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Laxmi, Niwas Tiwari, Sinha Prakash, and Kamal Ritesh. "A Study on Association of Obstructive Airway Disease in Previously Treated Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 12 (2023): 918–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11195333.
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<strong>Background:</strong> In a developing nation similar to India, pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and obstructive airway disease are becoming more and more prevalent. A significant proportion of tuberculosis patients get post-tubercular respiratory illness. The association between PTB antecedents and COPD antecedents has not been extensively studied in India. PTB significantly affects one’s quality of life. The purpose of this research is to determine the prevalence of obstructive airway disease in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who have received prior treatment and to assess, using SGRQC, the effect of post-TB obstructive airway illness on quality of life. <strong>Methods:</strong> 116 research participants who satisfied the inclusion criteria were enrolled in a prospective, observational cross-sectional study from January 2023 to September 2023 at the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, KMCH, Katihar, Bihar, after obtaining informed consent. The main factor used to categorize study participants was their prior history of PTB. Consequently, PTB-associated COPD and COPD were the two study subject groups included in this investigation. The MIR Spirobank smart app was used to measure subjects’ PFT, and the SGRQ-C scale was used to measure their quality of life. <strong>Results:</strong> Out of 116 patients, PTB-associated COPD was diagnosed in 19 (22.6%) women, 65 (77.4%) men, and 5 (15.6%) women and 27 (84.4%) men, respectively. The most prevalent symptoms reported by 76 (94.04%) and 62 (71.42%) patients, respectively, were dyspnea and a cough with sputum. The study outcome shown a notable decrease in QOL of PTB related COPD patients (72%) compared to COPD patients (66.4%). The effect of airflow limitation (FEV1) was marginally enhanced in PTB associated COPD patients (25.65%) compared to COPD patients (26.4%). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> In a clinical setting, a sizable fraction of COPD cases are PTB-associated. It is a separate risk factor for OAD in nations with high tuberculosis rates. The findings suggested that in order to lower OAD, smoking cessation and early identification, treatment, and control of tuberculosis are equally important. Early detection of post-tubercular COPD and prompt treatment start increase quality of life and lower morbidity and death in these patients.
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Abdelrheem, Shaimaa S., Basma M. Osman, Gehad A. Mohamed, et al. "Determinants of health-related quality of life in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients." Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis 74, no. 2 (2025): 150–57. https://doi.org/10.4103/ecdt.ecdt_49_24.
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Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered a public health problem. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in stable COPD patients is influenced by many factors. Aim The aim of the study was to assess the determinants influencing the HRQoL of stable COPD patients (GOLD I–III). Patients and methods A cross-sectional study of 150 stable COPD at Aswan University Hospital. Tools of data collection included spirometry, the COPD and Asthma Sleep Impact Scale-7, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the COPD-specific version of the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD patients (SGRQ-C). Results Regression analysis showed that total SGRQ-C scores were significantly higher with patients’ age, comorbidity, dyspnea severity (modified Medical Research Council scale ≥2), frequent exacerbations (≥2 in the last year), sleep quality, and mental health. While forced expiratory volume in first second (% pred) showed a significant negative relationship between physical activity and SGRQ-C total score, smoking and BMI had no significant influence on the quality of life. Conclusion The majority of stable COPD had a low level of HRQoL. Age, presence of comorbidities, increased dyspnea, and more than two previous exacerbations in the last year were contributing factors. We recommend improving HRQoL with a multifaceted approach. Screening and early intervention for these factors such as sleep impairment, depression and anxiety, and pattern of physical activity with effective disease management might have a promising potential to enhance COPD patients’ quality of life.
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Garrow, Adam P., Naimat Khan, Sarah Tyson, Jørgen Vestbo, Dave Singh, and Janelle Yorke. "The development and first validation of the Manchester Early Morning Symptoms Index (MEMSI) for patients with COPD." Thorax 70, no. 8 (2015): 757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206410.
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AimEarly morning symptoms (EMS) in people with COPD are associated with poor health, impaired activities and increased exacerbation risk. We describe the development and preliminary validation of the Manchester Early Morning Symptom Index (MEMSI) to quantify EMS in COPD.MethodsFocus groups and cognitive debriefing with patients with COPD were used to develop the potential item list, followed by a cross-sectional study to finalise the items for inclusion. In addition to test-retest reliability, comparisons with the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire-C (SGRQ-C), modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue Scale (FACIT-F) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) evaluated construct validity. Hierarchical methods informed item deletion and Rasch analysis was applied to assess scale unidimensionality.Results23 items were identified from the focus groups and debriefings. The cross-sectional study involved 203 patients with COPD (mean age 64.7 SD 7.5 years, male 63%, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD): 1:14% 2:41% 3:25% 4: 7%). 13 items were removed during item reduction. MEMSI contains 10 items, demonstrates good overall fit to the Rasch model (χ2 p=0.26) and item score distribution; excellent reliability (Person Separation Index: 0.91) and good test-retest repeatability (r=0.82). It correlates with the SGRQ-C (r=0.73), FACIT-F (r=−0.65) and HADS (r=0.53–0.54) indicating good construct validity.ConclusionsMEMSI is a reliable and valid unidimensional measure of EMS for patients with COPD. It is simple to use and score supporting its suitability for research and clinical use. Work is underway to determine the minimal clinical important difference and cross-cultural validity.
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Hong, Goohyeon, Yu-Il Kim, Seoung Ju Park, et al. "Effects of a Mixture of Ivy Leaf Extract and Coptidis rhizome on Patients with Chronic Bronchitis and Bronchiectasis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (2021): 4024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084024.
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Background: Hederacoside C from ivy leaf dry extracts (HH) and berberine from Coptidis rhizome dry extracts (CR) can be combined (HHCR) as a herbal product. Previous studies have demonstrated that HHCR has antitussive and expectorant effects in animal models of respiratory disease. However, the therapeutic effects of HHCR on respiratory diseases in humans have not been well-studied. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the effectiveness of HHCR in patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. Methods: This was a multicenter (10 university teaching hospitals), open-label, prospective, single-arm, observational study. Consecutive patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis were included. Patients were orally treated with HHCR daily for 12 weeks. St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores and bronchitis severity scores (BSS) were measured at baseline and at the end of the 12-week study. Results: In total, 376 patients were enrolled, of which 304 were finally included in the study, including 236 males and 68 females with a median age of 69 years (range: 37–88 years). After 12 weeks of HHCR treatment, there was a significant improvement in SGRQ score (baseline, 32.52 ± 16.93 vs. end of study, 29.08 ± 15.16; p < 0.0001) and a significant reduction in BSS (baseline, 7.16 ± 2.63 vs. end of study, 4.72 ± 2.45; p < 0.0001). During the study, 14 patients concomitantly used an inhaled corticosteroid and 83 patients used an inhaled bronchodilator. HHCR also had significant positive effects on these patients in terms of SGRQ score and BSS. No serious adverse drug reactions occurred during HHCR treatment. Conclusions: treatment with HHCR improved the SGRQ score and BSS in patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. HHCR may be a new therapeutic option for chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. Large-scale, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials are warranted.
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Nishimura, Koichi, Masaaki Kusunose, Ryo Sanda, Mio Mori, Ayumi Shibayama, and Kazuhito Nakayasu. "Comparison of Predictive Properties between Tools of Patient-Reported Outcomes: Risk Prediction for Three Future Events in Subjects with COPD." Diagnostics 13, no. 13 (2023): 2269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13132269.
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Background: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures must be evaluated for their discriminatory, evaluative, and predictive properties. However, the predictive capability remains unclear. We aimed to examine the predictive properties of several PRO measures of all-cause mortality, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and associated hospitalization. Methods: A total of 122 outpatients with stable COPD were prospectively recruited and completed six self-administered paper questionnaires: the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI), Dyspnoea-12, Evaluating Respiratory Symptoms in COPD and Hyland Scale at baseline. Cox proportional hazards analyses were conducted to examine the relationships with future outcomes. Results: A total of 66 patients experienced exacerbation, 41 were hospitalized, and 18 died. BDI, SGRQ Total and Activity, and CAT and Hyland Scale scores were significantly related to mortality (hazard ratio = 0.777, 1.027, 1.027, 1.077, and 0.951, respectively). The Hyland Scale score had the best predictive ability for PRO measures, but the C index did not reach the level of the most commonly used FEV1. Almost all clinical, physiological, and PRO measurements obtained at baseline were significant predictors of the first exacerbation and the first hospitalization due to it, with a few exceptions. Conclusions: Measurement of health status and the global scale of quality of life as well as some tools to assess breathlessness, were significant predictors of all-cause mortality, but their predictive capacity did not reach that of FEV1. In contrast, almost all baseline measurements were unexpectedly related to exacerbation and associated hospitalization.
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Dorosz, Marzena, Katarzyna Bogacz, Marta Gołdyn-Pastuszka, et al. "The impact of body composition disorders on the quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Fizjoterapia Polska 22, no. 5 (2022): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.56984/8zg20axt7.
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Introduction. COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease that constitutes a significant public health problem. It is characterized by not fully reversible, progressive limitation of airflow through the airways. In addition to the harmful pulmonary effects, COPD manifests itself with complications in other body systems, including body composition disorders, which adversely affects patients’ quality of life and prognosis. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of life of patients with COPD and to assess the factors that will affect its deterioration. Material and methods. The study included 37 patients of the University Hospital at the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków at 8 Skawińska Street, who were diagnosed with COPD according to the GOLD guidelines. In the study group, a personal questionnaire was conducted, anthropometric data was collected, i.e. the Quetelet index was calculated, thigh circumference and skin folds were measured, and the subjective assessment of the quality of life was examined using the SGRQ-C questionnaire and the CAT Test. Results. Based on the analysis of the collected materials, it was shown that the average assessment of the quality of life in the study population was at a low level of 61.8 points on the SGRQ-C scale. There was a large variation in the assessment of HRQoL depending on the stage of the disease. The best result, amounting to 23.0 points, was achieved by patients in stage 1, and the worst – 81.6 points. – patients in stage 4 according to GOLD guidelines. Among the main determinants of the quality of life in the study group, in addition to the degree of airway obstruction, there were: high intensity of clinical symptoms, such as cough, shortness of breath or expectoration of secretions, low body weight and the number of comorbidities. Conclusions. It has been shown that the loss of fat-free body mass and systemic complications are factors that significantly reduce the quality of life, and patients with fewer comorbidities and with increased BMI score better on the SGRQ-C scale. It has been proven that the progression of the disease contributes to the exclusion of patients from active social life and causes many mental problems. It was established that patients with COPD should be covered by multidisciplinary care and a special training program in order to prevent or delay the onset of systemic complications, which significantly worsen the patients’ quality of life
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Roopam, L. H. Ghotekar, Tanmaya Talukdar, Sparsh Sharma, and Sheikh Yasir Islam. "Quality of life of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma patients in covid pandemic time in Delhi NCR." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 13, no. 6 (2025): 2426–33. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20251630.
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Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an irreversible airway obstruction disease with quality of life (QOL) being the major area for possible improvement. Asthma is a reversible airway obstruction also hampering the QOL of patients. This study aimed to assess the QOL of COPD and Bronchial Asthma patients and find the factors affecting it and relating it to clinical severity of the disease. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study in a hospital-based setting. SGRQ-C (Saint George’s respiratory questionnaire-C) was used to estimate the QOL scores, and spirometry was performed to assess the lung function. These scores were correlated with different Socio-demographic data that was recorded like age, sex, education, socioeconomic status, occupational etc. It was also correlated with clinical profile of patients consisting of duration of illness, smoking status, pack years of smoking, BMI etc. mMRC scale was used to assess dyspnoea. Results: Patients with asthma or COPD showed impaired health related quality of life (HRQOL). Increasing age, Duration of illness, dyspnoea severity, lower socioeconomic status and pack years of smoking showed strong positive correlation with the reduced QOL. Statistically significant negative correlation was seen between SGRQ-C QOL scores and FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio. No association between QOL scores and BMI or gender was observed. Conclusions: This study showed that Indian patients in Delhi NCR with COPD or Bronchial asthma had reduced HRQOL. Severity of lung function, increased duration of disease, smoking, increasing age and lower socioeconomic status impacted HRQOL negatively.
