and they are currently used in our breeding program to perform marker assisted selection. The knowledge obtained in this thesis on the mechanism of sexual polyploidization and inheritance of concrete traits in citrus will allow implementing much more efficient triploid breeding programs on the basis of current and future needs. Indeed, applied outcomes of this PhD are already routinely used in the IVIA triploid breeding program. Cuenca Ibáñez, J. (2013). Mechanisms of sexual polyploidization and inheritance in triploid citrus populations [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/34671 TESIS Premiado

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Lee, Annie. "Sexual division of welfare in Taiwan : a preliminary exploration of poverty amongst women and the implications of income maintenance for them." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285278.

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Garcia, Joice Godoi. "Orientação sexual e discriminação: um experimento no mercado de trabalho paulistano." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18884.

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Submitted by Joice Garcia (joicegodoigarcia@gmail.com) on 2017-09-29T18:38:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_Tese Orientação Sexual e Discriminação.pdf: 904417 bytes, checksum: 120524468fce22fbfa67235e44f45ea8 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-09-29T19:11:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_Tese Orientação Sexual e Discriminação.pdf: 904417 bytes, checksum: 120524468fce22fbfa67235e44f45ea8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T19:48:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_Tese Orientação Sexual e Discriminação.pdf: 904417 bytes, checksum: 120524468fce22fbfa67235e44f45ea8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 Esta tese apresenta o primeiro experimento social realizado para analisar a discriminação de homossexuais no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Chamado de teste por correspondência, foi conduzido um experimento que simula o contato entre o (a) empregador (a) e o candidato através do envio de currículos fictícios para vagas reais de trabalho. Todas as características produtivas do currículo de tratamento e de controle foram idênticas à exceção da experiência de trabalho voluntário. Por aleatorização, em um currículo foi sinalizado que o candidato trabalhou em uma organização gay (tratamento) e no outro currículo não (controle). A partir disto foi observado, em simulações com diferentes níveis de informação sobre a produtividade dos candidatos, se houve uma diferença sistemática entre seus respectivos call-backs – retornos de convites para continuidade do processo seletivo. Os resultados deste trabalho apontam que, em um cenário de maior assimetria de informação, ser associado ou identificado como homossexual tem um efeito negativo na probabilidade de contratação. This thesis presents the first social experiment conducted to analyze discrimination against gays in the Brazilian labor market within the state of São Paulo. A correspondence test was carried out by sending simulated fictitious resumés to current jobs openings. All candidate characteristics were identical between the two resumés sent out, except for the experience of voluntary work: one curriculum was signaled that the candidate worked in a gay organization (treatment) and the other did not (control). The selection of which resumé to send out per job opening was entirely random. Simulations were then carried out within different informational scenarios for labor productivity, to verify the existence of statistically different levels of callbacks between treatment and control groups. The results indicate that, within a scenario of larger informational asymmetry, being associated to or identified as gay has a negative effect of the probability of employment.

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Medeiros, Priscilla Brandão. "A inserção das mulheres em postos de trabalho marcados pela lógica masculinizante: uma análise com as mototaxistas de Caicó/RN." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/jspui/handle/tede/2888.

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Submitted by Wallace Arruda (wallacearruda@uepb.edu.br) on 2017-08-14T13:28:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS - PRISCILLA BRANDÃO DE MEDEIROS.pdf: 1111390 bytes, checksum: 064751747c36b82429b6ac914df25eef (MD5) Rejected by Hellys Sousa (hellysmorais@uepb.edu.br), reason: Sem acesso ao arquivo, pede seha on 2017-11-08T12:50:43Z (GMT) Submitted by Wallace Arruda (wallacearruda@uepb.edu.br) on 2017-11-27T13:07:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS - Priscilla Brandão de Medeiros.pdf: 47893134 bytes, checksum: a5c908d386fa93060032d79e32b1a516 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Gabriella Oliveira (gabriellaoliveira@uepb.edu.br) on 2017-11-27T16:06:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS - Priscilla Brandão de Medeiros.pdf: 47893134 bytes, checksum: a5c908d386fa93060032d79e32b1a516 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-27T16:06:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS - Priscilla Brandão de Medeiros.pdf: 47893134 bytes, checksum: a5c908d386fa93060032d79e32b1a516 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-10 CAPES The changes in the labor market impact significantly on the inclusion of men and women in the labor market. However, historically, there is a distinct and traditional segregation as to the posts and working conditions presented to men and women, showing thus an inequality regarding gender relations in regard to the occupation within the world of work. In Brazil, the increase in female employment occurred more in informal work. In this context, this research aims to understand how the sexual division of labor takes shape in the work of women motorcycle taxi drivers in Caico / RN. Although several research themes stand out about several motorcycle taxi drivers, a gap is evident in this scientific production in relation to the debate about being this kind of masculine work. This research is justified by this scientific output demands about the sexual division of labor that is among / the motorcycle taxi drivers in the city of Caico / RN. It is a qualitative and quantitative nature of research. For data collection were used non-participant observation techniques, individual interviews and questionnaire. The survey was conducted in "squares" of motorcycle taxi drivers Caico / RN and involved seven women motorcycle taxi drivers. The results showed that the mototaxi driver profession in the city of Caico / RN dates back to 1998. It is organized in a space called by them (as) to "square", which are grouped to expect from / passenger / as . The price of "race" costs today R $ 3.00 (three reais) for the most central places. The night shift, this value is increased to R $ 4.00 (four reais). The data showed that the motorcycle taxi drivers suffer prejudice for acting on a Labour branch not featured for women with nuances involving prejudice marks in relation to sexual orientation the same, since this insertion affect in social discourse, mandatory heteronomativade. The data show the precariousness of relations and working conditions, since these women do not have mototaxi driver safety instruments and, as an informal sector, there is a lack of access to social and labor rights. The sexual division of labor is configured in various aspects of work and personal life of motorcycle taxi drivers: women have a daily income, the lower weekly and monthly that of men; mostly in the races are crowded than men, unless the passengers are women and children; workday intensified because in addition to the completion of labor in the production sphere, these women are still responsible for household duties and care of / the children / relatives (mother, for example). The survey data show that the motorcycle taxi drivers are women who have considerable skill level, but do not get involved in political issues in the region, not participate in the collective organization of this business segment. We hope that the results and the discussion initiated in this work can help to develop and enhance critical vision, policy and reflective of women motorcycle taxi drivers in the city of Caico / RN. We hope also that these research results may contribute to women's struggle for an end to inequalities in public and private space. As transformações no mundo do trabalho impactam significativamente na inserção de homens e mulheres no mercado de trabalho. Entretanto, historicamente, há uma nítida e tradicional segregação quanto aos postos e condições de trabalho apresentadas aos homens e às mulheres, mostrando, assim, uma desigualdade quanto às relações de gênero no que tange à ocupação dentro do universo do trabalho. No caso do Brasil, o aumento do emprego feminino ocorreu mais no trabalho informal. Neste contexto esta pesquisa objetiva entender como a divisão sexual do trabalho se configura no trabalho das mulheres mototaxistas em Caicó/RN. Apesar de várias pesquisas destacarem temáticas diversas acerca dos mototaxistas, evidencia-se uma lacuna nesta produção cientifica no que tange ao debate acerca de ser este um tipo de trabalho masculinizado. Esta pesquisa se justifica por esta demanda de produção científica acerca da divisão sexual do trabalho que se constitui entre os/as mototaxistas na cidade de Caicó/RN. É uma pesquisa de cunho qualiquantitativa. Para coleta de dados foram usadas as técnicas de observação não participante, entrevistas individuais e aplicação de questionário. A pesquisa foi realizada nas “praças” de mototaxistas de Caicó/RN e envolveu sete mulheres mototaxistas. Os resultados mostraram que a profissão de mototaxista na cidade de Caicó/RN remonta ao ano de 1998. Organiza-se em um espaço, denominado por eles (as) de “praça”, o qual se agrupam a espera dos/as passageiros/as. O preço da “corrida” custa, hoje, R$ 3,00 (três reais) para os lugares mais centrais. No turno da noite, esse valor é acrescido para R$ 4,00 (quatro reais). Os dados evidenciaram que as mototaxistas sofrem preconceitos por atuarem em um ramo trabalhista não caracterizado para mulheres, com nuances que envolve marcas do preconceito em relação à orientação sexual das mesmas, uma vez que essa inserção afeta, no discurso social, a heteronomativade obrigatória. Os dados mostram a precarização nas relações e condições de trabalho, uma vez que essas mulheres mototaxista não dispõem de instrumentos de segurança, assim como, por ser um ramo informal, há a falta do acesso aos direitos sociais e trabalhistas. A divisão sexual do trabalho se configura em diversos aspectos do trabalho e da vida pessoal das mototaxistas: as mulheres tem uma renda diária, semanal e mensal menor que dos homens; em sua maioria nas corridas são preteridas em relação aos homens, salvo quando os passageiros são mulheres e crianças; jornada de trabalho intensificada, pois além da realização do trabalho na esfera produtiva, essas mulheres continuam sendo as responsáveis pelas atribuições domésticas e cuidados com os/as filhos/as e parentes (mãe, por exemplo). Os dados da pesquisa mostram que as mototaxistas são mulheres que tem um nível de qualificação considerável, porém não se envolvem nas questões politicas da região, nem participam da organização coletiva deste segmento profissional. Esperamos que os resultados e a discussão encetados nesta dissertação possam contribuir para desenvolver e potencializar a visão crítica, política e reflexiva das mulheres mototaxistas da cidade de Caicó/RN. Esperamos, ainda, que estes resultados da pesquisa possam contribuir para a luta das mulheres pelo fim das desigualdades no espaço público e privado.

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Pastore, Giulia. "Reproduction and artificial restocking of Acipenser naccarii (Bonaparte, 1836). Genetic and physiological characterization through microsatellite markers and radioimmunoassay of sexual steroids." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8084/.

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The Adriatic sturgeon, Acipenser naccarii (Bonaparte, 1836), is a highly threatened species due to human activities, particularly overfishing and habitat destruction. Its peculiar ecology and biology (restricted areal and anadromy) makes this species particularly vulnerable. In March 2010 the IUCN has identified the Adriatic sturgeon as a critically endangered species according to the Red List of Threatened Species. Due to its rapid decline, starting from the 80s, at present there is no evidence of natural reproduction in wild environment, which makes the Adriatic sturgeon dependenton captive breeding programs that need to be improved in order to be effective for the survival of the species. For this purpose this study aims to characterize artificial restocking population of Adriatic sturgeon, with both genetic and physiological analysis in order to establish an efficient restocking program for future reproductions. The research is structured on two levels: First genetically, by analyzing 9 microsatellite loci. This gives information relatively about parent allocation and kinship between individuals that were sampled for this study. Hence to predict which reproduction events are the most optimal in terms of incrementing genetic diversity, by the estimation of multilocus pairwise band sharing coefficients. Second step, physiological analysis: testosterone (T) concentration levels in each individual were measured for sexing, without sacrificing the lives of the animals with the use of an invasive examination of the gonads. The combination of interdisciplinary analysis is important to obtain an overall picture in order to indicate the main broodstock participating in reproduction events and future optimal potential participants, in order to ensure a valid management for restocking program and their monitoring.

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Kahraman, Pinar. "Is Education The Panacea For Gender Inequality In The Labor Market? : A Case Study Of Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610672/index.pdf.

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The main aim in this study is to criticize the prevalent method of approach of the mainstream economics to women&rsquo s problems. The mainstream approach to women&rsquo s problems is to emphasize exclusively the significance of education, and participation in work-force, and which defines issues of equality/inequality in terms of economic advantages and externalities. Ensuring gender equality has historically never been the mainspring agenda of governments and the problems of women have mainly been considered in terms of bringing women into the public sphere. This document examines the situation of women in the Turkish labor market, to see to what extent education helps women exceed their roles of the conventional sexual division of labor in the labor market. The limits of the effect of higher educational degree on the improvement of women&rsquo s position within the market mechanism are discussed. We found that despite its importance, education on its own is inadequate to secure gender equality in both private and public sphere.

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Prosser, Melanie Renee. "Sexual selection in northern water snakes, Nerodia sipedon sipedon : examination of the mating system and correlates of male reproductive success using microsatellite DNA markers /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ66232.pdf.

