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Akram, Awais, and Hamad Ahmad. "Potential of existing UMTS Signaling Data for Cell Phone Positioning." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-73120.
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In the current era of telecommunication the usage of cellular network has increased rapidly. Number of different new services are introduced i.e. navigation, friend finder, internet browsing, nearby filling stations, shopping centers, traffic information and emergency services. Most of these services are location based and needs the information of particular area to provide the exact services. The addition of location based services in 3G network opens the new ways of using Mobile devices due to which cellular networks has faced number of challenges in providing better positioning accuracy which is the main requirement for location based services. To bear these challenges everyday new ways of finding the accurate position are introduced but most them required upgraded networks or highly equipped terminal. In this thesis the purpose is to find the potential in UMTS signaling data to estimate the position of the user equipment as accurate as possible using the legacy terminals. In this thesis SFN-SFN observed time difference is explored and used in Database Correlation Method (DCM) in network based positioning. This thesis is done by first analyzing the RSCP for the particular area to verify the conditions of FCC. The data is collected in real environment through test drive using TEMS investigation tool and the available measurement reports from the terminal are used to design and implement the DCM Algorithm. Two new approaches are introduced in this thesis SFN-SFN OTD and Hybrid. In Hybrid RSCP and SFN-SFN OTD are used together. In conclusion, the final results from the performed experiments show improvement in estimated position accuracy by Hybrid technique which is a new step in finding the position of user equipment by DCM.
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GUERRA, MAURICIO VILELA. "PROPAGATION CHANNEL CHARACTERIZATION FOR SFN DIGITAL TV." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=20538@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCENTRO FEDERAL DE EDUCAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA CELSO SUCKOW FONSECA
Este trabalho tem como objetivo obter a caracterização do canal de propagação para redes de TV Digital de frequência única (SFN) bem como desenvolver modelos para simulação do desempenho dos serviços de radiodifusão e para tanto medições de campo devem ser realizadas. A avaliação do desempenho de redes individuais através de medidas tem duas desvantagens significativas: custo elevado com demanda de tempo considerável e nem sempre é possível aplicar os resultados de campo com a avaliação de desempenho de receptores comerciais. Neste caso, simulações realizadas em laboratório, utilizando modelos condicionados pelas propriedades do canal de rádio, podem ser a resposta ao problema. Estes modelos podem ser usados em diferentes simulações, tornando possível não somente a avaliação de desempenho, bem como a análise e projeto de equipamentos e sistemas de comunicação adequados para uma determinada característica de canal SFN. São apresentadas as campanhas de medições realizadas, incluindo a descrição das regiões e configurações de medição, técnicas de medição e processamento de dados utilizados. Em sequência, é apresentada uma análise da perda média de propagação com base medições realizadas e a comparação com as previsões fornecidas para os mesmos percursos pela implementação do modelo do ITU-R. A caracterização em banda larga do canal é realizada pela modelagem estatística do perfil de retardos de multipercurso do canal. Finalmente é apresentado a modelagem do canal como uma linha densa de retardos e a modelagem estatística dos parâmetros do canal com base nos resultados experimentais.
This work aims to obtain through a field measurement the characterization of the propagation channel for Digital TV using single frequency networks (SFN) and to develop models for simulating the performance of broadcasting services. The evaluation of the performance of individual networks by means of measurements has significant drawbacks: high cost, considerable time demand and is not always possible to apply field measurement results in the performance evaluation of commercial receivers. In this case, laboratory simulations using models conditioned by the radio channel properties may be the answer to this problem. These models can be used in different simulations making possible not only the performance evaluation but also the analysis and design of equipment and communication systems suitable for a particular SFN channel characteristic. This text presents the measurement campaigns carried out, including the description of regions and measurement settings, measurement techniques and data processing used. In sequence, is presented an analysis of the average path loss based on the performed measurements and its comparison with the predicted path loss provided by the ITU-R recommended model. The broadband channel characterization is carried out by the statistical modeling of the channel multipath power delay profile. Finally, the modeling of the channel as a tapped delay line and the statistical description of the channel dispersion parameters based on experimental results are presented.
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Hägglund, Erik. "Design of a DVB-T Receiver : For SFN on a DSP-Processor." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Datorteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-86070.
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The goal of this thesis was to implement a DVB-T receiver on Coresonic’s DSP-processor and attempt to evaluate how to design a receiver that is robust against very strong echoes with a long delay. Long delayed echoes is very common in Single Frequency Networks (SFN) which is why focus was put on finding algorithms that work well in SFN.The thesis involved analyzing different algorithms involved in making a DVB-T receiver where the focus was to find a good channel estimation algorithm. The thesis also included programming the DSP-processor and making some smaller modifications to their hardware solution to integrate their error correction hardware. After finding relevant articles with promising algorithms a small transmitter, channel and receiver was modeled in Matlab in order to try the different algorithms. After testing the different algorithms some of the simpler ones were first implemented to quickly get a working receiver. The implementation was however time consuming and all of the most appropriate algorithms to better avert the effects of long and strong echoes where not implemented. This means some algorithms where only analyzed and discussed.The receiver performance is tested and simulated in Coresonic’s DSP simulator. The receiver does not fully meet the requirements set by NorDig when it comes to handling long delay spread echoes with a magnitude of 0db when tested in the DSP processor simulator. The receiver is however able to handle the Ricean channel at a SNR of 19 Db and Rayleigh channel at an SNR of 24 Db.This report is the result of the final thesis of a Master of Science in Computer Engineering at Linköpings Tekniska Högskola. The thesis was performed at Coresonic AB in Mjärdevi Linköping.
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Zhang, Chunhui. "Wide area coverage planning and dimensioning in densified SFN DVB-H networks." Thesis, Brunel University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427729.
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Gahlen, Gundula, Michael Herrmann, Torsten F. Reimer, and Norbert Winnige. "Militärgeschichte der Frühen Neuzeit im Internet : die Online-Angebote des AMG und sfn." Universität Potsdam, 2001. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/2866/.
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Brotto, Danielle Barbosa [UNESP]. "Alterações epigenéticas e do número de cópias do gene SFN em carcinomas mamários." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124008.
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000831296.pdf: 1949173 bytes, checksum: beeb683c24b9380e93e17d2eaac28060 (MD5)O gene SFN (stratifin; 14-3-3sigma) atua como um gene supressor tumoral cuja expressão é induzida em resposta a danos ao DNA, promovendo o bloqueio do ciclo celular no checkpoint G2/M. A inativação ou redução da expressão gênica por hipermetilação de sua ilha CpG foi apontada como um mecanismo comum a vários tipos de cânceres humanos e também foi associada com resposta ao tratamento. O objetivo desse estudo foi caracterizar alterações genéticas e epigenéticas do gene SFN em carcinomas mamários primários e investigar a sua relação com parâmetros clínicos e histopatológicos. Em adição, linhagens derivadas de epitélio mamário normal e de carcinomas mamários foram utilizadas para a caracterização do efeito do número de cópias e do padrão de metilação do DNA na expressão gênica e para o estudo do efeito combinado do tratamento com o agente desmetilante 5-Aza-dC (5-Aza-2'-Desoxicitidina) e da exposição à radiação nas taxas de sobrevivência celular. O padrão de metilação do DNA foi determinado por MS-PCR (Methylation Specific-Polimerase Chain Reaction), após modificação do DNA por bissulfito de sódio, em uma série de 84 carcinomas mamários (76 ductais infiltrantes, 5 lobulares infiltrantes, 1 metaplásico, 1 apócrino e 1 papilífero) , bem como em um painel de 20 linhagens celulares (3 normais e 17 derivadas de carcinomas). O número de cópias foi determinado por qPCR (quantitative Polimerase Chain Reaction) em 82 destas amostras. Os níveis de expressão do transcrito foram avaliados por RT-qPCR em 8 linhagens celulares selecionadas com base no número de cópias, padrão de metilação e o status da proteína p53. O efeito da exposição à radiação ionizante, em uma única dose de 4 Gy em intervalos de tempo de 12, 24, 48 e 72h foi estudado através do ensaio de MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) em três linhagens celulares (T47D, MDA-MB-231 e MDA-MB-436) ...
The SFN gene (Stratifin; 14-3-3 sigma) plays roles as a tumor suppressor gene and its expression is induced in response to DNA damage by disabling the cell cycle arrest at the G2/M checkpoint. Inactivation or down-regulation of gene expression levels has been generally attributed to the hypermethylation of its CpG island, identified as a common mechanism in a variety of human cancers, also associated to treatment response. The aim of the present study was to characterize epigenetics and genetics alterations of the SFN gene in primary breast cancer and to investigate the relationship with clinical and histopatological variables. In addition, cell lines derived from normal breast and breast cancer tissues, were employed to identify the effect of copy number dosage and DNA methylation pattern in gene expression, besides the study of combined response to 5-Aza-dC (5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine) and radiation exposure on cell survival. After sodium bisulfite modification, the DNA methylation pattern was determined by Methylation-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MS-PCR) in a series of 84 Breast cancer samples (76 infiltrating ductal carcinomas, 5 infiltrating lobular, 1 metaplasic, 1 apocrine and 1 papillary) as well as in a panel of 20 human cell lines (3 derived from normal breast and 17 from breast cancer). SFN copy number was performed using relative quantification, by qPCR (quantitative Polimerase Chain Reaction) in 82 samples. Transcript levels were evaluated by RT-qPCR within a selection of 8 cell lines, based on DNA methylation, SFN copy number dosage and p53 status. Ionizing radiation effect was studied through MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, by using a single dose of 4 Gy at different time intervals (12, 24, 48 and 72h) in tree cell lines (T47D, MDA-MB-231 e MDA-MB-436) treated or not with 5-Aza-dC. SFN methylation was observed in 79% of primary breast cancer, while copy number alterations ...
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Novaes, Carolina Duca. "Redes de redistribuição de sinais a partir de redes de freqüência única (SFN)." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2010. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2760.
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Previous issue date: 2010-02-10This dissertation presents details of a structure needed to create a Single Frequency Network (SFN) using low-power transmitters, and a comparison with a network composed of a single transmitter with high power. Among the difficulties to implement networks which distribute signals in SFN, has prioritized the synchronization issue and equalization techniques to achieve better performance of this system. Thus, there was a theoretical research comparing the different methods of timing of single frequency networks and simulations of coverage and performance in order to discuss the implementation of such a network system in the Brazilian digital TV (SBTVD).
Este trabalho apresenta um detalhamento da estrutura necessária para se criar uma rede Single Frequency Network (SFN) utilizando transmissores de baixa potência, bem como um comparativo com uma rede composta por um transmissor único de alta potência. Dentre as dificuldades de se implementar as redes de redistribuição de sinais em SFN foi priorizada a questão do sincronismo e técnicas de equalização que permitam um melhor desempenho desse sistema. Para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa teórica comparativa entre os diferentes métodos de sincronismo de redes de frequência única e simulações de cobertura e desempenho, visando discutir a implementação desse tipo de rede no sistema Brasileiro de TV digital (SBTVD).