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Pragman, Alexa A., Ann M. Fieberg, Cavan S. Reilly, and Christine Wendt. "Chlorhexidine oral rinses for symptomatic COPD: a randomised, blind, placebo-controlled preliminary study." BMJ Open 11, no. 12 (2021): e050271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050271.
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ObjectivesDetermine the effect of twice-daily chlorhexidine oral rinses on oral and lung microbiota biomass and respiratory symptoms.SettingSingle centre.ParticipantsParticipants were aged 40–85 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic productive cough or COPD exacerbation within the last year. Exclusions included antibiotics in the previous 2 months and/or those with less than four teeth. Forty-four participants were recruited and 40 completed the study.InterventionParticipants were randomised 1:1 to twice-daily 0.12% chlorhexidine oral rinses versus placebo for 2 months along with daily diaries. St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), blood tests, oral rinse and induced sputum were collected at randomisation and the final visit.Primary and secondary outcomesPrimary outcome was a change in oral and sputum microbiota biomass. Secondary outcomes included: sputum and oral microbiota Shannon and Simpson diversity and taxonomy; inflammatory markers; Breathlessness, Cough and Sputum Scale and SGRQ scores.ResultsNeither the oral microbiota nor the sputum microbiota biomass decreased significantly in those using chlorhexidine compared with placebo (oral microbiota mean log10 difference (SE)=−0.103 (0.23), 95% CI −0.59 to 0.38, p=0.665; sputum microbiota 0.80 (0.46), 95% CI −0.15 to 1.75, p=0.096). Chlorhexidine decreased both oral and sputum microbiota alpha (Shannon) diversity (linear regression estimate (SE) oral: −0.349 (0.091), p=0.001; sputum −0.622 (0.169), p=0.001). Chlorhexidine use did not decrease systemic inflammatory markers compared with placebo (C reactive protein (chlorhexidine 1.8±7.5 vs placebo 0.4±6.8, p=0.467), fibrinogen (22.5±77.8 vs 10.0±77.0, p=0.406) or leucocytes (0.2±1.8 vs 0.5±1.8, p=0.560)). Chlorhexidine use decreased SGRQ scores compared with placebo (chlorhexidine −4.7±8.0 vs placebo 1.7±8.9, p=0.032).ConclusionsWe did not detect a significant difference in microbiota biomass due to chlorhexidine use. Chlorhexidine decreased oral and sputum microbiota alpha diversity and improved respiratory health-related quality of life compared with placebo.Trial registrationNCT02252588.
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Shettar, Vijay Kumar K., M. Sandhya, Sreelatha J, et al. "A study on association of obstructive airway disease in previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients." IP Indian Journal of Immunology and Respiratory Medicine 8, no. 3 (2023): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijirm.2023.020.
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Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and obstructive airway disease are of growing concern in a developing country akin to India. A considerable number of TB patients develop post-tubercular respiratory disease. There are few Indian studies assessing the relationship between antecedents of PTB and COPD. PTB has a considerable impact on quality of life. To evaluate the prevalence of obstructive airway disease in previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients and to evaluate the impact of post TB obstructive airway disease on QOL using SGRQ-C. A prospective, observational cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care health centre over six months, enrolling 116 study subjects who met the inclusion criteria included after acquiring Informed consent. Study subjects had been categorized primarily based on prior history of PTB. Therefore, this study involved two groups of study subjects, PTB associated COPD and COPD. Subjects were assessed for PFT through the aid of MIR Spirobank smart App and QOL using SGRQ-C scale. Of 116 patients, 19(22.6%) women and 65(77.4%) men and 5(15.6%) women and 27(84.4%) men were diagnosed as PTB associated COPD and COPD respectively. Dyspnea and cough with sputum were the most common symptoms presented by 76(94.04%) and 62(71.42%) patients respectively. The effect of airflow limitation (FEV1) was slightly increased in PTB associated COPD patients (25.65%) compared to COPD patients (26.4%) and study endpoint showed noteworthy decrease in QOL of PTB associated COPD(72%) patients compared to COPD(66.4%). PTB-associated COPD constitutes a significant proportion of COPD within clinical setting. It is an independent risk factor for OAD in extensive TB burden countries. The results indicated that early diagnosis, appropriate management and control of TB are as critical as smoking cessation for reducing OAD. Early identification of Post tubercular COPD and early initiation of treatment in these patients improve the QOL and reduces morbidity and mortality.
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Parikh, Raj, Sowmya R. Rao, Rakesh Kukde, George T. O'Connor, Archana Patel, and Patricia L. Hibberd. "Assessing the Respiratory Effects of Air Pollution from Biomass Cookstoves on Pregnant Women in Rural India." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (2020): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010183.
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Background: In India, biomass fuel is burned in many homes under inefficient conditions, leading to a complex milieu of particulate matter and environmental toxins known as household air pollution (HAP). Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable as they and their fetus may suffer from adverse consequences of HAP. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a noninvasive, underutilized tool that can serve as a surrogate for airway inflammation. We evaluated the prevalence of respiratory illness, using pulmonary questionnaires and FeNO measurements, among pregnant women in rural India who utilize biomass fuel as a source of energy within their home. Methods: We prospectively studied 60 pregnant women in their 1st and 2nd trimester residing in villages near Nagpur, Central India. We measured FeNO levels in parts per billion (ppb), St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ-C) scores, and the Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale. We evaluated the difference in the outcome distributions between women using biomass fuels and those using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) using two-tailed t-tests. Results: Sixty-five subjects (32 in Biomass households; 28 in LPG households; 5 unable to complete) were enrolled in the study. Age, education level, and second-hand smoke exposure were comparable between both groups. FeNO levels were higher in the Biomass vs. LPG group (25.4 ppb vs. 8.6 ppb; p-value = 0.001). There was a difference in mean composite SGRQ-C score (27.1 Biomass vs. 10.8 LPG; p-value < 0.001) including three subtotal scores for Symptoms (47.0 Biomass vs. 20.2 LPG; p-value< 0.001), Activity (36.4 Biomass vs. 16.5 LPG; p-value < 0.001) and Impact (15.9 Biomass vs. 5.2 LPG; p-value < 0.001). The mMRC Dyspnea Scale was higher in the Biomass vs. LPG group as well (2.9 vs. 0.5; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Increased FeNO levels and higher dyspnea scores in biomass-fuel-exposed subjects confirm the adverse respiratory effects of this exposure during pregnancy. More so, FeNO may be a useful, noninvasive biomarker of inflammation that can help better understand the physiologic effects of biomass smoke on pregnant women. In the future, larger studies are needed to characterize the utility of FeNO in a population exposed to HAP.
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Abins, T. K., Ravi Gaur, Nitesh Manohar Gonnade, et al. "Telerehabilitation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western India: A 3-month Follow-up Study." Indian Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 34, no. 2 (2024): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijpmr.ijpmr_7_24.
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Abstract Introduction: India grapples with a mounting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) crisis driven by pervasive air pollution, especially from biomass burning. New Delhi’s classification as the capital with the worst pollution, with 35 other Indian cities in the global top 50, underscores the severity. COPD, the third-leading cause of global mortality, claimed 3.23 million lives in 2019, with a projected surge due to prevalent smoking and ongoing pollution. Domestically, COPD accounts for 9.5% of all deaths. Emphasizing the urgency of Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 to reduce mortality from non-communicable diseases, including chronic respiratory diseases, cost-effective pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), particularly telerehabilitation, emerges as a promising avenue for comprehensive COPD management in this challenging landscape. Methods: Patients with COPD (gold stages 1–3) confirmed by pulmonary function tests were enrolled. Functional exercise capacity, dyspnoea levels and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were assessed using the 6-min walk test (6MWD), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale and SGRQ-C questionnaire, respectively. Participants received home-based PR and attended one 2-h PR session 3 days a week for 12 weeks. Follow-up was conducted telephonically monthly, and a final assessment was done at the end of the 3rd month. Results: Of the 88 initially recruited patients, 26 were lost to follow-up, leaving 62 who completed the 3-month programme. Significant improvements were observed in exercise tolerance (6-min walk test [6MWD]), with mean values increasing from 383.00 ± 71.22 to 441.3 ± 87.3 (P < 0.001). HRQoL, assessed by SGRQ-C, showed an overall improvement, with statistically significant reductions in total scores (42.15 ± 3.52–39.54 ± 3.41, P < 0.001) and in each domain (symptom, impact and activity). Conclusion: The study affirms telerehabilitation’s efficacy in enhancing exercise capacity and improving the quality of life for COPD patients, advocating its integration, particularly in regions with limited access to conventional rehabilitation programmes.
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Monica, Indah, and Hari Sutanto. "Hubungan derajat sesak napas dengan kualitas hidup pada pasien penyakit paru obstruktif kronik stabil di Poliklinik Paru RSUP Persahabatan." Tarumanagara Medical Journal 2, no. 2 (2020): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/tmj.v3i1.9731.
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Keluhan utama pasien penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK) adalah sesak napas yang bersifat persisten dan progresif sehingga mengakibatkan pasien menghindari aktivitas. Hal ini berdampak penurunan pada kualitas hidup pasien. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan derajat sesak napas dengan kualitas hidup pasien PPOK stabil di Poliklinik RSUP Persahabatan. Studi analitik dengan desain cross-sectional ini memiliki 56 subjek PPOK dipilih secara konsekutif. Derajat obstruksi dinilai dengan spirometry, pengukuran derajat sesak napas dinilai dengan kuesioner modified British medical research council (mMRC) scale dan kualitas hidup dinilai dengan kuesioner St. George’s respiratory questionnaire - COPD specific (SGRQ-C). Rerata usia subyek PPOK 62.7 tahun dengan mayoritas subyek adalah laki-laki sebanyak 50 (89,3%) subyek. Hasil studi didapatkan 37 (66.2%) subyek dengan derajat obstruktif sedang (60%>VEP1/KVP>30%), 34 (60.7%) subyek dengan derajat sesak napas ringan-sedang (mMRC scale 1-2) dan 41 (73,2%) subyek memiliki kialitas hidup baik. Hasil uji Spearman menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna derajat sesak napas PPOK dengan kualitas hidup (p value 0.000) dengan kekuatan korelasi sedang (-0.531). Hasil negatif menunjukkan semakin rendah derajat obstruksi maka kualitas hidup makin tinggi. Kesimpulan pada studi ini terdapat hubungan antara derajat sesak napas dengan kualitas hidup pasien PPOK Stabil di Poliklinik RSUP Persahabatan.
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Patel, Kajal, Sofia Straudi, Ng Yee Sien, Nora Fayed, John L. Melvin, and Manoj Sivan. "Applying the WHO ICF Framework to the Outcome Measures Used in the Evaluation of Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Coronavirus Outbreaks." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (2020): 6476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186476.
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(1) Objective: The World Health Organization’s (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) classification is a unified framework for the description of health and health-related states. This study aimed to use the ICF framework to classify outcome measures used in follow-up studies of coronavirus outbreaks and make recommendations for future studies. (2) Methods: EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO were systematically searched for original studies assessing clinical outcomes in adult survivors of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS), middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) after hospital discharge. Individual items of the identified outcome measures were linked to ICF second-level and third-level categories using ICF linking rules and categorized according to an ICF component. (3) Results: In total, 33 outcome measures were identified from 36 studies. Commonly used (a) ICF body function measures were Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT), Impact of event scale (IES-R) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); (b) ICF activity was 6-Minute Walking Distance (6MWD); (c) ICF participation measures included Short Form-36 (SF-36) and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). ICF environmental factors and personal factors were rarely measured. (4) Conclusions: We recommend future COVID-19 follow-up studies to use the ICF framework to select a combination of outcome measures that capture all the components for a better understanding of the impact on survivors and planning interventions to maximize functional return.
