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Gott, C. Merryn. "Sexual activity, sexually transmitted diseases and risk behaviour among older adults." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3490/.
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Few data are currently available regarding the extent to which older people (defined here as those aged >50 years): i) are sexually active; ii) engage in `risky' sexual behaviours; and iii) contract sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). It was the primary aim of research described in this thesis to address these specific knowledge deficits and to ascertain whether the exclusion of this age group as a research focus within this subject field can be reasonably justified. The dearth of previous research undertaken in this area necessitated that a secondary goal be addressed, namely the development of methodologies appropriate to the collection from older people of data concerning such issues. Using a combination of self-administered questionnaire studies and secondary data analyses, undertaken both in health care settings and within the community at large, the programme of research clearly indicates that: 1. Older people represent a consistent minority of patients attending specialised genitourinary (GUM) clinics. Members of this group are further regularly diagnosed with STDs. Moreover, older clinic attenders exhibit distinctive socio-demographic and clinical characteristics relative both to younger clinic attenders and to the general population of the same age group. 2. The majority of older GUM clinic attenders are first time attenders and have not been diagnosed with an STD before 3. In the community at large the majority of older adults are sexually active, of whom a small minority (approximately 7%) engage in behaviours that place them at risk of contracting STDs. 4. Most older people, recruited from both health care and non-health care settings, feel that they have received very little information about STDs and HIV, and many indicated that they would like to receive more information on these topics.
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Mapolisa, Siphelo. "Socio-cultural beliefs concerning sexual relations, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3626.
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Heffernan, Catherine. "Sexually transmitted infections, sex and the Irish." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6ef4fefa-f41c-45b9-9b57-2758f5283dbc.
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The national reported rates of sexually transmitted infections (other than HIV/AIDS) in Ireland have been increasing over the last decade of the 20th century. Medical professionals and epidemiologists consider the rates of STIs as indicators of the proportion of the population engaging in 'high risk' behaviour. According to this hypothesis, an increase in reported rates reflects an increase in 'high risk' behaviours. This thesis will examine this relationship and determine the reasons for the increased reported rates in Ireland. This will involve an investigation into Irish sexual behaviours and attitudes, thus giving an insight into Irish sexuality, which has previously attracted little sociological interest. Evidence in regard to Irish sexuality and sexually transmitted infections is limited. In the absence of longitudinal data on sexual behaviours and a national survey on STIs and risk-taking sexual behaviours, the question of the rising rates has to be addressed by collating available data from different sources. This involves: (1) the use of epidemiological and GUM clinics' information, (2) a socio-historical account of Irish sexuality and sexually transmitted infections and (3) a comparative analysis of Irish sexual behaviours and attitudes with four other countries utilising the International Social Survey Programme's 1994 dataset, Family and Changing Gender Roles II. It is concluded that the increasing reporting rates of STIs are not being directly caused by accompanying increases of 'high risk' sexual behaviours in the general population but are produced by a number of factors including a growing public openness about sexuality and sexual health awareness.
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Masters, Mychael Brooke. "College students' knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases in relation to sexual self-efficacy." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10838.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2009.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 49 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-39).
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Jonsson, Monica. "Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual behaviour among young Swedish women : a population-based study." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Allmänmedicin, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-96898.
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Most epidemiologic studies of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are based on patients seeking help or advice at various health care settings. Because many STD:s are subclinical, epidemiologic surveys can be strengthened by a population-based approach. The aims of the present study were to investigate the prevalence and incidence of STDs in a population of young women, and to assess associations between STDs and social background, education, previous genital infections, sexual behaviour, contraceptive use and reproductive experience. All women belonging to the 19-, 21-, 23- and 25-year age cohorts and living in the catchment area of a community health center, were invited by mail to participate in the study. In the presence of the investigator, participants answered a structured questionaire regarding their social background, education, previous genital infections, sexual behaviour, contraceptive use and reproductive experience. A gynecologic examination was performed. Cervical scrapes for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, as well as samples for wet smear, cervical pap smear, and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) culture were taken. The presence of genital warts was noted, and a colposcopy was performed 2-5 minutes after application of 5% acetic acid on the cervix and vulva. Acetowhite changes were then assessed. A serologic test for CT and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) antibodies were performed. Of the 816 women available, 611 (75%) participated in the study. One out of four women reported symptoms from the lower genital tract. The most common were itching, followed by discharge and soreness. There was a significant correlation between the womens" complaint of vaginal discharge, and previous CT infection, lack of lactobacilli and the presence of leucocytosis in wet smear. Twenty-two percent of the women were HPV DNA positive and acetowhitening at the cervix was observed in 16% of the women. The sensitivity of detection of HPV infection by acetowhitening of the cervix was 22% (95%CI 18%, 26%), and the specificity was 90% (95% Cl 87%, 93%). C.trachomatis culture positivity was found in 2.7% of the women and the seroprevalence of CT was 24.7 %. Atypical cytology was found in 3.4% of the women and 6.6% was HSV-2 seropositiv. Of the women studied 23.6% reported having had at least one STD previously and the laboratory analysis showed 45.4% to have had at least one STD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of sexual partners, age at first coitus, history of therapeutic abortion, and previous pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was independently correlated with CT seropositivity. Lifetime number of sexual partners was the only independent risk factor for HPV. Multivariate analysis showed that increasing age, early sexual debut, and a history of spontaneous abortion were independently related to the presence of HSV-2 antibodies. The lifetime number of sexual partners and coitus on first date were independently associated with a previous STD. Conclusion, We found that one out of four women had some kind of lower genital tract complaint, almost every other women had at sometime in their life an STD, and STDs were often asymptomatic. Acetowhitening of the cervix and vulva has low sensitivity, to low to warrant its use as a predictor of subclinical HPV infection. The pattern of risk factors differed between STDs.Härtill 6 uppsatser
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Prystowsky, Elya E. "Sexual intercourse, sexually transmitted infections, and urinary tract infections in post-menopausal women /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10907.
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Nuwaha, Fred Ntoni. "Sexually transmitted infections in Uganda : implications for control /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4409-1/.
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Eche, Mecha Nwoke. "Health seeking behaviour in relation to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Nkomazi East of Mpumalanga." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/542.
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Thesis (M. Med.(Family Medicine))--University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010.Background: The control of STIs remains a priority for the WHO. Health – seeking and sexual behaviors are important elements in the control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Aim: To assess health seeking behavior in relation to STIs amongst community members of Nkomazi East area of Mpumalanga who use Tonga hospital’s feeder clinics and comprehensive health centers. Study Design: This was a quantitative research carried out as a non-experimental, descriptive cross-sectional survey employing the use of questionnaires for data collection. Questionnaires covering social, demographic, and healthcare-seeking and sexual behaviour information were administered to 332 patients attending primary care clinics in Nkomazi East area of Mpumalanga. Results: Majority of the participants were single, literate, unemployed blacks aged between 16 – 23 years (43.7%). Participants displayed an exceptionally high STI knowledge with urethral discharge, painful micturition, vaginal discharge and lower abdominal pain the most recognised STI symptoms. All the participants (100%) sought help on perceiving that they have an STI. Preferred source of help is the public health sector with traditional healers also finding some relevance. While compliance to treatment is largely satisfactory, ongoing unsafe sexual practices with active STI seem to be common place. Conclusion: Participants displayed a high knowledge of STI symptoms and signs. Public health facilities were the preferred source of health. Health seeking seemed to be influenced by multiple factors. Financial consideration was not much of a factor while seeking help compared to accessibility to health facility and stigma or shame. Belief system, influence by family members, friends and partners were also important factors influencing health seeking behaviour
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Renton, Adrian Mark. "The epidemiology of gonorrhoea in adults and its sexual behavioural determinants." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283441.
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Cowan, Frances Mary. "The epidemiology of apparent and inapparent herpes simplex infection and its association with sexual lifestyle." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281740.
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Proude, Elizabeth Marjorie. "HIV/STD Prevention in General Practice." University of Sydney. Public Health, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/838.