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Brotto, Danielle Barbosa. "Alterações epigenéticas e do número de cópias do gene SFN em carcinomas mamários /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124008.
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Orientador: Cláudia Aparecida RainhoBanca: Deilson Elgui de Oliveira
Banca: Vinicius Santana Nunes
Resumo: O gene SFN (stratifin; 14-3-3sigma) atua como um gene supressor tumoral cuja expressão é induzida em resposta a danos ao DNA, promovendo o bloqueio do ciclo celular no checkpoint G2/M. A inativação ou redução da expressão gênica por hipermetilação de sua ilha CpG foi apontada como um mecanismo comum a vários tipos de cânceres humanos e também foi associada com resposta ao tratamento. O objetivo desse estudo foi caracterizar alterações genéticas e epigenéticas do gene SFN em carcinomas mamários primários e investigar a sua relação com parâmetros clínicos e histopatológicos. Em adição, linhagens derivadas de epitélio mamário normal e de carcinomas mamários foram utilizadas para a caracterização do efeito do número de cópias e do padrão de metilação do DNA na expressão gênica e para o estudo do efeito combinado do tratamento com o agente desmetilante 5-Aza-dC (5-Aza-2'-Desoxicitidina) e da exposição à radiação nas taxas de sobrevivência celular. O padrão de metilação do DNA foi determinado por MS-PCR (Methylation Specific-Polimerase Chain Reaction), após modificação do DNA por bissulfito de sódio, em uma série de 84 carcinomas mamários (76 ductais infiltrantes, 5 lobulares infiltrantes, 1 metaplásico, 1 apócrino e 1 papilífero) , bem como em um painel de 20 linhagens celulares (3 normais e 17 derivadas de carcinomas). O número de cópias foi determinado por qPCR (quantitative Polimerase Chain Reaction) em 82 destas amostras. Os níveis de expressão do transcrito foram avaliados por RT-qPCR em 8 linhagens celulares selecionadas com base no número de cópias, padrão de metilação e o status da proteína p53. O efeito da exposição à radiação ionizante, em uma única dose de 4 Gy em intervalos de tempo de 12, 24, 48 e 72h foi estudado através do ensaio de MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) em três linhagens celulares (T47D, MDA-MB-231 e MDA-MB-436) ...
Abstract: The SFN gene (Stratifin; 14-3-3 sigma) plays roles as a tumor suppressor gene and its expression is induced in response to DNA damage by disabling the cell cycle arrest at the G2/M checkpoint. Inactivation or down-regulation of gene expression levels has been generally attributed to the hypermethylation of its CpG island, identified as a common mechanism in a variety of human cancers, also associated to treatment response. The aim of the present study was to characterize epigenetics and genetics alterations of the SFN gene in primary breast cancer and to investigate the relationship with clinical and histopatological variables. In addition, cell lines derived from normal breast and breast cancer tissues, were employed to identify the effect of copy number dosage and DNA methylation pattern in gene expression, besides the study of combined response to 5-Aza-dC (5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine) and radiation exposure on cell survival. After sodium bisulfite modification, the DNA methylation pattern was determined by Methylation-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MS-PCR) in a series of 84 Breast cancer samples (76 infiltrating ductal carcinomas, 5 infiltrating lobular, 1 metaplasic, 1 apocrine and 1 papillary) as well as in a panel of 20 human cell lines (3 derived from normal breast and 17 from breast cancer). SFN copy number was performed using relative quantification, by qPCR (quantitative Polimerase Chain Reaction) in 82 samples. Transcript levels were evaluated by RT-qPCR within a selection of 8 cell lines, based on DNA methylation, SFN copy number dosage and p53 status. Ionizing radiation effect was studied through MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, by using a single dose of 4 Gy at different time intervals (12, 24, 48 and 72h) in tree cell lines (T47D, MDA-MB-231 e MDA-MB-436) treated or not with 5-Aza-dC. SFN methylation was observed in 79% of primary breast cancer, while copy number alterations ...
Mestre
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Baldivieso, Tatiana Lago Martinez Navarro. "Evidências de não consolidação de demonstrações contábeis entre subsidiárias de grupos estrangeiros no SFN." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1494.
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Previous issue date: 2012-06-12Consolidated financial statements present the financial situation of an economic group, which is made up of a parent company and its subsidiaries and associates, as if they were a single entity. Accounting principles adopted in Brazil as well as international financial reporting standards (IFRS) regarding consolidation establish that the parent company must present consolidated financial statements. The Brazilian National Financial System (SFN) allows foreign groups to have entities whose specific purpose is to complement the activities of their financial institutions. Nonetheless, if the only link among the Brazilian entities is the parent company located abroad, disclosing consolidated financial statements in Brazil is no longer mandatory. This procedure is in compliance with accounting standards, however, a crucial issue arises: users of accounting information have no access to the relationships among the Brazilian entities. Even if the parent company abroad discloses consolidated financial statements, they will certainly not be available in Portuguese. In addition, just as some accounting practices adopted in Brazil limit options included in the IFRS, other countries may also adapt accounting practices to their local markets. The accounting recognition is based on rules rather than on principles which determine the consolidation regardless of any equity interest. This study is an exploratory research aimed to investigate and reveal cases of nonconsolidation of subsidiaries from foreign groups in the SFN together with financial institutions supervised by the Central Bank of Brazil (BACEN) as well as absence of information on the relationship among entities belonging to a single economic group. To that end, we carried out a bibliographic research and sent out questionnaires to heads of accounting from 25 foreign groups in the SFN, so as to collect data for later analysis. We also used data from explanatory notes disclosed by these groups for the year ended 12/31/2010. The results demonstrate that the foreign groups hold subsidiaries in the country whose consolidation is carried out solely by the parent company abroad. We also observed that explanatory notes from related parties do not present sufficient information to determine the relationship among subsidiaries
As demonstrações contábeis consolidadas evidenciam a situação patrimonial de um grupo econômico, formado pela controladora e suas controladas e coligadas, como se essa fosse uma única entidade. As práticas contábeis adotadas no Brasil e as normas internacionais de contabilidade (IFRS), acerca da consolidação, determinam que a controladora deva elaborar as demonstrações contábeis consolidadas. Observa-se no Sistema Financeiro Nacional (SFN) que grupos estrangeiros possuem entidades com a finalidade específica de complementar às atividades de suas instituições financeiras. No entanto, se o único elo entre as entidades brasileiras for a controladora no exterior, não há a obrigatoriedade de divulgação de demonstrações contábeis consolidadas no Brasil. Tal procedimento está em conformidade com as normas contábeis, contudo traz um ponto de atenção, pois o usuário da informação contábil deixa de ter acesso aos relacionamentos entre tais entidades brasileiras. Ainda que a controladora no exterior divulgue demonstrações consolidadas, certamente não estarão acessíveis em língua portuguesa. Assim como algumas práticas contábeis adotadas no Brasil limitam opções contidas nos IFRS, é possível que outros países também façam adaptações das práticas contábeis para os respectivos mercados locais. O reconhecimento contábil está sendo feito com base na forma jurídica e não na essência econômica que determina a consolidação ainda que não haja participação societária. Este estudo é uma pesquisa exploratória, cujo objetivo foi investigar e evidenciar casos de não consolidação de subsidiárias de grupos estrangeiros no SFN em conjunto com as instituições financeiras supervisionadas pelo Banco Central do Brasil (BACEN) e a não apresentação do relacionamento entre as entidades no país de um único grupo econômico. Para tanto, efetuou-se um levantamento bibliográfico e posteriormente foram enviados questionários aos responsáveis pela contabilidade de 25 grupos estrangeiros do SFN, a fim de coletar dados para posterior análise. Utilizaram-se, concomitantemente, dados das notas explicativas divulgadas para o exercício findo em 31/12/2010. Os resultados comprovam que há grupos estrangeiros que possuem subsidiárias no país, cuja consolidação ocorre apenas por meio da controladora no exterior. Observou-se que as notas explicativas sobre partes relacionadas não trazem dados suficientes que permitam a associação entre as subsidiárias
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Alhazmi, Nada. "THE ANTIOXIDANT SULFORAPHANE (SFN) ELICITS IT'S CYTOTOXICITY BY INACTIVATING THE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PROTEIN (PML)." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1580474038127139.
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Dostal, Radek. "Plánování sítí pro digitální pozemní televizní a rozhlasové vysílání." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218745.
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Master’s thesis is focused on SFN (Single Frequency Network) and MFN (Multi Frequency Network) networks design in digital television broadcasting based on DVB-T standard and digital radio broadcasting based on T-DAB standard. First part of the thesis is focused on the theoretical description of the MPEG-2 TS transmission, its propagation from transmitter across free space, to be decoded in the DVB-T receiver. In the second, practical part of the thesis, basic parameters of a software package for broadcast network design in RadioLab, RadioBase and Sítě SFN are introduced and the results are displayed on the digital terrain map and morphologic map. Within solution of this thesis was created signal coverage model of DVB-T digital transmitters in entire area of the Czech Republic, so called networks no. 1-4, according to its status in spring 2010, and its future expansion, which is known from TPP (Technical Plan of Conversion) document. At the conclusion of thesis there were made experiments with the modeling of transmitters’ radiated power, guard interval selection and location of DVB-T transmitters in the SFN network.
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Glock, Henry Saute. "Metodologia para implantação de redes de frequência única Single Frequency Network – SFN em televisão digital." Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemas de Comunicação e Automação, 2016. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/742.
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This paper presents a methodology that includes the structure and the care needed to design and implement a Single Frequency Network (SFN), with the benefits of energy conservation, transmitted power, and optimization of coverage area. It shows the network synchronization options and how to adjust the converged signal coverage areas within a region, showing clearly that this technology is a good and safe technological investment option. It also contains a history of one of the greatest technological developments that has occurred, indicating their form and difficulty in analog times. In the theoretical review are evidenced the technical limitations and the actions towards building a new, modern and robust digital transmission technology
Neste trabalho é apresentada uma metodologia que contempla a estrutura e cuidados necessários para projetar e implantar uma Single Frequency Network (SFN), apresentando os benefícios da racionalização de energia, potência transmitida, e otimização das áreas de cobertura. Apresenta as opções de sincronismo de rede bem como ajustar as regiões de cobertura de sinais convergentes a uma mesma região, mostrando com clareza que a tecnologia é uma boa e segura opção de investimento tecnológico. Também contém um histórico de um dos maiores desenvolvimentos tecnológicos já ocorridos, indicando sua forma e dificuldades em épocas analógicas. Na revisão teórica são é evidenciado o porquê das limitações técnicas até então existentes bem como as ações rumo a construção de uma nova, moderna e robusta tecnologia de transmissão digital
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Carvalho, Silvio Renato Messias de 1960. "Utilização da rede SFN para expansão da rede de retransmissão regional da TV digital aberta terrestre." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260063.