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Cleutjens, Fiona A. H. M., Martijn A. Spruit, Rudolf W. H. M. Ponds, et al. "Cognitive impairment and clinical characteristics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Chronic Respiratory Disease 15, no. 2 (2017): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479972317709651.
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We aimed to investigate (1) the relationship between cognitive impairment (CI) and disease severity and (2) the potential differences in exercise performance, daily activities, health status, and psychological well-being between patients with and without CI. Clinically stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, referred for pulmonary rehabilitation, underwent a neuropsychological examination. Functional exercise capacity (6-minute walk test [6MWT]), daily activities (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure [COPM]), health status (COPD Assessment Test [CAT]) and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire-COPD specific [SGRQ-C]), and psychological well-being (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS], Beck Depression Inventory [BDI], and Symptom Checklist 90 [SCL-90]) were compared between patients with and without CI. Of 183 COPD patients (mean age 63.6 (9.4) years, FEV1 54.8 (23.0%) predicted), 76 (41.5%) patients had CI. The prevalence was comparable across Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades 1–4 (44.8%, 40.0%, 41.0%, 43.5%, respectively, p = 0.97) and GOLD groups A–D (50.0%, 44.7%, 33.3%, 40.2%, respectively, p = 0.91). Patients with and without CI were comparable for demographics, smoking status, FEV1% predicted, mMRC, 6MWT, COPM, CAT, HADS, BDI, and SCL-90 scores. Clinical characteristics of COPD patients with and without CI are comparable. Assessment of CI in COPD, thus, requires an active case-finding approach.
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Hao, Guihua, Qiaojing Qiu, Lili Hou, and Fen Gu. "The Effect of Symptom Clusters and Sleep Disorder on Quality of Life among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (August 30, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1692480.
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Background. Symptoms (cough, dyspnea, fatigue, depression, and sleep disorder) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are related to poor quality of life (QOL). Better understanding of the symptom clusters (SCs) and sleep disorder in COPD patients could help to accelerate the development of symptom-management interventions. Objective. We aim to explore the effect of sleep disorder and symptom clusters on the QOL in patients with COPD. Methods. 223 patients with stable COPD from November 2019 to November 2020 at the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University in China were included in this cross-sectional survey. A demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, the Revised Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (RMSAS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the St George Respiratory Questionnaire for COPD (SGRQ-C) were completed by the patients. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to extract SCs, and logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors affecting QOL. Results. Three clusters were extracted: respiratory functional cluster, emotional cluster, and fatigue-sleep cluster. 70.4% of the participants were poor sleepers. Subgroup analysis showed that COPD patients with poor sleep quality were significantly different in QOL, emotional cluster, and fatigue-sleep cluster compared with patients with normal sleep. In multiple regression, sleep quality and respiratory functional cluster were associated with QOL. Conclusion. In patients with stable COPD, three symptom clusters were explored. Symptom clusters correlate with clinical features and negatively affect QOL. Appropriate interventions are expected to inform future approaches to symptom management. Future studies are needed to test interventions that may be effective at improving the QOL of COPD patients.
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Lokesh, Komarla Sundararaja, Ananya Ananth Rao, Sindaghatta Krishnarao Chaya, et al. "Associations of Vitamin D, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute exacerbations of COPD with anxiety and depression: a nested case control study." Wellcome Open Research 7 (March 11, 2022): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17439.1.
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Background: Lower vitamin D levels have not only been associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exacerbations and lower lung functions, but also with anxiety and depression. We examined the associations of severity of anxiety and depression using HAM-A (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale) and HAM-D (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) scores with COPD and vitamin D levels. Methods: Observational nested case control study was conducted in MUDHRA cohort. One hundred COPD subjects and 100 age- gender- matched non-COPD subjects (controls) underwent evaluation of socioeconomic status, respiratory symptoms, spirometry, severity of anxiety and depression, six minute walk test and estimation of serum vitamin D levels. Independent association of low vitamin D levels with severity of anxiety and depression was assessed by logistic regression. Results: COPD group had higher mean±SD anxiety and depression scores (HAM-A 8.0±3.5, HAM-D 8.72±4) compared to control group (HAM-A 4.51±2.2, HAM-D 4.3±2). The COPD group had 53 subjects with mild/moderate anxiety/depression whereas control group had 16 subjects with mild/moderate anxiety/depression. In COPD group, subjects with mild/moderate anxiety/depression had lower vitamin D levels compared to subjects with no/minimal anxiety/depression, while the difference in control group was not significant. In logistic regression, anxiety and depression levels had independent association with vitamin D levels, lung function variables, six-minute walk distance and presence of COPD. In COPD subgroup, anxiety and depression levels had independent association with breathlessness, GOLD FEV1 staging, CAT score, SGRQ-C Symptom score and exacerbation of COPD. Conclusions: Greater proportion of COPD subjects suffer from anxiety and depression as compared to subjects without COPD. Severity of anxiety and depression was greater in COPD subjects. Poorer lung functions, higher respiratory symptoms and lower vitamin D levels are associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression in COPD subjects. There is an urgent need to recognise anxiety and depression in COPD patients.
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Akhtar, Pooja M., Sujata Yardi, B. O. Tayade, Mayuri Pathak, and Bhargavi Saraf. "Mental health, sleep and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a correlational study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 6 (2018): 2036. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182284.
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Background: Co-morbid psychological impairments (depression and anxiety) are common in COPD and are often associated with increased disability, health care usage and morbidity. They also impair quality of life in COPD and are often not fully explored in the clinical management of COPD patients. Psychological distress may, however, contribute to sleep difficulties in all stages of disease severity. Both anxiety and depression have been shown to have a negative effect on the sleep and quality of life (QoL).Objectives: To study the correlation between depression, anxiety and sleep with quality of life in patients with COPD.Methodology: In a tertiary care hospital, this Observational study was conducted on 39 patients of age group 40-70 years, with spirometry confirmed COPD GOLD category I-IV and smokers with more than 5 years of disease who fulfilled were included in the study. Quality of life was assessed using SGRQ-C, SF-12 and CAT. Depression, Anxiety and Sleep were assessed using PHQ-9, GAD-7 and PSQI questionnaires respectively. The correlation between quality of life scores and mental health scores were analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.Results: Anxiety was significantly correlated with all the sub domains of SGRQ-C, PCS, MCS of SF-12 and the CAT score. (p value<0.001) Similarly, sleep was significantly correlated with all the three QoL Scales. (p value< 0.001) However, depression significantly correlated with all the subdomains of SGRQ-C and CAT except activity sub-domain of SGRQ-C and MCS of SF-12. (p value<0.001)Conclusion: Anxiety, Depression and Sleep moderately correlated with QoL scores in patients with COPD.
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Mahadevan, Renukadevi, Chaya Sindaghatta, and Vijay Samuel Raj Victor. "Response to Long Term Exercise Training in COPD." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 11 (2021): 849–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/182.
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The patient is a 64-year-old male. He presented with difficulty in breathing and was diagnosed with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) ten years back. He is a farmer and an active smoker, of 18 packs / year for 35 years. He began to experience dyspnoea when performing moderate exertion, dyspnoea grading of 3 as denoted by modified medical research council mMRC (Modified Medical Research Council) and productive cough with sputum, usually in the morning. He is on long-term oxygen therapy of 4 litres of oxygen for 16 hours per day for 2 years. He has a history of hospitalisation six times and 5 - 6 emergency consultations for acute exacerbation in the last 3 years. The patient was on regular treatment with long-acting inhaled beta-2 agonist (LABA) inhaler and long-acting anticholinergics or long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (LAMA) and corticosteroid (ICS) inhalers 200-400 micrograms (μg) three times a day and mometasone 400 μg, continuously. The patient’s body mass index (BMI) was 20.3 Kg / m2. His blood pressure was 140 / 80 mmHg, heart rate (HR) 74 bpm, respiratory rate (RR) 22 rpm and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) at rest was 95 %. Pulmonary auscultation revealed a diffusely reduced breath sounds, and no alterations were found in cardiac auscultation. The patient’s post-bronchodilator pulmonary function test was 52.2 % of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). In the six-minute walk test(6mwt), the patient walked a total distance of 294.4 meters, with variations in heart rate from 74bpm to 128bpm. Whenever peripheral oxygen saturation was reduced to 88 %, the patient had taken rest. The patient took rest two times, at the end of the second minute thirtyfive seconds and the end of the fourth minute forty-five seconds. The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea and exercise (BODE) mortality index were used to measure 4 years survival interpretation.1 Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) version (SGRQ-C) was used to measure the quality of life (QoL). After the initial assessment, the patient was enrolled in the pulmonary rehabilitation program. The first three months were supervised, exercise training constituted weekly educational sessions and meeting with the psychology support group and nutrition advice before beginning the exercise intervention. 2 The patient visited the institution three days per week for exercise training. The exercise constituted aerobic on the treadmill and intensity, in the beginning, was 80 % of the 6MWT speed, and Borg’s scale of perceived exertion was 4 as prescribed by American Thoracic Society (ATS). 3 The components of the program were warm-up sessions, conditioning, resistance exercise and a cool-down session. The patient was also advised home exercise program, which included resistance training using weighted sandbags for three sessions per week. The resistance added was based on 1 repetition maximum (RM) and 10RM. 80 % of 10 RM was the training intensity for resistance training for a larger group of muscles. 4 The weight was added gradually and ensured their rated perceived exertion (RPE) was at 4 during exercise. The patient’s outcomes were recorded after three months of training. After 12 weeks of supervised outpatient exercise intervention, the patient was advised home exercise program for the next 6 months. 5
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Thiel, V., A. Belloche, K. M. Menten, et al. "Small-scale physical and chemical structure of diffuse and translucent molecular clouds along the line of sight to Sgr B2." Astronomy & Astrophysics 623 (March 2019): A68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834467.
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Context. The diffuse and translucent molecular clouds traced in absorption along the line of sight to strong background sources have so far been investigated mainly in the spectral domain because of limited angular resolution or small sizes of the background sources. Aims. We aim to resolve and investigate the spatial structure of molecular clouds traced by several molecules detected in absorption along the line of sight to Sgr B2(N). Methods. We have used spectral line data from the EMoCA survey performed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), taking advantage of its high sensitivity and angular resolution. The velocity structure across the field of view is investigated by automatically fitting synthetic spectra to the detected absorption features, which allows us to decompose them into individual clouds located in the Galactic centre (GC) region and in spiral arms along the line of sight. We compute opacity maps for all detected molecules. We investigated the spatial and kinematical structure of the individual clouds with statistical methods and perform a principal component analysis to search for correlations between the detected molecules. To investigate the nature of the molecular clouds along the line of sight to Sgr B2, we also used archival Mopra data. Results. We identify, on the basis of c-C3H2, 15 main velocity components along the line of sight to Sgr B2(N) and several components associated with the envelope of Sgr B2 itself. The c-C3H2 column densities reveal two categories of clouds. Clouds in Category I (3 kpc arm, 4 kpc arm, and some GC clouds) have smaller c-C3H2 column densities, smaller linewidths, and smaller widths of their column density PDFs than clouds in Category II (Scutum arm, Sgr arm, and other GC clouds). We derive opacity maps for the following molecules: c-C3H2, H13CO+, 13CO, HNC and its isotopologue HN13C, HC15N, CS and its isotopologues C34S and 13CS, SiO, SO, and CH3OH. These maps reveal that most molecules trace relatively homogeneous structures that are more extended than the field of view defined by the background continuum emission (about 15′′, that is 0.08–0.6 pc depending on the distance). SO and SiO show more complex structures with smaller clumps of size ~5–8′′. Our analysis suggests that the driving of the turbulence is mainly solenoidal in the investigated clouds. Conclusions. On the basis of HCO+, we conclude that most line-of-sight clouds towards Sgr B2 are translucent, including all clouds where complex organic molecules were recently detected. We also conclude that CCH and CH are good probes of H2 in both diffuse and translucent clouds, while HCO+ and c-C3H2 in translucent clouds depart from the correlations with H2 found in diffuse clouds.