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França, Isadora Lins. "Cercas e pontes: o movimento GLBT e o mercado GLS na cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-03092007-141155/.

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A presente dissertação é um estudo sobre o movimento GLBT (Gays, Lésbicas, Bissexuais e Transgêneros) e as relações desenvolvidas por esse movimento com um mercado segmentado destinado a homossexuais, ou mercado GLS (Gays, Lésbicas e Simpatizantes). O trabalho procura compreender essas relações a partir da pesquisa de campo realizada com foco na Associação da Parada do Orgulho GLBT de São Paulo (APOGLBT). Além disso, há um esforço no sentido de entender as dinâmicas do mercado GLS e do movimento GLBT a partir de meados da década de 1990, especialmente em São Paulo. O enfoque da dissertação recai sobre processos de aproximação e diferenciação entre movimento e mercado, envolvendo também situações de conflito e colaboração entre ambos os atores sociais. Tal abordagem foi elaborada a partir da discussão teórica sobre processos de construção de identidades coletivas presentes na constituição de sujeitos políticos, bem como da perspectiva da antropologia a respeito de processos de consumo. This thesis is a study of the GLBT (Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender) movement and its relations with a segmented market that is focused on homosexuals or GLS (Gay, Lesbian and Supporter). This work departing from the conducted field research on the Associação da Parada do Orgulho GLBT de São Paulo (APOGLBT - São Paulo\'s Association for the GLBT Pride Parade) seeks to understand these relations. Besides this, an effort has been made to understand the dynamics of the GLS market and the GLBT movement, specially in São Paulo, since the mid 1990s. The focus of this thesis is grounded on an analysis of processes of rapprochement and differentiation between the movement and the market, involving situations of conflict and collaboration between both social actors. This approach has been elaborated from a theoretical discussion about processes of collective identity formation, present in the constitution of political subjects, as well as from an anthropological perspective on consumption processes.

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Haddrill, Penelope R. "The development and use of molecular genetic markers to study sexual selection and population genetics in the 2-Spot ladybird, Adalia bipunctata (L.)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444738.

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Carreiro, Carlos Riedel Porto. "InovaÃÃes tecnolÃgicas na sexagem, manejo reprodutivo e crescimento do pirarucu, Arapaima gigas (SCHINZ, 1822), (Actinopterygii, Arapaimidae) cultivado no Centro de Pesquisas em Aquicultura Rodolpho von Ihering (CPA) do DNOCS, Pentecoste, Estado do CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7644.

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FundaÃÃo de Amparo Ã Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ A tese trata da sexagem, reproduÃÃo, alevinagem e crescimento do pirarucu, Arapaima gigas. No primeiro capÃtulo foram revelados aspectos histÃricos da introduÃÃo e reintroduÃÃo do pirarucu nos aÃudes do nordeste do Brasil objetivando o desenvolvimento de pesquisas de manejo, crescimento e reproduÃÃo voltadas Ã produÃÃo aquÃcola. No segundo capÃtulo foram desenvolvidas diferentes tecnologias para a identificaÃÃo sexual do pirarucu: ultrassom, que gerou imagens distintas para gÃnadas masculinas e femininas; a laparoscopia que gerou imagens nÃtidas das gÃnadas, distinguindo-se inclusive estÃgios de ovÃcitos. Testou-se ainda as variaÃÃes nos nÃveis de estradiol e testosterona em alevinos e juvenis de pirarucu, nÃo sendo possÃvel a utilizaÃÃo deste mÃtodo para determinaÃÃo do sexo, em virtude de nÃo haver correlaÃÃo entre a concentraÃÃo dos hormÃnios e o comprimento dos pirarucus. ReaÃÃes de RAPD foram utilizadas buscando determinar polimorfismos entre sexo de espÃcimes de pirarucu, indicando a necessidade de estudos mais profundos e testes com novos primers. No terceiro capÃtulo foram estudados alguns aspectos do manejo reprodutivo: As precipitaÃÃes pluviais apresentaram correlaÃÃo positiva com a frequÃncia de desovas do pirarucu no CearÃ, sendo marÃo o mÃs de maior ocorrÃncia. Ainda neste capÃtulo, descreve-se a implantaÃÃo de transponders eletrÃnicos em pirarucus; A introduÃÃo dos transponders revelou uma nova dinÃmica comportamental de cortejo, com formaÃÃo de novos casais. Outro aspecto foi o treinamento alimentar. Foram observados dois sistemas de treinamento alimentar â o primeiro com utilizaÃÃo de transiÃÃo gradual de alimento vivo para raÃÃo comercial seca e o segundo com alevinos deixados nos viveiros de reproduÃÃo com cuidado parental, estes sofreram maior mortalidade apresentando ainda comprimento e peso superiores aos exemplares submetidos ao regime de transiÃÃo alimentar. O regime de transiÃÃo alimentar mostrou Ãndices de sobrevivÃncia superiores ao cuidado parental apresentando, porÃm, crescimento e peso inferiores. Foi testado o uso anestÃsicos (Mentol e clorofÃrmio); O mentol foi utilizado com sucesso em juvenis e adultos. O clorofÃrmio apresentou efeito anestÃsico imediato apÃs a inalaÃÃo, levando o espÃcime diretamente ao estÃgio de anestesia cirÃrgica. No quarto capÃtulo foram realizados estudos de crescimento e peso de alevinos e juvenis atÃ o tamanho comercial, utilizando inicialmente exemplares com peso mÃdio de 1g, finalizando, apÃs 18 meses de cultivo, com peso mÃdio de 10kg. The present study deals with aspects of sexing, breeding, nursery and growth of pirarucu, Arapaima gigas, presented in four chapters. The first chapter revealed historical aspects of introduction and reintroduction of pirarucu. Now, the reintroduction of pirarucu in the past decade had another purpose, which was the development of studies in research management, growth and reproduction. In the second chapter we have developed different technologies for pirarucu sex identification: ultrasound, which generated different images for male and female gonads; laparoscopy that generated clear images of the gonads, and can distinguish gonadal stages. Was a tested variation in levels of estradiol and testosterone hormones in fingerling and juvenile, not being able to use this methodology to determine the sex because there is no correlation between the concentration of hormones and the length of pirarucus. RAPD reactions were used to determine polymorphisms with sex of Arapaima gigas, indicating the need for further studys. In third chapter we studied some of the many aspects that helped the reproduction management: The rainfall showed a positive correlation with the frequency of spawn pirarucu in Ceara state, Brazil; This chapter also describes the utilization of electronic transponders; No mortality was recorded during two years study, the introduction of electronic transponders also revealed a new dynamic of courtship behavior, with resultant formation of new pirarucu couples. Another aspect described in the third chapter was the pirarucu food training, step of importance in pirarucu fish farming. There were two systems of training food â The first one use gradual transition from live food to commercial food and seconds left fingerling in parental care. The system of weaning showed lower survival rates, however, righter growth and weight. The gradual transition showed higher survival and lower growth and weight. Anesthetics were tested (chloroform and menthol); Menthol has been used successfully in adults and juveniles with administration by spray gills. The chloroform was effective anesthetics immediately after inhalation, running directly to the stage of surgical anesthesia. The fourth chapter studies were performed growth and weight of pirarucu fry and juveniles to commercial size, initially using samples with an average weight of 1g, ending after 19 months of cultivation, with an average weight of 10,000 g.

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Petersson, Ida. "Sexuella trakasserier och trakasserier på grund av kön inom könssegregerade yrken." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-41677.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate how the Swedish laws regulate the proactive work of employers to prevent employees from getting sexual harassed or harassed on the basis of sex. The purpose is also to investigate how employers are supposed to handle employees whom have been sexual harassed or harassed on the basis of sex. Sweden has a segregated labor market which means that women and men tends to select different professions. This leaves marks on the equality for women and men, which also has effect on the fact that women and men are being harassed in the workplace or situations associated with the work. By investigating genderresearch I am hoping to find out why more employees get sexual harassed or harassed on the basis of their sex in segregated professions. The definition of sexual harassment is unwanted behavior that alludes on sex, and thereby violates the person’s dignity. Harassment on the basis of sex, on the other hand, is unwanted behavior that violates a person’s dignity on the basis of the person’s sex. The person who gets sexual harassments or harassments on the basis of sex, has an obligation to make sure that the perpetrator knows that the behavior is unwanted. This is as long as the sexual harassments or harassments on the basis of sex is not considered as a gross violation. The employer has an obligation to prevent employees from getting sexual harassed or harassed on the basis of sex. In case a employee gets sexual harassed or harassed on the basis of sex by someone whom is working for the employer, it is the employers obligation to investigate the circumstances and take necessary actions. This obligation also involves the employer to take necessary actions to prevent any future sexual harassments and harassments on the basis of sex or retaliation. It is also the employers obligation, as an effort to make working places equal, to make an effort to get the underrepresented sex to seek employment at the employer. One of the reasons that sexual harassments and harassments on the basis of sex could be explained by looking back at Sweden’s history, where women always have been in a subordinate role to men. By “doing gender” in everyday activities, stereotypical ideals of how women and men are supposed to act are being maintained. The gender segregated professions creates norms and jargon that places the underrepresented sex in an exposed role.

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Souza, Laumar Neves de. "Dinâmica econômica e seus impactos nas estratégias de inserção feminina no mercado de trabalho da RMS." Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Sociais da UFBA, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11352.

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286f. Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-11T18:53:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Laumar Souzaseg.pdf: 3039860 bytes, checksum: 859bdea1d5e97cbc3443d364516d4b8b (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-26T10:53:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Laumar Souzaseg.pdf: 3039860 bytes, checksum: 859bdea1d5e97cbc3443d364516d4b8b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-26T10:53:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Laumar Souzaseg.pdf: 3039860 bytes, checksum: 859bdea1d5e97cbc3443d364516d4b8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 O objetivo desta tese é compreender como as mulheres residentes na Região Metropolitana de Salvador (RMS) responderam ao fenomenal aumento da precarização do mercado de trabalho local, ocorrido entre os anos de 1997 e 2003. A tese que se defende aqui é a de que as mudanças ocorridas na economia brasileira, e em particular na economia baiana, na passagem dos anos 1990 para os 2000, impactaram de modo desigual não apenas o modo e as características da inserção de homens e mulheres no mercado de trabalho da RMS situação essa que implicou numa redução das assimetrias estruturais entre gêneros, previamente existentes , mas trouxeram diferenciações de inserção nesse mercado importantes também entre as mulheres metropolitanas. Sustenta-se, adicionalmente, a idéia de que muito provavelmente foram as mulheres na condição de filhas aquelas que mais se lançaram às fronteiras do mercado de trabalho metropolitano, uma vez que era, precisamente, esse grupo de mulheres o que menos pressionava o referido mercado de trabalho no exato momento em que o mencionado processo precarização deixa, por assim dizer, de ser considerado grave e começa a assumir um caráter absolutamente alarmante. Sublinhados esses pontos, cabe informar que o presente estudo se baliza nas informações produzidas pela Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego (PED) para os anos de 1997 e 2003, o que só foi possível graças ao fato do volume de informações levantadas nesses dois momentos permitir a realização de um amplo leque de investigações sobre diversos aspectos do mercado de trabalho regional, especialmente sobre seus componentes estruturais. Diante dessa característica da base de dados da PED, procurase apontar quais respostas as mulheres metropolitanas foram capazes de oferecer a partir de três aspectos diferentes. O primeiro se refere a sua situação do ponto de vista da participação no mercado de trabalho da RMS. Aí se trabalha com informações referentes às taxas de participação e desemprego. O segundo diz respeito às condições e ao tipo de trabalho oferecido às mulheres em tal mercado. Nesse ponto, o estudo se volta para a discussão das questões referentes à distribuição setorial do emprego, bem como a distribuição da ocupação por posição na ocupação. O terceiro, e último, concerne à problemática da mulher que se relaciona aos diferenciais de rendimentos. Salvador

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22

Jolly, Ann. "Sexually transmitted disease core group membership in Manitoba, strategies for definition, and description of risk markers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0025/NQ31994.pdf.

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23

Kurz, Marcio Rogério. "Participação de idosos e idosas no mercado de trabalho no contexto da divisão sexual do trabalho." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/800.