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Orientador: Yuzo IanoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e Computação
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta para as redes retransmissoras de TV aberta que pode ser implantada com o advento da TV digital no Brasil, baseada em modulações utilizando sistemas COFDM. Diferentemente do sistema tradicional que se baseia na retransmissão em multifreqüência (MFN), a proposta aqui descrita propõe o uso de uma rede em freqüência única (SFN) para a retransmissão. O ponto inicial é a atual rede com múltiplos canais de retransmissão analógicos existente. Sua cobertura deverá ser replicada pela nova rede em um único canal onde trafega uma determinada programação de uma emissora de TV. A modificação proposta apresenta vantagens para as emissoras de televisão que possuam redes de retransmissão destinadas a ampliar sua cobertura em uma área regional com várias cidades, obtendo um ambiente de rede muito mais controlado e seguro. O trabalho apresenta simulações de cobertura mostrando que a possibilidade de trabalhar com redes SFN surge como uma alternativa mais rápida de viabilização da TV Digital para o interior do Brasil
Abstract: This work presents an approach to the network relay station for free broadcasting television that may constructed with the future digital television in Brazil based on COFDM modulation. Differently of the traditional system, the network relay in multi frequencies (MFN), the proposal here described considers the use of a net in only one frequency (SFN) for the network relay. The initial point is the current network with multiple analogical channels of existing network relay. Its covering will have to be talked back by the new net in an unique channel where only one TV programming passes through. The modification proposal presents advantages for the network relay broadcasting television destined to extend its covering in a local area with some cities being gotten environment of a much more controlled and safe net. The work presents covering simulation showing that the possibility to work with nets SFN appears as a faster alternative of accomplishment of the Digital TV for the regional area of Brazil
Mestrado
Telecomunicações e Telemática
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Tormos, Mokhtar. "Proposition, modélisation et évaluation d'un réseau SFN-MISO pour l'optimisation de la diffusion TNT au standard DVB-T2." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0398.
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La deuxième génération de la norme de la Télévision Numérique Terrestre (DVB-T2), abréviation de «Digital Video Broadcasting-second generation», a été publiée par l'European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI-EN 302 755) en avril 2009. Elle correspond à une extension de la norme DVB-T actuellement en cours dédiée à la diffusion de la Télévision Numérique Terrestre (TNT). La technologie DVB-T2 a vocation de satisfaire les besoins des diffuseurs terrestres qui désirent, soit de proposer des services numériques inédits lors de l'extinction de la TV analogique (plusieurs programmes TVHD multiplexés), soit d'améliorer la réception sur des téléviseurs portables à l'intérieur des bâtiments ou sur des récepteurs embarqués à bord de véhicules. La norme DVB-T2 est basée sur des principes permettant de mettre en oeuvre des réseaux SFN (Single Frequency Network). Plus précisément, des réseaux de diffusion composés de plusieurs émetteurs et diffusant sur une même fréquence un même signal avec des délais maitrisés. De plus, cette norme DVB-T2 intègre un mécanisme de codage Spatio-fréquentiel de type MISO (Multiple Input Single Output). Ce mode de codage doit améliorer les performances en termes de qualité de réception, du réseau de diffusion par rapport à des réseaux SFN à deux émetteurs, couramment utilisés dans la norme DVB-T. Cependant, à ce jour il y a peu d'évaluations réelles de l'apport d'une diffusion MISO à base de deux antennes et aucune évaluation d'une diffusion MISO dans un réseau SFN à trois ou plusieurs émetteurs. C'est dans ce contexte que se situent ces travaux de thèse. Plus particulièrement, il s'agit d'évaluer les performances des diffusions permettant dans la norme DVB-T2. Parmi les objectifs des travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit, il y a l'exploration et l'évaluation de l'apport d'une solution MISO Alamouti dans un réseau de diffusion combiné ou non à un réseau de type SFN. Nous proposons une nouvelle modélisation d'un réseau au standard DVB-T2 que l'on désigne comme un réseau SFN-MISO. Plusieurs études et résultats de simulation pour des réceptions fixes ou mobiles, ainsi que des analyses détaillées sur les performances d'une distribution MISO Alamouti dans un réseau à fréquence unique (SFN) pour un nombre variable de cas d'antennes, de codage et de modulation, sont donnés. Une exploration et évaluation d'une diversité MISO de type Tarokh est également étudiée et comparée à une approche MISO Alamouti. Le but est de déterminer et d?évaluer les réseaux de diffusion au standard DVB-T2 permettant de nouvelles méthodes de déploiement, de supervision et de diagnostics qui doivent conduire à une meilleure qualité de réception TNT tant fixe que mobileThe second generation of the Digital Terrestrial Television standard (DVB-T2) called "Digital Video Broadcasting-second generation", was published by ETSI (EN 302,755) in April 2009. This new standard is an extension of the DVB-T which is currently used for the broadcast of digital terrestrial television. The DVB-T2 is intended to meet the requirements of terrestrial broadcasters in order to either offer novel digital services after turning off the analogue TV (several HDTV programs by one multiplex) or improve the indoor portable reception of TVs and embedded receivers in vehicles. Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) is based on SFN (Single Frequency Network) Networks. More precisely, broadcasting networks based on several transmitters which transmit on the same frequency the similar signal with controlled delays. In addition, the standard DVB-T2 proposes an encoding Space-frequency mechanism of type MISO (Multiple Input Single Output). This method of encoding provides improved performance over SFN based on two transmitters. However, there are few real evaluations of the benefit to use a MISO broadcast based on two antennas, and no evaluations of MISO in SFN network based on three and more transmitters. In this context, the works carred out in this thesis consists of evaluating the performances of the different types of broadcasting modes allowed in the standard DVB-T2. Among the objectives, the different types of networks presented in this manuscript, are to explore as far as possible the contribution of solution MISO Alamouti combined or not with SFN broadcast networks. To achieve that, we have proposed a new modeling of DVB-T2 broadcast networks. Several simulation results for fixed and mobile receptions, and detailed performance analysis of the Alamouti diversity in a Single Frequency Network (SFN) for different numbers of antennas, coding and modulation are obtained. Exploration of the MISO-Tarokh technique is also studied and compared with MISO-Alamouti in order to determine and evaluate networks allowing new methods of deployment, monitoring and diagnostic suitable for efficient fixed and mobile terrestrial broadcasting reception
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Tormos, Mokhtar. "Proposition, modélisation et évaluation d'un réseau SFN-MISO pour l'optimisation de la diffusion TNT au standard DVB-T2." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0398.
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La deuxième génération de la norme de la Télévision Numérique Terrestre (DVB-T2), abréviation de «Digital Video Broadcasting-second generation», a été publiée par l'European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI-EN 302 755) en avril 2009. Elle correspond à une extension de la norme DVB-T actuellement en cours dédiée à la diffusion de la Télévision Numérique Terrestre (TNT). La technologie DVB-T2 a vocation de satisfaire les besoins des diffuseurs terrestres qui désirent, soit de proposer des services numériques inédits lors de l'extinction de la TV analogique (plusieurs programmes TVHD multiplexés), soit d'améliorer la réception sur des téléviseurs portables à l'intérieur des bâtiments ou sur des récepteurs embarqués à bord de véhicules. La norme DVB-T2 est basée sur des principes permettant de mettre en oeuvre des réseaux SFN (Single Frequency Network). Plus précisément, des réseaux de diffusion composés de plusieurs émetteurs et diffusant sur une même fréquence un même signal avec des délais maitrisés. De plus, cette norme DVB-T2 intègre un mécanisme de codage Spatio-fréquentiel de type MISO (Multiple Input Single Output). Ce mode de codage doit améliorer les performances en termes de qualité de réception, du réseau de diffusion par rapport à des réseaux SFN à deux émetteurs, couramment utilisés dans la norme DVB-T. Cependant, à ce jour il y a peu d'évaluations réelles de l'apport d'une diffusion MISO à base de deux antennes et aucune évaluation d'une diffusion MISO dans un réseau SFN à trois ou plusieurs émetteurs. C'est dans ce contexte que se situent ces travaux de thèse. Plus particulièrement, il s'agit d'évaluer les performances des diffusions permettant dans la norme DVB-T2. Parmi les objectifs des travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit, il y a l'exploration et l'évaluation de l'apport d'une solution MISO Alamouti dans un réseau de diffusion combiné ou non à un réseau de type SFN. Nous proposons une nouvelle modélisation d'un réseau au standard DVB-T2 que l'on désigne comme un réseau SFN-MISO. Plusieurs études et résultats de simulation pour des réceptions fixes ou mobiles, ainsi que des analyses détaillées sur les performances d'une distribution MISO Alamouti dans un réseau à fréquence unique (SFN) pour un nombre variable de cas d'antennes, de codage et de modulation, sont donnés. Une exploration et évaluation d'une diversité MISO de type Tarokh est également étudiée et comparée à une approche MISO Alamouti. Le but est de déterminer et d?évaluer les réseaux de diffusion au standard DVB-T2 permettant de nouvelles méthodes de déploiement, de supervision et de diagnostics qui doivent conduire à une meilleure qualité de réception TNT tant fixe que mobileThe second generation of the Digital Terrestrial Television standard (DVB-T2) called "Digital Video Broadcasting-second generation", was published by ETSI (EN 302,755) in April 2009. This new standard is an extension of the DVB-T which is currently used for the broadcast of digital terrestrial television. The DVB-T2 is intended to meet the requirements of terrestrial broadcasters in order to either offer novel digital services after turning off the analogue TV (several HDTV programs by one multiplex) or improve the indoor portable reception of TVs and embedded receivers in vehicles. Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) is based on SFN (Single Frequency Network) Networks. More precisely, broadcasting networks based on several transmitters which transmit on the same frequency the similar signal with controlled delays. In addition, the standard DVB-T2 proposes an encoding Space-frequency mechanism of type MISO (Multiple Input Single Output). This method of encoding provides improved performance over SFN based on two transmitters. However, there are few real evaluations of the benefit to use a MISO broadcast based on two antennas, and no evaluations of MISO in SFN network based on three and more transmitters. In this context, the works carred out in this thesis consists of evaluating the performances of the different types of broadcasting modes allowed in the standard DVB-T2. Among the objectives, the different types of networks presented in this manuscript, are to explore as far as possible the contribution of solution MISO Alamouti combined or not with SFN broadcast networks. To achieve that, we have proposed a new modeling of DVB-T2 broadcast networks. Several simulation results for fixed and mobile receptions, and detailed performance analysis of the Alamouti diversity in a Single Frequency Network (SFN) for different numbers of antennas, coding and modulation are obtained. Exploration of the MISO-Tarokh technique is also studied and compared with MISO-Alamouti in order to determine and evaluate networks allowing new methods of deployment, monitoring and diagnostic suitable for efficient fixed and mobile terrestrial broadcasting reception
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Saeed, Munawar. "Transmitter Macrodiversity in Multihop Sensor Networks." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Information Technology and Media, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-11334.
