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Pillay, Neville, and Tasmin Rymer. "Female mate choice for paternal care behaviour in African striped mice Rhabdomys pumilio: the role of experience." Behaviour 147, no. 9 (2010): 1101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000579510x505445.
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AbstractPaternal care is a behavioural characteristic that can be selected for by females. By preferentially mating with 'good' fathers, females may directly increase their own reproductive success and may indirectly increase the prevalence of this trait in their sons. We investigated female mate choice in naturally paternal desert-dwelling African striped mice Rhabdomys pumilio. In two-way choice tests, we presented females with olfactory cues from males differing in levels of paternal care quality, paternal care experience, or mating experience. We predicted that females would prefer: (i) males showing higher levels of care; (ii) paternally experienced over paternally naïve males; and (iii) sexually experienced over sexually naïve males. Females did not distinguish between males of differing paternal care quality or paternal care experience, but maternally experienced females showed a preference for sexually experienced over sexually naïve males. Females may prefer sexually experienced males because these males are able to defend territories for breeding. We conclude that paternal care is selectively advantageous because of its apparent fitness benefits. Nonetheless, our study shows that paternal care has evolved independently of female choice in striped mice, since females did not choose between males of differing paternal care abilities.
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Hardin, Kimeron N., and Steven R. Gold. "Relationship of Sex, Sex Guilt, and Experience to Written Sexual Fantasies." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 8, no. 2 (October 1988): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/yqqj-7a8u-23le-59kj.
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The influence of sex, sex guilt, and sexual experience on college students sexual fantasies was examined. Twenty-one males and forty-nine females handed in at least three written-out sexual fantasies which were rated on a fantasy checklist. Male fantasies were found to be more explicit, and mention group sex more often than female fantasies. Females mentioned themes of romance and commitment more often than males. Sexually experienced subjects tended to have more explicit fantasies than sexually less experienced subjects. The level of sex guilt did not discriminate among subjects. Subjects who defined themselves as nonreligious had more explicit and richer sexual fantasies.
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Fiscus, Lynne C., Carol A. Ford, and William C. Miller. "Infrequency of Sexually Transmitted Disease Screening Among Sexually Experienced U.S. Female Adolescents." Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 36, no. 6 (November 2004): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/3623304.
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Olusegun, Grace Funmilayo. "Impact of Poverty and Religion on Sexual Coercion experienced by University Female Students." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 7 (August 7, 2020): 852–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.77.8726.
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The study investigated the impact of religion and poverty on sexual coercion experienced among University female students in Nigeria Universities. The descriptive design of the survey type was employed for the study. The sample consisted of 1,200 sexually coerced female students, selected from nine universities drawn from South West using purposive sampling technique, simple random and stratified random sampling techniques. An instrument titled ‘Sexual Coercion Questionnaire’ was used. Test re-test method was used to establish the reliability of the instrument. The reliability coefficient of 0.75 was obtained. Analysis of Variance and t-test were used to test the hypotheses generated at 0.05 level of significance. It was revealed that sexual coercion experienced by female university students will depend on the type of religion practiced. It was also found that perpetrators will sexually coerce female students irrespective of their financial status. It was therefore recommended that the intensity of religious activities must be increased in Nigerian universities. More so, Professional Counselors should team up with the University administrators to fight sexual coercive behaviours among University Students and that anyone found guilty of sexual coercion should be punished.
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Kudwa, A. E., F. J. López, R. F. McGivern, and R. J. Handa. "A Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator Enhances Male-Directed Sexual Preference, Proceptive Behavior, and Lordosis Behavior in Sexually Experienced, But Not Sexually Naive, Female Rats." Endocrinology 151, no. 6 (April 14, 2010): 2659–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-1289.
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Androgens influence many aspects of reproductive behavior, including sexual preference of females for males. In oophorectomized women with sexual desire disorder, testosterone patches improve libido, but their use is limited because of adverse side effects. Selective androgen receptor modulators offer an improved safety profile for both sexes: enhancing libido and muscle and bone growth in a manner similar to steroidal androgens but with fewer adverse effects, such as hirsutism, acne, and prostate growth. The current study investigated the action of a novel selective androgen receptor modulator (LGD-3303 [9-chloro-2-ethyl-1-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-3H-pyrrolo-[3,2-f]quinolin-7(6H)-one]) on male-directed sexual preference, proceptivity, and lordosis behavior of female rats. LGD-3303 is a nonsteroidal, nonaromatizable, highly selective ligand for the androgen receptor and effectively crosses the blood-brain barrier. Gonadectomized female rats were treated with LGD-3303 (3–30 mg/kg) or vehicle by daily oral gavage. Results showed that LGD-3303 treatment enhanced sexual preference of females for males but only if females had previous sexual experience. This occurred after 1 or 7 d of treatment. In contrast, preference for males was inhibited by LGD-3303 treatments of sexually naive females. The LGD-3303 increase in male preference was blocked by pretreatment with the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide. LGD-3303 treatment increased lordosis and proceptivity behaviors in ovariectomized females primed with suboptimal doses of estradiol benzoate plus progesterone. These data support the concept that LGD-3303 can stimulate aspects of female sexual behavior and may serve as a potential therapeutic for women with sexual desire disorders.
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DeGue, Sarah, and David DiLillo. "Understanding Perpetrators of Nonphysical Sexual Coercion: Characteristics of Those Who Cross the Line." Violence and Victims 19, no. 6 (December 2004): 673–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.6.673.66345.
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Sexual coercion is defined here as a form of male sexual misconduct in which nonphysical tactics (e.g., verbal pressure) are utilized to gain sexual contact with an unwilling female partner. This study compares the risk characteristics of sexually coercive (n = 81) and nonoffending college males (n = 223) across several domains. Results revealed that sexual coercers differed from nonoffenders in that they more often subscribed to rape myths, viewed interpersonal violence as more acceptable, reported greater hostility toward females, and perceived male-female relationships as more inherently adversarial. In addition, compared to nonoffenders, sexually coercive males showed stronger indicators of promiscuity and delinquency, reported more psychopathic personality traits, had more empathic deficits, and were more likely to have experienced certain forms of childhood abuse. In most respects, coercers did not differ from those who reported engaging in more severe forms of sexual assault involving the use of physical force. These results suggest important differences between nonoffending males and those who “cross the line” by engaging in sexually coercive acts. In addition, consistent parallels can be drawn between the predictors of sexual coercion identified in this study and those documented in the sexual aggression (e.g., forcible rape) literature.
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McGuire, Betty, and Lowell L. Getz. "Response of young female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) to nonresident males: implications for population regulation." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): 1348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-190.
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We measured behavioral and physiological responses to nonresident males of young female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) living in family groups. Although substantial variation both among families and among littermates was noted, females generally exhibited investigative and affiliative behavior toward nonresident males, and many were reproductive at the end of a 10-day period. Approximately 31 and 56% of females exposed to sexually inexperienced and experienced males, respectively, had uterine weights greater than or equal to 30 mg. Females exposed in the absence of their fathers to sexually experienced males displayed the highest levels of interaction with nonresident males, and 71% were classified as reproductive. Control females, exposed either to castrated nonresident males or not exposed to nonresident males, remained nonreproductive. Frequent interactions with nonresident males can thus override the reproductive suppression experienced by young female prairie voles at natal nests. The resultant increase in proportion of reproductive females within each family group may contribute to dramatic increases in population density. By limiting interactions between their daughters and nonresident males, resident males play a role in population regulation.
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Schlaepfer, Martin A., and Jeremy N. McNeil. "Are virgin male lepidopterans more successful in mate acquisition than previously mated individuals? A study of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 11 (November 1, 2000): 2045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-147.