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This thesis examines aspects of the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the Australian community, with a particular emphasis on HIV/AIDS in the context of general practice (or primary care settings). The work has four broad aims: i) To describe the primary prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, following from the arrival of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Australia ii) To describe HIV/STD risk behaviour iii) To summarise previously known evidence of interventions to reduce risk and to raise awareness of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases iv) To contribute new evidence addressing the potential of the general practitioners' role in HIV/STD prevention The first chapter gives a brief review of the history of HIV/AIDS from its discovery in the United States of America to its appearance in Australia and New Zealand, and discusses the Australian response strategies, both initial and continuing, to confine the epidemic. Specifically, the arrival of HIV/AIDS gave rise to increasing awareness of sexually transmitted diseases, which hitherto, although sometimes chronic, were rarely fatal. The public health risk of HIV necessitated swift government action and led to wider acceptance of publicity about sexual behaviour. Although the thesis does not concentrate solely on HIV, this is still an emphasis. This chapter provides useful background to ensuing chapters. Chapter Two provides an overview of behavioural risk in sexually transmitted diseases. It gives a review of risk factor prevalence studies, and introduces risk behaviour and cognitive models of behaviour change, as applied to STD risk. Sexual behaviour is a complex social interaction, usually involving more than one person, and relying on the personality and behaviour patterns intrinsic to the individuals taking part. It is therefore perhaps more challenging to alter than behaviour which is undertaken alone, being dependent on the behaviour and intentions of both parties. Moreover, comprehensive assessment of sexual risk behaviour requires very detailed information about each incident. Its private nature makes accurate data difficult to obtain, and sexual risk behaviour is, correspondingly, difficult to measure. Chapter Three reviews the effectiveness of interventions tested in primary health care settings to reduce sexual risk behaviour. The candidate uses a replicable method to retrieve and critique studies, comparable with standards now required by the Cochrane Collaboration. From 22 studies discussed, nine health interventions were short, 'one-shot', efforts owing to limited time, resources and other practical constraints. This review demonstrates the scarcity of interventions with people who may be perceived as 'low-risk'. Only four interventions were carried out in community health centres and two in university health clinics. One of the university interventions showed no change in sexual behaviour in any of three arms of the intervention (Wenger, Greenberg et al 1992) while the other showed an increase in condom use in both groups, although the intervention group's self-efficacy and assertiveness also improved (Sikkema, Winett & Lombard 1995). The rationale for the intervention, where given, is described. Chapter Four analyses the content, format and quality of sexual health information brochures available in New South Wales at the time of the candidate's own planning for an interventional study. One of the most effective ways to disseminate information widely is by the use of educational literature, especially when the subject material is potentially sensitive or embarrassing to discuss in person. In this chapter, the candidate reviews the literature available at the time of designing the intervention used in Chapter Five. Readability, attractiveness, clarity and the accurate presentation of facts about sexually transmitted disease risk are examined for each pamphlet. Forty-seven pamphlets were scored according to the Flesch formula, and twenty-four of these scored in the 'fairly' to 'very difficult' range. There was, therefore, a paucity of easy-to-read material on these subjects. Chapter Five evaluates a general practitioner-based counselling intervention to raise awareness of sexually transmitted diseases and to modify HIV/STD risk behaviour. While adults aged 18-25 are less likely than older cohorts to have a regular general practitioner or to visit often, most people visit a general practitioner at least once a year. This could provide an opportunity for the general practitioner to raise preventive health issues, especially with infrequent attendees. As the effectiveness of an opportunistic intervention about sexual risk behaviour was yet to be tested, the candidate designed an innovative randomised controlled trial to raise awareness of risk and increase preventive behaviour. The participation rate was 90% and 76% consented to followup; however the attrition rate meant that overall only 52% of the original participants completed the follow-up questionnaire. The intervention proved easy and acceptable both to GPs and to patients, and risk perception had increased at three months' follow-up; however this occurred in both the control (odds ratio 2.6) and the intervention group, whose risk perception at baseline was higher (odds ratio 1.3). In order to establish some markers of risk in the general population, Chapter Six analyses data resulting from questions on sexual behaviour asked in the Central Sydney section of the NSW Health Survey. The candidate advocated for inclusion of relevant questions to determine some benchmarks of sexual risk behaviour and to provide an indication of condom use among heterosexuals. Although limited in scope as a result of competing priorities for questions in the survey, results demonstrate that, while a small percentage of people were at risk, those with higher levels of partner change or of alcohol use were the most likely to always use condoms. Specifically, 100% of those with more than four new partners in the last 12 months had used condoms with every new partner. In addition, 'heavy' alcohol users were more likely to report condom use every time with new partners (odds ratio 0.34). To furnish data to inform future planning of educational activities for general practitioners, Chapter Seven presents the results of a survey of Central Sydney general practitioners' opinions and current practices in HIV risk reduction with in the broader context of sexually transmitted disease prevention. The general practitioner is in an ideal position to provide information and advice, especially if future research affirms the impact of such advice on STD risk behaviour. General practitioners in this study said they would be slightly more likely to discuss sexual health matters with young patients than with older ones (p=0.091), but this was not significant. The most cited barrier to discussing sexual health was inadequate remuneration for taking time to do so (over 50% gave this reason). The next most cited obstacle was difficulty in raising the subject of STDs or HIV in routine consultations, but this reason was given by less than half the sample. Forty-six percent had participated in continuing medical education programs in STDs, HIV/AIDS, or hepatitis diagnosis or management; 32% of GPs had patients with HIV, and 55% of all GPs indicated they would like more training in management and continuity of care of HIV patients. Approximately half (51%) wanted more training in sexuality issues, including sexual dysfunction. Chapter Eight reviews the whole thesis and discusses future directions for the research agenda.
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Chan, Kwok-hung. "Sexual risk behaviours of travellers in Hong Kong work population." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31970898.
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Råssjö, Eva-Britta. "Sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted infections among urban Ugandan youths : perceptions, attitudes and management /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6264.
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Konings, Elke Ludovica Louisa. "The quantification of sexual behaviour and the transmission of HIV in Tanzania and St.Lucia." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339015.
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Doran, Jennifer Anne. "Sexually transmitted diseases : psychosocial impact, and the influence of stigma, shame and perceived risk upon sexual behaviour." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4581/.
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Volume I contains the research component of the thesis; this consists of a literature review, an empirical paper and an executive summary. The first paper presents a qualitative meta-synthesis on the psychosocial impact of a sexually transmitted disease at the individual level. The second, which is the empirical paper, uses quantitative methods to explore the relationship between STD related stigma, shame, perceived risk and sexual behaviour in adolescents. Volume II contains five clinical practice reports (CPRs) completed throughout the course. CPR1 presents the formulation of an 8 year old girl with separation anxiety from cognitive behavioural and psychodynamic perspectives. CPR2 is a service evaluation of health visitors views of a consultation service provided by CAMHS staff. CPR3 presents a single case experimental design of a behavioural intervention with a 28 year old male displaying challenging behavior following a severe traumatic brain injury. CPR4 presents a case study of a 54 year old woman with chronic pain and longstanding depressions. CPR5 is represented in the form of an abstract outlining the case of a 19 year old girl who had experienced a traumatic bereavement.
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Sikkema, Kathleen J. "Skills training with heterosexual females for the prevention of HIV infection, other sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual assault." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38871.
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Cook, Scott C. "Human immunodeficiency virus : determining predictors of unsafe sexual behavior /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9962514.
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Ayers, Lindsey L. "Stigmatized STD Status and Well-Being: The Role of Sexual Attitudes." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1247692535.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Kent State University, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 8, 2010). Advisor: Kristen Marcussen. Keywords: Sexually transmitted disease; stigma; attitudes; well-being. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-46).
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Sikkema, Kathleen Jane. "Skills training with heterosexual females for the prevention of HIV infection, other sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual assault /." This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-134414/.