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Wireless Sensor Network is an emerging technology that has applicationsin Wireless Actuators, remote controlling, distribution of softwareupdates and distribution of parameters to sensor nodes. This projectwork basically covers the concept of macro-diversity. This is a situationin which several transmitters are used for transferring the same signal (inmulti-hop sensor networks) to check the increase in connected nodes orin network coverage. Transmitter macro-diversity increases the receivedsignal strength and thus increases the signal-to-noise ratio which resultsin a lower outage probability. To accomplish this task three differentstrategies have been simulated using thirteen different cases. Broadcastingis used when forming SFN of size one (strategy one) and uni-castingis used for forming SFNs of size two (strategy two) and size three (strategythree).In this project reference material has been gathered frombooks, journals and web sources; and MATLAB has been used as thesimulation tool in which codes are written in the M programming language.The algorithm works firstly by discovering all the nodes that areconnected directly with the Base Station through multi-hoping, afterwhich the second algorithm is applied to check how many more nodescan be reached by forming SFNs. A gain of up to 79% was observedusing strategy one and strategy two and up to 83% in strategy three.The results shows that strategy one (Forming SFNs using BroadcastingTechnique) is the best as more nodes can be reached (for different cases)than for the other two strategies (forming SFNs using uni-casting technique).
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Nteka, Eduardo Álvaro Calangui. "Importância do mercado de capitais para o desenvolvimento da economia angolana." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10182.
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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisO presente estudo tem por objectivo dar a conhecer, o processo de institucionalização do mercado de capitais em Angola, a luz do processo de reestruturação e modernização do Sistema Financeiro Nacional (SFN), permitindo assim identificar os principais factores e os grandes eixos que afectarão a evolução e desenvolvimento do sistema financeiro angolano, é sem dúvida, um passo significativo para o funcionamento regular e eficiente do mercado de capitais em Angola. No entanto, o eficiente funcionamento do mercado de capitais angolano dependerá da qualidade e autenticidade da informação difundida, pois, não será possível promover e desenvolver adequadamente o mercado de capitais angolano sem ter em conta estes aspectos de extrema importância.
The present study aims to raise awareness about the process of institutionalization of capital markets in Angola, the light of the restructuring and modernization process of the National Financial System (SFN), thus allowing to identify the main factors and the great axles at will affect the evolution and development of the Angolan financial system; it is, undoubtedly, a significant step towards the regular and efficient operation of the capital markets in Angola. However, the efficient operation of the Angolan capital market will depend on the quality and authenticity of the information disseminated, as it won?t be possible to adequately promote and develop the Angolan capital market without taking into account these aspects of the utmost importance.
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Bilbao, Héctor Uhalte. "DAB Transmission System Simulation." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2595.
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DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) is the radio digital system developed as an european standard by the ETSI, EN 300 400, based on the Eureka-147 group works, to improve the performance of the analogue radio systems (AM and FM). The system is based on the OFDM technology which allows DAB to exploit the spectrum frequencies in a better way with a higher quality of sound for mobile receivers specially. The main part of the OFDM system is based on the FFT algorithms to spread the data flow over different orthogonal carriers. The simulation has been developed in SimulinkTMand MatlabTMand the layout designed follows faithfully the standard for the transmission system. The simulation can be reloaded by the user with the information presented in this thesis. Thus, this work can be continued to complete the DAB whole system simulation. The results obtained running this simulation show the main DAB system characteristics.
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Mahdi, Rafid, and Pontus Tobiasson. "An experimental verification of single-frequency networks in multi-hop ad hoc networks." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informations- och kommunikationssystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-27968.
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A multi-hop ad hoc network requires no infrastructure, like base stations or routers to function. This means that it can quickly be deployed and in movement, making it ideal for scenarios like natural disasters or battlefield communication. A single-frequency network (SFN) is the idea that transmitters can cooperate to send the same signals simultaneously over the same frequency channel, such that the signals are amplified. It was previously proposed that SFNs could be created in multi-hop ad hoc networks. According to simulations, this could improve the energy consumption, signal reachability, and data transfer rate. As this has only been simulated, the purpose of this project is to experimentally verify that SFN is attainable in a multi-hop ad hoc network, and to assess what the difficulties are of an actual implementation. The method involved synchronizing the transmission of two devices operating under the 802.11a standard. A multi-hop ad hoc network was created by changing the settings of the network interface cards. The devices used were mainly laptops and transmissions were monitored in Wireshark. The laptops were forced to send on one frequency channel to make interference possible, and identical packets were sent. Experiments were made to assess whether SFN was attained. The packet loss rate and distance were used to evaluate the results. The results suggest that a synchronized transmission off by less than 2 μs was attained. However, the error of these measurements were neither known nor approximable. This meant it was hard to know when a SFN was formed. The results indicate that SFN was attained, as the packet loss rate decreased significantly when employed. The effectiveness of SFN was hard to assess because the results were not comparable with the simulation values. The difficulty of an actual implementation is deemed to be the synchronization of transmissions.
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Bedoui, Akram. "Méthodes algorithmiques pour l'optimisation mono-objectif et multi-objectif : application aux réseaux de radiodiffusion." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0135.
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Ma thèse porte sur la configuration dynamique de réseaux de communication radio vérifiant un certain nombre de contraintes (ou objectifs) et l'utilisation, si possible optimale, de l'ensemble des fréquences disponibles à un instant donné. C'est un problème NP-difficile dont l'enjeu économique est important pour l'entreprise TDF. J'ai construit et mis en œuvre des méta-heuristiques hybrides originales pour résoudre ce type de problème et assurer la meilleure qualité de service (QoS) possible. Les fréquences étant une denrée rare et chère, on peut se demander si, pendant un certain temps, une seule fréquence ne suffirait pas pour couvrir les besoins d'un secteur géographique donné. Ceci permettrait d'utiliser les autres fréquences pour d'autres applications. C'est le principe de base des réseaux SFN (Single Frequency Network) qui nécessitent l'optimisation des délais de transmission, le regroupement de certains émetteurs pour construire un tel réseau et le choix de la fréquence à allouer. Du point de vue informatique, il s'agit de réaliser simultanément plusieurs optimisations. La structure d'un réseau SFN doit être ajustable au cours du temps. J'ai développé un logiciel qui réalise ces opérations, à savoir : - sélection des émetteurs pour construire des réseaux (i.e. plaques) SFN, - optimisation des écarts de transmission dans chaque SFN, - choix de la meilleure fréquence possible pour chaque SFN. Les performances de ces algorithmes sont comparées avec la QoS des plans de fréquences utilisés en France et des pays voisins. Les résultats obtenus sont encourageantsThe purpose of my thesis is the dynamic construction of radio communication networks subject to multiple constraints and the optimal (if possible) use of the set of available frequencies at time t. This is an NP-Hard problem with important economical issues. I have designed and used original hybrid meta-heuristics for solving this kind of problems and providing the best possible QoS. Frequencies are rare and expansive therefore we can ask if a single frequency would not be enough, for a while, in order to cover the needs of a given geographical area. This would allow the use of the remaining frequencies for other applications. This is the principle of Single Frequency Networks (SFN) which necessitate the simultaneous optimization of transmission delays, of the allocated frequency and of their design. I have designed an original and e_cient software which performs these operations. We give experimental results for real benchmarks provided by TDF
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Cholaraju, Narasaraju Vignesh. "Impact of Extended DRX Cycles on Battery Lifetimes and UE Reachability." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-196959.
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Several UE energy consumption optimization techniques have been proposed for Machine Type Communication (MTC) devices. Extended Discontinuous Reception (eDRX) in idle mode is one such technique wherein an UE in idle mode wakes up only during its Paging Occasion (PO) to monitor paging messages from eNodeB (eNB). The PO is located within a Paging frame (PF). The PF is a function of System Frame Number (SFN) cycle of eNB. The paging messages may be sent asynchronously from multiple eNBs to a UE. Due to asynchronous operation of eNBs, SFN takes on different values at a given point in time and therefore a paging message is transmitted at different points in time from different eNBs. Due to this SFN misalignment between eNBs, an idle mode UE might receive and respond to the same paging message from different eNBs and/or miss a PO and thus the paging message. Due to this spread in time of SFN and PO, the actual handling of paging message by the UE becomes inefficient leading to increased UE energy consumption and decreased reachability. These issues, resulting from paging handling, will get amplified further if DRX period is extended longer (eDRX). In this study, we investigate the impact of eDRX cycles and mobility related parameters such as UE speed, cell size and size of SFN misalignment between eNBs on UE energy consumption, use of network resources and UE reachability. Receiving and responding to the same paging message results in increased energy consumption for UE and increased signaling between UE and the network. Missing a PO results in delayed paging reception and hence decreases UE reachability. As the DRX cycle lengths are increased from existing maximum of 2.56 seconds to 10.24 seconds and beyond, we see a reduction in UE energy consumption by more than 90%, but the network signaling and the delay to reach the UE increases linearly as a function of the DRX cycle length. We observe that the number of duplicate paging message receptions/missed POs is minuscule for DRX cycle lengths below 10.24 sec. At DRX cycle length of 10.24 seconds, UEs travelling across 500 m cell radius at speeds of 3, 50, 100 km/h the percentage of duplicate paging receptions are 0.07, 0.11, and 0.15 respectively. This duplicate paging message reception increases the UE energy consumption by 2.31, 6.15 and 12 percent of the total energy units respectively. Similarly, UE misses nearly 0.34, 0.39, and 0.405 percent of the total POs respectively. Depending on the number of consecutive PO misses, the UE reachability decreases. But by reducing the size of SFN misalignment between eNBs, we see that it’s possible to increase the reachability for UEs in eDRX. Further we have proposed solutions based on our analytical study to avoid duplicate paging message reception by UE, increase UE reachability and also reduce UE energy consumption using a windowing technique. We conclude that when a UE is configured with eDRX cycles, the tradeoff between battery lifetimes and UE reachability is based on mobility characteristics and service requirements.
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Tacini, Adalberto. "Análise da contribuição do planejamento por cenários no gerenciamento do risco de estratégia dos bancos no Brasil: um estudo de caso." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1123.