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Male phenotypic quality may significantly influence female reproductive success. Depletion of sperm and accessory-gland secretions with successive matings represents a reduction in male phenotypic quality and is known to decrease female reproductive output in several lepidopteran species, including the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis. We therefore tested the hypothesis that female ECBs, given the simultaneous choice of an experienced male and a virgin male, preferentially mate with the virgin. However, contrary to prediction, females mated significantly more often with experienced males. Experienced males were significantly lighter than their virgin counterparts, the result of producing three spermatophores that were transferred during previous matings. However, differences in body mass or wing-loading did not appear to play an important role, for within either the experienced or virgin classes, heavier males obtained more matings than lighter ones. Why would females prefer to mate with sexually experienced males? Females may not be exercising any precopulatory choice, and the greater mating success of previously mated males may be related to previous experience. Behavioral observations, however, suggest that female choice occurred. In the process of selecting experienced males, the number of consecutive matings was correlated with low fluctuating asymmetry of the forewing (R-L). This suggests that males who acquired 3 consecutive matings were of above-average quality and were actively selected by females.
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Moldowan, P. D., R. J. Brooks, and J. D. Litzgus. "Demographics of injuries indicate sexual coercion in a population of Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 98, no. 4 (April 2020): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2019-0238.
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Sexually coercive reproductive tactics are widespread among animals. Males may employ specialized structures to harass, intimidate, or physically harm females to force copulation, and injuries to the head and neck are reported in taxa with sexually coercive mating systems. The mating tactics of Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta (Schneider, 1783)) are typically described as involving male courtship and female choice. In contrast, female Painted Turtles in our study population display injuries on the head and neck indicative of bite wounds inflicted by sexually dimorphic tomiodonts and weaponized shell morphology of males during reproductive interactions. Using a 24-year data set, we demonstrate population-level trends in soft tissue wounds inflicted by conspecifics. Adult females experienced more wounding than adult males or juveniles, and larger females had a greater probability of wounding than smaller females. Wounding was concentrated on the dorsal head and neck of females, consistent with expectation of sexual coercion. Furthermore, elevated rates of fresh wounding occurred during late summer, concurrent with the breeding period. By assessing wound demographics, we provide indirect evidence that the tomiodonts and shell of male Painted Turtles inflict injury and function as sexual weapons. These findings shed new light on our understanding of mating system complexity in an often-overlooked and difficult-to-observe taxonomic group.
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Reitz-Krueger, Cristina L., Sadie J. Mummert, and Sara M. Troupe. "Real men can't get raped: an examination of gendered rape myths and sexual assault among undergraduates." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 9, no. 4 (October 9, 2017): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-06-2017-0303.
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Purpose While awareness of sexual assaults on college campuses has increased, the majority of efforts to address it are focused on female victims. The relative neglect of male victims may be due in part to problematic rape myths that suggest men cannot be sexually assaulted, especially by women. The purpose of this paper is to compare rates of different types of sexual assault between male and female undergraduates, and explore the relationship between acceptance of traditional rape myths focused on female victims, and rape myths surrounding male victims. Design/methodology/approach Students at a mid-sized university in Pennsylvania (n=526) answered an online questionnaire about their own experiences of sexual assault since coming to college, as well as their endorsement of male and female rape myths. Findings While women experienced more sexual assault overall, men were just as likely to have experienced rape (i.e. forced penetration) or attempted rape. Acceptance of male and female rape myths was significantly correlated and men were more likely than women to endorse both. Participants were also more likely to endorse female than male rape myths. Research limitations/implications By analyzing sexual assaults in terms of distinct behaviors instead of one composite score, the authors can get a more nuanced picture of how men and women experience assault. Practical implications Campus-based efforts to address sexual assault need to be aware that male students also experience assault and that myths surrounding men as victims may impede their ability to access services. Originality/value This paper contributes to our knowledge of a relatively understudied topic: undergraduate male victims of sexual assault.
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Odeyemi, Kofoworola, Tolulope Olufunlayo, Babatunde Ogunnowo, and Adebayo Onajole. "Sexual Violence Among Out-of-School Female Adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria." SAGE Open 6, no. 4 (October 2016): 215824401666997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244016669972.
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Sexual violence against females is a public health problem. This descriptive cross-sectional study sought to determine the prevalence of sexual violence among out-of-school female adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria and examine the context in which it occurs. Three hundred and fifty adolescents, between the ages of 10 and 19 years, working in Sandgrouse market, Lagos, were selected using cluster sampling. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Almost half (42.9%) of the respondents have had sexual intercourse, and median age at initiation was 17 years. Forced initiation was reported by 15.8%, and 36.3% reported that first intercourse was due to coercion. Among the sexually active, only 12.3% stated that “it is what they desire.” Majority of respondents (64.1%) believe that rape is common in their community, and 18% of the sexually active have experienced rape. Out-of-school adolescents in this community are at risk of sexual violence. The factors that make them vulnerable need to be addressed.
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Goldschmidt-Gjerløw, Beate, and Irene Trysnes. "#MeToo in school: teachers’ and young learners’ lived experience of verbal sexual harassment as a pedagogical opportunity." Human Rights Education Review 3, no. 2 (October 12, 2020): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/hrer.3720.
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Based on a case study of verbal sexual harassment experienced by a young female teacher and her 17-year-old student in a Norwegian upper secondary school, this article addresses challenges and strengths of drawing upon negative experiences of ‘lived injustice’ in class, arguing that such experiences can serve as a resource for education about, through and for human rights. Complementing this case study, we discuss a survey we have conducted among secondary school students (N=382), concerning how young learners report being sexually harassed and how often they experience that an adult intervenes in the situation. Combining the theoretical framework of human rights education (HRE) and the concepts of intersectionality and recognition, this article discusses the pedagogical potential of drawing upon teachers’ and young learners’ experiences of verbal sexual harassment.
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deCatanzaro, Denys, and Tyler Pollock. "Absorption and distribution of estradiol from male seminal emissions during mating." Journal of Endocrinology 231, no. 3 (December 2016): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-16-0247.
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Estradiol-17β (E2) plays critical roles in female maturation, sexual receptivity, ovulation and fertility. In many mammals, contact with males can similarly affect these female parameters, whereas male excretions contain significant quantities of E2. We administered radiolabeled estradiol ([3H]E2) to male mice in doses representing a small fraction of their endogenous E2. These males were paired with sexually receptive females, and radioactivity was traced into the females’ systems. In Experiment 1, males were given [3H]E2 at 24 and 1 h before mating. Male-to-female [3H]E2 transfer intensified with increasing numbers of intromissions and spiked in the uterus after insemination. In Experiment 2, sexually experienced young males received [3H]E2 at 72 and 24 h before mating, and all mated to ejaculation. The copulatory plug deposited in the female reproductive tract contained substantial levels of radioactivity. The uteri, other tissues and blood serum of females displayed radioactivity indicative of E2 transfer. In Experiment 3, radioactivity was observed 3 and 18 h after insemination in the females’ uteri and other tissues, including parts of the brain. In Experiment 4, we observed substantial levels of radioactivity in semen as well as the copulatory plugs retrieved from the females after mating. Transferred E2 could directly affect abundant estrogen receptors in the female reproductive tract without potential metabolism by the liver. Sexually transferred E2 may facilitate uterine preparation for blastocyst implantation. These data converge with several lines of evidence indicating that male-sourced E2 can transfer to proximate females in bioactive form, contributing to various mammalian pheromonal effects.
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Dada, John Olusegun, Isaac Oladayo Olaseha, and Ademola Johnson Ajuwon. "Sexual Behavior and Knowledge of AIDS among Female Trade Apprentices in a Yoruba Town in South-Western Nigeria." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 17, no. 3 (October 1997): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/t27x-jdqh-6t4e-b861.