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Harris, A. I., R. Güsten, M. A. Requena-Torres та ін. "SOFIA/upGREAT Imaging Spectroscopy of the [C ii] 158 μm Fine-structure Line toward the Sgr A Region in the Galactic Center". Astrophysical Journal 985, № 1 (2025): 130. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adcb48.
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Abstract We present SOFIA/upGREAT velocity-resolved spectral imaging and analysis of the λ158 μm [C ii] spectral line toward the central 80 by 43 pc region of the Central Molecular Zone of the Galaxy. The field we imaged with 14″ (0.6 pc) spatial and 1 km s−1 spectral resolution contains the circumnuclear disk (CND) around the central black hole Sgr A*, the neighboring thermal Arched Filaments, the nonthermal filaments of the Radio Arc, and the three luminous central star clusters. [C ii] traces emission from the CND’s inner edge to material orbiting at a distance of approximately 6 pc. Its velocity field reveals no sign of inflowing material nor interaction with winds from the Sgr A East supernova remnant. Wide-field imaging of the Sgr A region shows multiple circular segments, including the thermal Arched Filaments, that are centered on a region that includes the Quintuplet cluster. We examine the possibility that the Arched Filaments and other large-scale arcs trace transient excitation events from supernova blast waves. Along the Arched Filaments, comparisons among far-infrared fine-structure lines show changes in the ionization state over small scales and that high-excitation lines are systematically shifted in position from the other lines. These also point to transient fast winds that produce shocks on the surface of the Arches cloud to produce additional local ultraviolet (UV) radiation to excite the Arched Filaments on a cloud surface illuminated by UV from hot stars.
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Yusef-Zadeh, F., H. Bushouse, R. G. Arendt, M. Wardle, J. M. Michail та C. J. Chandler. "Nonstop Variability of Sgr A* Using JWST at 2.1 and 4.8 μm Wavelengths: Evidence for Distinct Populations of Faint and Bright Variable Emission". Astrophysical Journal Letters 980, № 2 (2025): L35. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ada88b.
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Abstract We present the first results of JWST Cycle 1 and 2 observations of Sgr A* using NIRCam taken simultaneously at 2.1 and 4.8 μm for a total of ~48 hr over seven different epochs in 2023 and 2024. We find correlated variability at 2.1 and 4.8 μm in all epochs, continual short-timescale (a few seconds) variability, and epoch-to-epoch variable emission implying long-term (~days to months) variability of Sgr A*. A highlight of this analysis is the evidence for subminute, horizon-scale time variability of Sgr A*, probing inner accretion disk size scales. The power spectra of the light curves in each observing epoch also indicate long-term variable emission. With continuous observations, JWST data suggest that the flux of Sgr A* is fluctuating constantly. The flux density correlation exhibits a distinct break in the slope at ~3 mJy at 2.1 μm. The analysis indicates two different processes contributing to the variability of Sgr A*. Brighter emission trends toward shallower spectral indices than the fainter emission. Cross-correlation of the light curves indicates for the first time a time delay of 3–40 s in the 4.8 μm variability with respect to 2.1 μm. This phase shift leads to loops in plots of flux density versus spectral index as the emission rises and falls. Modeling suggests that the synchrotron emission from the evolving, age-stratified electron population reproduces the shape of the observed light curves with a direct estimate of the magnetic field strengths in the range between 40 and 90 G and an upper cutoff energy, E c , between 420 and 720 MeV.
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Bally, John. "The Herschel view of the Galactic center." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S303 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131400009x.
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AbstractThe 3.5 meter diameter Herschel Space Observatory conducted a ∼720 square-degree survey of the Galactic plane, the Herschel Galactic plane survey (Hi-GAL). These data provide the most sensitive and highest resolution observations of the far-IR to sub-mm continuum from the central molecular zone (CMZ) at λ = 70, 160, 250, 350, and 500 μm obtained to date. Hi-GAL can be used to map the distributions of temperature and column density of dust in CMZ clouds, warm dust in Hii regions, and identify highly embedded massive protostars and clusters and the dusty shells ejected by supergiant stars. These data enable classification of sources and re-evaluation of the current and recent star-formation rate in the CMZ. The outer CMZ beyond |l| = 0.9 degrees (Rgal > 130 pc) contains most of the dense (n > 104 cm−3 gas in the Galaxy but supports very little star formation. The Hi-GAL and Spitzer data show that almost all star formation occurs in clouds moving on x2 orbits at Rgal < 100 pc. While the 106 M⊙ Sgr B2 complex, the 50 km s−1 cloud near Sgr A, and the Sgr C region are forming clusters of massive stars, other clouds are relatively inactive star formers, despite their high densities, large masses, and compact sizes. The asymmetric distribution of dense gas about Sgr A* on degree scales (most dense CMZ gas and dust is at positive Galactic longitudes and positive VLSR) and compact 24 μm sources (most are at negative longitudes) may indicate that eposidic mini-starbursts occasionally ‘blow-out’ a portion of the gas on these x2 orbits. The resulting massive-star feedback may fuel the compact 30 pc scale Galactic center bubble associated with the Arches and Quintuplet clusters, the several hundred pc scale Sofue-Handa lobe, and the kpc-scale Fermi/LAT bubble, making it the largest ‘superbubble’ in the Galaxy. A consequence of this model is that in our Galaxy, instead of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) limiting star formation, star formation may limit the growth of the SMBH.
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Gandhi, Suroor S., Kathryn V. Johnston, Jason A. S. Hunt, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Chervin F. P. Laporte, and David W. Hogg. "Snails across Scales: Local and Global Phase-mixing Structures as Probes of the Past and Future Milky Way." Astrophysical Journal 928, no. 1 (2022): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac47f7.
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Abstract Signatures of vertical disequilibrium have been observed across the Milky Way’s (MW’s) disk. These signatures manifest locally as unmixed phase spirals in z–v z space (“snails-in-phase”), and globally as nonzero mean z and v z , wrapping around the disk into physical spirals in the x–y plane (“snails-in-space”). We explore the connection between these local and global spirals through the example of a satellite perturbing a test-particle MW-like disk. We anticipate our results to broadly apply to any vertical perturbation. Using a z–v z asymmetry metric, we demonstrate that in test-particle simulations: (a) multiple local phase-spiral morphologies appear when stars are binned by azimuthal action J ϕ , excited by a single event (in our case, a satellite disk crossing); (b) these distinct phase spirals are traced back to distinct disk locations; and (c) they are excited at distinct times. Thus, local phase spirals offer a global view of the MW’s perturbation history from multiple perspectives. Using a toy model for a Sagittarius (Sgr)–like satellite crossing the disk, we show that the full interaction takes place on timescales comparable to orbital periods of disk stars within R ≲ 10 kpc. Hence such perturbations have widespread influence, which peaks in distinct regions of the disk at different times. This leads us to examine the ongoing MW–Sgr interaction. While Sgr has not yet crossed the disk (currently, z Sgr ≈ −6 kpc, v z,Sgr ≈ 210 km s−1), we demonstrate that the peak of the impact has already passed. Sgr’s pull over the past 150 Myr creates a global v z signature with amplitude ∝ M Sgr, which might be detectable in future spectroscopic surveys.
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Morris, M. R., J. H. Zhao, and W. M. Goss. "Nonthermal filamentary radio features within 20 pc of the Galactic center." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S303 (2013): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314000933.
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AbstractDeep imaging of the Sgr A complex at 6 cm wavelength with the B and C configurations of the Karl G. Jansky VLA† has revealed a new population of faint radio filaments. Like their brighter counterparts that have been observed throughout the Galactic center on larger scales, these filaments can extend up to ∼10 parsecs, and in most cases are strikingly uniform in brightness and curvature. Comparison with a survey of Paschen-α emission reveals that some of the filaments are emitting thermally, but most of these structures are nonthermal: local magnetic flux tubes illuminated by synchrotron emission. The new image reveals considerable filamentary substructure in previously known nonthermal filaments (NTFs). Unlike NTFs previously observed on larger scales, which tend to show a predominant orientation roughly perpendicular to the Galactic plane, the NTFs in the vicinity of the Sgr A complex are relatively randomly oriented. Two well-known radio sources to the south of Sgr A – sources E and F – consist of numerous quasi-parallel filaments that now appear to be particularly bright portions of a much larger, strongly curved, continuous, nonthermal radio structure that we refer to as the “Southern Curl”. It is therefore unlikely that sources E and F are Hii regions or pulsar wind nebulae. The Southern Curl has a smaller counterpart on the opposite side of the Galactic center – the Northern Curl – that, except for its smaller scale and smaller distance from the center, is roughly point-reflection symmetric with respect to the Southern Curl. The curl features indicate that some field lines are strongly distorted, presumably by mass flows. The point symmetry about the center then suggests that the flows originate near the center and are somewhat collimated.
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Limberg, Guilherme, Anna B. A. Queiroz, Hélio D. Perottoni, et al. "Phase-space Properties and Chemistry of the Sagittarius Stellar Stream Down to the Extremely Metal-poor ([Fe/H] ≲ −3) Regime." Astrophysical Journal 946, no. 2 (2023): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acb694.
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Abstract In this work, we study the phase-space and chemical properties of the Sagittarius (Sgr) stream, the tidal tails produced by the ongoing destruction of the Sgr dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy, focusing on its very metal-poor (VMP; [Fe/H] < −2) content. We combine spectroscopic and astrometric information from SEGUE and Gaia EDR3, respectively, with data products from a new large-scale run of the StarHorse spectrophotometric code. Our selection criteria yield ∼1600 stream members, including >200 VMP stars. We find the leading arm (b > 0°) of the Sgr stream to be more metal-poor, by ∼0.2 dex, than the trailing one (b < 0°). With a subsample of turnoff and subgiant stars, we estimate this substructure’s stellar population to be ∼1 Gyr older than the thick disk’s. With the aid of an N-body model of the Sgr system, we verify that simulated particles stripped earlier (>2 Gyr ago) have present-day phase-space properties similar to lower metallicity stream stars. Conversely, those stripped more recently (<2 Gyr) are preferentially akin to metal-rich ([Fe/H] > −1) members of the stream. Such correlation between kinematics and chemistry can be explained by the existence of a dynamically hotter, less centrally concentrated, and more metal-poor population in Sgr dSph prior to its disruption, implying that this galaxy was able to develop a metallicity gradient before its accretion. Finally, we identified several carbon-enhanced metal-poor ([C/Fe] > +0.7 and [Fe/H] ≤ −1.5) stars in the Sgr stream, which might be in tension with current observations of its remaining core where such objects are not found.
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Ou 欧, Xiaowei 筱葳, Alexander Yelland, Anirudh Chiti, Anna Frebel, Guilherme Limberg, and Mohammad K. Mardini. "Early r-process Enrichment and Hierarchical Assembly Across the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy*." Astronomical Journal 169, no. 5 (2025): 279. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adc126.