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-09Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The increased complexity in the economic and financial environment all over the world rose the uncertainty level for financial institutions and the National Financial System (SFN). In this context, the Central Bank (Banco Central do Brasil - BCB), responsible for authorizing, regulating and intervening in the banking market, along with other countries, requires that banks in Brazil prepare a management Strategy Risk within the capital managing process. This work aims to analyze the contribution of a management strategy technique, scenario planning, in the management of the risks. It is a relevant study because of bank strategic role in the economy and the importance of strategy management risks for SFN. This research has a qualitative and exploratory nature, uses case study methodology and aims the comprehension of an organizational phenomenal. It is supported by Administrational Paradigms and by Gareth Morgan s model. It also utilizes a historical analysis on the SFN and the Brazilian Banking Market. As a result, we observe that planning for scenarios, among other forms, contributes with the risk management strategy as (i) makes the decision-making process more qualified by considering different futures alternatives, (ii) makes the perception of risk inherent in decisions made clearer when organizing and delimit the uncertainties of the business environment and (iii) benefits to senior management by anticipation of possible significant variations in the business environment
O aumento da complexidade no ambiente econômico e financeiro em todo o mundo proporcionou elevação nos níveis de incertezas aos quais estão sujeitas as instituições financeiras e todo o Sistema Financeiro Nacional (SFN). Nesse contexto, o Banco Central brasileiro, responsável por normatizar, autorizar, fiscalizar e intervir no mercado bancário, em linha com autoridades monetárias de outros países, passa a exigir que os bancos no Brasil realizem gerenciamento de Risco de Estratégia, dentro de um processo de gerenciamento de capital. Tendo em vista esse cenário, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a contribuição de uma técnica de gestão da estratégia, o planejamento por cenários, no gerenciamento desse risco nos bancos no Brasil, justificando-se, dentre outros motivos, pela função estratégica exercida pelos bancos na economia do país e pela relevância do gerenciamento de riscos de estratégia para o SFN. Esta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa e exploratória, utiliza-se da metodologia estudo de caso visando o entendimento de um fenômeno social organizacional, apoiado pela análise dos fundamentos teóricos acerca dos Paradigmas da Administração e do modelo paradigmático de Gareth Morgan, da Gestão de Estratégia, do Planejamento por Cenários, do Risco de Estratégia, além de uma análise histórica acerca do SFN e do Mercado Bancário brasileiro. Como resultado, observa-se que o planejamento por cenários, dentre outras formas, contribui com o gerenciamento de risco de estratégia à medida que (i) torna o processo de decisão mais qualificado por considerar alternativas de futuros diferentes, (ii) torna a percepção de risco inerente às decisões tomadas mais clara ao organizar e delimitar as incertezas do ambiente de negócios e (iii) beneficia a alta administração pela antecipação a possíveis variações significativas no ambiente de negócios
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Dantas, D??rio Daniel. "Percep????o da gest??o dos riscos banc??rios frente aos Acordos de Basileia sob a ??tica dos gestores de riscos e auditores internos de uma institui????o financeira nacional." Universidade Cat??lica de Bras??lia, 2016. https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/handle/tede/2094.
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This research aims to investigate the effects of the Basel agreements on the control of banking risks to maintain the stability and health of the National Financial System, from the perspective of risk managers and internal auditors of a national financial institution. Seeking to protect the system of negative results arising from the risks inherent in their activities, Governor, Central Bank of Brazil, coordinates and regulates the implementation of practices and methodologies disclosed in the Basel agreements. Thus, they will discuss the stages of strategic planning and risk management in the Brazilian financial institutions.
A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar os efeitos dos acordos de Basileia no controle dos riscos banc??rios para manter a estabilidade e sa??de do Sistema Financeiro Nacional - SFN, sob a ??tica dos gestores de riscos e auditores internos de uma institui????o financeira nacional. Buscando proteger o sistema dos resultados negativos advindos dos riscos inerentes ??s suas atividades, o regulador, Banco Central do Brasil ??? Bacen, coordena e normatiza a implementa????o das pr??ticas e metodologias divulgadas nos acordos de Basileia. Assim, ser??o abordadas as etapas do planejamento estrat??gico e gest??o dos riscos nas institui????es financeiras brasileiras.
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Harrod, Steven B., Ryan T. Lacy, Jun Zhu, Benjamin A. Hughes, Marla K. Perna, and Russell W. Brown. "Gestational IV Nicotine Produces Elevated Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine System of Adolescent Rat Offspring." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.20975.
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Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with enduring psychopathology, such as increased likelihood of substance use, in offspring. Various animal models demonstrate that continuous nicotine exposure produces teratogenic effects in offspring, as well. In this experiment, a novel intravenous (IV) exposure model was used to determine if gestational nicotine (GN) treatment produced alterations in methamphetamine-induced sensitization and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system of adolescent offspring. Dams were injected with IV saline or nicotine (0.05 mg/kg/injection) three times per day on gestational days 8-21. Habituation was measured on postnatal day (PND) 25-27 and baseline activity on PND 28. On PND 29-35, offspring were injected with saline or methamphetamine (0.3 mg/kg) and locomotor activity was measured after the first and seventh injections. On PND 36, brains were removed, flash frozen, and BDNF protein levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), dorsal striatum (Str), frontal cortex (FC), and hippocampus (Hipp) were analyzed. GN did not affect habituation or the induction of methamphetamine-induced sensitization. Interestingly, GN, but not adolescent methamphetamine treatment, elevated levels of BDNF in the NAcc and Str; however, the GN-induced increase in BDNF in the FC was attenuated by adolescent methamphetamine treatment. Both GN and adolescent methamphetamine treatment increased BDNF in the Hipp. These findings indicate that GN exposure will result in increased levels of BDNF protein throughout the mesocorticolimbic DA system during adolescent development and suggests that methamphetamine abuse will modulate the expression of BDNF in motivational circuitries of adolescent offspring exposed to GN.
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Cope, Zackary A., Kimberly N. Huggins, A. Brianna Sheppard, Daniel M. Noel, David S. Roane, and Russell W. Brown. "Neonatal Quinpirole Treatment Enhances Locomotor Activation and Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens Core in Response to Amphetamine Treatment in Adulthood." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.20729.
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Neonatal quinpirole treatment to rats produces long-term increases in D(2) receptor sensitivity that persists throughout the animal's lifetime, a phenomenon referred to as D(2) priming. Male and female Sprague-dawley rats were administered quinpirole (1 mg kg(-1)) or saline from postnatal days (P)1-11. At P60, all animals were given an injection of quinpirole (100 microg kg(-1)), and results showed that rats neonatally treated with quinpirole demonstrated enhanced yawning in response to quinprole, verifying D(2) receptor priming because yawning is a D(2) receptor mediated event. Beginning 1-3 days later, locomotor sensitization was tested through administration of d-amphetamine (1 mg kg(-1)) or saline every other day over 14 days, and horizontal activity and turning behavior were analyzed. Findings indicated that D(2)-priming enhanced horizontal activity in response to amphetamine in females compared to males at Days 1 and 4 of locomotor sensitization testing, and D(2)-priming enhanced turning in response to amphetamine. Seven to ten days after sensitization was complete, microdialysis of the NAcc core was performed using a cumulative dosing regimen of amphetamine (0.1-3.0 mg kg(-1)). D(2)-primed rats administered amphetamine demonstrated a 500% increase in accumbal DA overflow compared to control rats administered amphetamine. Additionally, amphetamine produced a significant increase in NE overflow compared to controls, but this was unaffected by D(2) priming. These results indicate that D(2) receptor priming as is produced by neonatal quinpirole treatment robustly enhances behavioral activation and accumbal DA overflow in response to amphetamine, which may underlie increases in psychostimulant use and abuse within the psychotic population where increased D(2) receptor sensitivity is a hallmark.
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Correll, Jennifer A., Daniel M. Noel, A. Brianna Sheppard, Kimberly N. Thompson, Yi Li, Deling Yin, and Russell W. Brown. "Nicotine Sensitization and Analysis of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Adolescent Beta-Arrestin-2 Knockout Mice." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.20625.
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Nicotine sensitization and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were analyzed in adolescent beta-arrestin-2 knockout (betaA-2 KO) and wild type (WT) mice. The beta-arrestin-2 protein has been shown to be important in G-protein hydrolysis and receptor internalization. Four- to five-week-old adolescent betaA-2 KO and WT C57/Bl6 mice were administered either nicotine (0.5 mg/kg free base) or saline 10 min before being placed into a locomotor arena on each of 7 (Experiment 1) or 14 (Experiment 2) consecutive days. A nicotine challenge was given 7 days after sensitization was complete. In Experiment 1, betaA-2 KO mice administered nicotine or saline and WT mice administered nicotine demonstrated significant hypoactivity during early in testing, and neither WT nor betaA-2 KO mice administered nicotine demonstrated sensitization. On the nicotine challenge, WT mice administered nicotine demonstrated significantly higher activity levels compared to all groups, and this same group demonstrated significantly higher levels of accumbal BDNF compared to all groups. In Experiment 2, betaA-2 KO mice were again hypoactive compared to WT mice, whereas WT mice administered nicotine demonstrated significant hypoactivity during initial testing and significantly higher levels of activity compared to all other groups late in testing. On the nicotine challenge, WT mice that received nicotine demonstrated a significant increase in activity compared to all groups, and showed increased accumbal BDNF compared to all groups. These results show that the beta-arrestin-2 protein is important in induction and expression of nicotine sensitization as well as nicotine's effects on accumbal BDNF.
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Brown, Russell W., Marla K. Perna, Tori L. Schaefer, and Michael T. Williams. "The Effects of Adulthood Nicotine Treatment on D2-Mediated Behavior and Neurotrophins of Rats Neonatally Treated with Quinpirole." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.20237.
Full textAbstract:
This study was designed to analyze the effects of nicotine on yawning behavior and neurotrophin content in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of D2-receptor primed female adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were neonatally treated with quinpirole, a dopamine (DA) D2/D3 agonist, from postnatal day 1-21 (P1-21) and raised to P60 and administered nicotine tartarate (0.3 mg/kg free base) or saline twice daily for 14 days. One day after nicotine treatment had ceased, the number of yawns was recorded for 1 h in response to an acute injection of quinpirole (i.p., 100 microg/kg). Yawning is a D2-receptor mediated event. D2-primed rats demonstrated a significant increase in yawning in response to acute quinpirole compared with that of controls, but nicotine did not alleviate this effect. Neonatal quinpirole treatment produced a significant decrease of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus that was alleviated by adulthood nicotine treatment. Interestingly, nicotine treatment to controls produced a significant increase of NGF in the frontal cortex, but a significant decrease of both NGF and BDNF in the hippocampus and BDNF in the frontal cortex. The decreases shown in NGF and BDNF is contrary to past findings that have shown nicotine to produce significant increases of hippocampal NGF and BDNF, but these past studies utilized male rats or mice or were performed in vitro. This study shows that nicotine has complex interactions with NGF and BDNF in D2-primed and control animals, and emphasizes the importance of gender differences when analyzing nicotine's effects on neurotrophins.
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Voladri, Ranjith Reddy. "IP Multicasting over DVB-T/T2/H and eMBMS using PARPS : Effect of the number of transmitters." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informations- och kommunikationssystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-19990.
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With the advancement in the current wireless technology standards such as terrestrial digital video broadcasting systems (DVB-T, DVB-T2, and DVB-H) and the massive usage of the Internet over mobile devices, streaming of television channels in smart phones has become a necessary advancement for mobile users. As, UMTS dominating the entire mobile market globally and with the evolution of LTE, several mobile operators are working on an MBMS framework which will help to launch mobile TV services on respective operators. This paper deals with terrestrial and mobile TV with IP multicasting and broadcasting and is aimed to improve system spectral efficiency. With the help of IP multicasting, the base station can be able to provide with significantly less spectrum by saving it from the channels which the user is not viewing currently. This case is analysed from several sets, called schemes of resource plan sets. The transmitter scheduling is dealt with by means of a Packet and Resource Plan Scheduling (PARPS) algorithm, and the simulated results are plotted in Matlab which assists in analysing the efficiency in the spectrum management and the coverage probability for the number of transmitters used for each scheme. The schemes are simulated in Matlab for different number of transmitters (2-7) in both the static and random model. The SFN schemes are offering greater coverage probability than MFN schemes, in all cases. Multicasting over Continuous Transmission Dynamic Single Frequency Network (CT-DSFN) offers a 1342% and 582% gain in Multi-user System Spectral Efficiency (MSSE) for 7 transmitters, from Broadcasting over MFN and Broadcasting over SFN respectively. For 7 transmitters, Multicasting over CT-DSFN offers a 1213% and 428% gain in System Spectral Efficiency (SSE) from Broadcasting over MFN and Broadcasting over SFN respectively.
