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1
Ussher, Gregory Ronald. "The 'medical gaze' and the 'watchful eye' the treatment, prevention and epidemiology of venereal diseases in New South Wales c.1901-1925 /." Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3565.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2007.<br>Title from title screen (viewed October 9, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 2007; theses submitted 2006. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
2
Leenaars, Petronella Engelina Maria. "Prevention and early detection of sexually transmitted diseases." Amsterdam : Maastricht : Thesis Publishers ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1994. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6593.
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James, Nicola Jayne. "A randomised controlled trial of HIV prevention in a clinic setting." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339550.
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Nuwaha, Fred Ntoni. "Sexually transmitted infections in Uganda : implications for control /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4409-1/.
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Proude, Elizabeth Marjorie. "HIV/STD Prevention in General Practice." University of Sydney. Public Health, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/838.
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This thesis examines aspects of the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the Australian community, with a particular emphasis on HIV/AIDS in the context of general practice (or primary care settings). The work has four broad aims: i) To describe the primary prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, following from the arrival of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Australia ii) To describe HIV/STD risk behaviour iii) To summarise previously known evidence of interventions to reduce risk and to raise awareness of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases iv) To contribute new evidence addressing the potential of the general practitioners' role in HIV/STD prevention The first chapter gives a brief review of the history of HIV/AIDS from its discovery in the United States of America to its appearance in Australia and New Zealand, and discusses the Australian response strategies, both initial and continuing, to confine the epidemic. Specifically, the arrival of HIV/AIDS gave rise to increasing awareness of sexually transmitted diseases, which hitherto, although sometimes chronic, were rarely fatal. The public health risk of HIV necessitated swift government action and led to wider acceptance of publicity about sexual behaviour. Although the thesis does not concentrate solely on HIV, this is still an emphasis. This chapter provides useful background to ensuing chapters. Chapter Two provides an overview of behavioural risk in sexually transmitted diseases. It gives a review of risk factor prevalence studies, and introduces risk behaviour and cognitive models of behaviour change, as applied to STD risk. Sexual behaviour is a complex social interaction, usually involving more than one person, and relying on the personality and behaviour patterns intrinsic to the individuals taking part. It is therefore perhaps more challenging to alter than behaviour which is undertaken alone, being dependent on the behaviour and intentions of both parties. Moreover, comprehensive assessment of sexual risk behaviour requires very detailed information about each incident. Its private nature makes accurate data difficult to obtain, and sexual risk behaviour is, correspondingly, difficult to measure. Chapter Three reviews the effectiveness of interventions tested in primary health care settings to reduce sexual risk behaviour. The candidate uses a replicable method to retrieve and critique studies, comparable with standards now required by the Cochrane Collaboration. From 22 studies discussed, nine health interventions were short, 'one-shot', efforts owing to limited time, resources and other practical constraints. This review demonstrates the scarcity of interventions with people who may be perceived as 'low-risk'. Only four interventions were carried out in community health centres and two in university health clinics. One of the university interventions showed no change in sexual behaviour in any of three arms of the intervention (Wenger, Greenberg et al 1992) while the other showed an increase in condom use in both groups, although the intervention group's self-efficacy and assertiveness also improved (Sikkema, Winett & Lombard 1995). The rationale for the intervention, where given, is described. Chapter Four analyses the content, format and quality of sexual health information brochures available in New South Wales at the time of the candidate's own planning for an interventional study. One of the most effective ways to disseminate information widely is by the use of educational literature, especially when the subject material is potentially sensitive or embarrassing to discuss in person. In this chapter, the candidate reviews the literature available at the time of designing the intervention used in Chapter Five. Readability, attractiveness, clarity and the accurate presentation of facts about sexually transmitted disease risk are examined for each pamphlet. Forty-seven pamphlets were scored according to the Flesch formula, and twenty-four of these scored in the 'fairly' to 'very difficult' range. There was, therefore, a paucity of easy-to-read material on these subjects. Chapter Five evaluates a general practitioner-based counselling intervention to raise awareness of sexually transmitted diseases and to modify HIV/STD risk behaviour. While adults aged 18-25 are less likely than older cohorts to have a regular general practitioner or to visit often, most people visit a general practitioner at least once a year. This could provide an opportunity for the general practitioner to raise preventive health issues, especially with infrequent attendees. As the effectiveness of an opportunistic intervention about sexual risk behaviour was yet to be tested, the candidate designed an innovative randomised controlled trial to raise awareness of risk and increase preventive behaviour. The participation rate was 90% and 76% consented to followup; however the attrition rate meant that overall only 52% of the original participants completed the follow-up questionnaire. The intervention proved easy and acceptable both to GPs and to patients, and risk perception had increased at three months' follow-up; however this occurred in both the control (odds ratio 2.6) and the intervention group, whose risk perception at baseline was higher (odds ratio 1.3). In order to establish some markers of risk in the general population, Chapter Six analyses data resulting from questions on sexual behaviour asked in the Central Sydney section of the NSW Health Survey. The candidate advocated for inclusion of relevant questions to determine some benchmarks of sexual risk behaviour and to provide an indication of condom use among heterosexuals. Although limited in scope as a result of competing priorities for questions in the survey, results demonstrate that, while a small percentage of people were at risk, those with higher levels of partner change or of alcohol use were the most likely to always use condoms. Specifically, 100% of those with more than four new partners in the last 12 months had used condoms with every new partner. In addition, 'heavy' alcohol users were more likely to report condom use every time with new partners (odds ratio 0.34). To furnish data to inform future planning of educational activities for general practitioners, Chapter Seven presents the results of a survey of Central Sydney general practitioners' opinions and current practices in HIV risk reduction with in the broader context of sexually transmitted disease prevention. The general practitioner is in an ideal position to provide information and advice, especially if future research affirms the impact of such advice on STD risk behaviour. General practitioners in this study said they would be slightly more likely to discuss sexual health matters with young patients than with older ones (p=0.091), but this was not significant. The most cited barrier to discussing sexual health was inadequate remuneration for taking time to do so (over 50% gave this reason). The next most cited obstacle was difficulty in raising the subject of STDs or HIV in routine consultations, but this reason was given by less than half the sample. Forty-six percent had participated in continuing medical education programs in STDs, HIV/AIDS, or hepatitis diagnosis or management; 32% of GPs had patients with HIV, and 55% of all GPs indicated they would like more training in management and continuity of care of HIV patients. Approximately half (51%) wanted more training in sexuality issues, including sexual dysfunction. Chapter Eight reviews the whole thesis and discusses future directions for the research agenda.
6
Pinsky, Paul Fredric. "A deterministic model for the spread of resistant and non-resistant gonorrheal infection." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/27889.
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7
林路洋 and Luyang Lin. "The transmission and control of syphilis in Guangzhou." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41711191.
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Smith, Teresa E. (Teresa Elizabeth). "Training Condom Use Skills for Sexually Active College Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279011/.
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Eighty-nine single, sexually active, heterosexual college students (ages 17-24) participated in one of two intervention conditions. Experimental groups were taught
skills specific to condom use and sexual communication via a multimedia presentation. Control groups viewed a video on an unrelated topic. Individuals in the experimental conditions were expected to show higher levels of self-efficacy, greater knowledge concerning diseases, and improved attitudes about condoms immediately following the
intervention. They were also expected to report safer sexual practices at the one month follow-up. Findings reveal that improved attitude and knowledge scores did not
translate into behavioral changes.
9
Sikkema, Kathleen Jane. "Skills training with heterosexual females for the prevention of HIV infection, other sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual assault /." This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-134414/.
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Sikkema, Kathleen J. "Skills training with heterosexual females for the prevention of HIV infection, other sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual assault." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38871.
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Guo, Jie. "Determinants of condom use for disease prevention among heterosexual men in the United States : the health belief model (HBM) and beyond /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8918.
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Ntayiya, Witness Sakumzi. "Evaluating the quality of care for sexually transmitted infections (STI) in 14 primary health care (PHC) facilities in Umjindi local municipality, Mpumalanga Province." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The overall aim of this study was to evaluate quality of STI services in Umjindi local municipality. A concrete objective was to investigate the health system issues that may have a negative impact in the provision of quality STI service in the local municipality. These include accessibility of the STI services to the community, training of health workers in syndromic management, availability of necessary equipment and supplies for STI management, turn-around time for blood results and infrastructure of the facilities.