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Um aspecto marcante das sociedades atuais é o acentuado crescimento previsto para a população idosa em todos os países, sobretudo nos países em desenvolvimento. Para o ano de 2050, indicadores oficiais apontam para 2 bilhões de idosos em todo o mundo, havendo, portanto, a necessidade de estímulo aos estudos sociais acerca da terceira idade, principalmente no contexto do Brasil. As mudanças na estrutura etária poderão causa implicações sociais, econômicas e ambientais, cuja investigação apontará caminhos e propostas de atuação. No Brasil as projeções do instituto oficial apontam para 35 milhões de idosas e idosos no ano de 2050. A idade pode afetar a contribuição ao trabalho, tanto a permanência da pessoa idosa em seu posto, sendo produtiva, quanto a seu retorno após a aposentadoria. A capacidade e o desejo das trabalhadoras e dos trabalhadores idosos em ficarem ativos tanto tempo quanto possível dependem do seu estado de saúde e das suas condições de trabalho propostas a este grupo social. Este estudo quantitativo, apoiado na estatística descritiva, busca analisar a inserção das idosas e dos idosos no mercado de trabalho internacional e brasileiro, identificando as principais naturezas jurídicas e ocupações, e analisa a participação das pessoas idosas no mercado de trabalho formal na cidade de Curitiba em diferentes graus de instrução. Os dados internacionais utilizados são da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) e os dados brasileiros são do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE). Os principais resultados internacionais apontam aproximadamente 85 milhões de idosas e idosos no mercado de trabalho mundial, e quase 1,6 milhão de pessoas idosas desempregadas. Os principais resultados brasileiros indicam que, tanto na cidade de Curitiba quanto no âmbito nacional, os homens idosos predominam em quase todas as áreas analisadas e em quase todas as faixas salariais. As mulheres idosas concentram-se nas faixas de menor remuneração, com até um salário mínimo mensal. A striking aspecto of modern societies is the sharp growth forecast for the elderly population in all countries, especially in developing countries. For the year 2050, official indicators point to 2 billion older people around the world, and therefore there is a need to stimulate the social studies of the elderly, especially in the contexto of Brazil. Changes in age structure may cause social, economic and environmental implications, whose investigation Will point paths and proposals for action in Brazil the official institute’s projections point to 35 million elderly in 2050. Age can affect the contribution to the work, both the permanence of the Elder in his position, being productive, as your return after retirement. The capacity and willingness of older workers become active as long as possible depend on your health status and working conditions proposed in this social group. This quantitative study, based on the descriptive statistics, seeks to analyze the integration of elderly in the international and Brazilian labor market, identifying the main legal nature and occupations, and analyzes the participation of older people in the formal labor market in the city of Curitiba at different levels of education. The international data are from the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the Brazilian numbers are from the Ministry of Labour and Employment (MTE). The main international results indicate approximately 85 million elderly in the global labor market, and nearly 1.6 million unemployed older people. The main Brazilian results indicate that, both in the city of Curitiba as nationwide, elderly men predominate in almost all areas analyzed and in almost all salary ranges. Older women are concentrated in lower-paid groups, with up to a monthly minimum wage.

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Kalmelid, Nesim. ""Estou a Pedir Nota" : Views on the Situation of Students in Secondary School in Maputo, with Focus on the Female Students." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-64349.

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The number of female secondary school students in Mozambique is very low. Different reasons are stated for this, but mainly that the students’ parents believe that education is better suited for boys than girls. Furthermore, the students who do attend education might face a low quality of education, lack of proper hygiene facilities, and run the risk of being sexually abused by teachers at school. This study took place at two schools in Maputo and the aim of this study was to find out how students in Maputo regard their secondary education and what factors they believe can affect their education. The main focus was on the female students, since they are the ones most likely having trouble with attending education. However, some data were collected from male students in order to make a limited comparison. Furthermore, some teachers and officials have also been interviewed and thus given their views on the issues. Most of the students’ future plans were to get into university in order to get a good job with a high salary. However, some wanted to get a job directly after secondary education. Regarding their present education, the use of alcohol and drugs in school, money, and the teachers’ handling of marks were brought up as problems. The students gave examples of how their fellow students drink and do drugs within the school area, but also on how they work with campaigns and meetings in order to prevent and stop it. The issue of money was mostly connected to the possibility and difficulty of entering university. These difficulties were also connected to the low number of places available at each course at the university and the students’ inability to pay the high fees. In the race for entering university, it was important to have good marks. However, the handling of marks was not always done in a professional way by the teachers. The students gave examples of how teachers demand money or sexual favours in exchange for good marks, and they were aware of the consequences of offering such sexual favours and provided many solutions to get rid of the problem. One solution was to avoid dressing ‘sexy’, while others were to start campaigns, meetings or groups where these issues are discussed. The teachers’ view was that Mozambican education faces many difficulties, such as too many students, lack of properly built schools, lack of material and the students’ lack of motivation. The teachers acknowledged that there is a problem of teachers abusing female students sexually, or selling marks to students, and emphasised that teachers have to follow the ethics of their profession. Much information on female education in Mozambique was provided by the ONP, the Ministry of Education and the Board of Education in the City of Maputo, where it was discovered that the number of female students in the city of Maputo is actually equal to the number of male student, despite the disparity in the country. Some of the teachers as well as the officials claimed that the issue of sexual abuse is most common in the countryside. However, the students’ awareness and experiences of the problem imply that it exists in Maputo as well, and that the students have the possibility to do something about it. Furthermore, it is evident through campaigns and work done by organisations and authorities that it is considered a problem which has to be stopped. Moreover, concerning all the issues the students find problematic, most of them show awareness and strength and will to change things for the better. Hence, when working for improving education and especially regarding the issues brought up by the students, it is important to listen to the students’ ideas and let them participate.

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Kachel, Sven Verfasser], Melanie C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Steffens, Meike [Akademischer Betreuer] Kroneisen, and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Reese. "Social markers of sexual orientation and gender in speech and appearance: a combination of producer- and perceiver-centered approaches / Sven Kachel ; Melanie C. Steffens, Meike Kroneisen, Gerhard Reese." Landau : Universität Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1150704721/34.

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Carreiro, Carlos Riedel Porto. "Inovações tecnológicas na sexagem, manejo reprodutivo e crescimento do pirarucu, Arapaima gigas (SCHINZ, 1822), (Actinopterygii, Arapaimidae) cultivado no Centro de Pesquisas em Aquicultura Rodolpho von Ihering (CPA) do DNOCS, Pentecoste, Estado do Ceará." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18706.

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CARREIRO, Carlos Riedel Porto. Inovações tecnológicas na sexagem, manejo reprodutivo e crescimento do pirarucu, Arapaima gigas (SCHINZ, 1822), (Actinopterygii, Arapaimidae) cultivado no Centro de Pesquisas em Aquicultura Rodolpho von Ihering (CPA) do DNOCS, Pentecoste, Estado do Ceará. 2012. 136 f. : Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Fortaleza-CE, 2012 Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-07-26T12:16:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_crpcarreiro.pdf: 18907754 bytes, checksum: 0908fc84040d7539c531f59a7e7ae49f (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-07-26T12:17:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_crpcarreiro.pdf: 18907754 bytes, checksum: 0908fc84040d7539c531f59a7e7ae49f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-26T12:17:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_tese_crpcarreiro.pdf: 18907754 bytes, checksum: 0908fc84040d7539c531f59a7e7ae49f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 The present study deals with aspects of sexing, breeding, nursery and growth of pirarucu, Arapaima gigas, presented in four chapters. The first chapter revealed historical aspects of introduction and reintroduction of pirarucu. Now, the reintroduction of pirarucu in the past decade had another purpose, which was the development of studies in research management, growth and reproduction. In the second chapter we have developed different technologies for pirarucu sex identification: ultrasound, which generated different images for male and female gonads; laparoscopy that generated clear images of the gonads, and can distinguish gonadal stages. Was a tested variation in levels of estradiol and testosterone hormones in fingerling and juvenile, not being able to use this methodology to determine the sex because there is no correlation between the concentration of hormones and the length of pirarucus. RAPD reactions were used to determine polymorphisms with sex of Arapaima gigas, indicating the need for further studys. In third chapter we studied some of the many aspects that helped the reproduction management: The rainfall showed a positive correlation with the frequency of spawn pirarucu in Ceara state, Brazil; This chapter also describes the utilization of electronic transponders; No mortality was recorded during two years study, the introduction of electronic transponders also revealed a new dynamic of courtship behavior, with resultant formation of new pirarucu couples. Another aspect described in the third chapter was the pirarucu food training, step of importance in pirarucu fish farming. There were two systems of training food – The first one use gradual transition from live food to commercial food and seconds left fingerling in parental care. The system of weaning showed lower survival rates, however, righter growth and weight. The gradual transition showed higher survival and lower growth and weight. Anesthetics were tested (chloroform and menthol); Menthol has been used successfully in adults and juveniles with administration by spray gills. The chloroform was effective anesthetics immediately after inhalation, running directly to the stage of surgical anesthesia. The fourth chapter studies were performed growth and weight of pirarucu fry and juveniles to commercial size, initially using samples with an average weight of 1g, ending after 19 months of cultivation, with an average weight of 10,000 g. A tese trata da sexagem, reprodução, alevinagem e crescimento do pirarucu, Arapaima gigas. No primeiro capítulo foram revelados aspectos históricos da introdução e reintrodução do pirarucu nos açudes do nordeste do Brasil objetivando o desenvolvimento de pesquisas de manejo, crescimento e reprodução voltadas à produção aquícola. No segundo capítulo foram desenvolvidas diferentes tecnologias para a identificação sexual do pirarucu: ultrassom, que gerou imagens distintas para gônadas masculinas e femininas; a laparoscopia que gerou imagens nítidas das gônadas, distinguindo-se inclusive estágios de ovócitos. Testou-se ainda as variações nos níveis de estradiol e testosterona em alevinos e juvenis de pirarucu, não sendo possível a utilização deste método para determinação do sexo, em virtude de não haver correlação entre a concentração dos hormônios e o comprimento dos pirarucus. Reações de RAPD foram utilizadas buscando determinar polimorfismos entre sexo de espécimes de pirarucu, indicando a necessidade de estudos mais profundos e testes com novos primers. No terceiro capítulo foram estudados alguns aspectos do manejo reprodutivo: As precipitações pluviais apresentaram correlação positiva com a frequência de desovas do pirarucu no Ceará, sendo março o mês de maior ocorrência. Ainda neste capítulo, descreve-se a implantação de transponders eletrônicos em pirarucus; A introdução dos transponders revelou uma nova dinâmica comportamental de cortejo, com formação de novos casais. Outro aspecto foi o treinamento alimentar. Foram observados dois sistemas de treinamento alimentar – o primeiro com utilização de transição gradual de alimento vivo para ração comercial seca e o segundo com alevinos deixados nos viveiros de reprodução com cuidado parental, estes sofreram maior mortalidade apresentando ainda comprimento e peso superiores aos exemplares submetidos ao regime de transição alimentar. O regime de transição alimentar mostrou índices de sobrevivência superiores ao cuidado parental apresentando, porém, crescimento e peso inferiores. Foi testado o uso anestésicos (Mentol e clorofórmio); O mentol foi utilizado com sucesso em juvenis e adultos. O clorofórmio apresentou efeito anestésico imediato após a inalação, levando o espécime diretamente ao estágio de anestesia cirúrgica. No quarto capítulo foram realizados estudos de crescimento e peso de alevinos e juvenis até o tamanho comercial, utilizando inicialmente exemplares com peso médio de 1g, finalizando, após 18 meses de cultivo, com peso médio de 10kg.

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Ruiz, Karine Pequeno Nakao. "Análise molecular de amostras negativas para o antígeno específico da próstata (PSA) coletadas de vítimas de crimes sexuais." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9469.