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This exploratory study was carried out among unmarried female trade apprentices in Ikorodu, a Yoruba town in south-western Nigeria, to identify sexual risk behaviors, assess knowledge on HIV/AIDS, and recommend an appropriate AIDS education program. Four focus groups were conducted to gain insight into the social-cultural and economic factors influencing sexual risk behaviors, followed by a survey involving 280 randomly selected respondents. Findings showed that many group discussants approved of premarital sex and believed that sex with multiple partners occurred mainly because of the economic difficulties encountered by female apprentices. Most of the survey respondents (70.9%) were sexually experienced, with age of first sexual intercourse ranging from eleven to twenty-two years. One hundred and fifty-five (78.2%) were sexually active; of these, 37.4 percent said that their last sexual encounter occurred because they could not resist the pressure put on them by their male partners, were under the influence of alcohol, were in need of money, and raped. Sixty percent of the sexually active respondents did not take any action to prevent STD or pregnancy during their last sexual encounter. Of the fifty-eight who did, 37.9 percent used the condom. Of those sexually experienced (45.3%) have had at least one STD symptom in the year before, half of them did not do anything about their condition; 37 percent practiced self-medication or received injections from quacks. Although 70.9 percent had heard about AIDS, many had limited knowledge about the nonsexual routes of HIV transmission. Appropriate intervention strategies were recommended to educate the apprentices.
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Griner, Stacey B., Cheryl A. Vamos, Erika L. Thompson, Rachel Logan, Coralia Vázquez-Otero, and Ellen M. Daley. "The Intersection of Gender Identity and Violence: Victimization Experienced by Transgender College Students." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 23-24 (August 8, 2017): 5704–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517723743.
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College students disproportionately experience victimization, stalking, and relationship violence when compared with other groups. Few studies explore victimization by the gender identity of college students, including those who identify as transgender. The purpose of this study is to explore the rates of violence experienced by transgender students compared with male and female college students. This study utilized the National College Health Assessment–II (NCHA-II) and included data from students ( n = 82,538) across fall 2011, 2012, and 2013. Bivariate statistics and binary logistic regression were conducted to test the relationships between gender identity and victimization. Transgender students ( n = 204) were compared with male ( n = 27,322) and female ( n = 55,012) students. After adjusting for individual factors, transgender students had higher odds of experiencing all nine types of violence when compared with males and higher odds of experiencing eight types of violence than females. Transgender students experienced the highest odds in crimes involving sexual victimization, including attempted sexual penetration (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 9.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [6.17, 14.59], d = 1.00), sexual penetration without consent (aOR: 9.06, 95% CI = [5.64, 14.53], d = 0.94), and being in a sexually abusive relationship (aOR: 6.48, 95% CI = [4.01, 10.49], d = 0.48), than did male students. Findings reveal increased odds of victimization among transgender students when compared with male and female students. Results demonstrate the need for more comprehensive violence prevention efforts in college settings.
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Kizilhan, Jan Ilhan, Florian Steger, and Michael Noll-Hussong. "Shame, dissociative seizures and their correlation among traumatised female Yazidi with experience of sexual violence." British Journal of Psychiatry 216, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.2.
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BackgroundSurvivors of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) captivity are at high risk of developing mental disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).AimsThis study looks at the correlation between sexual abuse, shame, somatoform or bodily distress disorders, and dissociative seizures (psychogenic non-epileptic seizures).MethodThe psychological effects of traumatic events and dissociative seizure were assessed in Yazidi women who were held captive by ISIS in Northern Iraq between 2014 and 2018. These effects were examined comparing 64 women who were held captive and sexually abused by ISIS with 60 women suffering from PTSD who were not held captive and sexually abused by ISIS. Structured clinical-psychological interviews and established psychometric questionnaires were used to assess mental disorders especially dissociative seizures and somatoform disorders, and shame related to trauma.ResultsWomen who were held captive by ISIS showed a significantly higher prevalence of dissociative seizures (43.7%; P = 0.02) and somatisation disorder (38.7%; P = 0.02), as well as depressive (75.0%; P = 0.42) and anxiety disorders (62.5%; P = 0.44), than women who were not held captive and sexually abused by ISIS. Dissociative disorders were identified in 40.6% (P = 0.36) of those female Yazidi who experienced sexual violence while being held captive.ConclusionsShame in connection with sexual violence seems to play an important role in negative self-perception after rape. Dissociation not only plays an important role in unprocessed childhood trauma with feelings of shame, but also in more recent trauma experiences with shame.
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Francis, Jenny K. R., Lauren Dapena Fraiz, Marina Catallozzi, and Susan L. Rosenthal. "Qualitative Analysis of Sexually Experienced Female Adolescents: Attitudes about Vaginal Health." Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 29, no. 5 (October 2016): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2016.04.003.
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Laband, David N., and Bernard F. Lentz. "The Effects of Sexual Harassment on Job Satisfaction, Earnings, and Turnover among Female Lawyers." ILR Review 51, no. 4 (July 1998): 594–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399805100403.
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Using data from the American Bar Association's National Survey of Career Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction (1990), the authors estimate the incidence and impact of sexual harassment in the legal profession. Nearly two-thirds of female lawyers in private practice and nearly half of those in corporate or public agency settings reported either experiencing or observing sexual harassment by male superiors, colleagues, or clients during the two years prior to the survey. Female lawyers who had experienced or observed sexual harassment by male superiors or colleagues reported lower overall job satisfaction than did those who had not, as well as a greater intention to quit. The authors speculate that employers and coworkers may sometimes be able to sexually harass female employees in ways or degrees that are not sanctionable but that induce the victims to quit. Sexual harassment may contribute to an undetermined extent to many aspects of women's employment experience, including absenteeism, turnover, productivity rates and work motivation, job dissatisfaction, and unemployment. —MacKinnon, Sexual Harassment of Working Women
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Hess, J., A. Henkel, J. Bohr, C. Rehme, A. Panic, L. Panic, R. Rossi Neto, B. Hadaschik, and Y. Hess. "Sexuality after Male-to-Female Gender Affirmation Surgery." BioMed Research International 2018 (May 27, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9037979.
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Male-to-Female (MtF) gender affirmation surgery (GAS) comprises the creation of a functional and aesthetic perineogenital complex. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of GAS on sexuality. We retrospectively surveyed all 254 MtF transsexual patients who had undergone GAS with penile inversion vaginoplasty at the Department of Urology, University Hospital Essen, Germany, between 2004 and 2010. In total, we received 119 completed questionnaires after a median of 5.05 years since surgery. Of the study participants, 33.7% reported a heterosexual, 37.6% a lesbian, and 22.8% a bisexual orientation related to the self-perceived gender. Of those who had sexual intercourse, 55.8% rated their orgasms to be more intensive than before, with 20.8% who felt no difference. Most patients were satisfied with the sensitivity of the neoclitoris (73.9%) and with the depth of the neovaginal canal (67.1%). The self-estimated pleasure of sexual activity correlated significantly with neoclitoral sensitivity but not with neovaginal depth. There was a significant correlation between the ease with which patients were able to become sexually aroused and their ability to achieve orgasms. In conclusion, orgasms after surgery were experienced more intensely than before in the majority of women in our cohort and neoclitoral sensitivity seems to contribute to enjoyment of sexual activity to a greater extent than neovaginal depth.
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AGYEI, WILLIAM K. A., RICHARD B. BIRITWUM, A. G. ASHITEY, and ROBERT B. HILL. "SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AND CONTRACEPTION AMONG UNMARRIED ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS IN GREATER ACCRA AND EASTERN REGIONS OF GHANA." Journal of Biosocial Science 32, no. 4 (October 2000): 495–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000004958.