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Daniels, Brendon Mara Laurence. "Views of HIV and AIDS amongst rural secondary school youth: an exploratory study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11460.
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The HIV and AIDS epidemic continues to affect communities worldwide particularly so in South Africa. Youth, also the so-called Coloured youth, continue to remain at risk of infection, in spite of having been exposed to information about HIV and AIDS. This study explores the views of Coloured secondary school youth in a rural town in the Eastern Cape, on HIV and AIDS. Fifteen secondary school learners, both boys and girls, from Grades 10 to 12 were purposively selected. This qualitative study, framed within an interpretivist paradigm, draws on a phenomenological methodology. The data was generated from using drawing and focus group interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. The research adhered to ethical principles and trustworthiness was ensured. Constructivism and Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological systems theory were used to frame the study and to make meaning of the findings. In response to the primary research question, What views do Coloured youth attending a secondary school in a rural town have of HIV and AIDS?, five themes emerged, namely: individuals spread HIV, impoverished family life increases youth vulnerability to HIV, youth under pressure from peers knowingly engage in risky behaviour, misconceptions fuel the epidemic, and HIV and AIDS “captures the community in its net”. Drawing on the findings and in response to the secondary research question, What guidelines can be developed to assist educators to facilitate learners taking action against the spread of HIV and AIDS?, several guidelines were developed. They suggest that teachers should use participatory pedagogies to engage secondary school learners when teaching HIV and AIDS, build self-esteem in their learners, assist learners in dealing with peer pressure, engage learners in erasing misconceptions, and enable learners to break free from being “caught in the net” of HIV and AIDS. Collectively these guidelines could enable learners to take action in protecting themselves and their community against the spread of the HI virus. The study concludes that the views that Coloured secondary school learners from a rural town have about HIV and AIDS show their awareness of the realities of the epidemic affecting the individual, the family, the school and their community. They have constructed their views of HIV and AIDS in a way which shows their understanding of the complexities of the epidemic.
14
Novak, Daniel. "Improving the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) : a study using Chlamydia trachomatis as a model infection." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Public Health and Clinical Medicine, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-692.
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Zenebe, Mulumebet. "Negotiating gender and sexuality in the HIV/AIDS discourse in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia : contradictions and paradoxes /." Tromsø \031C: : Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology, University of Tromsø\031C, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10037/356.
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Valentine, Jo A. "Health care seeking behavior in African American men: implications for social work practice in the prevention and control of sexually transmitted diseases." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1995. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1487.
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The purpose of this study was to conduct community-based formative research to explore the health care seeking behaviors of low income African American men. Systems Theory, with an ecological perspective, combined with the Health Belief Model was the framework used to guide the assessment to identify opportunities for social work practice in public health, that can contribute to the prevention and control of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. Sixty-seven African American men in Atlanta, Georgia, Chicago, Illinois, Dallas, Texas, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania were interviewed during street-based encounters. The researcher found that a majority of the African American men valued their health, were concerned about their health status, and practiced health care seeking behaviors. Economic issues proved to be the primary barriers to health care seeking behaviors. Findings suggest that Systems Theory, with an ecological perspective, combined with the Health Belief Model is a useful framework for understanding and assessing the health care seeking behavior of African American men. The practice implications for social work in public health that emerged in the study are in the areas of clinical practice, community practice, and policy practice.
17
Cook, Scott C. "Human immunodeficiency virus : determining predictors of unsafe sexual behavior /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9962514.
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Ward, Kim Lana. "Expanding presumptive male partner management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to Western Cape, South African community retail pharmacies." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2411_1257329598.
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<p>The effect of industrialisation has thrust the pharmaceutical profession into a clinical paradigm where the approcah to pharmaceutical decisions is more disease and patient orientated. Consequently, South African community pharmacies are inundated with requests from the public for advice and treatment on a wide range of medical conditions, including sexually transmitted infections (STI's). Although community pharmacies are often the first port of call for undiagnosed STI, limited diagnostic skills and legally-imposed prescribing restrictions preclude pharmacists from providing the necessary clinical management. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to present objective arguments and evidences (new and existing) around an expanded role for pharmacists in STI partner management.</p>
19
Matengu, Barbara. "The importance of STI treatment in HIV prevention: knowledge and behaviours of secondary school students in Tsumeb, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8923_1182746437.
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<p>Curricula should be strengthened by teaching the curability of STIs and the importance of STI treatment to prevent HIV transmission. This study focused on the control of sexually transmitted infections as a key HIV prevention strategy. Sexually transmitted infections act as a strong cofactor in the sexual transmission of HIV. Effective STI management can limit the spread of HIV.</p>
20
Wang, Ying, and 王穎. "The effectiveness of school-based peer education on the risk of HIV/STD : a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206926.
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Background
HIV/AIDS has always been a concern since it first came up in 1981 in the field of medicine and public health. The trend of overall HIV epidemic has slow down through over 30 years fighting against the disease. Yet, being the largest population nowadays, young people still face high risk of HIV/AID. Sexual transmitted diseases, similar with HIV infection, are also a serious concern in young people. Peer education is widely used in the sexual education in young people. No review focused on the school-based peer education while most young people received their sexual education in schools. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of school-based peer education on HIV/STD prevention and evaluate the factors that are likely to influence the effect of school-based peer education.
Method
Searching through PubMed and Cochrane Library, a literature review was carried out on the relevant articles about the evaluation of school-based peer education in developing and developed countries around the world from 2000-01-01 to 2014-05-31.
Findings
10 experimental studies were chosen in this review, including 3 randomized controlled trials.
Among 10 studies, 8 found significant improved about the general knowledge of HIV/STD and all studies showed positive change in attitude and risk perception in the peer-led education. However, no studies found significant effect of peer education on the behavioral change regarding condom use, postponing sexual intercourses and the reduction of sexual partners, etc. The interaction of peer education and the quality of peer-educators plus other demographical factors such as socioeconomic status and religions may influence the effect of school-based peer-led education.
Conclusion
School-based peer education was demonstrated to be effective on the prevention of HIV/STD in knowledge and attitude improvement, similar with other kinds of peer education. Peer educators and interactions between educators and educatees play important roles in the peer education. Yet, the effect of school-based education still requires long-term assessment.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Public Health<br>Master<br>Master of Public Health
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Agocha, V. Bede. "Safer-sex decision making : a motivated cognition explanation of its underlying mechanisms /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3036803.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001.<br>Library wanting Figure 11 which is missing from manuscript. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-120). Also available on the Internet.
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Kaboru, Berthollet Bwira. "The interface between biomedical and traditional health practitioners in STI and HIV/ADIS care : a study on intersectoral collaboration in Zambia /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-229-3/.
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Camargo, Caio Cavassan de. "Prevalência e fatores associados á verrugas anogenitais em homens portadores de HIV/AIDS atendidos em serviço especializado /." Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86486.