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Abstract Dwarf galaxies like Sagittarius (Sgr) provide a unique window into the early stages of galactic chemical evolution, particularly through their metal-poor stars. By studying the chemical abundances of stars in the Sgr core and tidal streams, we can gain insights into the assembly history of this galaxy and its early heavy element nucleosynthesis processes. We efficiently selected extremely metal-poor candidates in the core and streams for high-resolution spectroscopic analysis using metallicity-sensitive photometry from SkyMapper DR2 and Gaia DR3 XP spectra, and proper motions. We present a sample of 37 Sgr stars with detailed chemical abundances, of which we identify 10 extremely metal-poor ([Fe/H] ≤ −3.0) stars, 25 very metal-poor ([Fe/H] ≤ −2.0) stars, and two metal-poor ([Fe/H] ≤ −1.0) stars. This sample increases the number of extremely metal-poor Sgr stars analyzed with high-resolution spectroscopy by a factor of 5. Of these stars, 15 are identified as members of the Sgr tidal stream, while the remaining 22 are associated with the core. We derive abundances for up to 20 elements and identify no statistically significant differences between the element abundance patterns across the core and stream samples. Intriguingly, we identify stars that may have formed in ultrafaint dwarf galaxies that accreted onto Sgr, in addition to patterns of C and r-process elements distinct from the Milky Way halo. Over half of the sample shows a neutron-capture element abundance pattern consistent with the scaled solar pure r-process pattern, indicating early r-process enrichment in the Sgr progenitor.
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Mauron, N., L. P. A. Maurin, and T. R. Kendall. "A catalogue of oxygen-rich pulsating giants in the Galactic halo and the Sagittarius stream." Astronomy & Astrophysics 626 (June 2019): A112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834089.
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To construct a catalogue of oxygen-rich (M) asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in the halo, complementing the catalogues of carbon-rich (C) stars, previous lists of Miras and SRa semi-regulars located in the northern hemisphere are merged and cleaned of various defects. After putting aside known C stars, characteristics such as colours and periods indicate that most of the remaining objects are M stars. Distances are obtained through the period-luminosity relation. By considering their position in the sky, stars lying at |Z| > 5 kpc are confirmed to be in majority in the Sgr tidal arms. The M stars are more numerous than C ones. Our distance scale is supported by two cool variables located in the Pal 4 globular cluster. Along the Sgr arms, there is reasonable agreement on distances of our objects with recent RR Lyrae distances. A few stars may be as distant as 150 kpc, with possibly four at the trailing arm apocentre, and two in the A16 sub-structure, angularly close to two C stars. Ninety radial velocities are collected from Gaia and other sources. A catalogue with 417 M pulsating AGB stars is provided. This catalogue contains ∼260 stars in the halo with |Z| > 5 kpc. Their Ks magnitudes range from 8 up to 13. For comparison, the catalogue also provides ∼150 stars in the disc having 5 < Ks < 8.
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Förstl, Hans, Alistair Burns, Raymond Levy, Nigel Cairns, Philip Luthert, and Peter Lantos. "Neuropathological Correlates of Behavioural Disturbance in Confirmed Alzheimer's Disease." British Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 3 (1993): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.163.3.364.
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Clinico-pathological correlations were examined in 54 patients with neuropathologically verified Alzheimer's disease (AD) who were part of a prospective study. Behavioural disturbance was documented using an expanded version of the Stockton Geriatric Rating Scale (SGRS). The subscores for physical disability (P), apathy (A) and communication failure (C) (summation score PAC) were closely correlated and were high in most patients during the late stages of illness. High PAC scores correlated with an earlier onset and longer duration of illness, lower brain weight, more severe tangle pathology in the parahippocampal gyrus and the frontal and parietal neocortex, and lower neuron counts in the hippocampus and basal nucleus of Meynert. Features of the Klüver-Bucy syndrome (range behaviour and hypermetamorphosis) were significantly associated with lower counts of large neurons in the parahippocampal gyrus and parietal neocortex, but not with more severe plaque or tangle formation or with neuronal loss in the subcortical nuclei. No correction was made for multiple comparisons. These findings may signify decreased cortical inhibition in patients with relatively well preserved subcortical structures who show features suggestive of the Klüver-Bucy syndrome. High PAC scores on the SGRS could reflect more advanced and widespread cerebral pathology in the end stages of AD.
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Santa-Maria, M. G., J. R. Goicoechea, M. Etxaluze, J. Cernicharo, and S. Cuadrado. "Submillimeter imaging of the Galactic Center starburst Sgr B2." Astronomy & Astrophysics 649 (May 2021): A32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202040221.
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Context. Star-forming galaxies emit bright molecular and atomic lines in the submillimeter and far-infrared (FIR) domains. However, it is not always clear which gas heating mechanisms dominate and which feedback processes drive their excitation. Aims. The Sgr B2 complex is an excellent template to spatially resolve the main OB-type star-forming cores from the extended cloud environment and to study the properties of the warm molecular gas in conditions likely prevailing in distant extragalactic nuclei. Methods. We present 168 arcmin2 spectral images of Sgr B2 taken with Herschel/SPIRE-FTS in the complete ~450−1545 GHz band. We detect ubiquitous emission from mid-J CO (up to J = 12−11), H2O 21,1−20,2, [C I] 492, 809 GHz, and [N II] 205 μm lines. We also present velocity-resolved maps of the SiO (2−1), N2H+, HCN, and HCO+ (1−0) emission obtained with the IRAM 30 m telescope. Results. The cloud environment (~1000 pc2 around the main cores) dominates the emitted FIR (~80%), H2O 752 GHz (~60%) mid-J CO (~91%), [C I] (~93%), and [N II] 205 μm (~95%) luminosity. The region shows very extended [N II] 205 μm emission (spatially correlated with the 24 and 70 μm dust emission) that traces an extended component of diffuse ionized gas of low ionization parameter (U ≃ 10−3) and low LFIR / MH2 ≃ 4−11 L⊙M⊙−1 ratios (scaling as ∝Tdust6). The observed FIR luminosities imply a flux of nonionizing photons equivalent to G0 ≈ 103. All these diagnostics suggest that the complex is clumpy and this allows UV photons from young massive stars to escape from their natal molecular cores. The extended [C I] emission arises from a pervasive component of neutral gas with nH ≃ 103 cm−3. The high ionization rates in the region, produced by enhanced cosmic-ray (CR) fluxes, drive the gas heating in this component to Tk ≃ 40−60 K. The mid-J CO emission arises from a similarly extended but more pressurized gas component (Pth / k ≃ 107 K cm−3): spatially unresolved clumps, thin sheets, or filaments of UV-illuminated compressed gas (nH ≃ 106 cm−3). Specific regions of enhanced SiO emission and high CO-to-FIR intensity ratios (ICO / IFIR ≳ 10−3) show mid-J CO emission compatible with C-type shock models. A major difference compared to more quiescent star-forming clouds in the disk of our Galaxy is the extended nature of the SiO and N2H+ emission in Sgr B2. This can be explained by the presence of cloud-scale shocks, induced by cloud-cloud collisions and stellar feedback, and the much higher CR ionization rate (>10−15 s−1) leading to overabundant H3+ and N2H+. Conclusions. Sgr B2 hosts a more extreme environment than star-forming regions in the disk of the Galaxy. As a usual template for extragalactic comparisons, Sgr B2 shows more similarities to nearby ultra luminous infrared galaxies such as Arp 220, including a “deficit” in the [C I] / FIR and [N II] / FIR intensity ratios, than to pure starburst galaxies such as M 82. However, it is the extended cloud environment, rather than the cores, that serves as a useful template when telescopes do not resolve such extended regions in galaxies.
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Ahmadi, Afsane, Mohammad Hassan Eftekhari, Zohreh Mazloom, et al. "Inflammatory Status in Moderate and Severe COPD Patients: What Are the Related Factors?" Journal of Molecular Biology Research 10, no. 1 (2020): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmbr.v10n1p155.
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Background: Systemic inflammation is believed to have an important role in pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and its related factors should be considered in monitoring of the disease. In the current study, possible link between inflammatory status and various related factors in patients with COPD was assessed. Method: Sixty-one COPD patients according to the inclusion criteria participated in this study. For assessing nutritional status, SGA (subjective global assessment) and 24-hour dietary recall method were used and Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed by St. George&rsquo;s respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ), instrumental activities of daily living scales (IADLs), and Katz Index. Moreover, Anthropometric and body composition measurements including weight, height, BMI, FFM, and FFMI were measured by standard methods and BIA. Additionally, muscle strength was assessed using a hydraulic hand dynamometer. Finally, blood samples were collected to assess biochemical factors including TNF-&alpha;, IL-6, MDA, vitamin C, magnesium, and Glutathione. Stepwise model was performed for evaluating the relationship between inflammatory markers (TNF-&alpha; and IL-6) and associated markers mentioned above. Characteristics of participants were expressed in percentage and mean &plusmn;SD and analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The results of the current study showed that the intake of PUFA and vegetables, plasma vitamin C and serum MDA could possibly affect inflammation according to IL-6 and TNF- &alpha; concentrations. On the other hand, systemic inflammation (IL-6 and TNF-) aggravated mean right and left handgrip strength, Katz index and nutritional status (SGA score) significantly (P &lt;0.05). Conclusion: To sum up, our results confirmed the inter-relationship between inflammatory markers and intake of some dietary components, oxidative stress biomarkers, muscle function, and nutritional status in COPD patients. These factors might affect over each other and further studies are needed to better elucidate this issue.
 
 Background: Systemic inflammation is believed to have an important role in pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and its related factors should be considered in monitoring of the disease. In the current study, possible link between inflammatory status and various related factors in patients with COPD was assessed.
 
 Method: Sixty-one COPD patients according to the inclusion criteria participated in this study. For assessing nutritional status, SGA (subjective global assessment) and 24-hour dietary recall method were used and Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed by St. George&rsquo;s respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ), instrumental activities of daily living scales (IADLs), and Katz Index. Moreover, Anthropometric and body composition measurements including weight, height, BMI, FFM, and FFMI were measured by standard methods and BIA. Additionally, muscle strength was assessed using a hydraulic hand dynamometer. Finally, blood samples were collected to assess biochemical factors including TNF-&alpha;, IL-6, MDA, vitamin C, magnesium, and Glutathione. Stepwise model was performed for evaluating the relationship between inflammatory markers (TNF-&alpha; and IL-6) and associated markers mentioned above. Characteristics of participants were expressed in percentage and mean &plusmn;SD and analyzed by SPSS software. 
 
 Results: The results of the current study showed that the intake of PUFA and vegetables, plasma vitamin C and serum MDA could possibly affect inflammation according to IL-6 and TNF- &alpha; concentrations. On the other hand, systemic inflammation (IL-6 and TNF-) aggravated mean right and left handgrip strength, Katz index and nutritional status (SGA score) significantly (P &lt;0.05).
 
 Conclusion: To sum up, our results confirmed the inter-relationship between inflammatory markers and intake of some dietary components, oxidative stress biomarkers, muscle function, and nutritional status in COPD patients. These factors might affect over each other and further studies are needed to better elucidate this issue.
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Fazekas-Pongor, V., M. Fekete, P. Balazs, et al. "Health-related quality of life of COPD patients aged over 40 years." Physiology International 108, no. 2 (2021): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2060.2021.00017.
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AbstractBackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth most frequent disease globally, and its worldwide prevalence is projected to increase in the following decades. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of COPD patients depends on multiple factors.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the most important risk factors affecting HRQOL of COPD patients and to measure how specific clinical parameters can predict HRQOL.MethodsA questionnaire-based cross-sectional study combined with clinical data was conducted among patients diagnosed with COPD (n = 321, 52.6% females, mean age 66.4 ± 9.5) at the National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Budapest in 2019–2020. The inclusion criteria were age ≥40 years and existing COPD. Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted on three components of the COPD-specific Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ-C) and on the physical (PCS) and mental component scales (MCS) of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of patient and disease characteristics on COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores.ResultsWe found that frequent exacerbations, multiple comorbidities and tobacco smoking were associated with worse HRQOL. Engaging in more frequent physical activity and better 6-minute walking distance results were associated with better HRQOL.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the complex therapy of COPD should focus not only on improving lung functions and preventing exacerbation, but also on treating comorbidities, encouraging increased physical activity, and supporting smoking cessation to assure better HRQOL for patients.