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A fertility survey of unmarried adolescents and young adults (953 males and 829 females) in Greater Accra and Eastern regions of Ghana revealed that a substantial proportion of the respondents were sexually experienced. Overall, 66·8% of the males and 78·4% of the females were sexually experienced. The mean ages (±SD) of the males and females were 15·5±2·5 and 16·2±2·0 years, respectively. Most respondents claimed to have received adequate information on reproductive health and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including AIDS. However, 20% and 30% of the respondents in peri-urban and rural areas, respectively, did not know that a girl could get pregnant the first time she has sexual intercourse. The incidence of pregnancy among the unmarried female respondents was relatively high (37%), and was higher in urban than in rural areas. Approximately 47% of those who had ever been pregnant reported that they had had an abortion. Levels of contraceptive awareness were high (98·2% among males and 95·5% among females) but many still engaged in unprotected sexual relations. The most commonly used methods were the condom and the pill. The main reasons given for non-use were that they did not think about contraception, were concerned about the safety of contraceptives, and partner objection. These findings point to the need for targeting of unmarried adolescents and young adults with information on reproductive health and family planning to increase their awareness of the risks of pregnancy, STDs and HIV infection.
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Dean, Judith, Marion Mitchell, Donald Stewart, and Joseph Debattista. "Sexual health knowledge and behaviour of young Sudanese Queenslanders: a cross-sectional study." Sexual Health 14, no. 3 (2017): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16171.
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Background Forced migration is associated with sexual vulnerability. However, little is known about the sexual health literacy and needs of refugee-background youth post resettlement. Methods: Conducted in partnership with the Queensland Sudanese community, this study used a cross-sectional survey to explore the sexual health knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of a convenience sample of 16- to 24-year-old Sudanese-background youth in Australia (n = 229). Results: Sexually transmissible infection (STI) and HIV knowledge scores were generally low, although they were found to significantly improve the longer participants had lived in Australia (P < 0.001). Female participants reported significantly higher levels of both STI and HIV knowledge compared with the male cohort (P < 0.001). The aggregated sexual risk behaviour score suggests generally low levels of risk-taking behaviour. However, of the 140 sexually active participants, 3.1% reported a STI diagnosis, 9.0% reported sex leading to a pregnancy and 33.1% reported they had experienced unwanted sex. Participants also reported engaging in behaviours such as anal sex (33%) and sharing injecting drug equipment. Conclusions: Patterns of sexual behaviour among this predominately refugee-background group are not dissimilar to those of other young Australians. Nonetheless, the self-reported patterns of risk behaviour combined with the low and inaccurate levels of sexual health knowledge suggest this group of young people remain sexually vulnerable, particularly early within their resettlement experience. Culturally and contextually informed sexual health interventions are needed early within the resettlement experience.
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Anusornteerakul, Soiy, Pakvilai Srisaeng, Nilubon Rujiraprasert, and Somjit Maungpin. "Adolescents’ Reproductive Health Status In Urban Slums In The Khon Kaen Municipality, Thailand." American Journal of Health Sciences (AJHS) 3, no. 4 (September 21, 2012): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajhs.v3i4.7320.
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This descriptive study aimed to explain the reproductive health of urban slum adolescents in the Khon Kaen Municipality area of Khon Kaen, Thailand. A self-reported questionnaire that took about 20 minutes to complete was used for data collection. Multi-stage simple random sampling was adopted in the selection of five target communities to recruit 277 male and female adolescents aged 10–19 years in accordance with the proportion of male and female adolescents in the area. Frequencies, percentages, standard deviations, and means were used for the data analysis. The female and male participants had an average age of 14.62 ± 2.66 years and 14.58 ± 2.84 years, respectively. The average menarcheal age was 12.96 ± 1.58 years, while the age at which the first wet dream was experienced for boys was 14.12 ± 1.44 years. Most of the participants were in elementary school, while 5.7% of female and 2.4% of male adolescents did not attend school. Most girls and boys knew about contraceptive pills and condoms, but not other birth control methods. Contraceptive pills were used by 26.4% of female adolescents and condoms were used by 39.8% of male adolescents. However, it was reported that less than 10% of males and females regularly used condoms. The lowest age of the 36.5% of girls who had had a sexual experience was 10 years, whereas the lowest age of the 40.7% of sexually experienced boys was 11 years. The average age of the group of females who had started to have sexual intercourse was 14.81 ± 1.71 years, and the average age of the group of males who had had sexual intercourse was 15.23 ± 1.32 years. Most of the sample had had intercourse with their girlfriends or boyfriends. It was found that 1.3% of the girls and 1.8% of the boys were prostitutes and that 10.9% of the boys had visited brothels. Twenty-two percent of the girls admitted that they had masturbated, while 41.0% of the males did. About 17.8% of the female adolescents had been pregnant; 50% of those pregnancies ended in abortion and 50% of the females had been pregnant more than once.
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Van Furth, W. R., I. G. Wolterink-Donselaar, and J. M. van Ree. "Endogenous opioids are differentially involved in appetitive and consummatory aspects of sexual behavior of male rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 266, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): R606—R613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.2.r606.
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The sexual activity of 40 male Wistar rats was tested weekly in a bilevel test chamber to evaluate the involvement of endogenous opioids in the appetitive and consummatory aspects of sexual behavior. It has been suggested that the increase of the anticipatory level-changing behavior over repeated testing, displayed before the introduction of a receptive female, is sexually motivated. Two doses of the opioid antagonist naloxone, 1 and 10 mg/kg, prevented the increase of the anticipatory level-changing over four repeated tests of sexually experienced rats without prior experience in the bilevel test chamber and decreased the number of level changes of rats displaying a high number of level changes. Analysis of the pattern of inhibition suggested that the lower dose of naloxone may reduce sexual reward and that, in addition, the higher dose may block the expression of motivation. In contrast, naloxone treatment facilitated the efficiency of the sexual performance, with less mounts and intromissions preceding ejaculation and a shorter ejaculation latency, implying an inhibitory role of endogenous opioids in the neural control of some aspects of sexual performance (e.g., ejaculatory threshold). These results suggest that endogenous opioids may increase sexual appetite and diminish sexual performance.
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Papantoniou, Panagiotis. "Sexual harassment and organisational silencing in nursing: a cross-sectional study in Greece." BMJ Open 11, no. 11 (November 2021): e050850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050850.
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ObjectiveThis study investigates the frequency of sexual harassment among female nurses in the Greek health system and the nurses’ reluctance to report their experiences.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingGreece.Participants1264 female nurses of working age across different settings responded to the Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ) web-based format between October 2020 and February 2021. The period investigated by the SEQ was the participant’s entire professional life. The final sample consisted of 1217 nurses with valid data on the frequency of sexually harassing behaviours (gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, sexual coercion) and the reasons for not reporting sexual harassment.Main outcome measuresThe frequency of sexual harassment was measured in a 5-point Likert Scale (1: very often, 2: often, 3: occasionally, 4: rarely, 5: never), the decision to report/not report sexual harassment was measured in a yes/no format and the impact of sexual harassment on the physical, mental and job-related performance was measured in a 5-point Likert Scale (1: very positively, 2: positively, 3: moderately, 4: negatively, 5: very negatively).Results70% of the nurses have experienced sexual harassment at least once in their working lives, while the most frequent type is gender harassment. Male doctors are the most common perpetrators. T-tests and analysis of variance showed that private and younger nurses were more likely to experience sexual harassment while divorced nurses with 1–5 years of experience dealt with sexually coercive behaviours more frequently. 30% did not report sexual harassment because of the fear of negative consequences and beliefs that no action will be taken against the perpetrator. Multiple regression analyses showed that unwanted sexual attention and sexual coercion explain the victim’s physical and job-related adverse outcomes. Cronbach’s α was 0.939.ConclusionsThe results show that sexual harassment rates are high in the Greek health system, while many victims do not report their experiences to the authorities. This emphasises the need to implement drastic measures on behalf of the National Health Service (NHS) policy makers towards helping victims speak up without the fear of negative consequences. Nurse managers are called to implement effective policies against sexual harassment.
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Guarraci, Fay A., Chantal M. F. Gonzalez, Devon Lucero, Lourdes K. Davis, and Sarah H. Meerts. "Sexual Behavior is Enhanced by Regular, Repeated Mating from Young Adulthood to Middle Age in Female Long-Evans Rats." Current Aging Science 13, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874609812666191210123559.