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Submitted by Vasti Diniz (vastijpa@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-08T14:06:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2742380 bytes, checksum: cf8f43acdec2329a5d6d78a8a373b6b7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-08T14:06:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2742380 bytes, checksum: cf8f43acdec2329a5d6d78a8a373b6b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-20 The finding of sperm through the screening tests on samples collected from rape victims confirms the occurrence of the sexual act, but its absence usually closes biological research in the crime in question, leaving a gap about the authorship of the crime, as well as about the criminal typification. The present work aimed to analyze the need of implementation in forensic routine of Genetics Laboratories of molecular analysis of negative samples to the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) collected from sex crimes victims. Vaginal swabs were selected and proceedings collected from 200 women who have been victims of those crimes in Paraíba from January 2015 to January 2016. Such materials had been sorted and presented negative result for PSA. Proceeded to the sample quantification by Real-time PCR using the Plexor® HY kit and there was a far greater concentration of autosomal DNA in relation to the male DNA. With the use of thermal cyclers GeneAmp® PCR System 9700, 200 DNA samples extracted from the sperm fraction (SF) were amplified for Y-STR with the use of PowerPlex® Y23 Systems and AmpFlSTR® Yfiler PCR Amplification kits. Such products have been subjected to capillary electrophoresis in genetic sequencer ABI PRISM™ 3500 Genetic Analyzer and the results analyzed by GeneMapper® ID software v 3.2. The fractions analyzed, only two full profiles amplification (1%), 24 (12%) partials, while the 174 remaining samples (87%) did not present any amplification. Screening with PSA testing negative served, statistically, how to determine guiding absence of sperm in swabs of vaginal origin and anally for victims of sex crimes. However, in this study were analyzed samples from rape victims. Due to the large social call caused by this type of crime, any nonzero statistic must be acceptable to a presumptive test. The results obtained have awakened to the need to study a new way of sorting this material, as well as the repetition of some analytical steps in order to get a genetic profile informative for illicit criminal resolution. A constatação de espermatozoides, através dos testes de triagem, em amostras coletadas de vítimas de estupro confirma a ocorrência do ato sexual, todavia a sua ausência geralmente encerra a investigação biológica no crime em questão, ficando uma lacuna quanto à autoria do delito, bem como quanto à tipificação penal. O presente trabalho objetivou analisar a necessidade de implantação na rotina dos laboratórios de genética forense da análise molecular de amostras negativas para o antígeno específico da próstata (PSA) coletadas de vítimas de crimes sexuais. Foram selecionadas swabs vaginais e anais coletados de 200 mulheres que foram vítimas desses crimes na Paraíba entre os meses de janeiro de 2015 e janeiro de 2016. Tais materiais haviam sido triados e apresentaram resultado negativo para PSA. Procedeu-se à quantificação amostral por PCR em tempo real, com uso do kit Plexor® HY e observou-se uma concentração bem maior de DNA autossômico com relação ao DNA masculino. Com uso de termocicladores GeneAmp® PCR System 9700, 200 amostras de DNA extraído das frações espermáticas (FE) foram amplificadas para Y-STR com o emprego dos sistemas PowerPlex® Y23 System e AmpFlSTR® Yfiler® PCR Amplification. Tais produtos foram submetidos à eletroforese capilar em seqüenciador genético ABI PRISM 3500™ Genetic Analyzer e os resultados analisados pelo software GeneMapper® ID v3.2. Das frações analisadas, constatou-se amplificação de apenas dois perfis completos (1%), 24 parciais (12%), enquanto as 174 amostras restantes (87%) não apresentaram amplificação alguma. O teste de triagem com PSA negativo serviu, estatisticamente, como norteador para se determinar a ausência de esperma em swabs de origem vaginal e anal das vítimas de crimes sexuais. Contudo, no presente trabalho foram analisadas amostras provenientes de vítimas de estupro. Devido ao grande apelo social provocado por esse tipo de crime, nenhuma estatística diferente de zero deve ser aceitável para um teste presuntivo. Os resultados obtidos despertaram para a necessidade de estudar uma nova forma de triagem desse material, bem como pela repetição de alguns passos analíticos no intuito de se obter um perfil genético informativo para resolução do ilícito penal.

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Silva, Junior Mauricio Moreira 1978. "Caracterização do estroma reativo no câncer de próstata : envolvimento de fatores de crescimento, metaloproteinases de matriz, receptores de hormônios sexuais e células-tronco prostáticas." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313129.

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Orientador: Wagner José Fávaro, Ubirajara Ferreira Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T23:53:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvaJunior_MauricioMoreira_M.pdf: 2314249 bytes, checksum: be24263c754c5e69f527d328e09d006b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 Resumo: Caracterização do Estroma Reativo na Progressão do Câncer de Próstata: Envolvimento dos Fatores de Crescimento, Metaloproteinases da Matriz, Receptores de Hormônios Sexuais e Células-Tronco Prostáticas RESUMO A contribuição do estroma para a progressão do câncer de próstata (CaP) ainda é pouco conhecida. As células neoplásicas podem alterar seu componente estromal adjacente para formar um ambiente que possibilita e suporta a progressão tumoral. A modificação desse estroma é denominado de estroma reativo (EstR), o qual ocorre em muitos tipos de cânceres humanos relacionando-se à progressão e recidiva tumorais. Os fatores de crescimento e as metaloproteinases da matriz (MMP) são altamente expressos no CaP e podem atuar como fatores de crescimento parácrinos e/ ou autócrinos. As relações entre os hormônios sexuais esteróides e seus receptores com os fatores de crescimento e MMPs são cruciais reguladores da homeostase prostática, sendo fundamental o entendimento dessas relações com o desenvolvimento do EstR e progressão do CaP. Além disso, a ocorrência das células-tronco prostáticas cancerosas representam um passo importante na patogênese glandular. Assim, os objetivos principais do presente estudo foram caracterizar morfológica e molecularmente o microambiente do EstR em amostras com CaP, bem como encontrar alguma associação dos fatores de crescimento, MMPs, receptores de hormônios sexuais esteróides e células-tronco cancerosas na sua patogênese. Além disso, verificou-se a relevância da reatividade estromal e de seus marcadores moleculares na progressão do CaP.O presente trabalho baseou-se em estudo retrospectivo, o qual utilizou 40 amostras prostáticas de pacientes, na faixa etária de 60 a 80 anos, com diagnóstico de CaP. Tais amostras foram divididas em 2 grupos (20 amostras por grupo): Grupo 1: amostras de CaP sem estroma reativo; Grupo 2: amostras de CaP com intensa reatividade estromal; e posteriormente submetidas à análises histopatológicas e imunohistoquímicas. Os resultados demonstraram que o EstR foi caracterizado morfologicamente pela significativa diminuição das fibras musculares lisas e pela abundante quantidade de fibras colágenas no estroma adjacente aos ácinos neoplásicos. Intensa reatividade estromal foi verificada nos tumores de graus intermediário (Gleason 7, 3+4) e alto (Gleason 7, 4+3). Com relação à caracterização molecular do EstR, os presentes resultados demonstraram imunorreatividades aumentadas para vimentina, IGF-1, MMP-2, FGF-2 e C-Myc nas amostras com intensa reatividade estromal quando comparadas às amostras sem reatividade estromal. As imunorreatividades para AR e ER'alfa' foram aumentadas nas amostras prostáticas com intensa reatividade estromal Em contraste, a imunorreatividade para o ER'beta' foi aumentada nas amostras sem reatividade estromal. Com relação à ocorrência das células-tronco prostáticas cancerosas, estas ocorreram com maior frequência no estroma com intensa reatividade estromal. Considerando os dados em conjunto, pode-se concluir que o EstR pode ser considerado um marcador preditivo o da progressão do CaP, uma vez que este foi mais frequente nos tumores de intermediário e alto graus. As imunorreatividades aumentadas para vimentina, IGF-1, MMP-2, FGF-2 e C-Myc foram fundamentais para a ativação do EstR e tornaram o microambiente prostático favorável à progressão do câncer, devido a potencialização do desequilíbrio da interação epitélio-estroma. As imunorreatividades aumentadas para AR e ER? demonstraram o envolvimento desses receptores tanto na sinalização para o aumento dos fatores de crescimento e metaloproteinases da matriz quanto nos mecanismos de ativação do EstR. Em contraste, a sinalização do ER? indicou papel inibitório desse receptor nos mecanismos de ativação do EstR e na progressão tumoral. Finalmente, a ocorrência de células-tronco prostáticas cancerosas indicou um possível envolvimento dessas células na sinalização para o desenvolvimento do EstR e progressão do CaP Abstract: haracterization of Reactive Stroma in the Progression of Prostate Cancer: Involvement of Growth Factors, Matrix Metalloproteinases, Receptors, Sex Hormones and Prostatic Stem Cells ABSTRACT The contribution of the stroma to the progression of prostate cancer (CaP) cancer is still unknown. The cancer cells can alter their adjacent stromal component to form an environment that enables and supports tumor progression. A modification of this is called the stroma reactive stroma (EstR), which occurs in many types of human cancers relating to the progression and tumor recurrence. Growth factors and matrix metalloproteinasys (MMP) are highly expressed in CaP and can act as a paracrine and / or autocrine growth factors. The relationship between sex steroid hormones and their receptors with growth factors and MMPs are crucial regulators of prostatic homeostasis, a fundamental understanding of these relationships with the development and progression of Estr of CaP. Moreover, addition, the occurrence of prostate stem cells cancer represent an important step in the pathogenesis glandular. Thus, the main objectives of this study were to characterize the morphological and molecular microenvironment EstR in samples with CaP as well as find some association of growth factors, MMPs, sex steroid hormone receptors and cancer stem cells in its pathogenesis. Furthermore, we verified the relevance of stromal reactivity and its molecular markers in the progression of CaP. The present work was based on a retrospective study, which used 40 prostate samples from patients, aged 60-80 years, diagnosis of CaP. These samples were divided into 2 groups (20 samples per group): Group 1: CaP samples without reactive stroma; Group 2: CaP samples with intense stromal reactivity; and subsequently subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical analyzes. The resulted showed that EstR was morphologically characterized by the significant reduction of smooth muscle fibers and the abundant amount of collagen fibers in the stroma adjacent to the neoplastic acini. Intense reactivity was observed in stromal tumors of intermediate grades (Gleason 7, 3 +4) and high (Gleason 7, 4 +3). With respect to the molecular characterization of EstR, our results showed increased vimentin immunoreactivity, IGF-1, MMP-2, FGF-2 and C-Myc in samples with intense stromal reactivity when compared to samples without stromal reactivity. The immunoreactivity for AR and ER'alfa' were elevated in prostatic stromal samples with intense reactivity In contrast, immunostaining for ER"beta' was increased in samples with no stromal reactivity. With regard to the occurrence of prostate cancer stem cells, they occurred more frequently in the stroma with intense stromal reactivity. Considering the data together, we can conclude that the EstR can be considered a predictive marker of the progression of CaP, since this was more common in tumors intermediate, and high grades. The immunoreactivity increased vimentin, IGF-1, MMP-2, FGF-2 and C-Myc were essential for the activation of rd and made a favorable microenvironment for prostate cancer progression due to the potentiating imbalance of epithelial-stromal interaction. The immunoreactivity increased to AR and ER? demonstrated the involvement of these receptors in signaling both to the increase of growth factors and matrix metalloproteinasys as the engine that activation EstR. In contrast, ER? showed inhibitory signaling role of this receptor in the mechanism of activation of the rd and in tumor progression. Finally, the occurrence of prostate cancer stem cells indicated a possible involvement of these cells in signaling for EstR development and progression of CaP Mestrado Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica Mestre em Ciências

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Santos, Renato Vale. "Desigualdade de rendimentos e discrimina????o por g??nero no Brasil em 1999." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FJP, 2005. http://www.repositorio.fjp.mg.gov.br/handle/123456789/270.