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Orientador: Lenice do Rosário de Souza<br>Coorientador: Hélio Amante Miot<br>Banca: Marli Terezinha Cassamassimo Duarte<br>Banca: Walter Belda Junior<br>Resumo: A infecção pelo HPV é a DST mais comum no mundo. Dos 630 milhões de casos novos anuais, trinta milhões são relacionados a verrugas anogenitais. Embora a forma subclínica seja mais comum, o aparecimento de condilomas também está associado à diminuição da imunidade causada pelo HIV. Tendo em vista as altas taxas de prevalência da coinfecção HPV/HIV, principalmente entre homens que fazem sexo com homens, os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar a prevalência de verrugas anogenitais em homens portadores de HIV/aids e identificar fatores associados. Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico com 159 homens atendidos em serviço de referência de Botucatu (SP). Dados sociodemográficos, comportamentais e clínicos foram relacionados ou não à presença de verrugas anogenitais. Após análise hierárquica dos dados, as variáveis com valor de p menor do que 0,2 foram incluídas no modelo logístico multivariado não condicional. Foram diagnosticados 49 (31,0%) pacientes HIV+ com verrugas anogenitais, cuja média de idade foi de 44,6 ± 9,6 anos. Os principais fatores associados às verrugas foram: escolaridade menor que ou igual a oito anos; maior tempo de diagnóstico do HIV; tratamento antirretroviral irregular; baixas contagens de linfócitos T CD4+. Verrugas anogenitais são prevalentes e relacionadas à imunossupressão da infecção pelo HIV. Ações como o cuidado integral do paciente e educação e prevenção em saúde colaboram para diagnóstico precoce e diminuição da vulnerabilidade a DSTs<br>Abstract: HPV infection is the most usual STD in the world responsible for 630 million new cases annually, of which 30 million are related with anogenital warts. Although subclinical form is the most common, warts are also associated with reduction of HV-related immunity. There are high rates involving prevalence of the association HIV/HPV around the world. Following this point of view the aim of this study was analyze the prevalence of wart in HIV-infected men and describe the associated factors. cared by a reference service in the Botucatu city - São Paulo/Brazil. Sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical data were collected by an individual interview and medical records. There were 49 (31,0%) HIV-infected men with anogenital warts with mean age of 44,6 ± 9,6 years. The main associated factors were: have up to 8 years of study; longer duration of HIV-infection; irregular treatment to HIV-infection; lower counts of lymphocytes T CD4+. Genital warts are prevalent and are associated with HIV- infection magnitude. Actions such as the complete care over the patients, increasing the education and prevention in health system could help to do a previously, diagnosis and decreasing the vulnerability to STD<br>Mestre
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Lekonyana, Montseng Priscilla. "The assessment of the involvement of parents in imparting HIV/AIDS related information to their adolescents." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3225.
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Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is rapidly spreading in the whole world and many adolescents start relationships at a younger age without knowing the danger of the sexually transmitted diseases. Parents should involve themselves in imparting knowledge about HIV/AIDS related information. It is imperative that parents and adolescents should have that relationship of discussing about the dangers of HIV/ AIDS. Adolescents should be taught about the importance of relationships and how to protect themselves against the dreaded disease. The research took the form of a qualitative interpretive case study focusing on a study sample of twenty parents and twelve members of a focus group. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, document analysis and observations. The study examined the hidden issues or underlying the involvement of parents in imparting HIV/AIDS related information to their adolescents. The study revealed that many parents are aware of the pandemic and they felt it is imperative to discuss with their adolescents. Family life education is very much important even if their adolescents are taught about the HIV/AIDS related information at schools. Government is also involved in ensuring that there are preventative measures against the killer disease. This should be a collective effort by both the parents and teachers. The study further recommends the establishment of a library in order to enhance the literacy levels of parents and educators. It will be very much significant to educate or train the trainers in order to educate even our future generation. HIV/AIDS is incurable, therefore, it is imperative for the Department of education to ensure the literacy levels so that even the department of Health contributes its information to inform everybody about the danger of incurable diseases more specifically HIV/AIDS.
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Di, Sessa Anna Maria. "Implementing a sex education, STDs and HIVAIDS prevention program in a child welfare setting : implications for service delivery." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31037.
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Child welfare agencies are currently being challenged to develop and implement educational and prevention programs that address sex education, STDs and HIV/AIDS. Based on two staff interviews, six adolescent and seven staff focus group discussions at Batshaw Youth and Family Centres, three main themes are addressed: first, that along with Batshaw Youth and Family Centres' mandate and initiatives, additional measures must be taken to translate policy into social work practice. Initiatives to educate staff and youth about sexuality, STDs and HIV/AIDS lacked consistency and continuity consequently, staffs and youth's experience and attitudes toward sex education, STDs and HIV/AIDS are affected. Implications for social work are also discussed.
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Musabaeka, True Shame. "Gender perceptual differences and their effects on the implementation of policy in the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Makoni District, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/308.
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This study sought to establish gender perceptual differences and their effects on the implementation of Policy in the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Makoni District, Zimbabwe. The role of women as caregivers to HIV/AIDS sufferers is also highlighted and how this has deprived them towards social, political and economic development. The source of the data used was the World Health Organisation (WHO) project on Family Planning and AIDS. The sample of the study comprised of 100 men and women from Makoni District, Zimbabwe. In addition to the survey question, focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. The FGD data complimented the survey results with qualitative information. The objectives of the study looked at people’s attitudes, cultural practices and sexual practices. These were analysed to determine how the gender issues within them affected the HIV/AIDS prevention strategies. The five major prevention strategies focused on in this study are: · promotion of condom use; · reduction of the number of sexual partners; · sticking to one sexual partner; · control and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); and · Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) for HIV to prevent vertical transmission of the disease. Although, the majority of the women indicated that it was acceptable for a married woman to ask her husband to use condoms, this was disputed by the findings from the FGDs. Issues of trust and fidelity were raised,but many men and women reported that they were not prepared to confront one another. The FGD results revealed that the men assert that it is normal for every man to have extra marital relationships, therefore they do not see anything wrong with it. It also came out that there are women who both have no income or partner to support them financially and are living in absolute poverty. These women, if anything, are more likely to increase the number of their sexual partners than reduce them so that they increase their economic base inorder to support their families. It has been established that for effective treatment and control of STDs, there is need for both partners to cooperate and seek treatment at the same time. However, the findings from this study revealed that lack of communication between sexual partners hampered the treatment of these diseases. On the other hand, the men indicated that talking to their wives about STDs would compel them to say where they got it. On the other hand the women reported that their men would accuse them of infidelity if they told them of an STD. FGD results however revealed that men and women were prepared to have HIV testing so that they would know of their status before planning a family. The gender perceptual differences on HIV/AIDS prevention have been identified as follows: · the need for male compliance to use condoms effectively; · the fear of losing trust by suggesting condom use; and · acceptance of male promiscuity by society that perpetuates that risky behaviour and exposure to HIV/AIDS infection and lack of communication between sexual partners, are a hindrance for effective control and treatment of STDs.
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Mulaudzi, Makondelele Sarah. "The perceptions of teachers regarding HIV/AIDS in the Thoyoyandou area." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01272006-161731.
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Asia, Ida. "The adolescent and sexual health." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16251.
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Thesis (MCur)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Research and in certain instances the lack of research as well
as extensive experience of the researcher in this field of study
convinced the researcher that a scientific study / exploration is
critical on the different aspects of adolescent sexual health. A
study, based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative
methods (triangulation), was conducted to identify and describe
the factors playing a role in adolescents’ experiencing problems
in maintaining their sexual health.
Adolescents are at risk of contracting Sexually Transmitted
Diseases including HIV/AIDS because of their sexual behaviour.
Initiation of early sexual relations contributing to possible
multiple sexual partners and failure to consistently use condoms
contribute to this risk. Failure to continuously use a reliable
contraceptive method also enhances the risk of unintended
pregnancies and consequent exposure to the risks involved in
termination of pregnancy or the psychological effects of giving
the baby up for adoption, the hardship of raising the baby as a
single parent or being forced to marry at a young age. Thus the
physical-, emotional-, and social well being of the adolescent is
at risk when they are not equipped to maintain their sexual
health.The study concludes that adolescents that are sexually active
and have multiple sexual partners have a higher probability of
not maintaining their sexual health.
Based on the outcome of this study the researcher feels strongly
that the following needs to be addressed in order to promote the
maintenance of adolescent sexual health:
• Professional nurses need to be trained and sensitized to
guide and manage adolescents seeking sexual or
reproductive advice;
• Sexuality programmes need to be integrated into school
curricula;
• Positive use of the mass media to promote healthy
lifestyles; and
• Training programmes for parents and adolescents.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Navorsing en in sekere gevalle die gebrek daaraan sowel as
ekstensiewe ondervinding van die navorser in die studieveld, het
die navorser oortuig dat ‘n wetenskaplike studie / eksplorasie
oor die veskillende aspekte van adolessente seksuele
gesondheid krities was. ‘n Studie, gebaseer op ‘n kombinasie
van kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe metodes (triangulasie), was
uitgevoer om die faktore wat ‘n rol speel in adolessente se
vermoëns om hul seksuele gesondheid te handhaaf, te
identifiseer en te bepreek.