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Background: Aging is associated neuroendocrine changes in women. Animals can be used to model these changes, as well as changes in reproductive behavior. Objective: The current study was designed to characterize mating behavior across age and assess the effects of age and sexual history on mating behavior. Methods: Sexual motivation was assessed using the partner-preference test, in which a female rat is given the choice to interact with a same-sex conspecific or a sexually-vigorous male rat, with which she can mate. Results: Across repeated mating tests (2-12 months of age), female rats spent more time with the male, displayed more solicitation behaviors, were less likely to leave the male after mounts, but visited both stimulus animals less frequently. Comparing a separate group of age-matched, hormoneyoked female rats mated for the first time at 12 months of age to female rats mated for the first time at 2 months of age showed that the 12 month rats visited both stimulus animals less, were less likely to leave the male after mounts, took longer to return to the male after mounts, and displayed fewer solicitation behaviors than their younger counterparts. Relative to middle-aged female rats once they were sexually experienced, 12 month naïve rats spent less time with the male, were more likely to leave the male after mounts, and displayed fewer solicitation behaviors. Furthermore, 12 month naïve rats failed to discriminate between the stimulus animals, visiting both stimulus animals at the same rate unlike 2 month naïve or 12 month experienced rats. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that aging affects some measures of sexual behavior, but most effects of age can be mitigated by regular, repeated mating.
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Kehayes, Ivy-Lee L., Amanda Hudson, Kara Thompson, Christine Wekerle, Heather Stuart, Keith Dobson, Terry Krupa, and Sherry H. Stewart. "The Consequences of Alcohol-Involved Sexual Victimization in Male and Female College Students." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 37, no. 3 (November 1, 2018): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2018-014.
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Alcohol intoxication is often involved for both victims and perpetrators of sexual victimization. Yet, alcohol-involved sexual victimization research has mainly focused on female victims, excluding male victims. The current study addresses gaps in the literature by focusing on sex differences in the emotional harms (anxiety and depression symptomatology) experienced by sexual victimization victims when either the perpetrator or victim was drinking. Five-hundred-and-ten undergraduate drinkers (153 male; 357 female) participated. Models included two dichotomized predictors that occurred during participants’ first year of university (sexually victimized when the victim was drinking, sexually victimized by someone who was drinking), and two emotional outcomes (anxiety, depression). Age was controlled in all path analyses and sex was examined as a moderator. When predictors were examined in separate models, both predictors were associated with increased anxiety but not depression. These effects were significantly stronger among men. When both predictors were entered simultaneously, individuals who were victimized by someone drinking displayed increased anxiety, and this relationship was stronger among men than women victims. Being victimized when drinking was no longer associated with anxiety, consistent with prior findings that post-traumatic distress may be minimized when a trauma occurs while the victim is intoxicated. Results highlight the impact sexual victimization can have for both male and female victims, and point to the need for evidence-based policies to prevent emotional second-hand alcohol harms among male and female students alike.
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Berdahl, Jennifer L., Vicki J. Magley, and Craig R. Waldo. "The Sexual Harassment of Men?: Exploring the Concept with Theory and Data." Psychology of Women Quarterly 20, no. 4 (December 1996): 527–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00320.x.
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Recently the focus of sexual harassment research on the harassment of women by men has been challenged. Treatments of sexual harassment of men, however, have generally ignored power differentials between the genders. Our analysis predicts that behaviors identified as harassing by men stem from negotiations of gender in the workplace that challenge male dominance, whereas behaviors experienced by women as sexually harassing reinforce female subordinance. Consistent with our predictions, results indicated the following: men are considerably less threatened than women are by behaviors that women have found harassing; men find sexual coercion the most threatening form of harassment; men as well as women sexually harass men; and men identify behaviors as harassing that have not been identified for women. Results also showed signs of backlash among men against organizational measures that address sexual harassment and discrimination against women. Implications for psychological and legal definitions of sexual harassment of men are discussed.
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Turner, Charlotte, Peter Anderson, Ray Fitzpatrick, Godfrey Fowler, and Richard Mayon-White. "Sexual behaviour, contraceptive practice and knowledge of AIDS of Oxford University students." Journal of Biosocial Science 20, no. 4 (October 1988): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000017569.
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SummaryIn summer 1987, 584 students at Oxford University were sent a questionnaire enquiring about their sexual behaviour and contraceptive practice, and about the effect that AIDS has had on these. Of the 374 students who replied, 65% of the women and 62% of the men had experienced sexual intercourse. Twenty-seven per cent of female undergraduates did not use adequate contraception on the first occasion of intercourse. During the 4-week period preceding the questionnaire, 15% of sexually active female undergraduates did not use adequate contraception. The use of contraception has changed over the last 5 years, with fewer students using oral contraceptives as their most frequent means of contraception and more using barrier methods. In general, knowledge about AIDS was high. Most students did not consider that they were at risk of becoming infected by the AIDS virus and, by their reported sexual behaviour, very few students appeared to be at any risk. However, 35% of women and 44% of men who were sexually active said that because of risk of AIDS they had been more likely to use the sheath, and 49% of women and 30% of men said that they had, or would have, fewer partners. These findings suggest that attitudes, and possibly behaviour, are changing towards a reduction in risks of sexually transmitted infection.
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Wu, Linfeng, Karen B. Chen, and Edward P. Fitts. "Effect of body-gender transfer in virtual reality on the perception of sexual harassment." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 65, no. 1 (September 2021): 1089–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181321651094.
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While sexual harassments are inappropriate behaviors in the society, the interpretation of and sensitivity toward sexual harassment can vary by individual. Differences across individuals, such as gender, may influence whether one interprets an action to be sexually harassing or not. Virtual reality technology enables human behavior assessment without interfacing with physical danger. The present work examined whether gender and body-gender transfer in VR influenced the perception of sexually harassing behaviors, and explored the utility of emerging technology in increasing one’s awareness of behaviors that may be considered sexually harassing. Participants (n=12) embodied in virtual characters of different genders and experienced seven sexually harassing scenarios in an immersive virtual environment in random order. In general, participants provided higher rating to the sensitivity toward sexual harassment in the VR harassment scenarios than those scenarios described on paper. There was an increase in participants’ sensitivity toward sexual harassment after experiencing sexual harassment scenarios from the perspective of the victim in VR. Participants perceived higher level of sexual harassment when they embodied in female avatars, which suggested there was an effect of VR with body-gender transfer on perception of sexual harassment. There were gender differences in awareness of harassing behaviors in VR environment, and VR may be a training method to narrow gender gap and increase awareness toward sexual harassment.
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Vaglio, Stefano, Louise Ducroix, Maria Rodriguez Villanueva, Rosanna Consiglio, Ayong Julia Kim, Patrick Neilands, Kerstin Stucky, and Adriano R. Lameira. "Female copulation calls vary with male ejaculation in captive olive baboons." Behaviour 157, no. 8-9 (September 8, 2020): 807–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10024.
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Abstract Copulation calls are mating-associated vocalizations that are common in primates, with females vocalizing after copulation in several Old World monkeys and apes. Baboon females typically produce copulation calls that correlate with fertile phase. Calls are, thus, regarded as an upshot of cycle physiology and sexually selected calls. Here, we describe three captive troops of olive baboons wherein, against expectation, females suppressed vocalizing during copulations. Vaginal cytology, together with sexual swelling observations, confirmed that females experienced full receptive cycles. Ovulation did not affect vocal probability during sex, while copulation calls were predicted by male ejaculation just as in other Old World primate species. Results cast doubt on the existence of physiological triggers for baboon copulation calls. Social factors may instead play a larger role. Alterations in social structure (as typically observed in the wild) may be implemented strategically as captive enrichment in order to reveal how females in highly social primates change sexual strategies and, therefore, the use of their copulation calls.