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Jacob, Arshia M., Karl M. Menten, Helmut Wiesemeyer, Rolf Güsten, Friedrich Wyrowski, and Bernd Klein. "First detection of 13CH in the interstellar medium." Astronomy & Astrophysics 640 (August 2020): A125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937385.
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In recent years, a plethora of observations with high spectral resolution of sub-millimetre and far-infrared transitions of methylidene (CH), conducted with Herschel and SOFIA, have demonstrated this radical to be a valuable proxy for molecular hydrogen that can be used for characterising molecular gas within the interstellar medium on a Galactic scale, including the CO-dark component. We report the discovery of the 13CH isotopologue in the interstellar medium using the upGREAT receiver on board SOFIA. We have detected the three hyperfine structure components of the ≈2 THz frequency transition from its X2Π1∕2 ground-state towards the high-mass star-forming regions Sgr B2(M), G34.26+0.15, W49(N), and W51E and determined 13CH column densities. The ubiquity of molecules containing carbon in the interstellar medium has turned the determination of the ratio between the abundances of the two stable isotopes of carbon, 12C/13C, into a cornerstone for Galactic chemical evolution studies. Whilst displaying a rising gradient with galactocentric distance, this ratio, when measured using observations of different molecules (CO, H2CO, and others), shows systematic variations depending on the tracer used. These observed inconsistencies may arise from optical depth effects, chemical fractionation, or isotope-selective photo-dissociation. Formed from C+ either through UV-driven or turbulence-driven chemistry, CH reflects the fractionation of C+, and does not show any significant fractionation effects, unlike other molecules that were previously used to determine the 12C/13C isotopic ratio. This makes it an ideal tracer for the 12C/13C ratio throughout the Galaxy. By comparing the derived column densities of 13CH with previously obtained SOFIA data of the corresponding transitions of the main isotopologue 12CH, we therefore derive 12C/13C isotopic ratios toward Sgr B2(M), G34.26+0.15, W49(N) and W51E. Adding our values derived from 12∕13CH to previous calculations of the Galactic isotopic gradient, we derive a revised value of 12C/13C = 5.87(0.45)RGC + 13.25(2.94).
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Armijos-Abendaño, J., W. E. Banda-Barragán, J. Martín-Pintado, H. Dénes, C. Federrath, and M. A. Requena-Torres. "Structure and kinematics of shocked gas in Sgr B2: further evidence of a cloud–cloud collision from SiO emission maps." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 499, no. 4 (2020): 4918–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3119.
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ABSTRACT We present SiO J = 2–1 maps of the Sgr B2 molecular cloud, which show shocked gas with a turbulent substructure comprising at least three cavities at velocities of $[10,40]\, \rm km\, s^{-1}$ and an arc at velocities of $[-20,10]\, \rm km\, s^{-1}$. The spatial anticorrelation of shocked gas at low and high velocities, and the presence of bridging features in position-velocity diagrams suggest that these structures formed in a cloud–cloud collision. Some of the known compact H ii regions spatially overlap with sites of strong SiO emission at velocities of $[40,85]\, \rm km\, s^{-1}$, and are between or along the edges of SiO gas features at $[100,120]\, \rm km\, s^{-1}$, suggesting that the stars responsible for ionizing the compact H ii regions formed in compressed gas due to this collision. We find gas densities and kinetic temperatures of the order of $n_{\rm H_2}\sim 10^5\, \rm cm^{-3}$ and $\sim 30\, \rm K$, respectively, towards three positions of Sgr B2. The average values of the SiO relative abundances, integrated line intensities, and line widths are ∼10−9, $\sim 11\, \rm K\, km\, s^{-1}$, and $\sim 31\, \rm km\, s^{-1}$, respectively. These values agree with those obtained with chemical models that mimic grain sputtering by C-type shocks. A comparison of our observations with hydrodynamical simulations shows that a cloud–cloud collision that took place $\lesssim 0.5\, \rm Myr$ ago can explain the density distribution with a mean column density of $\bar{N}_{\rm H_2}\gtrsim 5\times 10^{22}\, \rm cm^{-2}$, and the morphology and kinematics of shocked gas in different velocity channels. Colliding clouds are efficient at producing internal shocks with velocities $\sim 5\!-\!50\, \rm km\, s^{-1}$. High-velocity shocks are produced during the early stages of the collision and can readily ignite star formation, while moderate- and low-velocity shocks are important over longer time-scales and can explain the widespread SiO emission in Sgr B2.
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Susatyo, Priyo, Sugiharto Sugiharto, Hana Hana, and Titi Chasanah. "Effects of Some Feed Suplements Types to the Growth of Javaen Barb/Brek Fish (Puntius orphoides) Second Filial as Domestication Product." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 8, no. 3 (2016): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v8i3.5517.
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<p>Aquaculture can be improved by a diversified approach in the form of domestication research of a wild fish. The research has been done by cultivating Javaen Barb/Brek (<em>Puntius orphoides</em>) from Serayu river, Banyumas at a natural pond and laboratory scale. Brek fish is relative slow in growth and development of gonad. This research is aimed to determine: (1) the rate of general growth of Brek in the provision of some kinds of additional food; (2) Relative Growth Rate (RGR); (3) Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion (FC). The research used experimental methods. The method was a completely randomized design (CRD) of 4 treatments and 3 replicationsof: A = 100% pellet; B = 70% soybean sprout and 30% pellet; C = 70% <em>Ipomoea aquatica </em>leaf and 30% pellet; D = 35% soybean sprouts, 35% <em>I. aquatica </em>leaf and 30% pellet. Quantitative data were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the fishes growth.The results show influence of feed types to the Relative Growth Rate (RGR) of Javaean Barb. The best RGR with the value of 72.40 was given by feed types in the D combination. Meanwhile, Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion (FC) were not affected by the feed types. The study were expected to provide suggestions for efficient feeding techniques in attempts at domestication of wild fish.</p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Susatyo, P., Sugiharto, S., Hana, H., &amp; Chasanah, T. (2016). Effects of Some Feed Suplements Types to The Growth of Javaen Barb/Brek Fish (Puntius orphoides) Second Filial As Domestication Product. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education</em>, 8(3), 278-285. </p>
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LaRosa, T. N., Namir E. Kassim, T. Joseph W. Lazio, and S. D. Hyman. "The Galactic Center at 327 MHz." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 199 (2002): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900169086.
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Figure 1 presents a wide-field, high dynamic-range, 327 MHz VLA2 image of the Galactic center (GC). This image was constructed from archival VLA data using new 3-D image restoration techniques which resolve the problem of non-coplanar baselines encountered at long wavelengths. In a recent paper (LaRosa et al. 2000) we presented a catalog of over a hundred sources from this image, 23 extended sources and 78 small-diameter sources. The catalog contains flux densities, positions, sizes, and, where possible, a 20/90 cm spectral index. We also present subimages of all the extended sources. We refer the reader to LaRosa et al. (2000) for the details. In this note we will concentrate on observations of the nonthermal filaments and briefly describe a new model for their formation.The origin and evolution of the nonthermal filaments (NTFs) observed in the GC is an outstanding problem. All of the 7 classified NTFs are visible on Figure 1: Four of these are labeled threads, the other three are the “Snake,” the “Pelican,” and the Sgr C filament. The wide-field imaging at 327 MHz lead to the discovery of the “Pelican” (Lang et al. 1999). This filament has the distinction of being the farthest NTF in projection from Sgr A and the only NTF that is parallel to the Galactic plane. One critical issue for understanding the activity and overall structure of the GC is whether these filamentary sources trace a pervasive, large-scale magnetic field or are local independent structures (e.g., Yusef-Zadeh 1989; Morris 1994, 1996; Uchida & Gusten 1995; Yusef-Zadeh, Wardle & Parastaran 1997; Shore & LaRosa 1999; Lang et al. 1999; Lang, Morris & Echevarria 1999; LaRosa et al. 2000).
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Lu 吕, Xing 行., Junhao 峻豪 Liu 刘, Thushara Pillai, et al. "Magnetic Fields in the Central Molecular Zone Influenced by Feedback and Weakly Correlated with Star Formation." Astrophysical Journal 962, no. 1 (2024): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1395.
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Abstract Magnetic fields of molecular clouds in the central molecular zone (CMZ) have been relatively under-observed at sub-parsec resolution. Here, we report JCMT/POL2 observations of polarized dust emission in the CMZ, which reveal magnetic field structures in dense gas at ∼0.5 pc resolution. The 11 molecular clouds in our sample include two in the western part of the CMZ (Sgr C and a farside cloud candidate), four around the Galactic longitude 0 (the 50 km s−1 cloud, CO 0.02−0.02, the Stone, and the Sticks and Straw among the Three Little Pigs), and five along the Dust Ridge (G0.253+0.016, clouds b, c, d, and e/f), for each of which we estimate the magnetic field strength using the angular dispersion function method. The morphologies of magnetic fields in the clouds suggest potential imprints of feedback from expanding H ii regions and young massive star clusters. A moderate correlation between the total viral parameter versus the star formation rate (SFR) and the dense gas fraction of the clouds is found. A weak correlation between the mass-to-flux ratio and the SFR, and a weak anticorrelation between the magnetic field and the dense gas fraction are also found. Comparisons between magnetic fields and other dynamic components in clouds suggest a more dominant role of self-gravity and turbulence in determining the dynamical states of the clouds and affecting star formation at the studied scales.
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Resende, Luís, Juan Flores, Cláudia Moreira, et al. "Effective and Low-Maintenance IMTA System as Effluent Treatment Unit for Promoting Sustainability in Coastal Aquaculture." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (2021): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010398.
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Integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) is a versatile technology emerging as an ecological and sustainable solution for traditional monoculture aquacultures in terms of effluent treatment. Nevertheless, IMTA is still poorly applied in aquaculture industry due to, among other reasons, the lack of effective, low-investment and low-maintenance solutions. In this study, one has developed a practical and low maintenance IMTA-pilot system, settled in a semi-intensive coastal aquaculture. The optimisation and performance of the system was validated using Ulva spp., a macroalgae that naturally grows in the fishponds of the local aquaculture. Several cultivation experiments were performed at lab-scale and in the IMTA-pilot system, in static mode. The specific growth rate (SGR), yield, nutrient removal, N and C enrichment, protein and pigment content were monitored. Ulva spp. successfully thrived in effluent from the fish species sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) production tanks and significantly reduced inorganic nutrient load in the effluent, particularly, NH4+, PO43− and NO3−. The enrichment of nitrogen in Ulva spp.’s tissues indicated nitrogen assimilation by the algae, though, the cultivated Ulva spp. showed lower amounts of protein and pigments in comparison to the wild type. This study indicates that the designed IMTA-pilot system is an efficient solution for fish effluent treatment and Ulva spp., a suitable effluent remediator.
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Juhi, Singh, Singh Arunendra, Mishra Santosh, and Kumar Rajan Maneesh. "Inter-Relationship of Neurocognitive Dysfunction and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Completely Edentulous Patients." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 3 (2024): 407–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10957978.