Adolessente se risiko is hoog om Seksueel Oordraagbare
siektes, insluitend MIV/VIGS, op te doen weens hul seksuele
gedrag. Die aanvang van vroeë seksuele verhoudings dra by
tot moontlike meervoudige seksmaats en die gebrek aan
konsekwente gebruik van kondome verhoog die risiko. Gebrek
aan die aaneenlopende gebruik van ‘n betroubare
kontraseptiewe metode verhoog ook die risiko van ‘n
ongewensde swangerskap en gevolglike blootstelling aan die
risiko’s verbonde aan terminasie van swangerskap of die
psigologiese effekte wat gepaard gaan met aanneming, enkel
ouerskap en geforseerde trou op ‘n vroeë ouderdom. Derhalwe
word die fisiese-, emosionele- en sosiale welsyn van die
adolessent bedreig as hulle nie toegerus is om hul seksuele
gesondheid te handhaaf nie.Die gevolgtrekking van die studie is dat adolessente wat
seksueel aktief is en meervoudige seksmaats het, ‘n hoër
waarskynlikheid het om nie hul seksuele gesondheid te
handhaaf nie.
Gebaseer op die uitkoms van die studie is die navorser van
mening dat die volgende aangespreek moet word ten einde die
handhawing van adolessente seksuele gesondheid te bevorder:
• Geregistreerde vepleegkundiges moet opgelei en
gesensitiseer word om adolessente te hanteer en
van leiding te voorsien;
• Seksualitiet programme moet in die skool kurrikulum
integreer word;
• Positiewe gebruik van die massa media om gesonde
lewenstyle te bevorder; en
• Opleidingsprogramme vir ouers en adolessente.
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Camargo, Caio Cavassan de [UNESP]. "Prevalência e fatores associados á verrugas anogenitais em homens portadores de HIV/AIDS atendidos em serviço especializado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86486.
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000736208.pdf: 2053203 bytes, checksum: c82376b5cb193316a011e2008b18d737 (MD5)<br>A infecção pelo HPV é a DST mais comum no mundo. Dos 630 milhões de casos novos anuais, trinta milhões são relacionados a verrugas anogenitais. Embora a forma subclínica seja mais comum, o aparecimento de condilomas também está associado à diminuição da imunidade causada pelo HIV. Tendo em vista as altas taxas de prevalência da coinfecção HPV/HIV, principalmente entre homens que fazem sexo com homens, os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar a prevalência de verrugas anogenitais em homens portadores de HIV/aids e identificar fatores associados. Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico com 159 homens atendidos em serviço de referência de Botucatu (SP). Dados sociodemográficos, comportamentais e clínicos foram relacionados ou não à presença de verrugas anogenitais. Após análise hierárquica dos dados, as variáveis com valor de p menor do que 0,2 foram incluídas no modelo logístico multivariado não condicional. Foram diagnosticados 49 (31,0%) pacientes HIV+ com verrugas anogenitais, cuja média de idade foi de 44,6 ± 9,6 anos. Os principais fatores associados às verrugas foram: escolaridade menor que ou igual a oito anos; maior tempo de diagnóstico do HIV; tratamento antirretroviral irregular; baixas contagens de linfócitos T CD4+. Verrugas anogenitais são prevalentes e relacionadas à imunossupressão da infecção pelo HIV. Ações como o cuidado integral do paciente e educação e prevenção em saúde colaboram para diagnóstico precoce e diminuição da vulnerabilidade a DSTs<br>HPV infection is the most usual STD in the world responsible for 630 million new cases annually, of which 30 million are related with anogenital warts. Although subclinical form is the most common, warts are also associated with reduction of HV-related immunity. There are high rates involving prevalence of the association HIV/HPV around the world. Following this point of view the aim of this study was analyze the prevalence of wart in HIV-infected men and describe the associated factors. cared by a reference service in the Botucatu city – São Paulo/Brazil. Sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical data were collected by an individual interview and medical records. There were 49 (31,0%) HIV-infected men with anogenital warts with mean age of 44,6 ± 9,6 years. The main associated factors were: have up to 8 years of study; longer duration of HIV-infection; irregular treatment to HIV-infection; lower counts of lymphocytes T CD4+. Genital warts are prevalent and are associated with HIV- infection magnitude. Actions such as the complete care over the patients, increasing the education and prevention in health system could help to do a previously, diagnosis and decreasing the vulnerability to STD
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Singh, Rajeshree. "Criminal liability for wilful HIV/AIDS infection: a comparative study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012686.
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South Africa‘s high prevalence of HIV/AIDS coupled with a high crime rate and incidence of sexual violence necessitated the enquiry and study into the role of criminal law to address the wilful transmission of HIV.1 This study shows that criminal law can be used to punish offenders for wrongdoing and therefore finds application in the wilful transmission of HIV.2 The study distinguishes the dividing line between the justifiable use of criminal law and where use of the criminal law becomes discriminatory in nature and counterproductive to public health measures. The United Nations (hereinafter referred to as the UN) laid down guiding principles for countries to adopt when using the criminal law and stated that countries should use existing criminal law offences to prosecute intentional HIV infections.3 The South African Law Commission (hereinafter referred to as the SALC) endorses this approach. South Africa‘s use of the criminal law, in response to harmful HIV behaviour is in line with the UN recommendations as it uses the existing common law offences to prosecute the wilful transmission of HIV, namely murder, attempted murder and assault. Drawing from the writer‘s comparative study in Chapter Six below, South Africa, members of the Zimbabwean parliament, Canada, as well as the American Bar Association have all concluded that the use of specific HIV-related legislation creates some a form of stigmatization towards people living with HIV and is therefore not warranted. This study shows that criminal law has a role to play in the wilful transmission of HIV; however the creation of HIV specific legislation is not recommended and existing criminal law offences should be used to address harmful HIV related behaviour. Such an approach is in line with the guiding principles laid down by the UN and SALC.
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Black, Michael David. "Central city youth and HIV/AIDS an emerging community construct: Finding the best fit ofprovention and intervention service." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1814.
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Oliveira, Tiago Feitosa de. "Testagem do HIV : a universalização da oferta na rede basica de saude de Recife-PE." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311097.