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Bedoui, Akram. "Méthodes algorithmiques pour l'optimisation mono-objectif et multi-objectif : application aux réseaux de radiodiffusion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0135.
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Ma thèse porte sur la configuration dynamique de réseaux de communication radio vérifiant un certain nombre de contraintes (ou objectifs) et l'utilisation, si possible optimale, de l'ensemble des fréquences disponibles à un instant donné. C'est un problème NP-difficile dont l'enjeu économique est important pour l'entreprise TDF. J'ai construit et mis en œuvre des méta-heuristiques hybrides originales pour résoudre ce type de problème et assurer la meilleure qualité de service (QoS) possible. Les fréquences étant une denrée rare et chère, on peut se demander si, pendant un certain temps, une seule fréquence ne suffirait pas pour couvrir les besoins d'un secteur géographique donné. Ceci permettrait d'utiliser les autres fréquences pour d'autres applications. C'est le principe de base des réseaux SFN (Single Frequency Network) qui nécessitent l'optimisation des délais de transmission, le regroupement de certains émetteurs pour construire un tel réseau et le choix de la fréquence à allouer. Du point de vue informatique, il s'agit de réaliser simultanément plusieurs optimisations. La structure d'un réseau SFN doit être ajustable au cours du temps. J'ai développé un logiciel qui réalise ces opérations, à savoir : - sélection des émetteurs pour construire des réseaux (i.e. plaques) SFN, - optimisation des écarts de transmission dans chaque SFN, - choix de la meilleure fréquence possible pour chaque SFN. Les performances de ces algorithmes sont comparées avec la QoS des plans de fréquences utilisés en France et des pays voisins. Les résultats obtenus sont encourageantsThe purpose of my thesis is the dynamic construction of radio communication networks subject to multiple constraints and the optimal (if possible) use of the set of available frequencies at time t. This is an NP-Hard problem with important economical issues. I have designed and used original hybrid meta-heuristics for solving this kind of problems and providing the best possible QoS. Frequencies are rare and expansive therefore we can ask if a single frequency would not be enough, for a while, in order to cover the needs of a given geographical area. This would allow the use of the remaining frequencies for other applications. This is the principle of Single Frequency Networks (SFN) which necessitate the simultaneous optimization of transmission delays, of the allocated frequency and of their design. I have designed an original and e_cient software which performs these operations. We give experimental results for real benchmarks provided by TDF
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Nazar, Ashraf. "Analfabeters hinder och möjligheter i sin SFI-utbildning." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-51575.
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Syftet med studien var att undersöka elevers erfarenheter av hinder och möjligheter i sin SFI-utbildning med särskilt fokus på det stöd de fick till utvecklingen av sin läs- och skrivförmåga utifrån ramfaktorteorin. För att besvara detta användes en kvalitativ forskningsmetod där fem intervjuer genomfördes med nyanlända SFI-elever som saknar tidigare läs- och skrivkunskaper. Tematisk analys användes vid analys av data. Studien resulterade i fyra kategorier av möjligheter; bra lärare som förklarar och instruerar, stöd till studieteknik och tydliga inlärningssätt, stöd till språkutveckling och integration, individuellt stöd. Samt sex kategorier av hinder: allt för begränsad tid, allt för blandade grupper med väldigt blandade behov, bristande resurser och orättvis anpassning till vissa elevers modersmål, distraktion på grund av andra språk som talas under undervisning, undervisningsmetod som inte fungerar och passar eleverna och tydliga uppgifter och direktiv. Dessa tolkades sedan med stöd av ramfaktorteorin. Det konstaterades att den här elevgruppen upplevde att de bör vara en egen studiegrupp för att få det stöd och planering som uppfyller deras behov.
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López, Sánchez Jaime. "Transmisión Eficiente de Servicios Fijos/Móviles y Servicios Locales en Redes de Televisión Digital Terrestre de Primera y Segunda Generación." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/35134.
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El objetivo principal del proyecto de tesis doctoral es proponer y evaluar soluciones técnicas compatibles con la familia de estándares DVB diseñados para redes TDT que permitan por un lado, la transmisión simultánea de contenidos de TV a receptores fijos y móviles en configuraciones de red con alta capacidad de transmisión, y por otro lado la e ficiente provisión de contenidos locales en topologías SFN. Esta propuesta de tesis está dividida en tres secciones. La primera sección consiste en una revisión del estado del arte respecto a la planificación y diseño de redes de TDT que utilizan los estándares DVB, las soluciones propuestas e implementadas a día de hoy para la provisión de contenidos de TV digital a terminales móviles a través de las infraestructuras de TDT; así como las técnicas de transmisión utilizadas para la provisión de contenidos locales en redes de TDT, las soluciones propuestas en el estándar de segunda generación DVB-T2 y los requerimientos técnicos del futuro estándar DVB-NGH para la e ficiente emisión de estos contenidos en topologías de red SFN. Con base en el estado del arte se de ne en la segunda sección el objetivo principal, los objetivos específicos y los resultados esperados en el desarrollo de la tesis doctoral. Finalmente en la tercera sección se describe la metodología y los escenarios de evaluación que se utilizarán en las diferentes etapas del proceso de investigación.López Sánchez, J. (2014). Transmisión Eficiente de Servicios Fijos/Móviles y Servicios Locales en Redes de Televisión Digital Terrestre de Primera y Segunda Generación [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/35134
TESIS
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Andersson, Sebastian. "”Hela Sveriges dilemma” : SFI:s roll och insatser för etablering av nyanlända." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad utbildningsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-129574.
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Denna studie syftar att undersöka olika insatser för etablering som kan erbjudas nyanlända i samband med SFI-studier samt vilken roll studie- och yrkesvägledarna spelar i processen. Detta görs genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med tre studie- och yrkesvägledare verksamma vid SFI- verksamheter i en specifik kommun där yrkessvenska erbjuds att läsas i form av så kallade Sfx- utbildningar. Resultaten visar att svenskundervisning i kombination med en viss yrkesbakgrund verkar agera stimulerande för såväl genomströmningen i utbildningen såsom möjligheten till etablering inom relevant utbildning/arbetsmarknad. Studie- och yrkesvägledarna spelar en viktig roll i nätverkande med den relevanta bransch- och fackverksamheten vilket ger målgruppen möjlighet till lärande på arbetsplatser och mentorskap. För de SFI-elever som faller utanför ramen för Sfx-utbildning finns istället på vissa skolor yrkesförberedande SFI och möjligheter att själva skaffa etableringsfördelar genom bland annat mentorsprogram. I sitt uppdrag anser sig studie- och yrkesvägledarna arbeta mer som dörröppnare än grindvakter. Potentiella utvecklingsområden inför framtiden anser man vara en vidareutveckling av utbildningar med yrkessvenska inom ramen av de nya lagförändringar som möjliggör kombinationer av SFI och gymnasiekurser men framförallt lyfts samverkan med Arbetsförmedlingen som ett område som behöver utvecklas. I dagsläget pekar man även ut resursbrister i verksamheterna som ett hinder för att erbjuda aktiv vägledning till eleverna.
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Duval, Johanna. "Eco-valorisation de la plante Kniphofia uvaria : de la plante à la galénique." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2045/document.
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À l’heure où l’intégration des enjeux environnementaux dans le développement de procédés éco-efficients joue un rôle essentiel dans le moteur de l’innovation responsable, la chimie verte est devenue l’un des sujets de préoccupation majeure. Ainsi, le développement de nouveaux procédés éco-respectueux pour la production d’ingrédients naturels issus de matières premières végétales renouvelables est devenu une démarche incontournable dans le modèle de recherche. L’objectif de cette thèse a consisté au développement d’une stratégie d’éco-valorisation innovante employant les fluides sub/supercritiques pour l’extraction, la caractérisation, la production et l’imprégnation sur support cosmétique de produits naturels d’origine végétale. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé comme modèle végétal : les graines oléagineuses de la plante Kniphofia uvaria, sélectionnée pour des applications cosmétiques grâce à ses propriétés bioactives antioxydantes et anti-âge. Dans un premier temps, le développement de méthodes complémentaires en SFC ainsi que le développement du couplage SFC-MS a été réalisé à l’aide de la source APCI afin d’identifier les molécules responsables des activités bioactives des graines de Kniphofia uvaria. Ainsi, le développement d’un système hybride (U)HPLC/SFC-HRMS a été réalisé afin de mettre en place ce couplage. Des optimisations en termes de proportion et nature de solvant make-up ainsi qu’un travail au niveau des paramètres SFC et MS ont été faits afin de d’améliorer la sensibilité et la spécificité des analyses lipidiques. Dans un second temps, nous nous sommes attachés au développement d’une stratégie d’enrichissement en composés bioactifs à l’aide des méthodes : SFE et CPC. Ainsi, en SFE, des optimisations en termes de température, pression, nature/proportions de co-solvant dans le fluide ont été réalisées alors qu’en CPC, des optimisations au niveau de l’injection ont été faites. Des conditions optimales pour le fractionnement sélectif des anthraquinones et des triglycérides ont été déterminées en SFE et CPC. Dans un dernier temps, ce travail a consisté à développer un couplage en-ligne pour extraire et imprégner sélectivement sur silice cosmétique : les anthraquinones. Le développement et l’optimisation de ce procédé en-ligne ont été réalisés à l’échelle du laboratoire et ont démontré la faisabilité de ce couplage ainsi qu’un intérêt certain pour l’obtention de produits naturels sous une première forme galénique, destinée à une future incorporation dans la formulation de cosmétiquesNowadays, green chemistry is a great challenge. It seeks innovation in the development of eco-efficient processes. The production of natural products from renewable materials by these new environmentally friendly processes is more and more used. The aim of this Ph.D thesis is to develop an eco-valuation strategy to extract, characterize, produce and impregnate natural products onto a cosmetic support using sub/supercritical fluids. Consequently, we used oleaginous plant seeds from Kniphofia uvaria as a plant model, which was selected for its interesting cosmetic properties such as antioxidant or anti-ageing. Firstly, the SFC-MS hyphenation with the APCI as an ionization source was developed to screen bioactive molecules; responsible of cosmetic properties. This coupling was performed by the hybrid combination of (U)HPLC/SFC-HRMS. Various optimizations in terms of the solvent make-up (nature and proportion), modulation with SFC and MS parameters were carried out in order to improve sensitivity and selectivity of lipid analysis. Secondly, an enrichment strategy to concentrate bioactive compounds in the final extract was developed by SFE and CPC. Thus, in SFE, experimental parameters (temperature, pressure, nature/proportion of the modifier in the CO2 fluid) were optimized while in CPC, the injection optimization was realized. Methods for the selective fractionation of anthraquinones and triglycerides were obtained in CPC and SFE. Finally, an on-line sub/supercritical extraction-impregnation process was developed to extract and for simultaneously impregnating anthraquinones onto a cosmetic silica. Development and optimization of this process was realized on a laboratory scale. Consequently, this study demonstrated the feasibility of this concept and it presents a great interest to provide natural products as a galenic form, which could be used in the cosmetic formulation
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Schönning, Anna, and Shorok Lindgren. "Från grundskola till gymnasium på ett år : Yrkessvenska för invandrade akademiker." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Education, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-40306.