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<strong>Purpose: </strong>To record the incidence of cognitive dysfunction in edentulous patients suffering from obstructive sleepapnea (OSA) and establish a plausible hypothesis to explain the correlation of cognitive dysfunction and OSA. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>In this study, 315 edentulous patients (aged 60 to 65 years) visiting the outpatient department at Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow were recruited from January 2021 to October 2023. Prosthodontic Diagnostic Index (PDI) classification was used to assess the intraoral condition to relate it with the span of edentulousness. The BERLIN questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scales were used to diagnose sleep-disordered breathing, following which the patients were put through all-night polysomnography. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) scores were derived. Mild and moderate OSA patients were classified into mild, moderate, and severe cognitive dysfunction based on SGRQ-C and SCD. Data were tabulated according to a new classification (Cognitive Dysfunction of Dental Sleep Medicine Patients [CDDSMP] Classification) designed specifically for this study. Data were analyzed using SPSS v15.0. Scores were tabulated as mean ± SD and median [IQR] values. Change from baseline was analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test. <strong>Results: </strong>Mean scores at different time intervals were 3.03 ± 1.76 (3 months), 2.98 ± 1.80 (6 months), and 2.81 ± 1.84 (9 months). The median [IQR] values of scores at all time intervals except 9 months were 3 [1 to 5]. At 9 months, median [IQR] was 2 [1 to 5]. A significant change in scores was observed in the 3-month interval (<em>p </em>_ 0.001). <strong>Conclusions: </strong>The severity of OSA and neurocognitive dysfunction could be directly related to the PDI classification and the span of edentulousness of the patient and modified mandibular advancement device treatment significantly improved the patients’ condition, which was reflective from 3 months post-intervention itself.
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Mang, Qi, Jun Gao, Quanjie Li, Yi Sun, Gangchun Xu, and Pao Xu. "Probiotics Enhance Coilia nasus Growth Performance and Nutritional Value by Regulating Glucolipid Metabolism via the Gut–Liver Axis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 22 (2024): 12196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212196.
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Large-scale intensive feeding triggered reduced growth performance and nutritional value. Exogenous probiotics can promote the growth performance and nutritional value of fish through improving the intestinal microbiota. However, detailed research on the correlation between the intestinal microbiota, growth performance, and nutritional value remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we performed metagenomic and metabolomic analysis to investigate the effects of probiotic addition to basal diet (1.0 × 108 CFU/g) (PF) and water (1.0 × 108 CFU/g) (PW) on the growth performance, muscle nutritional value, intestinal microbiota and their metabolites, and glucolipid metabolism in Coilia nasus. The results showed that FBW, BL, and SGR were enhanced in PF and PW groups. The concentrations of EAAs, TAAs, SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs were increased in PF and PW groups. Metagenomic and metabolic analyses revealed that bacterial community structure and metabolism were changed in the PF and PW groups. Moreover, adding probiotics to diet and water increased SCFAs and bile acids in the intestine. The gene expression associated with lipolysis and oxidation (hsl, pparα, cpt1, and acadm) and glycolysis (gck and pfk) was upregulated, while the gene expression associated with lipid synthesis (srebp1, acc, dgat, and elovl6) and gluconeogenesis (g6pca1, g6pca2, and pck) was downregulated in the liver. Correlation analysis displayed that hepatic glucolipid metabolism was regulated through the microbiota–gut–liver axis. Mantel test analysis showed that growth performance and muscle nutritional value were improved by the gut–liver axis. Our findings offered novel insights into the mechanisms that underlie the enhancement of growth performance and nutritional value in C. nasus and other fish by adding probiotics.
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Montejo, L., C. Torrent, S. Martín, et al. "Cognitive reserve in Older Adults with Bipolar Disorder and its relationship with cognitive performance and psychosocial functioning." European Psychiatry 67, S1 (2024): S324—S325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.672.
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IntroductionCognitive reserve (CR) refers to the ability of the brain to cope with damage or pathology. In bipolar disorder (BD), it has been seen that the effects of the disease may potentially reduce CR, thus compromising cognitive outcomes. This concept takes on special relevance in late life in BD, due to the increased risk of cognitive decline because of the accumulative effects of the disease and the potential effects of aging. Therefore, we believe that CR may be a protective factor against cognitive decline in older adults with bipolar disorder (OABD).ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to study the CR in OABD compared with healthy controls (HC) and to analyze its association with psychosocial functioning and cognitive performance.MethodsA sample of euthymic OABD, defined as patients over 50 years old, and HC were included. CR was assessed using the CRASH scale. Differences in demographic, clinical, and cognitive variables between patients and HC were analyzed by t-test or X2 as appropriated. Lineal simple and multiple regressions analyses were used to study the association of CR and several clinical variables with functional and cognitive performance.ResultsA total of 83 participants (42 OABD and 41 HC) were included. Compared to HC, OABD exhibited poorer cognitive performance (p<0.001), psychosocial functioning (p<0.001) and lower CR (p<0.001). Within the patient’s group, the linear simple regression analysis revealed that CR was associated with psychosocial functioning (β=-2.16; p=0.037), attention (β= 3.03; p=0.005) and working memory (β = 2.98; p=0.005) while no clinical factors were associated. Age and CR were associated with processing speed and verbal memory, but after applying multiple regression model, only the effect of age remained significant (β =-2.26; p= 0.030, and β =-2.23; p= 0.032 respectively). CR, age, and number of episodes were related to visual memory, but the multiple regression showed that only age (β = -2.37; p= 0.023) and CR (β = 3.99; p<0.001) were associated. Regarding executive functions only the number of manic episodes were significant. CR and age at onset were associated with visuospatial ability, but multiple regression only showed association of CR (β =2.23; p=0.032). Other clinical factors such as number of depressive or hypomanic episodes, illness duration, admissions, type of BD, and psychotic symptoms were not associated.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that studies the CR in a sample of OABD. We demonstrated that OABD had lower CR than HC. Importantly, we observed that CR was associated with cognitive and psychosocial functioning in OABD, even more than disease-related factors. These results suggest the potential protector effect of CR against cognitive impairment, supporting that improving modifiable factors associated with the enhancement of CR can prevent cognitive decline.Disclosure of InterestL. Montejo: None Declared, C. Torrent Grant / Research support from: Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PI20/00344) integrated into the Plan Nacional de I+D+I and co-financed by the ISCIII-Subdireccion General de Evaluacio ́n and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), S. Martín: None Declared, A. Ruiz: None Declared, M. Bort: None Declared, G. Fico Grant / Research support from: Fellowship from “La Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434 - fellowship code LCF/BQ/DR21/11880019), V. Oliva: None Declared, M. De Prisco: None Declared, J. Sanchez-Moreno Grant / Research support from: Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PI20/00060) integrated into the Plan Nacional de I+D+I and co-financed by the ISCIII-Subdireccion General de Evaluacio ́n and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER),, E. Jimenez Grant / Research support from: Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PI20/00060)integrated into the Plan Nacional de I+D+I and co-financed by the ISCIII-Subdireccion General de Evaluacio ́n and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER),, A. Martinez-Aran: None Declared, E. Vieta Grant / Research support from: Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PI18/ 00805, PI21/00787) integrated into the Plan Nacional de I+D+I and cofinanced by the ISCIIISubdireccio ́n General de Evaluacio ́n and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); the Instituto de Salud Carlos III; the CIBER of Mental Health (CIBERSAM); the Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Economia i Coneixement (2017 SGR 1365), the CERCA Programme, and the Departament de Salut de la Generalitat de Catalunya for the PERIS grant SLT006/17/00357; the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (EU.3.1.1. Understanding health, wellbeing and disease: Grant No 754907 and EU.3.1.3. Treating and managing disease: Grant No 945151)., B. Sole: None Declared
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Merino, María, Renata Villoro, Álvaro Hidalgo-Vega, and Concepción Carmona. "Health-related quality of life of patients diagnosed with COPD in Extremadura, Spain: results from an observational study." Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 17, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12955-019-1244-4.
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Abstract Background COPD is a high prevalence chronic disease that involves large reductions of health-related quality of life (HRQL) of patients. This study aims to describe the HRQL of patients with COPD in Extremadura (Spain). Methods This is a cross-sectional observational study carried out using a representative sample of patients diagnosed with COPD in Extremadura. The inclusion criteria were patients of legal age, diagnosed with COPD at least 12 months prior to the visit, residing in Extremadura, with electronic medical records available for the 12 months prior to the visit and providing informed consent. The intervention aimed to elicit HRQL indicators obtained from two validated questionnaires: EuroQol - 5 Dimensions - 5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L), and St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire-COPD (SGRQ-C). The main outcome measures were general HRQL (utility and visual analogue scale) and specific quality of life of COPD patients (total score and three component scores: Symptoms, Activity, and Impacts). Stepwise multiple regression analysis was applied to evaluate the association of EQ-5D-5L and SGRQ-C with respect to clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of the patients. Results We recruited 386 patients (mean age 71.8 ± 10.3 years, 76.2% males). In the EQ-5D-5L, participants reported greater problems with respect to mobility (56.5%) and pain/discomfort (48.2%). The mean utility was 0.72 ± 0.31, and the SGRQ-C total score was 40.9 ± 25.0. The results of both questionnaires were associated with number of exacerbations in the last 12 months, level of COPD severity, gender, and education level of the patient (p < 0.05). Conclusions The results for both utility and total SGRQ-C score indicate that having suffered exacerbations in the last year, presenting a higher level of severity, being a woman, and having a low education level are related to worse HRQL in patients with COPD.
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Jacob, Anna, Kranti Garg, Kashish Dutta, Varinder Saini, Deepak Aggarwal, and Ajeet Sidana. "Role of detailed psychological evaluation and treatment in pulmonary rehabilitation programs for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease, February 27, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2024.2849.
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Psychological co-morbidities are common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but remain overlooked. Psychosocial interventions are deemed to promote mental health and optimize management. This study aimed to determine the role of detailed psychological evaluation and treatment in the comprehensive management of COPD. COPD patients after screening with the general health questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) for psychological co-morbidity were divided into three groups (26 patients each): i) group A [GHQ-12 score<3, received pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and standard medical management]; ii and iii) group B and C (GHQ-12 score>3, in addition, received management by a psychiatrist and counseling by a pulmonologist, respectively). At baseline and 8 weeks of follow-up, all participants were evaluated for respiratory [forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), six-minute walk distance (6-MWD), St. George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ), modified medical research council (mMRC) dyspnea scale], and psychological [GHQ-12, patient distress thermometer (PDT), coping strategy checklist (CSCL), World Health Organization-quality of life-brief (WHOQOL-Bref-26), and depression anxiety stress scales (DASS)] parameters. Psychological distress (GHQ-12>3) decreased significantly at follow-up, with 11.5% and 53.8% of patients having psychological distress in groups B and C, respectively, versus baseline (p<0.001). mMRC score, SGRQ score, FEV1 and 6-MWD significantly improved in all three groups. Improvement in mMRC and SGRQ was maximal in group B when compared with the other groups. PDT, CSCL, and WHO-QOL-Bref-26 scores improved significantly at follow-up in all three groups, with maximum improvement in group B, followed by group C, and then group A. The DASS score also improved maximally in group B. Patients should be screened for psychological co-morbidities using simple screening tools. PR plays an important role in improving the psychology of COPD patients. However, results are better with directed psycho-educative sessions by non-experts and best with definitive treatment by psychiatrists.
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Morita, Atsuho, Kazuma Yagi, Takanori Asakura, et al. "Longitudinal significance of six-minute walk test in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an observational study." BMC Pulmonary Medicine 23, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12890-023-02528-y.