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Previous issue date: 2004<br>Resumo: A oferta de testes sorológicos tem sido colocada como uma das estratégias de combate à epidemia de HIV/aids. Inicialmente a testagem dava-se apenas nos serviços especializados, os chamados COAS ou CTA mas, devido à magnitude alcançada pela epidemia de HIV/aids, bem como a necessidade de diagnóstico precoce dos casos, fez-se necessário a disponibilização do teste anti-HIV na rede básica de saúde. O aconselhamento tem sido apontado como uma técnica a ser aplicada na oferta e na entrega do resultado do teste. Este se baseia na mudança de comportamento de pessoas e grupos sociais, proporcionando-lhes a oportunidade de adotarem práticas sexuais mais seguras ou reduzindo o dano de um determinado comportamento de risco. Através de pesquisa qualitativa, analisamos a oferta do teste para detecção do HIV nas Unidades de Saúde da Família da rede municipal de saúde de Recife-PE, sob a ótica dos profissionais de saúde. Verificamos que a indicação do referido teste se dá, quase sempre no consultório, durante a consulta clínica. O que motiva a oferta do teste é, geralmente um quadro sindrômico compatível com a aids ou o programa de assistência ao pré-natal. Os profissionais revelaram dificuldades em absorver a demanda espontânea pelo teste. A maioria dos entrevistados desconhece o aconselhamento, quanto técnica para ofertar o exame, reverter comportamentos de risco e dar o resultado do teste anti-HIV. Isso aponta para a necessidade urgente de qualificar a oferta do teste na rede básica, fazendo com que ela seja, de fato, instrumento de combate ao avanço da epidemia do HIV/aids<br>Abstract: The offering of serologic tests has been placed as one of the strategies in the HIV/AIDS epidemic disease combat. At first, the testate were applied in the specialized services only, the called COAS or CTA, however, with the magnitude reached by the HIV/AIDS epidemy, as well the necessity of a precocious diagnostic to the cases, the availability at the health public service of the anti-HIV test was necessary. The counselling has been pointed as a technique to be applied in the offering and delivery of the test result. That is based in the behaviour changed of social groups and people, providing them the opportunity to adopt safe sexual practices or reducing the damage of determinate risk behaviour. Through the qualitative search, we analyse the test offering to detect the HIV in the Family Health Units in the municipal public health of Recife-PE, under the health professional¿s optics. We realised that the indication of the referred test happens, almost often, in the doctor¿s office during the procedure. What motivate the test offering is, in general, a syndromic diagnostic compatible with AIDS or the pre-natal assistance program. The professions revelled some difficult in absolving the spontaneous demand for the test. The majority of the interviewed does not know the counselling as a technique to offer the exam, revert behaviour risks and give the anti-HIV result. This points to the urgent necessity of qualify the test offering into the public service, turning it to a combative instrument against the HIV/AIDS epidemy advance, indeed.<br>Mestrado<br>Saude Coletiva<br>Mestre em Saude Coletiva
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Moura, Ana DÃbora Assis. "EducaÃÃo em saÃde com prostitutas na prevenÃÃo das DST/Aids: reflexÃes à luz de Paulo Freire." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=827.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>As doenÃas sexualmente transmissÃveis (DST) sÃo consideradas risco ocupacional para as prostitutas, podendo ser prevenidas com o uso do preservativo. Faz-se necessÃria uma conscientizaÃÃo acerca da sua importÃncia mediante a EducaÃÃo em SaÃde, pois esta à a estratÃgia mais eficiente na prevenÃÃo das DST/Aids, trazendo mudanÃa de comportamentos, valores e atitudes. Diante de toda a problemÃtica que à a prostituiÃÃo e sua relaÃÃo com as DST, interessou compreender o trabalho realizado pelas prostitutas da AssociaÃÃo das Prostitutas do Cearà - APROCE no que se refere à prevenÃÃo das DST/Aids. Nesse contexto, este estudo objetivou analisar o trabalho educativo realizado pelas prostitutas da APROCE no que se refere à prevenÃÃo das DST e Aids, e verificar se essa EducaÃÃo em SaÃde estimula a reflexÃo, criticidade, mudanÃa de comportamento, ou à somente um repasse de informaÃÃes. Dessa forma, despertou-se para a relaÃÃo do objeto de estudo com a abordagem teÃrica baseada nas reflexÃes de Paulo Freire, pois âmudanÃaâ, ao lado de âconscientizaÃÃoâ, à um âtema geradorâ da prÃtica teÃrica de Paulo Freire. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, inspirada na teoria e prÃtica de Paulo Freire e analisada segundo a Teoria CrÃtica. Os dados foram agrupados de acordo com as etapas em que foram coletados: Observando as Educadoras Sociais e Dialogando com as Educadoras Sociais. Posteriormente, dividida a segunda parte em duas categorias: o perfil e o diÃlogo com as educadoras sociais. No diÃlogo com as educadoras sociais, foram identificados seus sentimentos quanto ao trabalho realizado; as principais dificuldades; os pontos facilitadores; como percebem seus resultados; os pontos mais e menos importantes do trabalho que realizam. Conclui-se, portanto, que conscientizar-se da importÃncia da prevenÃÃo das DST e Aids, e mudar de comportamento, nÃo sÃo tarefas simples, pois vÃrios fatores interferem na vida da prostituta. As estratÃgias de EducaÃÃo em SaÃde utilizadas pela AssociaÃÃo nÃo estimulam a reflexÃo, criticidade, mudanÃa de comportamento, como se deseja e espera, mas jà deu um grande passo, pois repassa informaÃÃes e entrega freqÃentemente o preservativo para as prostitutas, e, como essa à uma aÃÃo que acontece hà alguns anos, muitas mulheres jà mudaram de comportamento. Devem ser realizados projetos, estratÃgias mais eficazes, para que conscientizaÃÃo e mudanÃa aconteÃam em um menor espaÃo de tempo. Para obtenÃÃo desse fim, foram elaboradas estratÃgias metodolÃgicas de EducaÃÃo em SaÃde na prevenÃÃo das DST/Aids para prostitutas<br>Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) are considered an occupational risk for prostitutes, and they can be prevented with the use of condom. A conscientization about its importance through health education is necessary, as it is the most efficient strategy in STD/Aids prevention, what will bring changes in behavior, values and attitudes. In face of all this problematic situation of prostitution and its relation with STD, we got interested in understanding the work carried out by the prostitutes from the Association of Prostitutes from Cearà - APROCE concerning STD/Aids prevention. In this context, this study objectified to analyze the educational work carried out by the prostitutes from APROCE concerning STD and Aids prevention, and to verify if this Health Education estimulates reflexion, criticism and behavior change, or if it is only an information provider. This way, we awakened to the relation between the object of study and the theoretical approach based on Paulo Freireâs reflexions, considering that âchangeâ, together with âconscientizationâ, is a âtheme generatorâ of Paulo Freireâs theoretical practice. It is a qualitative research inspired in Paulo Freireâs theory and practice, and analyzed according to the Critical Theory. The data were grouped according to the stages they were collected: Observing Social Educators and Dialoguing with Social Educators. Later, the second part was divided in two categories: the profile and the dialogue with social educators. In the dialogue with social educators their feelings about the work done were identified, as well as the main difficulties; the facilitator points; how they perceive their results; and the most and least important points of their work. Therefore, we can conclude that being aware of the importance of STD and Aids prevention and changing behavior are not easy tasks because many factors interfere in prostitutesâ lives. The Health Education strategies used by the Association are not estimulating reflexion, criticism and behavior change as expected, but it has given a great step, as they provide information and condom to prostitutes. And, as it is an action that has happened for some years, many women have already changed behavior. More efficient strategies and projects must be carried out so that conscientization and change happen in a shorter period of time. For the obtention of this aim, Health Education methodological strategies in STD/Aids prevention for prostitutes were elaborated
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Placencia, Mary Louise. "Condom use in 15-19 year old adolescent girls before and after initiating hormonal contraception." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2123.
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This study provides data suggesting that adolescent girls who receive education and hormonal contraceptive methods at a school-based clinic in the Fontana Unified School District, are more likely to have a signficant improvement in condom use, which improves safe sex practices and reduces the risks of sexually transmitted diseases.
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Ntlabati, Pumla L. "Patterns of early adolescent sex and implications for HIV/AIDS risk prevention : a contextual study in the Amatole Basin, Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007814.
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This study involves an analysis of accounts of first and subsequent early sexual experiences in a deep rural area of the Eastern Cape in South Africa over the last forty years. Through interviews and focus group discussions, the enculturation of youth into sexual activity in the community of interest is explored. The study looks into sexual experiences from childhood, through early adolescence to adults of up to sixty five years old, allowing an analysis of the changing forms of sexual experimentation and sexual debut in this context. Contextual factors mediating these changes are explored, with special emphasis on the changing regulatory practices around early sexual experiences and the effect thereof on behaviors connected to HIV infection risk. Practices that were previously important mediators of sexual behavior were: anxiety about the social consequences of pregnancy, which was previously a significant disincentive to sexual intercourse; men's previous acceptance of the need to practice non-penetrative forms of sex and girls postponing sexual debut for as long as possible. All these were culturally endorsed, but are now noted to have changed due to changes in the regulatory practices surrounding youth sexuality. The context of early sexual experiences and the surrounding cultural practices have also changed significantly, and this needs to be taken into account in understanding receptivity to condom use messages. Implications for HIV/AIDS prevention are discussed. Among other interventions, the study describes a participatory, community-based, multi-sectoral approach that takes social conditions into account as a way of empowering the community to strengthen its response to the pandemic. This incorporates different sectors of the community, including youth, parents, religious and traditional leaders, and various other structures, services and institutions that make up the community.
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Okonkwo, Beatrice Ihegharauche, and Marissa Louise Sitz. "Influences of alcohol, marijuana, peer pressure, parental or adult supervision, knowledge of STD's/HIV and pregnancy on the initiation of sexual activity." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2509.