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Kurt, Holly, and Natti Ronel. "Addicted to Pain: A Preliminary Model of Sexual Masochism as Addiction." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 61, no. 15 (February 4, 2016): 1760–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x15627804.
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An exploratory, qualitative, phenomenological study focused on the experience of pain while participating in sexual masochistic acts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine individuals (four female, five male) who regularly participate in sexually masochistic acts and point to pain as central to their experience. Qualitative analysis of the data revealed several key characteristics of the participant’s experience: the first time, intoxication, craving and withdrawal, tolerance, pain as control, and the pain inducing partner. The findings indicate that the way pain is experienced while mitigated through masochistic behavior creates an addictive process that coincides with a chronic behavioral spin contextualization. This article presents a preliminary model of addiction to physical pain in light of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) definition of substance-related and addictive disorders and the behavioral spin theory.
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Jean, Arnaud, Anne-Charlotte Trouillet, Njiva Andry Andrianarivelo, Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja, and Hélène Hardin-Pouzet. "Phospho-ERK and sex steroids in the mPOA: involvement in male mouse sexual behaviour." Journal of Endocrinology 233, no. 3 (June 2017): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-17-0025.
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This paper aimed to investigate the mechanisms triggering ERK phosphorylation and its functional role in male sexual behaviour. ERK1/2-phosphorylated form was detected in the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus (mPOA) during the sexual stimulation of naive and sexually experienced males who were killed 5 min after the first intromission. This mating-induced ERK phosphorylation was increased in sexually experienced males compared to that in naive mice. The functional role of the ERK1/2 pathway activation during sexual behaviour was explored with the administration of a MEK inhibitor, SL-327 (30 mg/kg, i.p.), 45 min before the contact with a receptive female. Inhibition of ERK phosphorylation was found to decrease sexual motivation in both naive and experienced males without altering their copulatory ability. The mechanisms potentially involved in this rapid ERK1/2 pathway activation were specified ex vivo on hypothalamic slices. A thirty-minute incubation with 100 nM of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or oestradiol (E2) led to ERK phosphorylation. No changes were observed after incubation with testosterone 3-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime-BSA (T-BSA), an impermeable to the plasma membrane form of testosterone. All these results indicate that ERK phosphorylation within the mPOA could be a key player in the motivational signalling pathway and considered as an index of sexual motivation. They also demonstrate the involvement of oestrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) transduction pathways in steroid-dependent ERK activation.
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Ohaeri, Jude U., and Ghenaim A. Al-Fayez. "Child sexual abuse data from an Arabian Gulf country revisited." International Psychiatry 10, no. 4 (November 2013): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s174936760000401x.
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We revisit our previous work on child abuse in Kuwait, with a focus on the sexual abuse data, and discuss the findings in the context of the local culture. In 2006, a nationwide sample of 4467 senior high-school students (mean age 16.9; 48.6% boys) at government secondary schools was studied. Over their lifetime, 8.6% had been sexually attacked, 5.9% had experienced someone threatening to have sex with them, 15.3% had experienced unwanted sexual exposure, and 17.4% had had someone touch their sexual parts (boys 21.1%, girls 14.0%; P < 0.001). Most perpetrators were members of the extended family. The way to assist ‘dysfunctional families’, where ‘family honour’ and the need for peaceful relations with neighbours have priority over the mental health of female victims, is to propagate the finding that child sexual abuse has a wide-ranging deleterious impact on psychosocial functioning.
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KARAMA, MOHAMED, TARO YAMAMOTO, MASAAKI SHIMADA, S. S. A. ORAGO, and KAZUHIKO MOJI. "KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE TOWARDS HIV/AIDS IN A RURAL KENYAN COMMUNITY." Journal of Biosocial Science 38, no. 4 (November 23, 2005): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932005001057.
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The aim of this research was to explore people’s knowledge, attitude, behaviour and practice towards HIV/AIDS and sexual activity in rural Kenya, where HIV is widespread. The study community was located in south-eastern Kenya, 50 km north of Mombassa, and had an estimated population of 1500. Subjects aged between 16 and 49 were recruited using a stratified cluster-sampling method and they completed self-administered questionnaires.Almost all respondents knew the word ‘HIV’. Around 50% knew of a person living with HIV. About 80% gave ‘death’ or ‘fear’ as words representing their image of AIDS. With regard to sexual activity, the distribution of answers to the question ‘how many partners have you ever had in your life’ was bimodal in males but had only one peak in females, indicating that some men have a large number of sexual partners in their lifetime. First sexual intercourse was at around 12–13 years for both sexes, but female teenagers were more sexually experienced than their male counterparts.
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Marshall, Grace E., Fay A. Guarraci, and Sarah H. Meerts. "II. Antidepressants and sexual behavior: Acute fluoxetine, but not ketamine, disrupts paced mating behavior in sexually experienced female rats." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 199 (December 2020): 173040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173040.
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Barros, Luciana de Amorim, Maria Cicera dos Santos de Albuquerque, Nadirlene Pereira Gomes, Jorge Luís de Souza Riscado, Bárbara Régia Oliveira de Araújo, and Júlia Renata Fernandes de Magalhães. "The (un)receptive experiences of female rape victims who seek healthcare services." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 49, no. 2 (April 2015): 0193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420150000200002.
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OBJECTIVE To know the structure and functioning of healthcare services from the perspective of women who have suffered rape. METHOD A qualitative study conducted with 11 women who experienced rape, monitored in a maternity in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Data were systematically based on content analysis. RESULTS It allowed for understanding the path taken by women in search of support from health services, as well as the limitations and capabilities of these services. CONCLUSION The assistance received in healthcare services leans towards a revictimization process of women who already carry trauma from the rape. It is necessary to reflect about care practices aimed at sexually victimized women.
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de Jager, Marinus L., and Allan G. Ellis. "Costs of deception and learned resistance in deceptive interactions." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1779 (March 22, 2014): 20132861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2861.
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The costs that species suffer when deceived are expected to drive learned resistance, although this relationship has seldom been studied experimentally. Flowers that elicit mating behaviour from male insects by mimicking conspecific females provide an ideal system for such investigation. Here, we explore interactions between a sexually deceptive daisy with multiple floral forms that vary in deceptiveness, and the male flies that pollinate it. We show that male pollinators are negatively impacted by the interaction, suffering potential mating costs in terms of their ability and time taken to locate genuine females within deceptive inflorescences. The severity of these costs is determined by the amount of mating behaviour elicited by deceptive inflorescences. However, inexperienced male flies exhibit the ability to learn to discriminate the most deceptive inflorescences as female mimics and subsequently reduce the amount of mating behaviour they exhibit on them with increased exposure. Experienced males, which interact with sexually deceptive forms naturally, exhibit similar patterns of reduced mating behaviour on deceptive inflorescences in multiple populations, indicating that pollinator learning is widespread. As sexually deceptive plants are typically dependent on the elicitation of mating behaviour from male pollinators for pollination, this may result in antagonistic coevolution within these systems.
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Dunne, M. P., M. Donald, J. Lucke, R. Nilsson, R. Ballard, and B. Raphael. "Age-Related Increase in Sexual Behaviours and Decrease in Regular Condom Use among Adolescents in Australia." International Journal of STD & AIDS 5, no. 1 (January 1994): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249400500110.
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The prevalence of sexual behaviours was estimated from a survey of 3854 Australian secondary school students. Self-reported prevalence of intercourse increased from 9.9% (age 13 years or less) to 23.9% (age 15) and 51.2% at age 17 and over. Among 932 sexually experienced youth in the final 3 years of secondary school, 26% of males and 18% of females reported having 3 or more partners in the previous year; 89.4% had used a condom at least once, with males (71.8%) reporting more last occasion condom use than females (53.4%). ‘Last occasion’ and ‘usual’, but not lifetime, condom use was significantly lower among older respondents. Although nearly 90% of females in each of 3 age groups reported lifetime condom use, just 27.6% of female students aged 17 or more reported that condoms were always used during intercourse. The decline with age, noted in research with adults and older adolescents, may begin in the middle teens.