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Smith, Teresa E. (Teresa Elizabeth). "Training Condom Use Skills for Sexually Active College Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279011/.
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Eighty-nine single, sexually active, heterosexual college students (ages 17-24) participated in one of two intervention conditions. Experimental groups were taught
skills specific to condom use and sexual communication via a multimedia presentation. Control groups viewed a video on an unrelated topic. Individuals in the experimental conditions were expected to show higher levels of self-efficacy, greater knowledge concerning diseases, and improved attitudes about condoms immediately following the
intervention. They were also expected to report safer sexual practices at the one month follow-up. Findings reveal that improved attitude and knowledge scores did not
translate into behavioral changes.
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Waetford, Cathrine Huhana. "The knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of young Māori women in relation to sexual health a descriptive qualitative study : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Science, 2008 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/412.
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Silva, Kelanne Lima da. "Adolescentes vÃtimas de violÃncia sexual: crenÃas e valores relacionados à prevenÃÃo das doenÃas sexualmente transmissÃveis e a AIDS." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13802.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorA violÃncia sexual caracteriza-se como um grave problema de saÃde pÃblica que acarreta distÃrbios no desenvolvimento biopsicossocial e sexual de suas vÃtimas, principalmente quando essa agressÃo ocorre na fase da adolescÃncia, pois esses sujeitos se encontram numa etapa da vida marcada por mudanÃas e adaptaÃÃes, especialmente no Ãmbito da sexualidade. Portanto, as crenÃas e valores das vitimas de violÃncia sexual precisam ser compreendidas para promover a adoÃÃo de comportamentos sexuais saudÃveis. Objetivou-se compreender como as crenÃas e valores das adolescentes vitimas de violÃncia sexual influenciam no comportamento de prevenÃÃo das DST e da AIDS com base no Modelo de CrenÃas em SaÃde (MCS) . Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, realizada numa InstituiÃÃo de Acolhimento no Municipal de Fortaleza, no perÃodo de maio a julho de 2011, com oito adolescentes vitimas de violÃncia sexual. Foram utilizados como instrumentos e procedimentos para a coleta de informaÃÃes: a observaÃÃo participante de todos os encontros, que foram registrados no diÃrio de campo; todo o material produzido durante os grupos focais, como cartazes, desenhos, entre outros; e a transcriÃÃo da gravaÃÃo dos diÃlogos durante as estratÃgias de grupo e do roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. As informaÃÃes foram organizadas conforme as dimensÃes do MCS. Todos os aspectos legais e Ãticos da pesquisa envolvendo os seres humanos foram respeitados. Inicialmente, foi necessÃrio caracterizar as participantes do estudo e observou-se que as histÃrias de vida dessas adolescentes estavam condizentes com a literatura. Em relaÃÃo Ãs categorias criadas conforme o MCS: as adolescentes tem um dÃfice de conhecimento em relaÃÃo a essas doenÃas e nÃo se consideraram susceptÃveis as DST/AIDS por acreditarem que nÃo irÃo se relacionar sexualmente com homens, mesmo identificando a maior vulnerabilidade da mulher a essas patologias; em relaÃÃo à percepÃÃo da gravidade, elas classificaram essas doenÃas como graves, incurÃveis e que alteram o convÃvio social, demonstrando medo de contrair uma dessas patologias; identificaram como benefÃcios e barreiras do mÃtodo preventivo ser de fÃcil acesso e utilizaÃÃo e prevenir tanto doenÃas como gravidez, mas interferem no prazer sexual; e seu uso està relacionado com questÃes culturais e sociais, ressalta-se tambÃm, que o abuso de Ãlcool e drogas intervÃm na adoÃÃo de comportamentos saudÃveis. Conclui-se que as crenÃas e valores dessas adolescentes as tornam vulnerÃveis a DST/AIDS, sendo necessÃrio refletir sobre as consequÃncias da violÃncia sexual na vida dessas adolescentes para a elaboraÃÃo de estratÃgias e aÃÃes preventivas voltadas para esse publico-alvo no que concerne ao desenvolvimento da sexualidade de forma segura, minimizando traumas e sofrimentos advindos dessa experiÃncia na vida dessas adolescentes, tornando-as conscientes dos seus direitos sexuais e reprodutivos.
Sexual assault is characterized as a serious public health problem that leads to disorders in the bio-psychosocial and sexual development of the victims, especially when the aggression happens in adolescence, because these subjects are in a stage of life marked by changes and adaptations, especially concerning sexuality. Therefore, the values and beliefs of the victims of sexual assault must be understood to promote the adoption of a healthy sexual behavior. It was aimed to understand how beliefs and values of adolescent victims of sexual assault influence the behavior of prevention of STD/AIDS based on the Health Belief Model. It is a qualitative descriptive research carried out at a Host Institution in the City of Fortaleza from May to July 2011 with eight adolescent victims of sexual assault. Using as tools and procedures for data collection: participant observation of all meetings, which were registered in a field diary; all the material produced during the focus groups, such as posters, drawings, among others; and the transcription of the dialogue recording during the group strategies and semi-structured interviews. The information was organized according to the Health Belief Model dimensions. All legal and ethical aspects of researches involving human beings were respected. Initially, it was necessary to characterize the study participants and it was found that the life stories of these adolescents were consistent with the literature. Regarding the categories created according to the Health Belief Model: the adolescents lack knowledge about these diseases and don't considered them susceptible to STD/AIDS because they believe that they will not relate sexually with men, in spite identifying the greater vulnerability of women to such pathologies; concerning the perception of gravity, they classified these diseases as serious, incurable, and that changes social life, demonstrating fear of contracting these diseases; they identified as benefits and barriers of preventive method: it is easy to access and use, and prevents both diseases as pregnancy, but interferes with sexual pleasure; and its use is related to cultural and social issues, we also emphasize that the abuse of alcohol and drugs interferes in the adoption of healthy behaviors. We conclude that the beliefs and values of these adolescents make them vulnerable to STD/AIDS, being necessary to reflect on the consequences of sexual violence in their lives to build strategies and preventive actions aimed at this target audience in terms of a safe development of sexuality, minimizing trauma and suffering resulting from this experience in their lives, making them aware of their sexual and reproductive rights.
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Steen, Rosa M. "Changes in Sexual Risk Perception and Risk Taking Among Urban African American Adolescents." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/201.
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Background: Adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 24 acquire nearly half of all new STDs in the United States, yet they represent only 25% of the sexually active population. Young men and women in this age group have the highest rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, especially in the African American population. Adolescent risk factors include having a history of pregnancy or STDs, being arrested or incarcerated, substance abuse, early sexual debut and having 4 or more lifetime sexual partners. Protective behaviors such as parental involvement, school enrollment, and consistent condom use have been associated with decreased incidence of STDs. The purpose of this study is to observe changes in adolescent behaviors and experiences that are known risk factors for acquiring sexually transmitted diseases. The aim is to identify the time at which STD prevention interventions may be administered most effectively. In addition, the study aims to identify relevant themes and content that may be useful in creating interventions targeted to different age groups and genders.
Methods: This study utilizes primary data collected between 1999 and 2003 by Dr. Rothenberg and colleagues for a community-based network study of low-income African American adolescents living in a working class neighborhood in Southwest Atlanta. Two descriptive analyses were conducted: a period analysis in which all participants ages 15 to 18 who completed any or all of three interviews were included; and a cohort analysis, which included only participants who completed three interviews and who were 15, 16, 17 or 18 years of age at the time of the first interview. Univariate analysis was used to describe each variable and the resulting frequencies and percentages were reported.
Results: In both period and cohort analyses, higher proportions of older adolescents (ages 17 and 18) reported engaging in risky behaviors including drinking alcohol, using marijuana, having sex and having multiple sexual partners, compared to younger adolescents (ages 15 and 16). Males reported higher proportions of engaging in risky behaviors than females, but also higher proportions of condom use. The proportion of participants diagnosed with one or more STDs decreased at each interview. In the cohort analysis, the proportion of participants who perceived their STD risk as “medium” or “high” increased over time.