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Submitted by Gustavo Gomes (gustavolascasas@gmail.com) on 2014-03-11T14:47:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Desigualdade de rendimentos.pdf: 730278 bytes, checksum: 9bdfe2bd28d5d5eb6b90a6c1ef41b70d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Roger Guedes (roger.guedes@fjp.mg.gov.br) on 2014-03-11T17:11:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Desigualdade de rendimentos.pdf: 730278 bytes, checksum: 9bdfe2bd28d5d5eb6b90a6c1ef41b70d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-03-11T17:11:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Desigualdade de rendimentos.pdf: 730278 bytes, checksum: 9bdfe2bd28d5d5eb6b90a6c1ef41b70d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 Funda????o Jo??o Pinheiro Esta disserta????o tem por objetivo estudar as diferen??as de rendimentos por g??nero no mercado de trabalho brasileiro em 1999. Especificamente, procuramos estudar e mensurar a discrimina????o e a exist??ncia do fen??meno glass ceiling, que representa uma barreira invis??vel no crescimento dos rendimentos das mulheres em rela????o aos homens nos quantis mais elevados da distribui????o de rendimentos. Utilizamos a metodologia de Machado e Mata (2004), que consiste na estima????o da distribui????o marginal de rendimentos consistente com a distribui????o condicional estimada pelo m??todo de regress??o quant??lica. Est?? t??cnica possibilita averiguar o impacto de cada covari??vel e sua respectiva contribui????o na diferen??a de rendimentos entre os g??neros ao longo da escala de quantis, propiciando assim, mais informa????es que o m??todo tradicional de m??nimos quadrados ordin??rios. Podemos tamb??m decompor as mudan??as na distribui????o de rendimentos entre os g??neros, em mudan??as atribu??das ??s caracter??sticas observ??veis dos trabalhadores, ou atributos, e mudan??as atribu??das aos retornos destas caracter??sticas, ou os coeficientes. Os resultados mostram que existem diferencias explicados apenas pelos coeficientes, e eles s??o bastante heterog??neos. Sendo positivas paras as mulheres nos rendimentos mais baixos e negativos para os rendimentos mais altos da distribui????o. Encontramos evid??ncias consider??veis de que existe glass ceiling no mercado de trabalho do Brasil. Economia e Finan??as

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Costa, Katiuscia Brito Teixeira da. "Violações de direitos humanos em contextos de tráfico internacional de mulheres para fins de exploração sexual: uma análise de relatórios do Ministério da Justiça e da Comissão executiva de enfrentamento ao tráfico de pessoas do Estado de Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4664.

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Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2015-10-19T19:16:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Katiúscia Brito Teixeira da Costa - 2015.pdf: 554205 bytes, checksum: 8c12fa80a007cafa24c9963c998dcce0 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-20T11:02:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Katiúscia Brito Teixeira da Costa - 2015.pdf: 554205 bytes, checksum: 8c12fa80a007cafa24c9963c998dcce0 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-20T11:02:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Katiúscia Brito Teixeira da Costa - 2015.pdf: 554205 bytes, checksum: 8c12fa80a007cafa24c9963c998dcce0 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES This present work depicts the results of an investigation in search for a better understanding of how gender relations apply to the interfaces of human trafficking, international migration and labor. The emphasis comprised females who departed from the state of Goiás and were exploited afterwards, especially in the sex industry abroad. In recent decades, the international debate on human trafficking intensified and led to the formulation, harmonization and implementation of legal regulations amidst political clashes which claims human trafficking as a crucial issue for governments and related entities for human rights. In the meantime, the expansion of the engagement in the fight against trafficking and its varied expressions of rights violations also enabled the explanation of critical reflections, as well as unveiled impasses in terms of definition, knowledge production and the ability to fight it. The resulting out of the association with human trafficking and undocumented migration types often induces a connection with crime and lawlessness, and also perceives trafficking as a threat to national security. Although trafficking in women is not related unequivocally to the sex industry this relationship is favored by the lack of worker protection in this activity. The research design of this work aimed to analyze reports from both Ministry of Justice and CEETOGO released in 2013 and 2014 as a methodological challenge. These documents uncovered difficulties in terms of information gathering and data processing, moreover the need to expand assistance and reintegration networks to cope with these women. Thus, the elements shown in the reports, mainly the regional ones have got the capacity to subside specific public policies. Through documentary survey it was possible to identify and analyze reports of multiple rights violations suffered by trafficked women, before and during and after the experience of trafficking. As a result, the investigation dares to question and discuss actions of the Brazilian government along with the state government on the issue. A presente dissertação apresenta resultados de uma investigação que foi impulsionada pela curiosidade em melhor compreender e explicar as relações de gênero que permeiam as interfaces entre tráfico de pessoas, migrações internacionais e o mundo do trabalho. A ênfase dada foi em mulheres que partiram do estado de Goiás e foram exploradas, sobretudo na indústria do sexo, no exterior. Intensificado nas últimas décadas, o debate internacional sobre tráfico de pessoas culminou na formulação, harmonização e implementação de normativas legais em meio ao cenário de embates políticos que o elege como problema crucial por governos e entidades relacionadas aos direitos humanos. Em meio à ampliação do engajamento na luta contra essa modalidade de tráfico e suas variadas expressões de violações de direitos, também expandiram as reflexões críticas, sendo que estas inferem impasses em termos de delimitação, definição, produção de conhecimento e capacidade enfrentamento do tráfico. A decorrente associação entre tráfico de pessoas e modalidades de migração não documentada induz a uma conexão com a ilegalidade e criminalidade, reforçando o tráfico como ameaça à segurança nacional. Embora o tráfico de mulheres não se vincule de maneira unívoca à indústria do sexo essa relação é favorecida pela falta de proteção dos trabalhadores nesse setor de atividade. O desenho da pesquisa teve como desafio metodológico a realização de uma análise de relatórios do Ministério da Justiça e da Comissão Executiva de Enfrentamento ao Tráfico de Pessoas do Estado de Goiás que foram publicados nos anos de 2013 e 2014. Os relatórios analisados revelaram a dificuldade que ainda permeia a coleta e a coesão de dados, além da necessidade de ampliação da rede de acolhimento e reinserção dessas mulheres. Assim, os elementos presentes nos relatórios, sobretudo os regionais, possuem a capacidade de subsidiar políticas públicas específicas. Por meio do levantamento documental foi possível identificar e meta-analisar relatos de múltiplas violações de direitos sofridas pelas mulheres traficadas, tanto antes, quanto durante e após a experiência do tráfico. Como desdobramento da investigação ousamos problematizar e discutir as ações necessárias do governo brasileiro, e do governo estadual, diante da problemática.

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Andersson, Lina (current name Aldén Lina). "Essays on economic outcomes of immigrants and homosexuals." Doctoral thesis, Växjö universitet, Ekonomihögskolan, EHV, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-6010.

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This thesis consists of five essays on the economic outcomes of immigrants and homosexuals on the labour and housing market. Essay I evaluates the effect of an in-work benefit on the labour supply of single immigrant women by means of simulation. Although, on average, there is no significant effect, we find that the in-work benefit increases the working hours of single women with low incomes and slightly decreases the working hours of those with high incomes. The increase in working hours is primarily a result of increased participation. As expected, the positive effect is largest for the immigrant groups with the lowest participation rates and lowest labour incomes. Essay II studies intergenerational transmissions in self-employment. The results show that immigrants transfer general human capital over three generations in the sense that individuals whose fathers and grandfathers are self-employed have a higher self-employment propensity. For natives, only the father’s self-employment affects the son’s probability of becoming self-employed. Furthermore, the results show that natives transfer specific human capital from father to son, which increases the probability of sons becoming self-employed in the industry in which their fathers are self-employed. Essay III explores the effect of self-employment experience on subsequent earnings and the employment of male and female immigrant wage earners. We find that, relative to continued wage employment, self-employment is associated with lower earnings and difficulties in returning to paid employment for both immigrant men and women. The effect is less severe for natives. Among immigrant groups, the results give little support that self-employment experience improves earnings and employment prospects compared to experience from wage employment. Essay IV applies a field experiment to investigate how increasing the information about applicants affects discrimination against male Arab/Muslim applicants on the rental housing market. The Arab/Muslim applicants received fewer responses from the landlords than did the Swedish applicants. All of the applicants gained by providing more information about themselves, but the magnitude of discrimination against the Arab/Muslim applicants remained unchanged, indicating that increasing the amount of applicant information will not reduce discrimination. Essay V studies possible discrimination against lesbians in the rental housing market using a field experiment. We let two fictitious couples, one heterosexual and one homosexual, apply for vacant apartments on the Internet. We then explored if there were differences in callbacks, invitations to further contact and/or showings. The results show no indication of differential treatment of lesbians by landlords.

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Alpha-Wurie, Isatta Mamyiye. "Investigating HIV/AIDS prevalence in an antenatal population using sexually transmitted infections : (hepatitis B (HBsAg), syphilis (THPA) and genital herpes (HSV2)) and conflict related influences as risk markers in Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429671.

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Villotte, Sébastien. "Enthésopathies et activités des hommes préhistoriques - Recherche méthodologique et application aux fossiles européens du Paléolithique supérieur et du Mésolithique." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460387.

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Les enthésopathies sur le squelette sont considérées comme des "marqueurs d'activité" en anthropologie biologique. L'étude de tels "marqueurs" pour des fossiles européens du Paléolithique supérieur et du Mésolithique offre l'opportunité d'enrichir notre connaissance des comportements et des modes de vie de ces populations et d'en illustrer certains aspects inconnus, notamment la division sexuelle du travail. Les lacunes méthodologiques (absence de référence médicale et de validation) que présente cette approche m'ont conduit à proposer une nouvelle méthode d'étude. Cette méthode, composée de 4 systèmes de cotation, a été testée sur un échantillon de référence (âge au décès, sexe et activité connus). L'analyse a permis de caractériser une relation entre les modifications osseuses et l'activité physique pour l'un des systèmes. Ce dernier a ensuite été appliqué à un ensemble de fossiles européens du Paléolithique supérieur et du Mésolithique (n = 95) dont les caractéristiques biologiques (âge et sexe) ont été réévaluées au moyen de méthodes fiables. Les résultats attestent de l'intérêt de la démarche. D'une part, ils permettent d'avancer l'hypothèse d'une division sexuelle du travail à ces périodes, avec une pratique du lancer dévolue aux hommes. Ils révèlent d'autre part des différences comportementales entre les populations gravettiennes et celles des périodes plus récentes, impliquant notamment une réduction des distances parcourues et une intensification de l'exploitation du milieu à la fin du Paléolithique supérieur et au Mésolithique.

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Mour?o, Rochele Vasconcelos Castelo Branco. "Fatores que influenciam a coopera??o em humanos." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17225.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RocheleVCBM_TESE.pdf: 2095393 bytes, checksum: 3e32df9736d15e4a91bb5cabe3afd11b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior Human cooperation is fundamentally affected by reciprocal exchange, but it is also remarkably common on the context of large and symbolically marked in-groups, which promote cooperation through the feeling of belonging to a group. In this thesis, two empirical articles were produced in order to investigate how human cooperation is affected by factors such as reciprocity, in-group behavior, in-group markers and gender. We investigated this subject through the administration of online games consisting of token donations, on which the subjects faced virtual players controlled by the experiment. We found that cooperative behavior is strongly influenced by reciprocity, and it is also affected by the in-group behavior, observed on the context of the social variables place of birth, ethnicity, and religions, once all of them acted as in-group markers. The subjects? in-group behavior was enhanced when they played with generous in-group opponents, but weakened when their in-group opponents were non-generous. It was also found that cooperation is not affected by gender, but men and women cooperated in different ways under the influence of reciprocity and in-group behavior. Women are much more reciprocal on their cooperative behavior and men are less willing to cooperate with outgroupers, even when they act generously. The overall results contribute to a better understanding of the adaptive value of cooperation, reciprocity and in-group behavior on the solution of important challenges through the human evolutionary history A coopera??o humana, al?m ser fundamentada pelas trocas rec?procas, desenvolve-se notadamente dentro de grupos extensos e simbolicamente marcados, nos quais existe a presen?a de marcadores de grupos, elementos que promovem a coopera??o por indicar pertin?ncia compartilhada. Na presente tese de doutorado, foram produzidos dois artigos emp?ricos que investigaram como a coopera??o humana se organiza diante dos fatores reciprocidade, comportamento de favorecimento de grupos, influ?ncia de marcadores de grupo e sexo dos indiv?duos. O m?todo de investiga??o consistiu no emprego de jogos online de doa??o de fichas, nos quais os sujeitos interagiam com jogadores virtuais controlados pelo experimento. Em linhas gerais, verificamos que o comportamento cooperativo sofre forte influ?ncia da reciprocidade. A coopera??o tamb?m ? afetada pelo favorecimento de grupos, comportamento que emergiu sob a influ?ncia das vari?veis naturalidade, etnia e religi?o, as quais atuaram como marcadores de grupo. O comportamento de favorecimento de grupos dos sujeitos mostrou-se amplificado na condi??o em que os parceiros de grupo cooperaram de forma generosa e enfraquecido na condi??o em que os parceiros de grupo foram pouco generosos. Verificamos tamb?m que a coopera??o n?o ? afetada pelo sexo dos indiv?duos. Por outro lado, homens e mulheres cooperam de forma diferenciada sob a influ?ncia da reciprocidade e do comportamento de favorecimento de grupos: as mulheres apresentam um perfil mais rec?proco na coopera??o e os homens cooperam pouco com os indiv?duos que n?o pertencem ao seu grupo, mesmo quando estes s?o generosos. Os resultados dos trabalhos, tomados em conjunto, contribuem para a compreens?o do valor adaptativo da coopera??o, da reciprocidade e do comportamento de favorecimento de grupos na solu??o de desafios na hist?ria evolutiva do homem

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Gaujac, Danielle Pereira. "Influência do hipotireoidismo gestacional experimental no comportamento ingestivo e perfil metabólico da prole de ratas." Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3965.