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Pettigrew, Jill, and Joyce Burcham. "Characteristics of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Adult Psychopathology in Female Psychiatric Patients." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 2 (April 1997): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679709073821.
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Objective: The present study investigated the relationship of characteristics of childhood sexual abuse and subsequent psychopathology. Method: Referrals to a female psychiatrist in private practice in an urban working class area provided 73 adult female subjects who reported having been sexually abused in childhood. Data were collected on age at onset, duration, physical invasiveness of the abuse, violence, and the number and relationship of abusers. Results: Having had multiple abusers in childhood was significantly (p < 0.01) associated with every outcome measure of severe psychopathology: an initial Global Assessment Functioning score of 50 or below; both single and repeated incidents of deliberate self-harm; overdose; self-mutilation; and psychiatric hospital admission. Conclusions: Notably, having had multiple abusers was the only characteristic showing a reliable independent association with any of these measures. Subjects who had had multiple abusers were significantly more likely to have an earlier age of onset and longer duration of abuse, and to have experienced violent abuse.
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Moskalewicz, Alexandra, Amy Di Tomaso, Jacob J. Kachura, Samantha Scime, Rosane Nisenbaum, Ronita Lee, Rashida Haq, Christine Derzko, and Christine Brezden-Masley. "Gynecologic Symptoms among Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Patients on Oral Endocrine Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study." Current Oncology 29, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 1813–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29030149.
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Endocrine therapy (ET) for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer can contribute to gynecologic symptoms (GS) that impact vaginal health, sexual function, and quality of life (QoL). A cross-sectional study was conducted at St. Michael’s Hospital in Toronto, Canada between July 2017 and June 2018 to examine the occurrence and frequency of GS among HR+ breast cancer patients on ET, patient-provider communication, female sexual dysfunction (FSD), and QoL. A Treatment Experience questionnaire was developed for this study and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire (MENQOL) were also administered. Of 151 patients surveyed, 77 (51.0%) were on tamoxifen and 74 (49.0%) on an aromatase inhibitor. Most patients (84.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 77.3% to 89.5%) experienced at least one GS “all the time” or “often”, or one or more infections, in the past year. Only 44 (31.9%) patients reported that their oncologist had ever previously asked them about experiencing GS. The prevalence of FSD was 61.2% (95% CI 46.2% to 74.8%) among 49 sexually active patients that completed the FSFI. Symptoms captured in the MENQOL’s vasomotor domain were deemed most bothersome. Side effect management and patient-provider communication should be prioritized to optimize GS, vaginal health, and sexual function of ET users.
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Senn, Charlene Y., and Serge Desmarais. "Impact of Interaction With a Partner or Friend on the Exposure Effects of Pornography and Erotica." Violence and Victims 19, no. 6 (December 2004): 645–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.6.645.66347.
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Past studies on the effects of sexually explicit materials on women have tended to study them alone, in pairs, or in groups of strangers. By contrast, our study randomly assigned women to bring either a same-sex friend or a male partner to reflect more natural viewing conditions. Discussion between the participant and her companion followed exposure to the sexual images. Women who viewed pornography maintained their (quite high) level of negative mood, whereas women who viewed erotica experienced a substantial improvement in mood. The sex of the companion did not have a direct influence on participants’ mood, with discussion improving mood across the board. However, participants’ ratings of their satisfaction with the discussion were significantly influenced by the sex of their companion. We suggest that future research should focus more on the interpersonal aspects of male-female relationships when exploring the effects of sexually explicit materials on heterosexual women.
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Musayón, Yesenia, and Catherine Caufield. "Drug consumption and violence in female work Zapallal - Lima/Peru." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 13, spe2 (December 2005): 1185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692005000800013.
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The study design was descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional, and qualitative. The objective was to identify sociodemographic and labor risk factors for drug consumption and types of violence in the workplace related to drug consumption, as well as to understand the perception of female workers regarding the relationship between drug consumption and workplace violence. We surveyed 125 women workers of four slums in the area of Zapallal, Lima, Peru, interviewing 16 women who experienced workplace violence. Among the participants, 52.8% consumed alcohol and 6.4% illegal drugs. Catholic women were at risk for consuming alcohol, while participants under 20 years of age were at risk for consuming illicit drugs. In this group, 17.6% of the women experienced verbal violence, 9.6% physical violence and 1.6% were sexually harassed in the workplace. Women victims of verbal violence have a risk for consuming illicit drugs. These women perceived themselves as a vulnerable group for violence in the workplace and weak for defending themselves. They expressed fear or shame in reporting cases of violence.
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Okumura, Keiko, Hirokazu Takeda, and Toshikazu Otani. "Evaluation of temporal changes in the sexual function among Japanese women using the female sexual function index: An Internet survey." Women's Health 17 (January 2021): 174550652110091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17455065211009103.
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Objectives: Female sexual dysfunction is an underestimated problem that negatively affects women’s quality of life. Although the overall prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women is high, only a few studies have focused on this problem. In Japan, an index of female sexual function has not been clearly defined. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the sexual function of normal Japanese women and the temporal changes they experienced using the Female Sexual Function Index administered online in 2012 and 2019. Methods: The subjects were Japanese women aged 20–79 years registered in an Internet research company. We collected data of 1034 and 2031 women in 2012 and 2019, respectively, based on Japan’s population distribution according to age. Subsequently, we analyzed the collected data using a Japanese version of the Female Sexual Function Index. We investigated the temporal changes in the Female Sexual Function Index total score, the ratio of women who did not engage in sexual activities and women having “no sexual activity” with their partners, and the total Female Sexual Function Index scores according to age. Results: The average Female Sexual Function Index total score decreased from 14.6 in 2012 to 12.5 in 2019 ( p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the average Female Sexual Function Index score of the group with sexual activity between 2012 (22.2) and 2019 (22.4). The ratio of women not engaging in sexual activities increased from 42.2% in 2012 to 54.0% in 2019. The ratio of women having “no sexual activity” with their partners increased by 10%. Conclusion: Comparison of data between 2012 and 2019 indicated that Japanese women have become less sexually active. The average Female Sexual Function Index total score of 22 may be useful as a reference value for diagnosing female sexual dysfunction in Japan.
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Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Catherine Chojenta, and Deborah Loxton. "Gender-Based Violence Among Female Senior Secondary School Students in Eastern Ethiopia." Violence and Victims 36, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 509–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vv-d-19-00183.
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Gender-based violence (GBV) is a major global public health issue due to its short- and long-term adverse effects on women's health. Little is known about the factors associated with physical and emotional violence among female school students in Ethiopia. We determined the magnitude and risk factors of emotional violence, physical violence, sexual violence, and any form of GBV among 1,199 female school students in eastern Ethiopia using the facilitated self-administered questionnaires. The prevalence of any form of GBV in the past 12 months was 53.04% (95% CI: 50.22–55.87). Around 52% (95% CI: 47.61–55.54) of respondents indicated they had experienced all three forms of GBV. The prevalence of emotional violence in the past 12 months was 43.04% (95% CI: 40.22–45.84), physical violence was 43.79% (95% CI: 40.94–46.59), and sexual violence was 31.44% (95% CI: 28.81–34.07). Having a boyfriend, being married, not receiving enough pocket money from family, witnessing violence as a child, using alcohol, being sexually active, and discussing reproductive health with family increased the risk of any form of GBV in the past 12 months. This suggests that early intervention and support to mitigate the long-term adverse impacts of GBV are needed.
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Pan, Pradyumna. "Surgical and functional outcome of sigmoid colon-vaginoplasty in Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 10 (September 23, 2017): 4441. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20174421.