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The purpose of the study was to show the variables that influence adolescents' sexual activities that have not been well defined. What leads adolescents to be more sexually active than previous generations? A Survey was conducted at the Fontana Unified School District.
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Lucas, M?rcia Cavalcante Vinhas. "Cartografia de uma interven??o comunit?ria para preven??o de DST/HIV/AIDS." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17824.
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Previous issue date: 2013-06-25<br>Community-based interventions have been presented as a proposal of operationalization of the concept of vulnerability to STD/Aids prevention. This study aimed to analyze the Community intervention developed through the project Strengthening of Community action networks for STD/Aids prevention: know and intervenein, at M?e Luiza neighborhood, in the city of Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The study was conducted in the same location where intervention occurs and took as time reference the first 30 months of construction and deployment process, from April 2010 until December 2012. This is research with qualitative approach, participatory character, developed from the immersion of the researcher in the field, being this community intervention itself. In this perspective, the study approximates to the Cartographic method in which the researcher-researched is engendered in the acts and effects research. The data-generating sources were the memories of the researcher from the field notes, written narratives of subjects involved in the intervention and documents pertaining to the project. In the methodological path of cartography, the image of the rhizome by Deleuze and Guattari (1995) has accompanied the immersion in the field given the nature of research-intervention which approach to the concept of object-Rhizome. The presentation of results was composed for the attempted rhizomatic and a hypertext representation, based on the descriptive narrative taken from the documentary analysis and the multi-faceted narratives with the voices, the looks and the affections narrated by the subject involved, respectively. On the path taken, three lanes were drawn as synthesis of learning produced by experience-that can contribute to understanding the process under study, in his singular character, and reflections on other experiences of community intervention: track 1- Community intervention as active-reflective space and a cause; track 2 Inclusion as power and challenge of community involvement; track 3 Sustainability as A challenge of Community intervention. The study indicates that community intervention is presented as a potential producer of health as also produces practical and creative skills, subjects and inventive in the daily life of the community with a view to reinventing knowledge and practices for the prevention of STD/HIV/Aids<br>As interven??es de base comunit?ria t?m sido apresentadas como proposta de operacionaliza??o do conceito de vulnerabilidade para a preven??o das DST/Aids. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar a interven??o comunit?ria desenvolvida atrav?s do projeto Fortalecimento de redes de a??o comunit?ria para a preven??o em DSt/Aids: conhecer e intervir, no bairro de M?es Luiza, na cidade de Natal, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. O estudo foi realizado no mesmo local onde ocorre a interven??o e tomou como refer?ncia temporal os primeiros 30 meses do processo de sua constru??o e implanta??o, desde abril de 2010 at? dezembro de 2012. Trata-se de pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, de car?ter participativo, desenvolvida a partir da imers?o da pesquisadora em campo, sendo este a pr?pria interven??o comunit?ria. Nessa perspectiva, o estudo aproxima-se ao m?todo cartogr?fico no qual a rela??o pesquisador-pesquisado ? engendrada nos atos e efeitos da investiga??o. As fontes geradoras de dados foram o registro de mem?rias da pesquisadora a partir das anota??es de campo, narrativas escritas de sujeitos implicados na interven??o e documentos referentes ao projeto. No caminho metodol?gico da cartografia, a imagem do rizoma apresentada por Deleuze e Guattari (1995) tem acompanhado a imers?o em campo dada ? natureza de pesquisa-interven??o a qual aproximamos ? no??o de objeto-rizoma. A apresenta??o de resultados foi composta por tentativa de representa??o rizom?tica e um hipertexto, tomando como base a narrativa descritiva extra?da da an?lise documental e as narrativas multifacetadas com as vozes, os olhares e os afetos narrados pelos sujeitos implicados, respectivamente. No caminho percorrido, tr?s pistas foram tra?adas como s?ntese do aprendizado produzido pela experi?ncia-interven??o, que podem contribuir para compreender o processo em estudo, em seu car?ter singular, e orientar reflex?es sobre outras experi?ncias de interven??o comunit?ria: pista 1 A interven??o comunit?ria como espa?o ativo-reflexivo e um modo de fazer com; pista 2 A inclus?o como pot?ncia e desafio da interven??o comunit?ria; pista 3 A sustentabilidade como desafio da interven??o comunit?ria. O estudo indica que a interven??o comunit?ria se apresenta como potencial produtora de sa?de ? medida que tamb?m produz pr?ticas e sujeitos, potencializando capacidades criativa e inventiva presentes no cotidiano da comunidade numa perspectiva de reinventar saberes e pr?ticas para preven??o das DST/HIV/Aids
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Cicco, Roberta Ribeiro de. "Potencialidades e limites do ensino das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis: um estudo qualitativo na perspectiva socioantropológica." Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2012. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/6415.
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Previous issue date: 2012<br>Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.<br>O ensino das DST no contexto escolar apresenta potencialidades e limites resultantes de ações dos campos da saúde e da educação, principalmente de professores de biologia e das diferentes perspectivas culturais e sociais que repercutem nas atitudes e decisões dos sujeitos sobre sua sexualidade. No que tange as ações educativas voltadas à sexualidade, as práticas sociais de informação, educação e comunicação são importantes para a promoção da saúde no ensino. Entretanto, estudos sobre o impacto de programas de educação sexual direcionados a adolescentes vêm mostrando que estratégias de prevenção inspiradas em atividades ou programas não são suficientes para promover mudança nas práticas sexuais dos indivíduos. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender as potencialidades e os limites do ensino das DST a partir da abordagem socioantropológica. O estudo inclui análise de documentos oficiais da saúde e da educação (incluindo o livro didático, a partir das Coleções de Biologia do Catálogo do PNLEM/2009), observação direta e entrevistas com alunos de 17 a 19 anos, e professores de biologia na faixa etária de 43 a 50 anos, de uma escola estadual da região metropolitana do RJ. Os resultados apontam que as DST nos livros didáticos estão em sua maioria associadas a aspectos estritamente biológico com maior ênfase na AIDS e encontrados sob a forma de textos complementares e/ou associado à reprodução humana. Contudo, o posicionamento e concepções dos jovens acerca da iniciação sexual trazem questionamentos relativos às atitudes e cuidados voltados a este evento que vão além do conteúdo biológico, indicam diferença de gênero a respeito das concepções de sexualidade, do processo saúde/doença, dos cuidados do corpo e as decisões que envolvem a iniciação sexual. Assinalam também as dificuldades práticas do ensino e nas estratégias de abordagem no contexto escolar. Apontamos, portanto, como relevante, a necessidade de se considerar os aspectos assinalados quando estivermos discutindo diferentes estratégias e possibilidades de abordagem do tema das DST no contexto do ensino.<br>STD education in the school environment presents potential and boundaries as a consequence of activities on health and education areas, especially from teachers of biology and from different cultural and social perspectives that have an effect on the attitude and decision of individuals about their sexuality. Regarding the educational activities about sexuality, social activities of information, education and communication are important for health promotion at school. However, studies about the impact of sex education programs focused on teenagers have shown that warning strategies inspired by activities or programs are not sufficient to make changes in the individual’s sexual attitude. The objective of this study is to understand the possibilities and limitations of the teaching of DST from the anthropological approach. The study includes analysis of official documents in health and education areas (including the textbook of the Collections Catalogue of PNLEM/2009 Biology), direct observation and interviews with students age between 17 to 19 and teachers of biology who are 43-50 years old, both study and work at a school in the metropolitan region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, respectively. The results indicate that DST, in the textbooks, are mostly associated to biological aspects only, emphasizing AIDS and are shown as complementary texts and / or associated with human reproduction. However, the young people’s behavior and point of view about the start of sexual life bring doubts concerning attitudes and care to this event beyond the organic content, indicate gender differences regarding the sexuality concept, health / disease process, the care about body and the decisions involving the start of sexual life. The young people also point out the difficulties of the teaching methods and strategies of approach in the school environment. We, therefore, highlight the need of considering the aspects emphasized in this study while discussing different strategies and possibilities for addressing the issue of STDs in the education context.
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Sweitzer, Marilyn Jean. "Positive prevention: The relationship between teacher self-efficacy, program implementation, and student outcomes." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2698.