Conclusions: The findings suggest that as adolescents mature they engage in a greater variety of risky behaviors known to have a positive association to STD diagnosis. Period analyses, which have usually been done to study the sexual behaviors of adolescents, may give aberrant results that are clearer when the population is studied as a cohort. Future studies are needed to more precisely identify the period during which adolescents experience rapid changes in their risk behaviors.
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Knoppers, Sherry M. "Perceptions of invulnerability and adolescent sexual activity." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Family and Child Ecology, 2006.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-152). Also issued in print.
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Hunsaker, Jessica L. "An efficacious study of marketing messages in sexual health promotion." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594498611&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Chan, Kwok-hung, and 陳國雄. "Sexual risk behaviours of travellers in Hong Kong work population." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970898.
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Gieck, Donald J. "Development of a brief motivational intervention that targets heterosexual men's preventive sexual health behavior." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1481671711&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Heusser, Shelly Lucien. "Mediating factors in the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and HIV Sexual risk behaviour among men who have sex with men." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1398.
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Previous studies have indicated an association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and an increased risk of engaging in unsafe behaviours during adulthood, including risky sexual practices. This study examined the relationship between CSA and adult HIV sexual risk behaviour among a sample of South African men who have sex with men (MSM). Potential pathological long-term mental health outcomes of CSA, including dissociation, sex-related substance abuse, depression, sexual compulsivity, impaired interpersonal communication, and over-reliance on submissive sexual scripts, were treated as variables mediating the relationship between CSA and sexual risk behaviour. Men frequenting a gay internet dating site were randomly selected to complete an electronic version of the anonymous survey. Results indicate that one-fourth of participants reported a history of CSA. Men with a history of unwanted sexual activity during childhood were more likely to report recreational substance abuse, sex-related substance abuse, sexual compulsivity, and adult revictimisation experiences. Men who were abused were also more likely to engage in unprotected anal intercourse compared to those who were not abused. Mediation analyses revealed that MSM who are survivors of CSA are particularly susceptible to drug abuse, sex-related drug abuse, and sexual compulsivity, and these sequelae in turn predict higher reported numbers of male sexual partners. The current data suggest that CSA is widespread among men at high risk for HIV infection, and that it may have a devastating influence on the quality of life and health risk behaviour of these men. These results also highlight the importance of mental health services and new approaches in HIV prevention for MSM who have been sexually abused as children. Further research is needed into the contextual factors of the childhood abuse experience which account for the variability in longterm negative mental health outcomes of CSA survivors.
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Musabaeka, True Shame. "Gender perceptual differences and their effects on the implementation of policy in the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Makoni District, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/308.
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This study sought to establish gender perceptual differences and their effects on the implementation of Policy in the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Makoni District, Zimbabwe. The role of women as caregivers to HIV/AIDS sufferers is also highlighted and how this has deprived them towards social, political and economic development. The source of the data used was the World Health Organisation (WHO) project on Family Planning and AIDS. The sample of the study comprised of 100 men and women from Makoni District, Zimbabwe. In addition to the survey question, focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. The FGD data complimented the survey results with qualitative information. The objectives of the study looked at people’s attitudes, cultural practices and sexual practices. These were analysed to determine how the gender issues within them affected the HIV/AIDS prevention strategies. The five major prevention strategies focused on in this study are: · promotion of condom use; · reduction of the number of sexual partners; · sticking to one sexual partner; · control and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); and · Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) for HIV to prevent vertical transmission of the disease. Although, the majority of the women indicated that it was acceptable for a married woman to ask her husband to use condoms, this was disputed by the findings from the FGDs. Issues of trust and fidelity were raised,but many men and women reported that they were not prepared to confront one another. The FGD results revealed that the men assert that it is normal for every man to have extra marital relationships, therefore they do not see anything wrong with it. It also came out that there are women who both have no income or partner to support them financially and are living in absolute poverty. These women, if anything, are more likely to increase the number of their sexual partners than reduce them so that they increase their economic base inorder to support their families. It has been established that for effective treatment and control of STDs, there is need for both partners to cooperate and seek treatment at the same time. However, the findings from this study revealed that lack of communication between sexual partners hampered the treatment of these diseases. On the other hand, the men indicated that talking to their wives about STDs would compel them to say where they got it. On the other hand the women reported that their men would accuse them of infidelity if they told them of an STD. FGD results however revealed that men and women were prepared to have HIV testing so that they would know of their status before planning a family. The gender perceptual differences on HIV/AIDS prevention have been identified as follows: · the need for male compliance to use condoms effectively; · the fear of losing trust by suggesting condom use; and · acceptance of male promiscuity by society that perpetuates that risky behaviour and exposure to HIV/AIDS infection and lack of communication between sexual partners, are a hindrance for effective control and treatment of STDs.
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Asia, Ida. "The adolescent and sexual health." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16251.
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Thesis (MCur)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Research and in certain instances the lack of research as well as extensive experience of the researcher in this field of study convinced the researcher that a scientific study / exploration is critical on the different aspects of adolescent sexual health. A study, based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods (triangulation), was conducted to identify and describe the factors playing a role in adolescents’ experiencing problems in maintaining their sexual health. Adolescents are at risk of contracting Sexually Transmitted Diseases including HIV/AIDS because of their sexual behaviour. Initiation of early sexual relations contributing to possible multiple sexual partners and failure to consistently use condoms contribute to this risk. Failure to continuously use a reliable contraceptive method also enhances the risk of unintended pregnancies and consequent exposure to the risks involved in termination of pregnancy or the psychological effects of giving the baby up for adoption, the hardship of raising the baby as a single parent or being forced to marry at a young age. Thus the physical-, emotional-, and social well being of the adolescent is at risk when they are not equipped to maintain their sexual health.The study concludes that adolescents that are sexually active and have multiple sexual partners have a higher probability of not maintaining their sexual health. Based on the outcome of this study the researcher feels strongly that the following needs to be addressed in order to promote the maintenance of adolescent sexual health: • Professional nurses need to be trained and sensitized to guide and manage adolescents seeking sexual or reproductive advice; • Sexuality programmes need to be integrated into school curricula; • Positive use of the mass media to promote healthy lifestyles; and • Training programmes for parents and adolescents.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Navorsing en in sekere gevalle die gebrek daaraan sowel as ekstensiewe ondervinding van die navorser in die studieveld, het die navorser oortuig dat ‘n wetenskaplike studie / eksplorasie oor die veskillende aspekte van adolessente seksuele gesondheid krities was. ‘n Studie, gebaseer op ‘n kombinasie van kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe metodes (triangulasie), was uitgevoer om die faktore wat ‘n rol speel in adolessente se vermoëns om hul seksuele gesondheid te handhaaf, te identifiseer en te bepreek. Adolessente se risiko is hoog om Seksueel Oordraagbare siektes, insluitend MIV/VIGS, op te doen weens hul seksuele gedrag. Die aanvang van vroeë seksuele verhoudings dra by tot moontlike meervoudige seksmaats en die gebrek aan konsekwente gebruik van kondome verhoog die risiko. Gebrek aan die aaneenlopende gebruik van ‘n betroubare kontraseptiewe metode verhoog ook die risiko van ‘n ongewensde swangerskap en gevolglike blootstelling aan die risiko’s verbonde aan terminasie van swangerskap of die psigologiese effekte wat gepaard gaan met aanneming, enkel ouerskap en geforseerde trou op ‘n vroeë ouderdom. Derhalwe word die fisiese-, emosionele- en sosiale welsyn van die adolessent bedreig as hulle nie toegerus is om hul seksuele gesondheid te handhaaf nie.Die gevolgtrekking van die studie is dat adolessente wat seksueel aktief is en meervoudige seksmaats het, ‘n hoër waarskynlikheid het om nie hul seksuele gesondheid te handhaaf nie. Gebaseer op die uitkoms van die studie is die navorser van mening dat die volgende aangespreek moet word ten einde die handhawing van adolessente seksuele gesondheid te bevorder: • Geregistreerde vepleegkundiges moet opgelei en gesensitiseer word om adolessente te hanteer en van leiding te voorsien; • Seksualitiet programme moet in die skool kurrikulum integreer word; • Positiewe gebruik van die massa media om gesonde lewenstyle te bevorder; en • Opleidingsprogramme vir ouers en adolessente.