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Background: The objective of this study is to report our experience with sigmoid vaginoplasty in adolescent female patients of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome with emphasis on the effectiveness of surgery, complications, sexual and functional outcomes.Methods: A retrospective study of adolescent females with vaginal atresia and Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome. The sigmoid segment was used for vaginoplasty in all the case.Results: Eleven females were studied over a period of 15 years. Postoperative complications were perineal rash in 3, ileus in 3, and minor wound infection in 1 patient and urinary tract infection in one patient. Nine patients were on regular follow-up. All the neovaginas were patent and functional. The postoperative mean vaginal length was 12.1 cm (range 11 cm to 14 cm). One of the patients had mild vaginal stenosis which responded to vaginal dilation, one had mucosal prolapse of the neovagina, one had excessive mucus discharge, during follow-up visits. Out of the 11patients, 8 patients are sexually active and 7 reported that they were engaging in satisfactory sexual activity with mild or no pain, and with good mucosal sensitivity. Only one experienced dyspareunia and three patients had not participated in sexual activity.Conclusions: Sigmoid vaginoplasty is a safe and acceptable procedure for vaginal agenesis with good cosmetic results and acceptable complications rate. Sigmoid colon vaginoplasty is the treatment of choice because of its large lumen, thick walls resistant to trauma, adequate secretion allowing lubrication, not demanding prolonged dilatation and short recovery time.
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Blanes-García, Marta, Pablo García-Salinas, Marina Morini, Luz Pérez, Juan F. Asturiano, and Victor Gallego. "Using Osmotic Pumps to Induce the Production of Gametes in Male and Female European Eels." Animals 12, no. 3 (February 5, 2022): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12030387.
Full textAbstract:
The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a commercially valued species for aquaculture. Over the past decades, it has experienced a drastic reduction in its natural stocks. Thus, breeding in captivity is considered essential, nowadays, to guarantee the eel aquaculture and to reduce pressure on natural populations. Traditionally, the European eel has been sexually matured by means of weekly hormonal injections, which cause stress to the fish. The purpose of this research study was to assess the use of osmotic pumps as a new method to induce sexual maturation in male and female European eels, without the weekly injection. The control groups were treated with weekly hormone injections (recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin for males and carp pituitary extract for females), and the implanted groups were treated with osmotic pumps (ALZET® osmotic pumps) loaded with the respective hormones. Regarding male European eels, this study shows that the use of controlled release systems was able to induce the maturation and spermiation, but without the necessary capacity to produce enough gametes with acceptable quality parameters that could meet the needs of a commercial eel hatchery. Concerning female European eels, the study demonstrates that the use of osmotic pumps loaded with CPE became an effective method, generating early maturations (4 to 10 weeks) in 50% of the females, so this method could become a viable alternative for eel hatchery procedures.
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McLean, Callum J., Russell J. Garwood, and Charlotte A. Brassey. "Sexual dimorphism in the Arachnid orders." PeerJ 6 (November 6, 2018): e5751. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5751.
Full textAbstract:
Sexual differences in size and shape are common across the animal kingdom. The study of sexual dimorphism (SD) can provide insight into the sexual- and natural-selection pressures experienced by males and females in different species. Arachnids are diverse, comprising over 100,000 species, and exhibit some of the more extreme forms of SD in the animal kingdom, with the males and females of some species differing dramatically in body shape and/or size. Despite this, research on arachnid SD has primarily focused on specific clades as opposed to observing traits across arachnid orders, the smallest of which have received comparatively little attention. This review provides an overview of the research to date on the trends and potential evolutionary drivers for SD and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in individual arachnid orders, and across arachnids as a whole. The most common trends across Arachnida are female-biased SSD in total body size, male-biased SSD in relative leg length and SD in pedipalp length and shape. However, the evolution of sexually dimorphic traits within the group is difficult to elucidate due to uncertainty in arachnid phylogenetic relationships. Based on the dataset we have gathered here, we highlight gaps in our current understanding and suggest areas for future research.
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Rasberry, Catherine N., Nicole Liddon, Susan Hocevar Adkins, Catherine A. Lesesne, Andrew Hebert, Elizabeth Kroupa, India D. Rose, and Elana Morris. "The Importance of School Staff Referrals and Follow-Up in Connecting High School Students to HIV and STD Testing." Journal of School Nursing 33, no. 2 (July 18, 2016): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059840516658695.
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This study examined predictors of having received HIV and sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing and having been referred by school staff for HIV/STD testing. In 2014, students in seven high schools completed paper-and-pencil questionnaires assessing demographic characteristics, sexual behavior, referrals for HIV/STD testing, and HIV/STD testing. The analytic sample ( n = 11,303) was 50.7% female, 40.7% Hispanic/Latino, 34.7% Black/African American (non-Hispanic), and mean age was 15.86 ( SD = 1.22). After controlling for demographic characteristics, significant predictors of reporting having been tested for HIV or STDs were reporting having received a referral for HIV/STD testing (odds ratio [ OR] = 3.18; 95% CI = [2.14, 4.70]) and reporting staff following-up on the referral ( OR = 3.29; 95% CI = [1.31, 8.23]). Students reporting referrals had significantly higher odds of being male ( OR = 2.49; 95% CI = [1.70, 3.65]), “other” or multiracial (non-Hispanic; compared to White, non-Hispanic; OR = 2.72; 95% CI = [1.35, 5.46]), sexual minority ( OR = 3.80; 95% CI = [2.57, 5.62]), and sexually experienced ( OR = 2.58; 95% CI = [1.76, 3.795]). School staff referrals with follow-up may increase HIV/STD testing among students.
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Cantón-Cortés, David, María Rosario Cortés, and José Cantón. "Child Sexual Abuse and Suicidal Ideation: The Differential Role of Attachment and Emotional Security in the Family System." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (May 2, 2020): 3163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093163.
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The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of attachment style and emotional security in the family system on suicidal ideation in a sample of young adult female victims of child sexual abuse (CSA). The possible effects of CSA characteristics and other types of child abuse on suicidal ideation were controlled for. The sample consisted of 188 female college students who had been victims of sexual abuse before the age of 18, as well as 188 randomly selected participants who had not experienced CSA. The results showed that both attachment and emotional security were associated with suicidal ideation, even when controlling for both the characteristics of abuse and the existence of other abuses. The strong relationships of emotional security and attachment style with suicidal ideation suggest the importance of early intervention with children who have been sexually abused and their families, in an effort to optimize their attachment style, as well as to decrease emotional insecurity to prevent the onset of symptomatology related to suicidal ideation.
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Romans, Sarah E., Judy L. Martin, Jessie C. Anderson, Martine L. O'shea, and Paul E. Mullen. "The ‘Anatomy’ of Female Child Sexual Abuse: Who does what to Young Girls?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, no. 3 (June 1996): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609064993.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: This paper aims to describe the characteristics of sexually abusive acts experienced by female children in order to identify those perpetrators who inflict intrusive and repeated child sexual abuse (CSA). Method: Data were collected from a random New Zealand sample of women aged 18 to 65 years who reported CSA, and a similar number of non-abused comparison women. Information on the perpetrator, the type of CSA, and perpetrator strategies were cross-tabulated. Results: The perpetrators were usually young men, well known to the victim or her family. Greater CSA intrusiveness was statistically associated with greater CSA frequency. Father/stepfather abusers were most likely to perpetrate intrusive and frequent CSA. However, family associates and non-paternal relatives were numerically more often reported as perpetrators than fathers/stepfathers. Stranger-perpetrators featured infrequently. Conclusion: We conclude that the most frequent and invasive CSA comes from someone well known to the child, particularly a family member or trusted friend. A focus by the courts or health professionals on either incest only (i.e. CSA between biological relatives) or ‘stranger danger’ will overlook the large categories of CSA perpetrated by secondary relative and family friend abusers.