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Recent experimental approaches attribute value to events occurring during intrauterine life as crucial in the onset of several diseases during postnatal life. Thyroid hormones (TH) are critical to the physiology of metabolism and body development. The aim of this study was to investigate the repercussions of lack of TH during pregnancy on body mass gain, metabolic profile, ingestive behavior of food, sodium (0.3M NaCl) and water in rat offspring at different postnatal ages. The experimental gestational hypothyroidism (EGH) was induced by the administration of 0.02% methimazole (MMI) in ad libitum drinking water from day 9 of gestation until delivery. Offspring (males and females) from MMI-treated dams (OMTD) were compared to their corresponding control offspring (i.e. male and female offspring from water-treated dams; OWTD). Insulin tolerance test (ITT) and glucose tolerance test (GTT) were also performed. Two- or three-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-test were performed when necessary. OMTD showed lower body weight on PND 23 and 30 (p<0.0001). Similar profile was observed when the offspring were separated by gender, at least during the experimental period (PND 60, 90 and 120; p<0.0001 for both genders). However, there was no difference in the amount of food intake when males of OMTD (m-OMTD) were compared to OWTD (m-OWTD). Female of OMTD (f-OMTD) had lower ability to reduce glucose plasma level at ITT (p = 0.0224), otherwise, no change in GTT (p = 0.1313) was observed. At PND 60, glucose plasma level was higher in f-OMTD than in f-OWTD (p = 0.013). In m-OMTD, plasma cholesterol was higher in PND 60 and lower on PND 120 (p <0.0001), when compared to m-OWTD. In f-OMTD, cholesterol was lower only at PND 120 (p = 0.035). The high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was lower in OMTD on PND 15 and 30 (p = 0.04) and remained lower only in f-OMTD on PND 120 (p = 0.024). Moreover, EGH induced an increased in plasma triglycerides (TGL), as well as, in serum level of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol in offspring at DPN 15 (p = 0.039) and also after puberty (at DPN 60), but only the m-OMTD (p < 0.0001). The serum urea was lower in OMTD on PND 15 and 30. Interestingly, serum urea was inverted at DPN 60 in both, m- and f-OMTD (p = 0.006, and p = 0.003, respectively), when compared to their respective control groups. At PND 120, retroperitoneal fat weight was lower both in m- (p = 0.05) and f-OMTD (p = 0.009). Additionally, at all studied ages, relative kidney and liver mass was lower in m- (p = 0.001) and f-OMTD (p = 0.008). In conclusion, we demonstrated, for the first time, that maternal TH are critical to the ontogenetic development of systems that regulate energy metabolism throughout the life of the offspring, resulting in a reduction in body mass, biochemical instability throughout the life, lower sensitivity to insulin in females, and, a delay in the development of critical organs for the metabolism of macronutrients. Recentes abordagens experimentais têm imputado valor aos eventos ocorridos durante a vida intrauterina como cruciais no aparecimento de doenças na vida pós-natal. Os hormônios tireoidianos (HTs) são críticos para fisiologia do metabolismo e desenvolvimento corporal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar as repercussões da carência dos HTs em ratas prenhes na evolução ponderal da massa corporal, perfil bioquímico, comportamento ingestivo de ração, água e sódio (NaCl 0,3M) da prole em diferentes idades pós-natais. O hipotireoidismo gestacional experimental (HGE) foi induzido através da adicão de metimazol 0,02% na água de beber a partir do dia 9 de gestação até o parto. O grupo de prole (machos e fêmeas) de mães hipotireoideanas (PMH) foi comparado ao grupo controle de mães eutireoideanas (PME). Realizou-se o teste de tolerância à insulina (TTI) e o teste de tolerância à glicose (TTG). Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de ANOVA de duas ou três vias, quando necessário, seguidos do pós-teste de Bonferroni. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, observou-se que a PMH apresentou massa corporal menor aos 23 e 30 dias pós-natal (DPN) (p<0,0001). Padrão similar foi encontrado quando as proles foram separadas por gênero, aos 60, 90 e 120 DPN (p<0,0001, para ambos os gêneros). No entanto, não houve diferença significativa na ingestão de ração entre os machos PMH e PME. As fêmeas da prole de mães hipotireoideanas (f-PMH) apresentaram menor capacidade de reduzir a glicemia no TTI (p=0,0224) sem alteração no TTG. Aos 60 DPN, a concentração sérica de glicose foi maior nas f-PMH (p = 0,013) que nas f-PME. Nos machos prole de mães hipotireoideanas (m-PMH) o colesterol plasmático foi elevado aos 60 DPN e reduziu aos 120 DPN (p<0,0001), quando comparado aos machos prole de mães eutireoideanas (m-PME). Nas f-PMH o colesterol sérico foi menor somente aos 120 DPN (p=0,035). O HDL sérico foi menor na PMH aos 15 e 30 DPN (p=0,04), e continuou menor nas f-PMH aos 60, 90 e 120 DPN (p=0,024). Entretanto, o HGE elevou as concentrações séricas de TGL, bem como de VLDL, na PMH aos 15 DPN, e após a puberdade (aos 60 DPN), somente nos m-PMH (p<0,0001). A concentração sérica de ureia foi menor na PMH aos 15 e 30 DPN. Interessantemente, a ureia sérica foi invertida aos 60 DPN, se apresentando elevada tanto em m- (p=0,006) como em f-PMH (p=0,003), quando comparados aos respectivos grupos controle. Aos 120 DPN, a massa da gordura retroperitoneal foi menor tanto em m- (p=0,05) como em f-PMH (p=0,009). Adicionalmente, em todas idades estudadas, as massas relativas dos rins e do fígado foram menores tanto em m- (p=0,001) como em f- da PMH (p=0,008). Em conclusão, demonstrou-se, pela primeira vez, que os HTs maternos são críticos para o desenvolvimento ontogênico de sistemas que regulam o metabolismo de energia ao longo da vida da prole, resultando numa redução da massa corporal, instabilidade bioquímica ao longo da vida, menor sensibilidade à insulina em fêmeas, e um atraso no desenvolvimento de órgãos críticos para o metabolismo de macronutrientes.

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Jiménez, García Juan Ramón. "Las Barreras invisibles para la igualdad: tres estudios sobre las desigualdades étnicas y de género en el mercado de trabajo durante la Gran Recesión." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670134.

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This thesis analyzes ethnics and gender inequalities in access to the labor market during the Great Recession in Spain. The first article illustrates the probabilities of unemployed people to get a job depending on gender, age, level of studies, care responsibilities and level of unemployment in the region of residence. The analytical sample is drawn from the first quarter of the Labor Force Survey for the period 2006-2016. Thanks to these data, access to employment is studied both in the moments before and after the socioeconomic crisis of 2008, taking into account the effect of fatherhood and motherhood on the labor trajectories of men and women. The results show that despite the high destruction of Inasculinized jobs, women had worse employability. In addition, it is shown that despite the fact that a higher educational level ensures better job opportunities for men and women, men ali,vays have more employability. Third, the results lend support to the hypothesis of a motherhood penalty and husband Premia in the access to the labour market. Finally, it establishes that people with foreign nationality are more likely to find a job than people with Spanish nationality. The second article of the thesis analyzes the social integration of the immigrant population and examines to what extent the changes in the economic cycle have coincided with a reconfiguration of the labor market in Spain and with a modification in the integration of foreigners. The selected data are the second quarters of the Labor Force Survey for the 2006-2016 period. The results provide support for the ethnostratification theory, showing a very unequal distribution of immigrants in the socio-occupational structure according to their origin. While immigrants from enricher countries are better located in the occupational structure, those from impoverished countries are over-represented in the lower socio-occupational classes. Although in certain cases, the post-crisis period has meant an improvement in the occupational condition of some groups, the situation is quite stable for other migrants, who seem to be stuck in a time warp. Finally, it is shown that the socio-economic recovery from 2014 only benefited the integration of people with Spanish nationality. The third and last article of the thesis analyses the transitions from the university to the labour market in Spain. Using a sample of 23,885 university graduates in 2009, I assess the probabilities of obtain a job in 2014. The results show that, even though a greater educational investment ensures better job opportunities for graduates, the probabilities of ending up over-educated are higher, especially for women. In addition, I found that graduates from health care and engineering fields of studies are more likely to obtain a job and a quality job than those from scientific, social sciences and humanities careers. Finally, it is found that people from sex-atypical field of studies (i.e. women in masculinized and men in feminized careers) are less likely to obtain a job or a quality job, especially women from masculinized fields of studies. Esta tesis analiza las desigualdades de étnicas y de género en el acceso al mercado de trabajo durante el periodo de la Gran Recesión. El primer artículo estudia las probabilidades que tienen las personas desempleadas de acceder al mercado de trabajo. Los datos empleados para el artículo provienen del primer trimestre de la Encuesta de Población Activa para el periodo 2006-2016. Estos datos permiten estudiar el acceso al empleo tanto en los momentos previos como en los posteriores a la crisis socioeconómica surgida en 2008 y el efecto de las responsabilidades familiares sobre las trayectorias laborales de hombres y mujeres. Los resultados establecen que a pesar de la alta destrucción de empleo masculino consecuencia de la crisis, las mujeres han tenido peores oportunidades de acceder al trabajo ren-žunerado en comparación con sus coetáneos varones. Asimismo, se demuestra que a pesar de que un mayor nivel educativo asegura unas mejores oportunidades laborales para hombres y mujeres, los hombres tienen siempre más opciones de acceder al mercado laboral. En tercer lugar, este artículo confirma la "penalización a la maternidad" —penalización laboral sufrida por las mujeres cuando tienen hijos— y del "premio a la paternidad" —asociación positiva entre la paternidad y la probabilidad de encontrar un empleo—. Finalmente, establece que las personas con nacionalidad extranjera tienen más probabilidades de encontrar un empleo que las personas con nacionalidad española. El segundo artículo de la tesis analiza la integración social de la población inmigrada y examina hasta qué punto los cambios de ciclo económico han coincidido con una reconfiguración del mercado de trabajo en España y con una modificación en la integración de las personas extranjeras. Los datos seleccionados son los segundos trimestres de la Encuesta de Población Activa para el periodo 2006-2016. Los resultados muestran una distribución de la población inmigrada en la estructura social muy desigual en función del origen nacional. Mientras que los inmigrantes de países enriquecidos muestran altas probabilidades de integrarse en las clases sociales más altas, los inmigrantes de países empobrecidos se encuentran sobrerrepresentados en las clases sociales más bajas indistintamente de sus niveles educativos. Finalmente, se demuestra que la recuperación socio-económica dada a partir del año 2014 solo benefició la integración de las personas con nacionalidad española. El tercer y último artículo de la tesis analiza la inserción laboral de los titulados universitarios cinco años después de la finalización de los estudios. Los resultados muestran que si bien las probabilidades de acabar sobreeducados son altas para hombres y mujeres, una mayor inversión educativa asegura mejores oportunidades laborales para ambos. Además, se confirma en la línea de los artículos anteriores, que las mujeres, en igualdades formativas tienen más dificultades que los hombres para acceder a los empleos de calidad. Asimismo, se establece que las carreras que presentan mayor empleabilidad son las sanitarias y las ingenierías y las que peores posibilidades laborales presentan son las científicas, las ciencias sociales y las humanísticas. Por último, se comprueba que las personas con estudios sexo-atípicos —carreras en las que hay una sobrerrepresentación de personas del género opuesto— tienen más dificultades para insertarse laboralmente y mayores probabilidades de acabar sub-empleados situación que se da cuando las personas tienen una formación superior a la demandada en su puesto de trabajo—, especialmente las mujeres con títulos obtenidos en campos masculinizados. Aquesta tesi analitza les desigualtats ètniques i de gènere en l'accés al mercat de treball durant el període de la Gran Recessió. El primer article estudia les probabilitats que tenen les persones desocupades d'accedir al mercat de treball. Les dades emprades per a I f article provenen del primer trimestre de l'Enquesta de Població Activa per al període 2006-2016. Aquestes dades permeten estudiar l'accés a l locupació tant en els moments previs com en els posteriors a la crisi socioeconòmica sorgida el 2008 i l'efecte de les responsabilitats familiars sobre les trajectòries laborals d'homes i dones. Els resultats estableixen que malgrat l'alta destrucció d'ocupació masculina conseqüència de la crisi, les dones han tingut pitjors oportunitats d'accedir al treball remunerat en comparació amb els seus coetanis homes. Així mateix, es demostra que malgrat un major nivell educatiu assegura unes millors oportunitats laborals per a homes i dones, els homes tenen sempre més opcions d t accedir al mercat laboral. En tercer 110c, aquest article confirma la "penalització a la maternitat" —penalització laboral soferta per les dones quan tenen fills— i del "premi a la paternitat" —associació positiva entre la paternitat i la probabilitat de trobar una ocupació—. Finalment, estableix que les persones amb nacionalitat estrangera tenen més probabilitats de trobar una ocupació que les persones amb nacionalitat espanyola. El segon article de la tesi analitza la integració social de la població immigrada i examina fins a quin punt els canvis de cicle econòmic han coincidit amb una reconfiguració del mercat de treball a Espanya i amb una modificació en la integració de les persones estrangeres. Les dades seleccionades provenen dels segons trimestres de l'Enquesta de Població Activa per al període 2006-2016. Els resultats mostren una distribució de la població immigrada en l'estructura social molt desigual en funció de l'origen nacional. Mentre que els immigrants de països enriquits mostren altes probabilitats d'integrar-se en les classes socials més altes, els immigrants de països empobrits es troben sobre-representats en les classes socials més baixes indistintament dels seus nivells educatius. Finalment, es demostra que la recuperació socioeconòmica donada a partir de l'any 2014 només va beneficiar la integració de les persones amb nacionalitat espanyola. El tercer i últim article de la tesi analitza la inserció laboral dels titulats universitaris cinc anys després de la finalització dels estudis. Els resultats mostren que si bé les probabilitats d'acabar sobre-educats són altes per a homes i dones, una major inversió educativa assegura millors oportunitats laborals per a tots dos. A més, es confirma en la línia dels articles anteriors, que les dones, en igualtats formatives tenen més dificultats que els homes per a accedir a les ocupacions de qualitat. Així mateix, s'estableix que les carreres que presenten major ocupabilitat són les sanitàries i les enginyeries i les que pitjors possibilitats laborals presenten són les científiques, les ciències socials i les humanístiques. Finalment, es comprova que les persones amb estudis sexe-atípics carreres en les quals hi ha una sobre-representació de persones del gènere oposat— tenen més dificultats per a inserir-se laboralment i majors probabilitats d'acabar sub-ocupats situació que es dóna quan les persones tenen una formació superior a la demandada en el seu lloc de treball—, especialment les dones amb títols obtinguts en camps masculinizats.