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Meggett-Sowell, Dyani. "Examining Relationships between Sexual Education and Behaviors Among Virginia College Students." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6355.
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The college student population has a high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI)s due to their participation in higher risk sexual behaviors such as serial relationships, drug and alcohol use and abuse, and inconsistent use of condoms. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between student exposure of sexual education and their sexual behaviors among college going students in Virginia. Guided by the health belief model, this quantitative cross-sectional study involved a random selection process to recruit college students to test the hypothesis. The research questions were designed to examine participants' exposure to sexual education, sexual behaviors, perceptions of contracting STIs with no condom use, and their perceptions of STI education added to college curriculums. The sample included 656 participants who ranged between 18-24 years old and were enrolled in a Virginia 4-year public university. Data were collected through an online survey. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the variables sexual education (independent) and sexual behaviors (dependent). Prior research has indicated that STI prevention education programs implemented within a schools' curriculum has assisted in bridging the gap between public health and education. The study results have shown that the students who had some form of sexual education and were sexually active are less likely to participate in risky sexual practices. The study also indicated that 92.5% of the participants perceive that adding STI courses to the college curriculum will help prevent STIs among college students. These results highlight the sexual health of Virginia college students and promote positive social change among Virginia's college campuses by identifying the inconsistencies of STI knowledge and practices, which can encourage better education.
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Wambura, Mwita. "The role of mobility on sexual behaviour and transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and sexually transmitted diseases in rural communities of Mwanza region Tanzania." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536912.
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Lonczak, Heather Suzanne. "An examination of the long-term effects of the Seattle Social Development Project on sexual behavior and the related outcomes, and of the consequences of adolescent motherhood /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7570.
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Macedo, Caio Flávio Castro e. "Doenças sexualmente transmissíveis na população masculina: epidemiologia, indicadores sociodemográficos e gestão de serviços." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7494.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
The management shortcomings and assistance in public health found in Brazil, and as part of efforts to improve governance stands out the drawing up protocols for the organization of services. The Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are considered a health problem all over the world and there is a data scarcity in the male population. This study aimed to deploy a specialized outpatient clinic, estimate the prevalence of syndromic diagnosis of SDT and the syphilis, in addition to analyzing the risk factors in men. We performed a cross-sectional study in the years of 2014 and 2015. Tthe sample was constituted by 216 individuals interviewed during a medical consultation, in a public outpatient constructed for this purpose. The majority of men attended had more than 29 years, has completed the primary or middle school, belonged to social classes C or D and reported having heterosexual behavior. Despite the greater part have also mentioned prior knowledge about transmission of STDs, only 11.8% confirmed have used condom and about one-third of men do not return to the clinic after the initial consultation. Approximately 20% of the attended men presented verrucous syndrome and 14% were positive for syphilis serology . In the bivariate analysis, civil status and age were predictive variables for the syndromic diagnosis of DST. After this analysis, only the civil status remained statistically significant as a risk factor for some infectious syndrome. On the other hand, for the presence of syphilis, the consumption of illegal drugs in the last 12 months was predictor variable in the bivariate analysis, and being circumcised was considered an independent protection factor in the multivariate analysis. We concluded that is high the number of cases of syndromic diagnosis and syphilis in men attended at a specialized outpatient clinic, wherein the knowledge about the theme hasn't echoed in care measures, such as the use of condom. Associated with the data obtained, the male resistance in seeking medical assistance reinforces the need for specific and continuous strategies for prevention, screening, diagnosis and early treatment in this population group.
As deficiências de gestão e assistência na saúde pública são encontradas no Brasil e como parte dos esforços para melhorar a governança destaca-se a elaboração de protocolos para a organização de serviços. As Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DST) são consideradas um problema de saúde em todo o mundo e há uma carência de dados na população masculina. O presente trabalho objetivou implantar um ambulatório especializado, estimar a prevalência do diagnóstico sindrômico de DST e de sífilis, além de analisar os fatores de risco nos homens. Realizou-se um estudo de corte transversal nos anos de 2014 e 2015, e a amostra foi constituída por 216 indivíduos entrevistados durante a consulta médica, em ambulatório público construído para esse fim. A maioria dos homens atendidos tinha mais de 29 anos, completou o ensino médio ou fundamental, pertencia às classes sociais C ou D e relatou ter comportamento heterossexual. Apesar de a maioria também ter referido conhecimento prévio sobre transmissão de DST, apenas 11,8% confirmou ter usado preservativo e aproximadamente um terço dos homens não retornaram ao ambulatório após a consulta inicial. Aproximadamente 20% dos homens atendidos apresentaram síndrome verrucosa e 14% sorologia positiva para sífilis. Na análise bivariada, estado civil e idade constituíram variáveis preditoras para o diagnóstico sindrômico de DST. Após a análise multivariada, apenas o estado civil manteve-se estatisticamente significante como fator de risco para alguma síndrome infecciosa. Já para a presença de sífilis, o consumo de alguma droga ilícita nos últimos 12 meses constituiu variável preditora na análise bivariada e a realização de postectomia foi considerada fator independente de proteção na análise multivariada. Conclui-se que é alto o número de casos de diagnóstico sindrômico e de sifílis em homens atendidos no ambulatório especializado, sendo que o conhecimento sobre o tema não repercutiu em medidas de cuidado, como o uso do preservativo. Associado aos dados obtidos, a resistência masculina em procurar assistência médica reforça a necessidade de estratégias específicas e contínuas para prevenção, rastreamento, diagnóstico e tratamento precoce nesse grupo populacional.
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Wang, Ying, and 王穎. "The effectiveness of school-based peer education on the risk of HIV/STD : a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206926.
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Background
HIV/AIDS has always been a concern since it first came up in 1981 in the field of medicine and public health. The trend of overall HIV epidemic has slow down through over 30 years fighting against the disease. Yet, being the largest population nowadays, young people still face high risk of HIV/AID. Sexual transmitted diseases, similar with HIV infection, are also a serious concern in young people. Peer education is widely used in the sexual education in young people. No review focused on the school-based peer education while most young people received their sexual education in schools. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of school-based peer education on HIV/STD prevention and evaluate the factors that are likely to influence the effect of school-based peer education.
Method
Searching through PubMed and Cochrane Library, a literature review was carried out on the relevant articles about the evaluation of school-based peer education in developing and developed countries around the world from 2000-01-01 to 2014-05-31.
Findings
10 experimental studies were chosen in this review, including 3 randomized controlled trials.
Among 10 studies, 8 found significant improved about the general knowledge of HIV/STD and all studies showed positive change in attitude and risk perception in the peer-led education. However, no studies found significant effect of peer education on the behavioral change regarding condom use, postponing sexual intercourses and the reduction of sexual partners, etc. The interaction of peer education and the quality of peer-educators plus other demographical factors such as socioeconomic status and religions may influence the effect of school-based peer-led education.
Conclusion
School-based peer education was demonstrated to be effective on the prevention of HIV/STD in knowledge and attitude improvement, similar with other kinds of peer education. Peer educators and interactions between educators and educatees play important roles in the peer education. Yet, the effect of school-based education still requires long-term assessment.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Voortman, Landström Therese, and Ida Norevall. "Sexualvanor och preventivmedelsanvändning hos svenska gymnasieelever." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-225462.