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Många invandrare i Sverige har en akademisk utbildning från sitt hemland. För att tillvarata invandrarakademikers kompetenser har yrkessvenska för invandrare så kallade Sfx- utbildningar startats. Syftet med studien är att belysa hur akademiker med invandrarbakgrund upplever betydelsen av Sfx- utbildningarna för sina möjligheter till etablering på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. En kvalitativ metod har använts och sex intervjuer har genomförts. Deltagarna har visat sitt missnöje med svenskundervisningen inom den reguljära Sfi- skolan. Det framkommer även att yrkessvenskan som Sfx erbjuder är eftertraktat. Att de studerar svenska intensivt samt att de har en gemensam yrkesbakgrund gör att de känner sig motiverade till att lära sig svenska språket. Utifrån deltagarnas humankapital finner vi flera förklaringar till varför de har svårt att få arbete. Det handlar om bristande kunskaper i svenska språket, om bristande kunskaper om samhället men framförallt bristande kunskaper om regler på arbetsmarknaden och i samhället.
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Fugate, Donald J. "Enhancing unity and authentic worship at Foxworthy Baptist Church, San Jose, California through the teaching and application of forgiveness." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Almeida, Thiago Rodrigues Meira de. "A collaborative architecture agianst DDOS attacks for cloud computing systems." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-25032019-114624/.
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Distributed attacks, such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) ones, require not only the deployment of standalone security mechanisms responsible for monitoring a limited portion of the network, but also distributed mechanisms which are able to jointly detect and mitigate the attack before the complete exhaustion of network resources. This need led to the proposal of several collaborative security mechanisms, covering different phases of the attack mitigation: from its detection to the relief of the system after the attack subsides. It is expected that such mechanisms enable the collaboration among security nodes through the distributed enforcement of security policies, either by installing security rules (e.g., for packet filtering) and/or by provisioning new specialized security nodes on the network. Albeit promising, existing proposals that distribute security tasks among collaborative nodes usually do not consider an optimal allocation of computational resources. As a result, their operation may result in a poor Quality of Service for legitimate packet flows during the mitigation of a DDoS attack. Aiming to tackle this issue, this work proposes a collaborative solution against DDoS attacks with two main goals: (1) ensure an optimal use of resources already available in the attack\'s datapath in a proactive way, and (2) optimize the placement of security tasks among the collaborating security nodes. Regardless the characteristics of each main goal, legitimate traffic must be preserved as packet loss is reduced as much as possible.Sem resumo
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Jordan, Sheri Lynne. "Hyphenated fourier transform infrared spectrometry : techniques for separations and analysis /." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08282003-155254/.
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Martial, Frédérique. "Détection et évolution des additifs du polypropylène à l'aide de la SFC et du couplage SFE/SFC : influence sur les propriétés physiques du polypropylène." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES050.
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Le polypropylène (PP) est un matériau polyvalent de plus en plus utilisé. Pour éviter qu'il se dégrade rapidement, on lui ajoute des additifs de stabilisation. Au cours du temps, ils sont consommés et on observe parallèlement le vieillissement du PP qui se caractérise par une évolution de ses propriétés. L'objectif de nos travaux était de relier la disparition des additifs avec l'évolution des propriétés mécaniques du PP vieilli, dans le but de prévoir son temps de vie en fonction de sa stabilisation et d'appliquer ces résultats au problème du recyclage. Nous avons dans un premier temps optimisé une méthode d'extraction et d'analyse des additifs en utilisant le couplage SFE/SFC (extraction par fluide supercritique/chromatographie par fluide supercritique). L'étude de l'influence des différents paramètres nous a permis de mettre au point une technique de caractérisation fiable et reproductible et d'obtenir des rendements d'extraction appréciables. Nous avons dans un deuxième temps appliqué cette technique à l'évolution d'un antioxydant contenu dans le polypropylène. Nous avons d'une part étudié la disparition de l'additif par couplage SFE/SFC, et d'autre part suivi les propriétés mécaniques du PP au cours de son vieillissement thermique. Des corrélations entre allongement et contrainte à la rupture avec la concentration en additif ont été établies et peuvent être utilisées dans le cadre du recyclage du PP. Les différents résultats obtenus nous ont donc permis d'atteindre notre objectif pour l'antioxydant étudié
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Baker, Joseph O., and Andrew L. Whitehead. "Gendering (Non)Religion: Politics, Education, and Gender Gaps in Secularity in the United States." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/sov119.
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Gender gaps in religiosity among Western populations, such that women are more religious than men, are well documented. Previous explanations for these differences range from biological predispositions of risk aversion to patriarchal gender socialization, but all largely overlook the intersection of social statuses. Drawing on theories of intersectionality, we contribute to the cultural and empirical analysis of gender gaps in religiosity by documenting an interactive effect between gender, education, and political views for predicting religious nonaffiliation and infrequent attendance at religious services among Americans. For highly educated political liberals, gender gaps effectively disappear, such that men and women are almost equally likely to be secular (or religious). The results have implications for the long-standing disputes about the gendered “nature” of religiosity and highlight the importance of multiple intersecting statuses and modalities in shaping aggregate patterns of religiosity and secularity.
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Mayer, Marina. "Livet efter sfi : Vilka tankar har några sfi-elever om sin delaktighet i det nya landet och hur har de lyckats med att förverkliga uppsatta mål?" Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-27435.
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Larsson, Ewy. ""Det är så enkelt, bara hands on, sen är de där" : Digitala hjälpmedel och litteracitet på sfi." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Svenska som andraspråk, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-21207.
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Denna studie har till syfte att beskriva tre lärares erfarenheter av digitala hjälpmedel inom sfi-undervisningen med fokus riktat på iPad. Studien är kvalitativ och ger svar på frågor kring lärarnas erfarenhet av litteracitetsutveckling, motivation och det individuella arbetet i klassrummet. Metoden omfattas av intervjuer som bygger på tre frågeställningar. Hur upplever lärarna litteracitetsutveckling och motivation hos de studerande vid användning av iPad och ett annat digitalt hjälpmedel? Hur ser lärarna på de enskilda studenternas behov vid användning av iPad och ett annat digitalt hjälpmedel? Vilken utveckling ser lärarna med iPad i framtida perspektiv? . Resultatet har analyserats och diskuterats i relation till tidigare forskning kring litteracitet, digitala hjälpmedel i undervisningen samt en rapport om iPad i skolan. I den första frågeställningen är lärarna överens om att litteracitetsutvecklingen med iPad relateras till vilken nivå de studerande uppnått. Ju lägre skriftspråksutvecklingsnivå ju lämpligare är språkinlärning med iPad som digitalt hjälpmedel. Detta på grund av dess enkla användarvänlighet. Lärarna anser också att enkelheten och den snabba responsen som de studerande får har en motiverande effekt. De som uppnår en högre skriftspråksutvecklingsnivå i svenska och som behöver mer utvecklande skrivövningar använder i föreliggande undersökning dator. I andra frågan diskuteras den individuella aspekten kring användning av iPad. De tre lärarna i studien anser att iPaden är ett bra verktyg och de har positiva erfarenheter om de studerandes individuella arbete och kan på ett enkelt sätt tillgodose individuella önskemål och behov hos de studerande. I den tredje frågan diskuteras iPad i ett framtida perspektiv. De tre lärarna ser iPaden som ett bra verktyg i en vidare utveckling av sfi. De menar att Skolverkets krav tillgodoses på ett lämpligt sätt med detta digitala hjälpmedel.
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Rosén, Helga. "Glöms lärarna bort? : En studie av SFI-lärares upplevelse av sin arbetssituation under en pågående offentlig upphandling." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26947.
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Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka SFI-lärares upplevelser av sin arbetssituation under en offentlig upphandling. För att besvara syftet har i studien använts tre frågeställningar: - Hur beskriver lärarna att miljön på jobbet påverkas? - Hur beskriver lärarna att relationen mellan lärare och kommun påverkas? - Hur beskriver lärarna att privatlivet påverkas? För att besvara syftet har en kvantitativ metod där 12 lärare har svarat på en enkätstudie. Sedan har en kvalitativ metod används för att intervjua fyra av dessa SFI-lärare rörande deras arbetssituation under pågående offentlig upphandling. De svar som framkommit i enkätstudien samt intervjustu-dien har sedan analyserats enligt appraisalteorin. Resultatet för studien visar att arbetsmiljön, relat-ionen mellan lärarna samt klassrumsklimatet påverkas. Arbetsmiljön påverkas både positivt och negativt. Relationen mellan lärarna påverkas enbart negativt och klassrumsklimatet påverkas enligt lärarna inte i lika stor utsträckning. Lärarnas relation till kommunen försämras tydligt under en på-gående offentlig upphandling och privatlivet påverkas framförallt av de känslor som uppstår under osäkra arbetsförhållanden.
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Castillo, Leonardo Luis. "El registro cerámico indígena sin atributos diagnósticos del predio ruinas de San Francisco. Área Fundacional de Mendoza." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, 2012. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/4900.
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En las páginas iniciales expresamos a modo de introducción desde qué lugar entendemos el estudio de la cerámica arqueológica y la potencialidad del mismo, siempre insertados en el marco de una serie continua de trabajos que viene desarrollando el equipo del Centro de Investigaciones Ruinas de San Francisco (en adelante CIRSF), contribuyendo al desarrollo interdisciplinario propuesto desde este ámbito para las investigaciones realizadas en el Área Fundacional de la Ciudad de Mendoza. En el apartado Antecedentes presentamos una breve descripción del estudio de la cerámica arqueológica en general, dentro de los paradigmas dominantes en la historia local y la forma en que esta ha sido abordada estrictamente en nuestro ámbito con referencia a los estudios dedicados al Período Alfarero Tardío para el Norte y Centro de la Provincia de Mendoza. En este marco, realizamos una breve reseña del registro cerámico indígena de algunos de los sitios más paradigmáticos de la arqueología local y la relación que se da entre la cerámica tipológicamente diagnóstica y la que no lo es, mencionando las interpretaciones que de esto se derivan en caso de expresarse los autores.Fil: Castillo, Leonardo Luis. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras.
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Sen, Sanchayita. "Nucleotide Dependent Conformational Changes in the Nitrogenase Fe Protein." Thesis, Montana State University, 2005. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2005/sen/SenS0805.pdf.