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Escaravage, Nathalie. "Système de reproduction et stratégie de colonisation de Rhododendron ferrugineum L. (ericaceae) (étage subalpin, Alpes du Nord)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10277.

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Pour survivre aux conditions climatiques difficiles de l'environnement montagnard, les plantes ont du developper un certain nombre d'adaptations, aussi bien morphologiques, physiologiques que reproductives. Rhododendron ferrugineum (ericacee), comme la majorite des plantes de milieu alpin, se reproduit a la fois par reproduction sexuee et par propagation vegetative. L'etude de la biologie de la pollinisation de cette espece a revele qu'elle est capable de se reproduire aussi bien par auto que par allogamie (systeme mixte de reproduction sexuee). Les pollinisateurs les plus abondants sont les dipteres, suivi des hymenopteres, principalement les abeilles. D'autres insectes tels que les coleopteres et les fourmis, sont presents en grand nombre, cependant leur role dans l'allopollinisation est limite. La morphologie particuliere de l'androcee est un avantage qui, lors d'un deficit de pollinisateurs, favorise l'assurance reproductive, par l'intermediaire des etamines de petites tailles de meme longueur que le style. La propagation vegetative permet a l'arbuste de monopoliser l'espace et d'atteindre presque 100% de recouvrement. A ce stade de developpement, l'individualisation visuelle des differents genotypes est impossible. Dans une telle population, une etude genetique, utilisant les marqueurs aflp (amplified fragment length polymorphism), a revele une diversite genotypique importante (32 genotypes sur une surface de 200 m#2), l'age estime du plus vieux clone est de 350 ans au minimum. Les resultats indiquent une installation probable des individus sur une periode de 100 ans, par recrutement de plantules puis par marcottage des plus ages, jusqu'a une fermeture complete du milieu et maintien d'une diversite genotypique avec coexistence des clones.

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Arteaga, Villamil María Dolores. "Emergencia y construcción de la Mujer Joven Profesional y su espacios de (re)producción: un estudio comparativo Puebla-Barcelona." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398389.

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La presente investigación tiene como finalidad analizar las múltiples experiencias de dos grupos mujeres jóvenes profesionales y los procesos específicos que dan lugar a su emergencia como figuras condicionadas social, cultural, geográfica en un momento históricamente definido. Entendiendo que ningún sujeto es ajeno a sus condiciones históricas concretas, el planteamiento empírico de esta tesis viene dado por el análisis etnográfico de dos grupos de enfoque en el área urbana de Barcelona (España) y Puebla (México). Por medio de la observación de distintas variables tales como la trayectoria educativa, experiencia profesional, el grado de devoción al trabajo, las relaciones familiares y/o de pareja, las estrategias de conciliación, entre otros; entenderemos como estas mujeres bajo la prescripción de "mujeres profesionales" afrontan fallos, dan la cara a conflictos, manejan tiempos y dominan o ceden espacios. En esta dirección, buscamos dar cuenta —desde los aportes teóricos de los estudios feministas sobre la división sexual del trabajo, la estructuración de las relaciones de clase y los análisis de reproducción social— de la importancia de comprender a la clase y el género cómo dos principios organizadores de la vida social. El abordaje, no viene dado por la observación del trabajo remunerado de las mujeres y su aportación a la economía familiar sino más bien, la participación en el trabajo remunerado como fuente de autonomía individual y como conformador de identidad de un grupo concreto de mujeres que por coyuntura histórica tiene la potencialidad de mayores posibilidades emancipatorias. Nuestros hallazgos dejan ver que el éxito en la construcción de una trayectoria laboral no es casual pues se encuentra en función de los recursos disponibles, ni neutral pues responde en distintos grados al género. Son los arreglos de las familias de origen en conjunción con los discursos y prácticas hegemónicas en el espacio social especifico los que median las formas de acceso de las mujeres a las altas jerarquías laborales, sin embargo aunque se trate de un fenómeno similar posee distintas expresiones. Por un lado, para un grupo, descubrimos cómo la mano de obra femenina más cualificada se configura a través de retóricas individualistas de corte neoliberal como un sujeto perfecto para ser explotado. Al catalogar las elecciones de las mujeres como "racionales", se deja de cuestionar las exigencias prácticas y morales de dos esquemas de trabajo que hacen que la combinación entre carrera y familia sean incompatibles, lo que conduce inevitablemente a la reproducción de formas tradicionales de género. Por otro lado, para otro grupo encontramos la existencia de una compleja fusión de intereses individuales y afectivos con el grupo familiar de origen. Para las mujeres jóvenes de este grupo resulta complicado crear un escenario alejado de los lineamientos del clan familiar. Sin embargo, es gracias a estas robustas y variadas relaciones que las mujeres logran escalar de forma más rápida la jerarquía laboral. En ambos casos observamos que a pesar de la transformación en las oportunidades de las mujeres existe la persistencia de la división sexual del trabajo incluso en espacios pensados como neutrales o en aquellos grupos considerados como más instruidos. This research aims to analyze the multiple experiences of two groups of young professional women and the specific processes that lead to their emergence as socially, culturally, geographically, and historically conditioned figures. Understanding that the subjects cannot be isolated from their historical conditions, the empirical approach is determined by the ethnographic analysis of two focus groups in Barcelona (Spain) and Puebla (Mexico). Beyond perceiving the labor market as a whole, shaped under the same characteristics, we also focus on observing it as a place marked by the forces of local traditions, which includes different power relations, culture, politics, etc. This process has constituted a "new model of woman" that is evaluated differently from its predecessors with regard to life at home and in the workplace. In this sense, Puebla and Barcelona are transnational spaces in which professional women find themselves within the multiple forces of global capital and the traditional culture of gender binaries. Our findings reveal that success in building a career path is not casual and it depends of the available resources. It is also not neutral as it depends in varying degrees on gender. The multiple arrangements from the families of origin in parallel with the hegemonic practices in their specific social space, mediate the forms of access of these women to high labor hierarchies. This phenomenon has different expressions. In one group of women, we discovered how highly qualified women workers are configured through individualistic neoliberal rhetoric as perfect subjects to be exploited. By labeling the many elections of women as "rational", it is left to question the moral and practical demands of two schemes of work that make the combination between career and family to be incompatible, which inevitably leads to the reproduction of traditional forms of gender. In the other group, we find the existence of a complex fusion of individual and affective interests within the entire extended family. For the young women in this group is difficult to create a scenario away from the guidelines of the family clan. Paradoxically, it is thanks to these robust and varied family relationships that these women are able to climb faster in the labor hierarchy. In both cases we note that despite the change in the opportunities for women there is a persistent sexual division of labor even in areas considered to be neutral or in those groups perceived to be more educated.

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Peck, Mikaere Michelle S. "Summerhill school is it possible in Aotearoa ??????? New Zealand ???????: Challenging the neo-liberal ideologies in our hegemonic schooling system." The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2794.

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The original purpose of this thesis is to explore the possibility of setting up a school in Aotearoa (New Zealand) that operates according to the principles and philosophies of Summerhill School in Suffolk, England. An examination of Summerhill School is therefore the purpose of this study, particularly because of its commitment to self-regulation and direct democracy for children. My argument within this study is that Summerhill presents precisely the type of model Māori as Tangata Whenua (Indigenous people of Aotearoa) need in our design of an alternative schooling programme, given that self-regulation and direct democracy are traits conducive to achieving Tino Rangitiratanga (Self-government, autonomy and control). In claiming this however, not only would Tangata Whenua benefit from this model of schooling; indeed it has the potential to serve the purpose of all people regardless of age race or gender. At present, no school in Aotearoa has replicated Summerhill's principles and philosophies in their entirety. Given the constraints of a Master's thesis, this piece of work is therefore only intended as a theoretical background study for a much larger kaupapa (purpose). It is my intention to produce a further and more comprehensive study in the future using Summerhill as a vehicle to initiate a model school in Aotearoa that is completely antithetical to the dominant neo-liberal philosophy of our age. To this end, my study intends to demonstrate how neo-liberal schooling is universally dictated by global money market trends, and how it is an ideology fueled by the indifferent acceptance of the general population. In other words, neo-liberal theory is a theory of capitalist colonisation. In order to address the long term vision, this project will be comprised of two major components. The first will be a study of the principal philosophies that govern Summerhill School. As I will argue, Summerhill creates an environment that is uniquely successful and fulfilling for the children who attend. At the same time, it will also be shown how it is a philosophy that is entirely contrary to a neo-liberal 3 mindset; an antidote, to a certain extent, to the ills of contemporary schooling. The second component will address the historical movement of schooling in Aotearoa since the Labour Party's landslide victory in 1984, and how the New Zealand Curriculum has been affected by these changes. I intend to trace the importation of neo-liberal methodologies into Aotearoa such as the 'Picot Taskforce,' 'Tomorrows Schools' and 'Bulk Funding,' to name but a few. The neo-liberal ideologies that have swept through this country in the last two decades have relentlessly metamorphosised departments into businesses and forced ministries into the marketplace, hence causing the 'ideological reduction of education' and confining it to the parameters of schooling. The purpose of this research project is to act as a catalyst for the ultimate materialization of an original vision; the implementation of a school like Summerhill in Aotearoa. A study of the neo-liberal ideologies that currently dominate this country is imperative in order to understand the current schooling situation in Aotearoa and create an informed comparison between the 'learning for freedom' style of Summerhill and the 'learning to earn' style of our status quo schools. It is my hope to strengthen the argument in favour of Summerhill philosophy by offering an understanding of the difference between the two completely opposing methods of learning.