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The aim of this study was to examine sexual behavior, contraceptive use, self-rated health, lifestyle factors and the prevalence of HPV vaccination among last year high school students. The study was a quantitative cross-sectional study which was a substudy of the longitudinal study " Pornography, Youth and Health". Results showed that the majority of students had had sexual intercourse (75 %, n=524) and both performed (67 %, n=479) and received oralsex (70 %, n=498). Forty percent (n=282) of the students had had one night stand, a quarter (n=159) anal sex and 29 (n=202) percent sex with a friend. The contraceptive use increased from the first to the last intercourse while the use of condoms decreased. Five percent (n=38) of the students reported a sexually transmitted disease, more women than men. Significant difference in sexual experience was shown between students in vocational versus theoretical study programs, between students with low and high self-rated health as well as between students with low versus high risk behavior regarding lifestyle factors. Two thirds of the female students were vaccinated against HPV. No significant difference regarding condom use was shown between the female students who were vaccinated against HPV compared with non-vaccinated. The knowledge of existing differences between gender, between students at different high school programs and attention to risk factors can improve sex education and contraceptive counseling in which the midwife has an important role.Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka sexualvanor, preventivmedelsanvändning, egen upplevd hälsa, livsstilsfaktorer och förekomsten av HPV-vaccination bland elever som gick sista året på gymnasiet. Studien var en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie som var en del av den longitudinella studien "Pornografi, ungdomar och hälsa". Resultat visade att majoriteten av eleverna hade haft samlag (75 %, n=524) samt både givit (67 %, n=479) och fått oralsex (70 %, n=498). Fyrtio procent (n=282) av eleverna hade haft one night stand, en fjärdedel (n=159) analsex och 29 procent (n=202) sex med en kompis. Preventivmedelsanvändningen ökade från första samlaget till det senaste medan kondomanvändningen minskade. Fem procent (n=38) av eleverna hade haft en könssjukdom, fler kvinnor än män. Signifikanta skillnader avseende sexuella erfarenheter fanns mellan elever på yrkesförberedande- respektive studieförberedande gymnasieprogram, mellan elever med låg- och hög självskattad hälsa samt mellan elever med lågt- och högt riskbeteende beträffande livsstilsfaktorer. Två tredjedelar av de kvinnliga eleverna var vaccinerade mot HPV. Ingen signifikant skillnad med avseende på kondomanvändning fanns mellan de kvinnliga eleverna som var vaccinerade respektive ej vaccinerade mot HPV. Kunskap om dessa skillnader mellan kön och mellan elever på olika studieprogram samt att riskfaktorer uppmärksammas kan förbättra sexualundervisning och preventivmedelsrådgivning i vilka barnmorskan har en viktig roll.
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Collins, Blanche C. "The association between 2002 office Chlamydia screening rates, physician perception, and physician behavior." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2006. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007r/collins.pdf.
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Patavino, Giuseppina Maria. "Impacto do número de parceiros sexuais na triagem clínica de doadores de sangue, características demográficas e marcadores sorológicos para doenças transmissíveis por transfusão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5164/tde-21062012-111242/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: No Brasil, os doadores de sangue são submetidos à triagem clinica antes da doação através de um questionário padronizado que segue recomendações do Ministério da Saúde. Apesar de não ser obrigatório, os serviços de hemoterapia brasileiros costumam perguntar aos candidatos sobre o número de parceiros sexuais nos doze meses que precederam aquela doação de sangue. Os candidatos que referem um número de parceiros acima do limite permitido em cada hemocentro são recusados na triagem clínica pré-doação. Este estudo analisa as características demográficas, o número de parceiros heterossexuais e marcadores sorológicos em 689.868 doações de três hemocentros brasileiros, participantes do REDS-II, entre 1 de julho de 2007 a 31 de dezembro de 2009. MÉTODOS: Os doadores foram classificados de acordo com o número máximo declarado de parceiros sexuais nos últimos doze meses permitidos em cada hemocentro. Os valores de corte para Belo Horizonte, Recife e São Paulo são dois, três e seis parceiros, respectivamente. Foram realizados os testes de qui-quadrado e regressão logística a fim de examinar associações entre características demográficas, número de parceiros sexuais em doze meses e taxas de marcadores sorológicos individuais e globais positivas para o vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida (HIV), vírus linfotrópico humano (HTLV) tipo 1 e 2, hepatite B, hepatite C e sífilis. RESULTADOS: Doadores de primeira vez, jovens e com maior nível educacional foram associados a maior número de parceiros sexuais recentes, assim como o gênero em São Paulo e Recife (p < 0, 001). Marcadores sorológicos globais, para HIV e sífilis foram associados com maior número de parceiros em São Paulo e Recife (p < 0, 001), mas não em Belo Horizonte. Na análise de regressão logística, o número de parceiros sexuais foi associado com marcadores sorológicos positivos [razão de chance ajustada (AOR) 1,2-1,5], especialmente no HIV (AOR 1,9-4,4). Em conclusão, o número de parceiros sexuais nos doze meses antes da doação de sangue, foi associado com positividade para HIV e taxas globais de marcadores sorológicos para doenças transmissíveis por transfusão. A associação não foi consistente entre os centros, tornando difícil definir um valor de corte uniforme para todos os hemocentros brasileiros. Estes achados corroboram que o uso da informação dos contatos heterossexuais recentes é um importante critério de inaptidão e de melhora na segurança transfusional no BrasilINTRODUCTION: In Brazil, blood donors undergo medical screening before donation through a standardized questionnaire that follows recommendations from the Ministry of Health. Although not required, most of the Brazilian blood centers routinely ask candidates about the number of sexual partners in the twelve months preceding that blood donation. Candidates who refer a number of partners over the limit allowed in each blood center are refused at the predonation clinic screening. This study analyzes the demographic characteristics, the number of heterosexual partners and serological markers in 689,868 donations from three Brazilian blood center, participants in the REDS-II, from 1 July 2007 to December 31, 2009. METHODS: Donors were classified according to the stated maximum of the number of sexual partners in the last twelve months, allowed at each blood center. The cutoff values for Belo Horizonte, Recife and Sao Paulo are two, three and six partners, respectively. We conducted the chi-square and logistic regression to examine associations between demographic characteristics, number of sexual partners in twelve months and rates of individual and global serological markers positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type 1 and 2, hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis. RESULTS: First time donors, young and better educated were associated with increased number of recent sexual partners, as well as gender in São Paulo and Recife (p < 0.001). Global serological markers for HIV and syphilis were associated with greater number of partners in Sao Paulo and Recife (p < 0.001), but not in Belo Horizonte. In logistic regression analysis, the number of sexual partners was associated with positive serological markers [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.2 to 1.5], especially HIV (AOR 1.9 to 4.4). In conclusion, the number of sexual partners in the twelve months before blood donation was associated with HIV positivity and overall rates of serologic markers for transfusion-transmissible diseases. The association was not consistent among the Brazilian blood centers, making it difficult to set a uniform cut off value for all blood banks in Brazil. These findings confirm that, the use of information from recent heterosexual contacts is an important criterion of disability and improvement in transfusion safety in Brazil
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Rucker, Heather. "A Topic of Silence: Japan’s Sexual Education." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1617707670361019.
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Okonofua, Friday Ebhodaghe. "Female and male infertility in Nigeria : studies on the epidemiology of infertility in Nigeria with special reference to the role of genital tract infections and sexual and reproductive risk factors /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-354-X/.
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Perez, Arlene de Maria. "Uso de tabaco, uso de álcool, comportamento sexual e saúde mental em amostra de alunos oficiais da Academia de Policia Militar do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5169/tde-26112014-120611/.