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Nitrogenase is a complex metal-containing enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of nitrogen gas to ammonia. During nitrogenase catalysis the Fe protein and the molybdenum-iron protein associate and dissociate in a manner resulting in the hydrolysis of two molecules of MgATP and the transfer of at least one electron to the MoFe protein. The role of nucleotide binding and hydrolysis in nitrogenase catalysis is one of the most fascinating aspects of nitrogenase function. The Fe protein upon binding to MgATP undergoes a huge conformational change which is important for subsequent steps of nitrogenase reaction mechanism. Therefore structural characterization of the Fe protein bound to MgATP will provide a basis on how MgATP binding promotes the complex formation whereas hydrolysis to MgADP leads to the dissociation of the macromolecular complex structure. Towards these ends we have conducted structural studies on a site-directed variant of the Fe protein which is a close mimic of the MgATP conformational state. Structural characterization of this Leu127 deletion variant revealed a distinctly new conformation of the Fe protein which arises from the rigid body reorientation of the homodimeric Fe protein subunits with respect to each other. The structure not only provides the first basis on rationalizing the initial docking interactions between the component proteins but also helps us to dissect the conformational changes on the Fe protein which occur upon nucleotide binding from those conformational changes that are imposed on the Fe protein by the MoFe protein during complex formation. Having this structure in hand, we have developed several other experimental approaches like Mass spectrophotometry and Small Angle X-ray Scattering/Diffraction (SAXS) techniques to probe the relationship between the Leu127 deletion variant a close structural mimic of MgATP bound "on state" and the actual MgATP bound state which is more difficult to probe crystallographically. These studies will help us to compare the different nucleotide bound states (MgADP and MgATP) of the Fe protein in solution that will help to predict the level of conformational change that is induced in the Fe protein that makes it compatible for binding to the MoFe protein in the nitrogen catalysis cycle.
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Sun, Zhitan. "The pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. to Wheat Stem Sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/sun/SunZ0508.pdf.
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The wheat stem sawfly is the most destructive insect pest in both winter wheat and spring wheat production in the northern Great Plains. The sawfly is univoltine, and spends all immature stages within protective wheat stems, which explains the difficulty in controlling populations. However, the almost continuous inhabitation of stems also makes larvae more vulnerable to invasion by microorganisms colonizing both living stems and postharvest stubble. Fusarium spp. were frequently isolated from fungalcolonized larval cadavers, and were found to be the major lethal factors for overwintering larvae in both laboratory emergence experiments and field surveys over three years. The pathogenicity of single isolates of three Fusarium spp., including F. pseudograminearum, F. culmorum, and F. acuminatum, was evaluated against overwintering larvae in sawflycut stems and against actively-feeding larvae in growing winter wheat plants over two years. The tested Fusarium isolates caused twenty to sixty percent mortality in overwintering larvae, and caused forty to eighty percent mortality in actively-feeding larvae. The Fusarium isolates also caused decomposition of sawfly-cut stems and disease in wheat plants, which reflected the versatility of Fusarium isolates acting as saprophytes, entomopathogens, and phytopathogens. Deoxynivalenol was detected in wheat stem tissues colonized by the Fusarium isolates from two years of field experiments, and deoxynivalenol caused toxicity and inhibited the growth of second and third-instar actively-feeding larvae in laboratory bioassays. Wheat grower observations of greater sawfly infestation in dryland wheat fields led to assessment of larval mortality from Fusarium infection in both dryland and irrigated wheat fields. This was studied using cage experiments or field surveys at different locations for three years. Parasitoid attack and fungal infection, mainly by Fusarium spp., were found to be the major lethal factors for developing and overwintering larvae, respectively. There was no difference in sawfly survival in dryland or irrigated wheat fields. As ubiquitous soil microorganisms and plant pathogens, Fusarium spp. impact wheat stem sawfly populations in the field each year.
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Sun, Yun-Fu. "N-Bak a neuron-specific splice variant of Bak with anti-apoptotic properties." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2003. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/bioti/vk/sun/.
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Marques, Fernando Emmanuel Fentanes Alvarez. "O problema do funding no mercado de crédito para habitação no Brasil." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9243.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-03The main goal of the current academic work is to show and discuss the limits of the Housing Finance System (SFH) and Real Estate Financing System (SFI), with special focus on the analysis of housing funding limits. In this study the literature review was used as a source of empirical data. the statistics released by the Brazilian Association of Real Estate Credit and Savings Entities (ABECIP). The brazilian imobiliary funding issue goes through the long-term problem due to scarce credit lines. The capital market still falls far from the growing financing needs of the economy, especially with regard to corporate bonds. The funding sources that support the current housing credit volume are based on the Brazilian System of Savings and Loans (SBPE) and the Guarantee Fund for Employees (FGTS). It follows that the obstacle to increase the share of housing loans in GDP is not easy to solve. However, this work points clearly that the FGTS has the potential to offer lower financing rates than it has been offering. And it is also shown that SBPE is able to better allocate the funds raised by the savings
O objetivo principal deste trabalho é apontar e discutir os limites do Sistema Financeiro da Habitação (SFH) e do Sistema Financeiro Imobiliário (SFI), com especial destaque para a análise dos limites do funding habitacional. Neste trabalho foi adotada a pesquisa bibliográfica e usada como fonte de dados empíricos as estatísticas disponibilizadas pela Associação Brasileira das Entidades de Crédito Imobiliário e Poupança (ABECIP). A questão do funding imobiliário no Brasil é uma questão que passa pelo problema de funding de longo prazo, pois são escassas as linhas de crédito de longo prazo. O mercado de capitais, principalmente, no tocante a títulos corporativos, ainda está muito aquém das necessidades crescentes de financiamento da economia. As fontes de funding que sustentam o atual volume de crédito habitacional são pautadas no Sistema Brasileiro de Poupança e Empréstimo (SBPE) e no Fundo de Garantia por Tempo de Serviço (FGTS). Conclui-se que o entrave para aumentar da participação do crédito habitacional no PIB não é de fácil solução. Porém, fica claro que o FGTS tem potencial para oferecer taxas de financiamento mais baixas do que vem oferecendo e o SBPE tem condições de alocar melhor os recursos captados pela caderneta de poupança
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Bader, Britt-Marie. "Från tolk till att prata själv : En studie av SFI-studerandes erfarenheter av att delta i sina barns utvecklingssamtal." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för språkdidaktik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-195944.
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Syftet med studien var att studera vårdnadshavare som samtidigt deltar i SFI-undervisning och deras erfarenheter av att delta i sina barns utvecklingssamtal i grundskolan. Studien utgick från följande frågeställningar om hur vårdnadshavares erfarenheter av utvecklingssamtal i grundskolan visar sig, beskrivna av dem själva, vilka möjligheter och hinder som vårdnadshavarna beskriver att de har erfarenheter av och vad har SFI-undervisningen betytt för vårdnadshavarna för att delta i sina barns utvecklingssamtal, enligt deras beskrivningar? Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkter är ett interkulturellt perspektiv och Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) och metodologiska utgångspunkter är semistrukturerade intervjuer och analyser av narrativer. Resultatet visar att gemensamt i berättelserna var att vårdnadshavarna först använde tolk i sina barns utvecklingssamtal men att när de började förstå svenska bättre så ville de hellre klara sig utan och fann strategier för det. Gemensamt var att fråga läraren eller ta hjälp av sina barn och en variation var att använda engelska eller att läraren hade samma modersmål som vårdnadshavaren. Möjligheter och hinder för att delta i utvecklingssamtalen varierade. Vårdnadshavarnas strategier möjliggjorde deltagandet. Hinder som visade sig var när läraren pratade fort och använde svåra ord, vilket samtidigt blev en möjlighet om läraren omvänt pratade långsamt, tydligt och med enkla ord. Resultatet gör synligt interkulturella förhållningssätt där deltagarna visar förståelse för varandras olika etniska bakgrund och kulturella skillnader, vilket kan ses som förutsättningar för tillitsfulla relationer och att våga fråga läraren. Vårdnadshavarnas vilja att klara sig själva är möjlig att förstå ur ett SFL-perspektiv där språket ska fungerar för att tolka upplevelser, skapa mening och kommunicera, vilket är drivkrafter för att lära sig språket. Resultatet visar inte att vårdnadshavarna gav SFI-undervisningen någon särskild betydelse för att delta i sina barns utvecklingssamtal. Däremot visade begränsat antal timmar i undervisningen och flertalet studieavbrott att det ledde till att andraspråksinlärningen drar ut på tiden, vilket går att förstå som svårigheter för att nå ett funktionellt språk.
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Malasquez, Olivares Brenda Yuriko Candelaria. "Actividad sexual en gestantes con y sin infección genitourinaria. Hospital San Juan de Lurigancho de Lima, año 2018." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9532.
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Compara las características de la actividad sexual en gestantes con y sin infección genitourinaria atendidas en el Hospital San Juan de Lurigancho de Lima, año 2018. Realiza un estudio de diseño descriptivo comparativo, de corte transversal y prospectivo, con dos grupos de 56 gestantes con y sin infecciones genitales y urinarias a quienes se aplicó el cuestionario de sexualidad en la gestación (QSXG) para evaluar la forma en que viven las gestantes y perciben su sexualidad. Se usó estadística descriptiva con cálculo de frecuencias (absolutas y relativas), medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión. Encuentra en la conducta sexual de gestantes con y sin infección genitourinaria, que el inicio de relaciones sexuales fue a partir de los 15 años, tuvieron más de 3 parejas sexuales, relaciones sexuales más de dos veces por semana (el 32.1% de las gestantes con infección genitourinaria) y una vez por mes (el 28.6% de las gestantes sin infección). El sexo oral y el sexo anal se dio más en gestantes con infección genitourinario y la masturbación en las gestantes sin infección genitourinaria. Mayormente la pose sexual “el misionero” fue practicada en gestantes sin infección genitourinaria y las demás poses por gestantes con infección genitourinaria. En la fisiología sexual, el nivel de deseo y excitación sexual en gestantes sin infección genitourinaria tuvo un promedio de 4.0, siendo mayor que en gestantes con infección genitourinaria. De los aspectos simbólicos de la sexualidad fue poco el gusto por la actividad sexual, y la percepción de la relación sexual fue regular. El sexo oral y la penetración vaginal fueron las prácticas placenteras mayormente en gestantes con infección genitourinaria. En la importancia que se otorga al sexo durante la gestación se tuvo una media mayor en las gestantes sin infección urinaria (3.89) que en las que tuvieron dicha infección (4.11). Concluye que las gestantes con infección genitourinaria tuvieron mayor frecuencia de relaciones sexuales, y menor nivel de deseo y excitación sexual que las gestantes sin infección genitourinaria atendidas en el Hospital San Juan de Lurigancho de Lima de abril a junio 2018.Tesis
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Reátegui, Santos Lorena. "¿Son los Parques Zonales una buena solución de espacio público en el distrito de “San Juan de Lurigancho”?" Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/338895.
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