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In the San Bernardino City Unified School District, Positive Prevention: HIV/STD Prevention Education for California Schools Grades 7-12, Second Edition (Positive Prevention) by Clark & Ridley (2000) is used as the curriculum for ninth grade. In evaluating the curriculum, it is of key importance to first determine if this curriculum is being taught as it was designed, or with fidelity. Fidelity is affected by the comfort, confidence, competence and commitment of the personnel presenting the curriculum.
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Curry, Kimberly Sue, and Frank Thomas Jr Pullara. "The effects of HIV/AIDS education curriculum on the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of college freshmen." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1569.
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Ihenacho, Kelechi Nkeiruka, and Christina Nicole Burden. "The influence of gender scripts on African American college student condom use." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3329.
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This study examines how African American gender scripts influence condom use for disease and pregnancy prevention. One-hundred African American California State University, San Bernardino (CSUSB) students were selected to participate in this study. Fifty African American males and fifty African American females were surveyed for this study to be representative of the African American community on campus.
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Anjos, Teresa Cristina Carvalho dos. "Uma análise do exercício da preceptoria e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais no Programa de Prevenção e Controle das Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis, AIDS e Hepatites Virais do Município de Maceió." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1314.
Full textAbstract:
This work investigates the exercise on preceptorship in the Program for Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, HIV, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis - STD/HIV/AIDS e HV from Maceió city related to the National Curriculum Directives - DCN on the learning of general skills recommended for professional practice in healthcare. It features an article entitled “Possibilidades e Desafios da Preceptoria no Programa DST/HIV/AIDS e Hepatites Virais de Maceió”. It is about a descriptive study of qualitative approach. For collecting and processing the data was used semi-structured interview technique based on content analysis. The study data point to the empirical knowledge of research participants about the role of preceptor and the ignorance about what recommends DCNs published in 2001 on skills development. Based on the results of the research it were elaborated two products: the first, in the form of systematic intervention project, called "Rodas de Conversas: tecendo diálogos – construindo caminhos" whose goal is to strengthen the teaching-service integration in STD/HIV/AIDS e HV; the second, a documentary video called "Programa DST/HIV/AIDS e HV: um espaço de aprendizagem” a tool to be made available for tutors in order to support them in reception and integration of students in service, enabling a larger view on program power for professional learning. The intention is that the proposed products can contribute to strengthening and expanding the preceptorship activity under the Health Surveillance, specifically in the STD/HIV/AIDS and HV Program, improving the reception and integration of students in the practice setting and strengthen dialogue between educational institutions and the service.<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Esta pesquisa investigou o exercício da preceptoria no Programa de Prevenção e Controle das Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis, HIV, AIDS e Hepatites Virais – DST/HIV/AIDS e HV do Município de Maceió relacionado as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais – DCNs no que se refere ao aprendizado das competências gerais preconizadas para o exercício profissional na área da saúde. Apresenta um artigo intitulado “Possibilidades e Desafios da Preceptoria no Programa DST/HIV/AIDS e Hepatites Virais do Município de Maceió”. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa. Para coleta e tratamento dos dados foi utilizada a técnica da entrevista semi estruturada fundamentada na análise de conteúdo. Os dados deste estudo apontam para o conhecimento empírico dos participantes da pesquisa sobre o papel do preceptor e o desconhecimento sobre o que preconiza as DCNs publicadas em 2001 no desenvolvimento de competências. A partir do resultado da pesquisa foram elaborados dois produtos: o primeiro, na modalidade de projeto de intervenção sistemático, denominado “Rodas de Conversas: tecendo diálogos – construindo caminhos” cujo objetivo é fortalecer a integração ensino-serviço no Programa DST/HIV/AIDS e HV; o segundo, um vídeo documental denominado “Programa DST/HIV/AIDS e HV: um espaço de aprendizagem” ferramenta esta a ser disponibilizada para os preceptores com o objetivo de apoiá-los no acolhimento e integração dos estudantes no serviço, possibilitando uma visão ampliada sobre a potência do programa para a aprendizagem profissional. A intencionalidade é que os produtos propostos possam contribuir para fortalecer e ampliar a atividade de preceptoria no âmbito da Vigilância em Saúde, especificamente no Programa DST/HIV/AIDS e HV, melhorar o acolhimento e integração dos estudantes no cenário de prática e fortalecer o diálogo entre instituições de ensino e o serviço.
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Nsakala, Vodiena Gabriel. "Communication stratégique pour améliorer la double prévention des IST / VIH / SIDA et des grossesses non désirées chez les adolescents à Kinshasa, RDC: enjeux et perspectives de l'éducation sexuelle participative." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209308.
Full textAbstract:
Resumé<p><p>Dans le présent travail de recherche, nous présentons un cadre d’analyse, de planification et de mise en œuvre d’une recherche-action portant sur l’apport de l’éducation sexuelle participative comme démarche de la communication stratégique, et ses effets sur le public d’adolescents en milieu scolaire. Le but ultime étant de proposer une meilleure alternative à l’amélioration de la double prévention des IST/VIH/SIDA et des grossesses non désirées chez les adolescents scolarisés de 15-19 ans à Kinshasa, RDC.<p>Les principaux objectifs fixés à la présente recherche étaient :i) d’évaluer l’ampleur de la situation épidémiologique et sociale liée à la santé de reproduction y compris la prévention du VIH/SIDA chez les jeunes adolescents (15-19 ans) ;ii) d’identifier les besoins ainsi que les préoccupations spécifiques des adolescents et jeunes notamment en terme de vie sexuelle et affective ;iii) de projeter les axes de communication stratégiques susceptibles d’influencer positivement les comportements en vue d’améliorer la prévention des IST/VIH/SIDA et des grossesses précoces des adolescents et jeunes en milieu urbain ;iv) de construire sur base des observations et analyses précédentes, une approche de communication stratégique fondée sur l’éducation sexuelle participative; iv) et mesurer au point de vue cognitif et comportemental, l’écart attribuable à l’éducation sexuelle sur l’amélioration des connaissances, des attitudes et des pratiques favorables à la double prévention des IST/VIH/SIDA et des grossesses précoces chez les adolescents de 15-19 ans en milieu urbain de la RDC.<p>Réalisée dans une perspective de la promotion de la santé, son cadre théorique chemine avec celui de l’évidence des liens entre les IST/VIH/SIDA et la santé sexuelle et de reproduction. La combinaison du modèle d’analyse PRECEDE avec l’outil de planification PROCESSUS-P, a servi de fil conducteur de ce travail.<p>Cette étude confronte également la théorie de la communication avec les modèles de changement de comportement. En effet, les messages sur la sexualité émis par un émetteur, permettent à l’individu qui les reçoit, de se persuader à amorcer le changement de comportement qui passe par différents étapes. Mais au delà de la volonté individuelle, les relations de sexualité se vivent dans une interaction sociale dont il faudra tenir compte. <p>La construction de cette recherche a fait appel aux disciplines des sciences sociales, comportementales, de l’éducation, et de l’épidémiologie.<p>Nous avons combiné quatre approches différentes pour cerner nos hypothèses de recherche :i) la revue documentaire, ii) l’approche socio-anthropologique (qualitative) par des focus groups, entretiens semi dirigés, observations directes, iii) l’approche socio-épidémiologique (quantitative) par des enquêtes transversales et iv) l’approche opérationnelle par l’introduction d’une approche innovante utilisant le téléphone et la radio comme moyen pour identifier et orienter des messages à diffuser en milieu scolaire sur la prévention des IST/VIH/SIDA et les grossesses précoces.<p>Ce travail propose deux formats de résultats :les articles publiés ou en cours de l’être et les résultats complémentaires synthétisés dans différents tableaux. <p>Les articles abordent successivement :i) le profil de risque et de vulnérabilité lié au VIH/SIDA et à la santé des adolescents ;ii) la perception des adolescents en matière de santé sexuelle et reproductive ;iii) l’ analyse de l’intégration de l’éducation sexuelle dans les médias ;iv) l’utilisation du téléphone portable et de la radio pour identifier les préoccupations sexuelles des adolescents, v) les déterminants associés à la pratique de la double prévention des IST/VIH/SIDA et des grossesses précoces et vi) les effets cognitifs et comportementaux de l’éducation sexuelle participative sur la double prévention des IST/VIH/SIDA et des grossesses précoces en milieu scolaire de Kinshasa.<p>Les données synthétisées dans différents tableaux rendent compte de l’analyse de la réponse nationale sur la santé de la reproduction des adolescents et des différents aspects du cadre théorique d’analyse et de planification d’une communication stratégique pour la prévention des IST/VIH/SIDA et des grossesses précoces.<p>L’ensemble des résultats de cette recherche peut se résumer en dix points importants ci-après :<p>1.\<br>Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Matshediso, Ellah. "The facilitation of youth friendliness in a Youth Activity Centre (YAC) in Botswana." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2968.