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Introdução: As atividades e operações militares exigem mobilizações frequentes, sendo imperativo que seus membros permaneçam saudáveis física e mentalmente para o desempenho adequado de suas funções. Métodos: 473 alunos da Academia foram convidados a responder um questionário anônimo, autorresponsivo, referente ao consumo de tabaco e álcool, ao comportamento sexual e à saúde mental. O consumo de tabaco e álcool foi avaliado por questionário utilizado no Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto - ELSA-Brasil, o comportamento sexual foi avaliado por questionário aplicado pelo Ministério da Saúde em conscritos do Exército Brasileiro e, para avaliação da saúde mental, foi usado o Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). As variáveis categóricas foram expressas em porcentagem e comparadas usando qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher, conforme apropriado. As variáveis numéricas foram expressas em média (desvio padrão) e comparadas pelo teste ANOVA com teste post hoc de Bonferroni. O nível de significância foi de 5,0%. Todas as análises foram realizadas com SPSS-16.0. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 384 homens e 45 mulheres, a maioria de raça branca (76,2%), idade inferior a 30 anos, solteira, pertencente às classes sociais B1 e B2 (59,2%), paulista (99,1%) e com sustento próprio (75,5%). Verificou-se que 6,5% dos alunos oficiais eram fumantes (6,5% dos homens e 6,7% das mulheres, P=0,8), 69,7% dos alunos (71,9% dos homens e 51,1% das mulheres, P=0,02) ingeriam algum tipo de bebida alcoólica e 14,6% dos homens e 13,3% das mulheres (P=0,82) relatavam história prévia de doença sexualmente transmissível (DST). O uso consistente de proteção sexual com parcerias fixas foi de 17,4% nos homens e 33,3% nas mulheres (P=0,13), com parcerias casuais, foi de 64,2% nos homens e 60,0% nas mulheres (P=0,22), e com parcerias pagas, foi de 92,9% somente nos homens, considerando que apenas 14 homens valeram-se de tais parcerias. Aproximadamente 25,0% dos alunos acreditavam na transmissão de DST por meio do uso de banheiros públicos. A presença de transtorno mental comum (TMC) foi encontrada em 15,6% da amostra (sem diferença entre os sexos, P=0,98). Ao longo dos anos da Academia, notou-se um aumento médio do número de sintomas de TMC considerando a amostra toda com homens e mulheres (P de tendência = 0,02), somente homens (P de tendência = 0,003), somente homens que vieram da tropa (P de tendência = 0,053) e somente homens que vieram da vida civil (P de tendência = 0,02). Conclusão: A amostra tem menor prevalência de tabagismo em relação à população militar e civil dos EUA e à população civil brasileira. O consumo de álcool é semelhante ao da população brasileira e ao da população militar dos EUA. O uso de preservativos de forma consistente com parcerias fixas é menos frequente do que com parcerias casuais e parcerias pagas, o que se associou a uma maior frequência de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis na amostra. Os alunos oficiais mostram lacunas no conhecimento sobre a transmissão de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. Encontra-se a presença de transtornos mentais comuns em 15,6% da amostra, com tendência de aumento no número médio de sintomas, mas não na frequência de transtorno mental comum ao longo do curso. Concluiu-se que o conhecimento sobre DST ainda precisa melhorar e que, apesar de todas as orientações, o uso de preservativos ainda está longe do ideal nessa amostra de alunos oficiais da Academia de Polícia. O número de sintomas que fazem parte do diagnóstico de transtorno mental comum aumenta durante o curso sem ultrapassar o limiar diagnósticoIntroduction: The activities and military operations require frequent mobilizations and it is imperative that its members remain healthy physically and mentally for the proper performance of their duties. Methods: 473 Academy students were invited to answer an anonymous self-responsive questionnaire about tobacco and alcohol use, sexual behavior and mental health. The consumption of tobacco and alcohol was assessed by questionnaire used in the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health - ELSA-Brazil, sexual behavior was assessed by questionnaire administered by the Ministry of Health in the Brazilian army conscripts and for mental health assessment was used the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ - 20). Categorical variables are expressed as percentages and compared using chi-square or Fisher\'s exact test, as appropriate. Numerical variables are expressed as mean (standard deviation) and compared using ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni test. The significance level was 5%. All analyzes are performed using SPSS - 16.0. Results: The sample comprised 384 men and 45 women, mostly white (76.2%), under 30 years of age, unmarried , belonging to social classes B1 and B2 (59.2%), from the state of São Paulo (99.1%) and on own support (75.5%). It was found that 6.5% of military students are smokers (6.5% of men vs 6.7 % women, P=0,80), 69.7 % of students (71,9 % men vs 51.1 % women, P=0,02 ) drink some kind of alcoholic beverage and that 14.6% of men and 13.3% of women (P=0,82) reported previous sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Consistent use of protection with steady partners was 17.4% in men and 33.3% in women (P=0,13) with casual partners was 64.2% in men 60% women (P = 0,22), only 14 men had just paid partnerships and 92.9% protected themselves. Approximately 25% of students believe in STD transmission using public restrooms. The presence of common mental disorders (CMD) was of 15.6% of the sample (no gender difference, P=0,98). Over the years, the Academy has noticed an average increase in the number of symptoms of CMD considering the entire sample, men and women (P for trend =0,02), considering only men (P for trend =0,003), considering only men who came from troop (P for trend =0,053), and only men who came from civilian life (P trend =0,02). Conclusion: The sample has a lower prevalence of smoking in relation to military and civilian U.S. population and in relation to the Brazilian civilian population. Alcohol consumption is similar as consumption in Brazilian population and the military population of the U. S. Using condoms consistently with steady partners is less frequent than with casual partners and paid partnerships and this could explain the higher incidence of sexually transmitted diseases in the sample. The military students show gaps in knowledge about transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. We found the presence of common mental disorders in 15.6% of the sample, with an increasing trend in the average number of symptoms, but not in the frequency of common mental disorders throughout the course. We concluded that knowledge about STDs still needs to improve and that despite all the guidelines, condom use is still far from ideal in this sample of military students at the Police Academy. The number of symptoms that are part of diagnosis of the common mental disorder increased during the course without exceeding the threshold for diagnosis
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Olaiya, Samuel T. "Medical cost savings attributable to comprehensive sex education programs that delay coitus and increase condom use among adolescents in the United States." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1135888323.
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Placencia, Mary Louise. "Condom use in 15-19 year old adolescent girls before and after initiating hormonal contraception." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2123.
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This study provides data suggesting that adolescent girls who receive education and hormonal contraceptive methods at a school-based clinic in the Fontana Unified School District, are more likely to have a signficant improvement in condom use, which improves safe sex practices and reduces the risks of sexually transmitted diseases.
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Hulander, Anna, and Elin Lindström. "Studenters attityder till kondomanvänding och sexuella relationer : - en enkätstudie bland högskolestudenter." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-5274.
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Kondomanvändning vid sexuella kontakter har en betydande roll för att hindra utbredningen av sexuellt överförbara sjukdomar. I föreliggande studie har fokus legat på att undersöka högskolestudenters attityder till kondomanvändning. För att finna svar på frågeställningarna genomfördes en enkätundersökning på den utvalda högskolan. Totalt deltog 287 studenter som besvarat enkäten vilken bestod av frågor kring kondomanvändning vid sexuellt umgänge med sin partner samt vid tillfälliga sexuella relationer. Resultatet från enkätundersökningen har sammanställts och analyserats statistiskt. Undersökningen visade att studenter hade överlag en positiv attityd till att använda kondom samt ansåg att en diskussion bör föras tillsammans med sin partner om kondomanvändning. Studenterna ansåg att den främsta anledningen till att kondom inte användes var att den var avtändande i den sexuella situationen och resultatet visade även att studenterna använde kondom huvudsakligen för att förhindra sexuellt överförbara sjukdomar. Studenters attityder till kondomanvändning var positiv men för att minska spridning av sexuellt överförbara sjukdomar krävs en beteendeförändring som kan ske genom en förändring av normer och värderingar.
Condom use during sexual contacts has a significant role in preventing expansion of sexual transmitted diseases. The focus in this study has been to examine collegestudents attitudes towards condom use. A survey was performed on 287 students at the chosen college. The survey contained questions regarding condom use during sexual relations with a partner and during casual sexual relations. The results from the survey were statisticly analyzed and showed that students had a positive attitude towards condom use. They also thought it was important to have a discussion between the two partners regarding condom use. The students thought that the main reason that condoms were not used during sexual relations was because it led to a sexual turn off. The study also showed that if a condom was used it was primarily to prevent sexual transmitted diseases. Students attitudes towards condom use were positive, but to reduce sexual transmitted diseases from spreading there has to be a change in behavior and this can only be change through a change in norm and values.