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Formigo, Mariana Isabel Figueiredo. "Acute and non acute markers of sexual offense. A comparison study." Master's thesis, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/72970.

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Formigo, Mariana Isabel Figueiredo. "Acute and non acute markers of sexual offense. A comparison study." Dissertação, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/72970.

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42

Cameron, Samuel, A. Collins, and F. Hickson. "Metal signals and labour market disadvantage: Empirical evidence on visible body piercings and gay men in the UK." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5906.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of visible body piercings (VBP) in explaining the extent of self‐reported workplace sexual orientation discrimination. Design/methodology/approach – Using the 2002 wave of the UK Gay Mens’ Sex Survey, OLS and logit equations are estimated to analyse the extent of self‐reported denial of job opportunities. Findings – The possession of visible body piercings is shown to increase the level of discriminatory activity. There is evidence that tongue piercings are the major contributory type of body decoration. The overall effect is seemingly ameliorated for those gay men who engage in more extensive concealment effort with regard to their sexual orientation. Research limitations/implications – The sample is to some extent self‐selecting, which may affect the results. Further studies using alternative methodologies would be required to explore this issue. Practical implications – This paper sheds light on the importance, or otherwise, of presumed visual clues such as body piercing in triggering discriminatory behaviour towards gay men. Originality/value – This is the first study to examine the self‐reported experience of post‐entry discrimination by gay men using a major national survey comprising over 15,000 observations.

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CHEN, CHIAO-CHIH, and 陳喬志. "A study of market orientation of picture books in child sexual assault prevention." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26q7q4.

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碩士 正修科技大學 幼兒保育研究所 106 This study investigates awareness of sexual assault prevention (SAP) among parents with different background variables, the need for them to guide their children on SAP with picture books (PBs), and the effectiveness of PBs in SAP. A survey was conducted on a purposive sample of parents who were willing to read PBs together with their children who were kindergarten or elementary school pupils. The questionnaire was based on the ‘Sex Education Assessment Scale for Vocational Students in Special Schools’ compiled by Dr. Sheng-Ru Wu and consisted of three parts: personal profile, the questionnaire for awareness of SAP, and the questionnaire for willingness to use PBs for SAP to communicate related knowledge to children and expected effectiveness. The results of this study after t-test and single factor analysis of variance show that among parent variables, only parent age reaches significance in effectiveness of PBs, whereas the remaining variables all fail to reach significance in awareness of SAP, need for PBs and effectiveness of PBs. Additional related analyses further reveal that there is a positive correlation between awareness of SAP and the need for guiding children on SAP with PBs. Testing with linear regression suggests that learning of social experiences and gender physiology education, with their effects as mediators, are what parents rely on for their expected effectiveness of PBs for SAP for children. The results of this study are provided as references for PB authors to encourage them to become engaged in creating PBs with SAP as the theme, and for education institutions in Taiwan to help them with promotion for the educational goals of SAP.

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Hedtke, Shannon M. "Origin and maintenance of androgenesis : male asexual reproduction in the clam genus Corbicula." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/6875.

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Asexual species which never incorporate novel genetic material from other lineages will go extinct faster than sexually reproducing species, because adaptive variability may be lower and a larger number of harmful mutations may accumulate. One form of asexuality, androgenesis, results in offspring that are clones of the father. Both androgenetic and sexual species are found in the clam genus Corbicula. I used genetic data to explore why there are multiple species of androgenetic Corbicula, and whether genetic exchange occurs between species. I found that in North American locations where two invasive, androgenetic species co-occur, restriction digest mapping of rDNA failed to detect recent nuclear exchange. However, in these same locations, mitochondrial markers were shared between species. In places where only one species was found, mitochondrial markers were unique to that species. This suggests androgenetic clams are able to parasitize eggs of closely related species. Whereas maternal mitochondria are retained in the fertilized egg, maternal nuclear chromosomes are expelled, and the mother incubates male clones of another species. To look at possible gene exchange over the long term, I compared phylogenetic tree topologies of one mitochondrial and two nuclear markers from multiple sexual and androgenetic species. Since several androgenetic species share similar or identical alleles, androgenesis seems to have evolved relatively recently in Corbicula. However, since different androgenetic species also have divergent alleles not shared between species, genetic capture of maternal nuclear DNA from other species may rarely occur. This rare capture of genetic material from other species may permit the long-term persistence of androgenesis in Corbicula. text

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Cainé, Laura Sofia Ramos Mendes. "Y-STR markers, haplotype discrimination and sensibility in sexual assault cases. The impact of different technologies." Master's thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/83549.

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Cainé, Laura Sofia Ramos Mendes. "Y-STR markers, haplotype discrimination and sensibility in sexual assault cases. The impact of different technologies." Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/83549.

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Ko, Yin-Mei, and 柯吟玫. "Study on identification of sexual types, phylogenetic relationships and cultivar identification in papaya using DNA molecular markers." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84614806308271985125.

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碩士 國立臺灣大學 園藝學研究所 93 Hermaphroditic plants are desired for commercial papaya production in most countries. However, the sex type of papaya plant is difficult to be identified during the seedling stage. To obtain the hermaphroditic plants, papayas used to be cultivated by simultaneously planting 2-3 seedlings in a pit. This cultivated method is not efficient and economic. Thus, the development of a rapid technique for sex identification of papaya and the genetic study of sex determination in papaya are very important to papaya industry. DNA-based markers have been recently applied in sex identification of several plants. This study attempted to use the published papaya sex-specific SCAR primers to identify 39 papaya cultivars or lines in Taiwan. The results showed that SCAR W11 and SCAR T12 existed in all hermaphrodite and male plants, but not in the female plants. The DNA fragments corresponding to W11 SCAR of ‘Sunrise’, ‘TSS No.7’, ‘Thailand’, ‘Florida’, NTU005 and NTU007 were cloned and sequenced. Totally 832 nucleotide sequences from the hermaphrodite and male W11 SCAR were determined, and their sequences were similar. The DNA fragments corresponding to T12 SCAR of ‘Sunrise’, ‘TSS No.7’, ‘Florida’, NTU005 were also cloned and sequenced. Totally 838 nucleotide sequences from the hermaphrodite and male T12 SCAR were determined, and their sequences were similar. Based on the different sequences between hermaphrodite and male T12 SCAR, the primer pair T12-165F and T12-834R was designed to amply PCR products only in male plants of ‘Florida’, II-3-4’91 and VII-7-7’91, but not in hermaphrodite and female plants of ‘Sunrise’ and ‘Thailand’. Nonetheless, it needs strict PCR conditons to make the male-specific band appear steadily and needs more other papaya cultivar samples to certify if it was really a male-specific marker in general. SCAR marker is more reliable and reproducible and is a suitable marker for the precise and rapid identification of sex in papaya. Estimation the genetic relationships among papaya cultigens of Taiwan and other regions and development of a cultivar identification tool based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were established in this study. Twenty-nine selected primers generated a total of 122 reproducible polymorphic amplification fragments among 44 papaya cultigens and other Vasconcellea species of Caricaceae. The average genetic similarity coefficients of 39 papaya cultigens was 0.662 and ranged from 0.322 for a breeding line of NTU selection and ‘Kapoho’ to 0.942 for K1 and K5. The UPGMA and principal component analysis showed a clear distinction into two clusters reflecting the different geographical origins, Taiwan and other regions. The 30 papaya cultigens of Taiwan clustered into two groups that reflected their origins from different breeding or selection programs. A combination of four primers with five markers was found to be optimum for the discrimination of the 11 papaya cultigens of Taiwan. The marker system can discriminate GMO papaya from other papaya sources of Taiwan. This study showed that RAPD could readily dissect genetic differences between the closely related papaya cultivars or lines and provide a simple, quick and economic method to differentiate the difference among papaya population of Taiwan.

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Loureiro, Sara Duarte. "Identification of the source of biological fluids recovered from samples collected at Sexual Assaults scenarios using mRNA markers." Master's thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/124745.

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Loureiro, Sara Duarte. "Identification of the source of biological fluids recovered from samples collected at Sexual Assaults scenarios using mRNA markers." Dissertação, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/124745.

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Agalaryan, Anaida. "Paraphilic Coercive Disorder : Behavioral Markers and Validity of Diagnostic Criteria." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12355.

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Le présent projet doctoral vise à considérer les lacunes dans la documentation scientifique sur le Trouble Paraphilique Coercitif (TPC) en mettant l’accent sur la validité des critères diagnostiques proposés pour inclusion dans le DSM-5 et les marqueurs comportementaux. À ce fait, les données archivées d’individus ayant sexuellement agressé des femmes adultes ont été étudiées. La thèse est constituée de trois articles empiriques. Le premier article présente des résultats clés découlant des analyses, élaborés dans les articles subséquents. Le second (N = 47) évalue les fréquences observées du TPC, la validité et l’impact du recours au nombre minimal de victimes comme critère diagnostique, ainsi que les indices prédisant la récidive sexuelle. Le troisième article (N = 52) compare les groupes diagnostiques sur une série de comportements délictuels, tels que les gestes sexuels et les comportements violents, dans le but d’identifier les marqueurs comportementaux associés avec la propension au viol qui pourraient assister dans le processus diagnostique. Dans le même ordre d’idées, nous avons créé des typologies de violeurs à partir des gestes sexuels commis, d’un côté, et des comportements violents, de l’autre côté. Conséquemment, les caractéristiques des typologies ainsi obtenues et leur association avec le TPC furent examinées. Dans l’ensemble, nos résultats ne soutiennent pas le recours au nombre de victimes. Nos données suggèrent que, globalement, les violeurs avec le TPC utilisent un niveau de gestes sexuels plus envahissant et un niveau de violence moindre que les violeurs n’ayant pas ce diagnostic, et que l’exhibitionnisme et l’attouchement pourraient servir de marqueurs comportementaux pour le TPC. En outre, les violeurs avec le TPC sont caractérisés davantage par demande indécente, exhibitionnisme, attouchement, masturbation, tentative de pénétration et pénétration digitale que par pénétration vaginale et sodomie. De plus, ces derniers font moins recours à l’utilisation d’armes, semblent ne pas frapper/donner des coups à la victime et sont caractérisés par la manipulation plutôt que par le recours aux menaces de mort, force excessive et utilisation d’armes. En somme, nos données soulignent la nécessité de s’appuyer sur une combinaison de méthodes d’évaluation afin d’améliorer la validité diagnostique et discriminante du TPC. The present dissertation aims to address the shortcomings in the current literature on Paraphilic Coercive Disorder (PCD) by focusing on two main objectives: assessing the validity of the diagnostic criteria proposed for inclusion in the DSM-5 and investigating behavioral markers. To this end, archival files of rapists who offended against adult women were studied. The thesis consists of three empirical articles. The first article presents a succinct account of some of the key results emanating from the analyses. The second article (N = 47) examines the observed frequencies of PCD and assesses the validity and impact of relying on minimum number of victims as a diagnostic criterion. Furthermore, a number of variables of interest are examined to determine predictors of sexual recidivism. The third article (N = 52) compares diagnostic groups on a number of offense conduct characteristics – specifically sexual acts and violent behaviors – in an attempt to identify behavioral markers associated with rape-proneness that could aid with the diagnosis of PCD. Similarly, rapist typologies were created by classifying the sample into groups of sex offenders based on their sexual acts, on one hand, and violent behaviors, on the other hand. Consequently, their characteristics and association with PCD were examined. Our results do not support the reliance on number of victims. Our findings suggest that rapists with PCD are more sexually intrusive and resort to less violence overall than sex offenders without such a diagnosis and that exhibitionism and fondling could serve as behavioral markers for PCD. Moreover, rapists with PCD are characterised more by indecent request, exhibitionism, fondling, masturbation, attempted intercourse and digital penetration rather than by intercourse and sodomy. In terms of violent behaviors, rapists with PCD resort less to the use of weapons, seem not to hit their victims, and are likely characterised more by manipulation rather than by the use of death threats, excessive force and weapons. In sum, the present study highlights the necessity of relying on a combination of assessment methods in order to improve diagnostic and discriminant validity of PCD.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sexual markets'

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