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The concept of youth activity centre (YAC) has not yet been evaluated. The purpose of this
study was to evaluate the YAC in Botswana. Accordingly, the researcher explored and
described the lived experience of young people utilising the YAC as well as the perceptions
of service providers at the Mochudi Centre in the Kgatleng District, in Botswana.
Furthermore, the objective was to develop and describe guidelines for the facilitation of
youth-friendly services (YFS) at YAC.
A phenomenological, qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design
was used to extract young people’s experiences and perceptions of service providers.
Thirty-two young people and 27 service providers (peer educators and service delivery
officers [SDOs]) were purposefully selected. Methods of data collection used were
unstructured individual in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observations in
the forms of field notes. The data, mainly tape-recorded interviews and field notes were
transcribed verbatim for data analysis. Tesch’s eight-step data analysis model (Creswell
1994:155) was used.
One major theme, youth friendliness emerged with three categories, namely: physical,
administrative, and psychological aspects of youth-friendly services. All the respondents
indicated that they benefited and affirmed they were empowered and better people after
using the facility. However, limited access to the facility by the target group due to location,
cost of reaching the facility, and attitudes of service providers as well as failure to
implement planned activities due to financial and staff shortage were obstacles to youth
friendliness of the YAC.
Based on the findings and literature review, the researcher developed guidelines to
facilitate YFS and improved access to the YAC. Recommendations made are for practise
in the YAC, education of SDOs and for further research.<br>Health Studies<br>D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Mokgetse, Moitlamo. "Female condom acceptability among young women in Botswana." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21194.
Full textAbstract:
Correct and consistent use of female condom is an effective strategy for the reduction of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS. The researcher used a non-experimental descriptive quantitative research design to explore the acceptability of female condom among young women aged between 15 and 34 years of age in Jwaneng Township, Botswana. Simple random sampling was used to recruit the respondents. Data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaires from women accessing health care services in the three health facilities in Jwaneng Township. Data were analysed using the SPSS statistical program version 23 for windows.
The findings show low utilisation of the female condom. The study highlights the significant challenges regarding availability, shape, material and lack of information about female condom in Jwaneng. Based on the study results, various strategies need to be developed, there might be a need to package health promotion differently for different age groups to effectively promote the female condom.<br>Health Studies<br>M.A. (Nursing Science)
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"Venereal disease control in colonial Taiwan." 2009. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896597.
Full textAbstract:
Wong, Ying Suet.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-131).<br>In English with some Chinese and Japanese; abstract also in Chinese.<br>Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.3<br>Literature Review --- p.7<br>Structure --- p.10<br>Notes on Sources --- p.13<br>Chapter Chapter Two: --- Venereal Disease Policies in the Metropole and Their Colonies --- p.15<br>The Case of Britain --- p.16<br>VD Policy in the Metropole: The case of Britain --- p.16<br>VD Policy in the Colonies: The Case of Colonies under Britain --- p.23<br>The Case of Japan with Reference of Britain as the Pioneer Policy Maker --- p.28<br>Chapter Chapter Three: --- Venereal Disease control in the Metropole --- p.31<br>Legislation --- p.32<br>Institutions --- p.44<br>Education and Social Discussion --- p.49<br>Resistance --- p.55<br>VD control in the Japanese Military Force --- p.60<br>Summary --- p.67<br>Chapter Chapter Four: --- Venereal Disease Control in Colonial Taiwan --- p.70<br>Legislation --- p.72<br>Licensed prostitution system --- p.72<br>The VD Prevention Law --- p.79<br>Education and Social Discussion --- p.84<br>Before the VD Prevention Law in Japan in 1927 --- p.84<br>Education and Public Discussion of VD after the promulgation of the VD Prevention Law in 1927 --- p.90<br>The Changing Discourse of VD --- p.95<br>Summary --- p.100<br>Chapter Chapter Five: --- "Sex, Gender, Class, Race and Colonialism" --- p.101<br>Taiwanese Women´ةs image: Scapegoating --- p.101<br>Medical Development: State Medicine and Local Elites --- p.106<br>VD Control in the Military in Taiwan --- p.109<br>Summary --- p.111<br>Chapter Chapter Six: --- Conclusion --- p.114<br>Bibliography --- p.120
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Skosana, Mercia Nongoma Dorah. "Perceptions of adolescents about sexuality and sexually transmitted diseases." Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/667.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the perceptions of adolescents about sexuality and sexually transmitted infections, which probably contribute towards the high incidence of sexually transmitted infections amongst this group.The study was designed as a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research. A focus group interview and unstructured observation were used to collect data, using a nonprobability
snowball sample. The group consisted of 12 male and female adolescents residing in a specific geographical area in Pretoria and attending different high schools. Recommendations made focus on:
the approach to sex education programmes factors that need to be addressed in order to improve adolescent sexual health
empowerment strategies of teachers, parents and community leaders on adolescent sexuality and sexually transmitted infections so that in turn, they should be able to empower adolescents on their sexual roles and thus make informed choices The impact of implementing the recommendations will benefit individuals, families and communities.<br>Health Studies<br>M.A.(Health Studies)
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Brunner, David. "Why people fail to use condoms for STD and HIV prevention." 2009. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/etd,98265.
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Milligan, C. Dawne. "School-based education for the prevention of the human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5426.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis seeks to answer the questions “What
combination of knowledge, skills and action is necessary to
facilitate protection against the human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in
adolescents?” and “How does current education for the
prevention of HIV/STD in British Columbia schools compare with
these requirements?” A literature review of contemporary
school-based substance abuse, pregnancy and HIV/AIDS/STD
prevention programs was undertaken, with specific attention
paid to theories underlying the programs. Interviews based on
the literature and theory review were then conducted in three
school districts in British Columbia to obtain a picture of
local school-based HIV/STID prevention education.
Students need to understand their level of risk and
methods of preventing disease and to feel motivated and
capable of implementing these methods with support from their
peers and families.
Educators in British Columbia are engaged in a struggle
to provide the needed information, skills and support within
an extremely limited time framework. They lack ministerial
direction, stated goals and objectives and standardized
measurement and evaluation tools with regard to HIV/STD
prevention, and are facing dwindling opportunities for in-service/
training.
The final chapter offers a set of recommendations. These include a clear statement of acceptance of responsibility for
HIV/STD education by the Ministry of Education; joint program
planning and implementation by the Ministries of Education,
Health and Social Services; the creation of local school-community
health advisory boards (integrating health agencies,
school personnel, parents, students and community leaders into
school health program planning, implementation and
evaluation); increased support for the implementation of
“Learning for Living”, British Columbia’s comprehensive school
health program; expansion of mandatory health education
courses for Grades 5-12; provision of adequate training and
in-service for educators; increased attention to the needs of
out-of-the mainstream youth; implementation of curricula,
standards/goals/objectives and measurement/evaluation tools
for HIV/STD education; provision of condoms to students free
of charge; and continued and increased attention to social
problems such as poverty, substance abuse and the perceived
lack of life opportunities that predispose youth to problem
behaviour.
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"Male circumcision as a bio-medical HIV intervention targeting male heterosexual sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients in China: an acceptability study and a single-arm test-of-concept trial." 2013. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5884445.
Full textAbstract:
Wang, Zixin.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 215-223).<br>Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.<br>Abstract and appendixes also in Chinese.