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Stuart, Beth. "Three essays on sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted disease in the UK." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/72381/.
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This thesis aims to explore the measurement of and the correlation between risky sexual behaviour and chlamydia and gonorrhoea infection in the UK in three chapters. The first of these explores methods of calculating rates of Chlamydia and gonorrhoea infection at UK genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics. Data from KC60 returns from clinics in the Northwest, Southwest and East Midlands of England are used to provide a numerator for the rates and three methods are tested to derive the denominator: Thiessen polygons, 15 mile boundaries, and 30 minute drive times. The study finds that the rates calculated are relatively insensitive to the method chosen and thus the simplest approach, the Thiessen polygons, is recommended. The analysis also highlights substantial regional differences in GUM service accessibility. The second chapter uses latent class analysis to derive a measure of risky sexual behaviour with respect to chlamydia and gonorrhoea infection. Data from the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles II, a nationally representative survey of sexual behaviour in Britain, has been analysed in order to identify patterns of behaviours associated with increased disease risk A 3-class solution is obtained, with individuals classified on the basis of the number of partners they have had in the last 12 months. iii The third chapter examines the relationship between the rates of chlamydia and gonorrhoea infection and the measure of risky sexual behaviour. Small area estimates of risky behaviour are obtained for all wards in England using synthetic regression methods. These are then aggregated in line with the Thiessen polygons in order to explore the correlation with the rates of chlamydia and gonorrhoea infection. There is a positive correlation for both infections, but far stronger for gonorrhoea than chlamydia (r=0.70 and r=0.41 respectively), suggesting that although risky behaviour may explain some of the observed variation, further research is need to explore other possible explanations.
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Okonkwo, Beatrice Ihegharauche, and Marissa Louise Sitz. "Influences of alcohol, marijuana, peer pressure, parental or adult supervision, knowledge of STD's/HIV and pregnancy on the initiation of sexual activity." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2509.
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The purpose of the study was to show the variables that influence adolescents' sexual activities that have not been well defined. What leads adolescents to be more sexually active than previous generations? A Survey was conducted at the Fontana Unified School District.
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Ussher, Gregory Ronald. "The 'medical gaze' and the 'watchful eye' the treatment, prevention and epidemiology of venereal diseases in New South Wales c.1901-1925 /." Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3565.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2007.Title from title screen (viewed October 9, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 2007; theses submitted 2006. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Chen, Yao-Hsuan. "Network modeling of sexually transmitted diseases." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51883.
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We create a dynamic network model to replicate more closely the population network structures of interest. Network, Norms and HIV/STI Risk Among Youth (NNAHRAY) is a community relationship survey data set, which provides a rare sample of a human risky-behavior contact network. Combining disease compartmental models with our dynamic network model, we simulate the spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Herpes Simplex Type 2 Virus (HSV2) with consideration of HSV2's synergistic impact on HIV's transmission. Our model reproduces HIV prevalence, HSV-2 prevalence, and the contact network close to those observed in NNAHRAY, with HIV annual prevalence closer to the estimated values from the literature than those of any disease spread model based on static networks. The success of fitting our model to the target data shows the importance of considering the data sampling process, contact dynamics, and contact network structures. Our model, under certain conditions, has prevalence prediction results that are insensitive to changes in network size. The analysis of various prevention/intervention strategies targeting different risky groups gives important insights into strategy prioritization and illustrates how our model can be used to assist in making public health policy decisions in practice, both for individual diseases and in the more-recent area of study that considers synergy between two diseases.
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Pugsley, River. "Exploring the Social Determinants of Sexually Transmitted Disease and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2716.
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Abstract 1: A multi-level assessment of disproportionate population sex ratios and high-risk sexual behaviors among STD clinic patients Low male-to-female sex ratios in a population may influence high-risk sexual behaviors, such as multiple sex partners and inconsistent condom use, which facilitate the transmission of STDs. This study used multi-level modeling to assess whether population sex ratios were associated with these two individual-level behaviors. All analyses were stratified by gender. Interview data were collected from patients (N = 9,203, 48% male) attending participating STD clinics. Interviews included information on socio-demographics and sexual behavior, including number of sex partners in the previous 3 months and condom use at last sex. The sex ratio per census tract was obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. There was no association between sex ratio and multiple sex partners or condom use for either men or women. That is, we found no evidence that a shortage of men in census tracts was associated with increased engagement in high-risk sexual behavior. Abstract 2: A multi-level assessment of neighborhood vacancy rates and high-risk sexual behaviors among STD clinic patients The “broken windows” theory posits that physical neighborhood deterioration, and its association with reduced social cohesion, can lead to changes in individual behaviors. Thus individuals living in neighborhoods with high levels of deterioration may be more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors. This study used multi-level modeling to evaluate the extent to which high residential vacancy rates increased the likelihood of individuals having multiple sex partners. Interview data, including data on patient demographics and sexual behaviors, were collected from patients (N = 6,347, 52% male) attending participating STD clinics in the Richmond, Virginia area from 2008-2010. Neighborhood vacancy rates were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau. Fifty-one percent of men and 36% of women reported having 2 or more sex partners in the previous 3 months. Men who lived in census tracts with high vacancy rates were slightly more likely to report multiple sex partners (53.9%) compared to men who lived in low vacancy tracts (49.7%). In multi-level models, there was no association between high vacancy rates and having multiple sex partners among either women (OR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.20) or men (1.18; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.42). That is, we found no evidence that increased neighborhood deterioration, as measured by high residential vacancy rates, was associated with increased risk of having multiple sex partners among STD clinic patients. Abstract 3: Residential segregation and gonorrhea rates in U.S. metropolitan statistical areas The residential segregation of black populations, often in areas of high economic disadvantage and low social status, may play a crucial role in the observed racial inequities in STD rates. An ecological analysis of 2005-2009 average gonorrhea rates was performed across 277 U.S. metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). The black isolation index and Gini index of income inequality were used as proxy measures for racial and economic residential segregation respectively, derived from 2005-2009 U.S. Census estimates. We used logistic regression modeling to produce estimates of odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between a high black isolation index and Gini index, both independently and in combination, on gonorrhea rates in MSAs. Effect measure modification was assessed by calculating the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) between the two indices. Compared to MSAs with low levels of racial segregation, MSAs with high levels of racial segregation had increased odds of high gonorrhea rates (adjusted OR 5.54; 95% CI: 2.29-13.44). Adjustment for potential confounders did not noticeably impact the relationship between the Gini index and gonorrhea, with higher levels of income inequality predicting higher gonorrhea rates (adjusted OR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.21-5.03). In combined models, the influence of racial residential segregation on gonorrhea rates was stronger than that of income inequality-based segregation; there was no evidence of additivity or a multiplicative interaction. Residential segregation by race or income equality may be a key component in the perpetuation of high rates of gonorrhea and other STDs among black populations in the U.S.
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Meadows, Emily Christine. "Sexual networks of individuals infected with sexually transmitted infections: Structure and disease transmission." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27273.
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Increases in the rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) suggest that control programs may not be targeting the population responsible for the spread of STIs - core groups. The objective was to examine STI transmission within these groups using both traditional epidemiology and social network analysis. Routine partner notification data, supplemented with more detailed voluntary information, was collected from individuals diagnosed with, or exposed to a STI in Manitoba. Groups of individuals were identified (n=2,508), and their profiles described. Larger groups (size > 15) had more repeat cases, and contacts that were repeatedly named. Three different groups were identified, containing individuals which differed demographically and clinically. This study uniquely identified same-sex partnerships within larger groups. A greater understanding of disease transmission patterns within these groups will clearly aid in the development of targeted education and prevention programs for all STIs.