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Abstract Background The long-term exercise tolerance changes in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) are of great interest because of its chronic course. This study aimed to characterize the associations between changes over time in six-minute walking test (6MWT) parameters and clinical parameters in patients with NTM-PD. Methods Overall, 188 patients with NTM-PD, visiting outpatient clinics at Keio University Hospital from April 2012 to March 2020 were included in the study. Data were collected using the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), pulmonary function test (PFT), blood tests, and the 6MWT at registration and at least once after that. The association of the anchors and clinical indicators with the 6MWT parameters was assessed. Results The median age [interquartile range] of the patients was 67 [63–74] years. The median baseline six-minute walk distance (6MWD) and final Borg scale (FBS) were 413 [361–470] m and 1 [0–2], respectively. In the correlation analysis, ΔSGRQ total/year (yr), Δforced vital capacity (FVC, % predicted)/yr, Δforced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1, % predicted)/yr, and Δdiffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO, % predicted)/yr correlated with both Δ6MWD/yr and ΔFBS/yr in the longitudinal analysis (|Rho| > 0.20). When stratified into three quantiles of changes in each anchor, the 6MWT parameters worsened over time in the bottom 25% group by mixed-effects model. Specifically, Δ6MWD was affected by SGRQ activity, SGRQ impacts, PFT (FVC, FEV1, and DLCO), and C-reactive protein (CRP). ΔFBS was affected by all SGRQ components, total score, and PFT. Anchor scores and variables at baseline that worsened Δ6MWD were higher SGRQ scores, lower FVC (% predicted), lower DLCO (% predicted), higher Krebs von den Lungen-6, old age, and undergoing treatment at registration. Similarly, these clinical parameters and elevated CRP, excluding undergoing treatment at registration, worsened ΔFBS. Conclusions The decreased walking distance and exacerbation of dyspnea on exertion over time in patients with NTM-PD may reflect a deterioration of health-related quality of life and pulmonary function. Thus, the change in 6MWT over time can be used as an indicator to accurately assess the patient’s condition and tailor their healthcare environment.
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von Siemens, Sarah Marietta, Robert Perneczky, Claus F. Vogelmeier, et al. "The association of cognitive functioning as measured by the DemTect with functional and clinical characteristics of COPD: results from the COSYCONET cohort." Respiratory Research 20, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12931-019-1217-5.
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AbstractAlterations of cognitive functions have been described in COPD. Our study aimed to disentangle the relationship between the degree of cognitive function and COPD characteristics including quality of life (QoL).Data from 1969 COPD patients of the COSYCONET cohort (GOLD grades 1–4; 1216 male/ 753 female; mean (SD) age 64.9 ± 8.4 years) were analysed using regression and path analysis. The DemTect screening tool was used to measure cognitive function, and the St. George‘s respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) to assess disease-specific QoL.DemTect scores were < 9 points in 1.6% of patients and < 13 points in 12% when using the original evaluation algorithm distinguishing between < 60 or > =60 years of age. For statistical reasons, we used the average of both algorithms independent of age in all subsequent analyses. The DemTect scores were associated with oxygen content, 6-min-walking distance (6-MWD), C-reactive protein (CRP), modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale (mMRC) and the SGRQ impact score. Conversely, the SGRQ impact score was independently associated with 6-MWD, FVC, mMRC and DemTect. These results were combined into a path analysis model to account for direct and indirect effects. The DemTect score had a small, but independent impact on QoL, irrespective of the inclusion of COPD-specific influencing factors or a diagnosis of cognitive impairment.We conclude that in patients with stable COPD lower oxygen content of blood as a measure of peripheral oxygen supply, lower exercise capacity in terms of 6-MWD, and higher CRP levels were associated with reduced cognitive capacity. Furthermore, a reduction in cognitive capacity was associated with reduced disease-specific quality of life. As a potential clinical implication of this work, we suggest to screen especially patients with low oxygen content and low 6-MWD for cognitive impairment.
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Zhang, Chang-hong, Jian-hua Liu, Jian-qing Zhao, Zhi-hua Zhang, and Xin Gu. "Clinical Study on the effect of Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on COPD complicated with Anxiety and Depression." Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 39, no. 5 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7259.
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Objectives: To investigate the effect of bi-level positive airway pressure (BIPAP) therapy on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with anxiety and depression.
 Methods: This is a retrospective study. One hundred patients with COPD complicated with anxiety and depression who were admitted to the Respiratory Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from August 2021 to August 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the control group were given conventional symptomatic treatment, while those in the observation group were given BIPAP therapy in addition to the treatment in the control group. The two groups were compared and analyzed in terms of respiratory function indicators, the changes in the scores of St. George’s Hospital Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and COPD assessment test (CAT), blood gas analysis indicators, the levels of serum neurokinin A (NKA), serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), and serum serotonin (5-HT), as well as the changes in the scores of Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD).
 Results: After treatment, the levels of lung function indicators in both groups increased, SGRQ and CAT scores decreased, and pH levels remained unchanged. In addition, PaO2 levels increased, PCO2, 5-HT, NKA and IL-6 levels decreased, and HAMA and HAMD scores decreased. The improvement degree of each indicator in the observation group was superior to that in the control group.
 Conclusion: In the clinical treatment of COPD complicated with anxiety and depression, BIPAP boasts effective amelioration of lung function and relief of anxiety and depression symptoms, and its mechanism of action may have a close bearing on ameliorating the levels of 5-HT, NKA, and IL-6 in patients.
 doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7259
 How to cite this: Zhang C, Liu J, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Gu X. Clinical Study on the effect of Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on COPD complicated with Anxiety and Depression. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7259
 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Sarioglu, Nuhran, Aylin Ozgen Alpaydin, Aysın Sakar Coskun, Pınar Celik, Beyhan Cengiz Ozyurt, and Arzu Yorgancioglu. "Relationship between BODE index, quality of life and inflammatory cytokines in COPD patients." Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine 5 (December 9, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mrm.2010.515.
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 Background and aims: Recently a multidimensional grading system based on the body mass index (B), degree of airflow obstruction (O), dyspnea (D) and exercise capacity (E) - the BODE index - has begun to be used increasingly for the evaluation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The aim of our study was to investigate the relation- ship between the BODE index and disease duration, annual exacerbation and hospitalization rates, health related quality of life and systemic inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-8.
 Materials and methods: In 88 stable COPD patients we evalu- ated the body-mass index, pulmonary function tests, Modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale and six- minute walk test (6MWT). BODE scores were determined. Disease duration, number of exacerbations and hospitaliza- tion in the previous year were recorded. We also performed arterial blood gases analysis, administered the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and measured serum lev- els of CRP, TNF-α, IL-8.
 Results: According to BODE score 52% of patients were BODE 1, 21% BODE 2, 15% BODE 3 and 12% were BODE 4. There was a significant relationship between BODE index and COPD stage as classified according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) (p < 0.001). Correlations between BODE score and disease duration (p = 0.011), number of exacerbations (p < 0.001) and hospitaliza- tions (p < 0.001) in the last year were also observed. SGRQ symptom, activity, emotion scores and total scores were found to be significantly correlated to BODE (p < 0.001). Serum CRP levels and BODE were also correlated (p = 0.014); however, no correlation was found between serum levels of TNF-α and IL-8 and BODE.
 
 
 Conclusions: As the BODE index shows a strong correlation with various prognostic and follow up parameters of COPD and systemic inflammation, its use should be considered for the evaluation of COPD patients.
 
 
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Moradkhani, Boyuk, Samaneh Mollazadeh, Parastoo Niloofar, Afsaneh Bashiri, and Mohammad Bagher Oghazian. "Association between medication adherence and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences 7, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40780-021-00222-x.
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Abstract Background Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the prominent cause of mortality worldwide. Nowadays, the level of medication adherence in COPD patients is very low, which reduces the clinical therapeutic effects. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between medication adherence and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in COPD patients referred to the pulmonologist’s office. Methods This observational study was performed on 100 COPD outpatient cases. Each patient was interviewed to answer questionnaires regarding demographic and clinical information. To assess quality of life, health status, and severity of dyspnea, the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire - COPD-Specific Version (SGRQ-C), COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and Modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) questionnaires were used, respectively. Persian version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8-Item) was used to measure medication adherence. To determine the adherence predictors, an ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed. Results Out of 100 patients with mean (±SD) age of 61.35 (±10.79) years, 74% had medium and high medication adherence. In the final ordinal logistic model, quality of life, health status, and education level found to have positive effect on medication adherence while polypharmacy had negative effect. We did not find any significant association between age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), and other variables with medication adherence. Conclusions Patients with high quality of life are more adherent to their medications. Furthermore, patients who have polypharmacy, tend to have less adherence to their medications.
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Ye, Wang, Li Danye, Cui Jingjing, et al. "Study protocol for evaluating the efficacy of early pulmonary rehabilitation combined with an internet-based patient management model in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A practical, multicentre, randomized controlled study from China." ERJ Open Research, June 20, 2024, 00995–2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00995-2023.
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BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a preventable and treatable disease, is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitations, with high incidence, disability, mortality, and disease burden. Currently, drug treatments mainly include bronchodilators and glucocorticoids, which are used to alleviate symptoms and improve lung function. Traditional medical care models and patients' lack of understanding of the disease result in regular and long-term hospitalizations, affect patients’ quality of life and cause a need to explore more effective comprehensive intervention plans.MethodsThis study is designed as a multicentre, randomized controlled trial consisting of three parallel groups. Group A will receive early pulmonary rehabilitation in the hospital and remote internet pulmonary rehabilitation after discharge. Group B will receive the same early pulmonary rehabilitation in the hospital but outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation after discharge for 8 weeks and routine follow-up management. Group C will receive outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation during a stable period of 3–4 weeks after discharge and routine follow-up management. One thousand four hundred eighty-two patients (Group A=Group B=Group C=494) will be enrolled from ten centres in China. The primary outcome measure will be the mean difference in the change in readmission rates due to acute exacerbation at 90 days and the 12-month readmission rate due to acute exacerbation. The secondary outcomes will mainly include differences in all-cause mortality; the number of acute exacerbations; COPD Assessment Test (CAT), Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale, and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores; the pulmonary rehabilitation treatment completion rate; patient compliance; and patient and physician satisfaction scores among the three groups at 3, 6, and 12 months after the different interventions. In addition, the proportion of people with≥2 acute exacerbations within 12 months and the time of the first acute exacerbation will also be included.ConclusionsThis study aims to further verify the substitutability of remote internet pulmonary rehabilitation for outpatient rehabilitation and its short-term and long-term effects in patients, providing comprehensive interventional evidence for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Sofue, Yoshiaki. "Three-dimensional structure of the central molecular zone." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, August 13, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac2243.
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Abstract A detailed comparison of HI and CO line cube data of the Galactic Center (GC) region from the archives is obtained. The central molecular zone (CMZ) is shown to be embedded in the HI disc (central HI zone, CHZ) of radius ∼320 pc and vertical scale height ∼70 pc. A radio continuum belt is shown to run parallel to molecular Arms I and II. The belt draws a double infinity (∞∞) on the sky, connecting Sgr E (l ∼ −1○.2), C, B1, B2 and Sgr D (+1○.2), and is interpreted as a warping star-forming ring. The molecular Arms are closely associated with the HI arms on the longitude-velocity diagram (LVD), showing coherent rigid-body ridges. Due to the close relationship between HI and CO, the HI line absorption can be used to determine the Arms’ position relative to Sgr A, B1, B2 and C. Combining the trigonometric data of proper motions of Sgr A* and maser sources of Sgr B2 as well as radial velocities, the 3D velocity vector of Sgr B2 is determined. From these analyses, the molecular Arm I with Sgr B2 is shown to be located in the near side of Sgr A*, and Arm II with Sgr C in the other side, both composing a pair of symmetrical Arms around the GC. We present a possible 3D view of Sgr A through E and Arms I and II along with a parameter list.
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Ibáñez, Ana Laura, Tanahiri Torres-Vázquez, and Sergio Humberto Álvarez-Hernández. "The Effect of High Temperature on the Growth Performance of Hybrid Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus X Oreochromis aureus Juveniles Reared in a Recycling System." Annual Research & Review in Biology, June 17, 2019, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2019/v32i130073.
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Tilapia juveniles live in littoral regions of freshwater ecosystems which have temperatures that may reach critical values for growth, especially in face of the onslaught of climate change. This study analyzes the effect of temperature (25, 30, 35, 40°C) on the growth and survival of hybrid tilapia juveniles in a re-circulating system. Duplicate groups of 30 juveniles were stocked in 200 L tanks in a closed, re-circulating system. Automatic heaters were used to establish the water temperatures, commercial food was supplied at 5% of their weight as daily ration. Fish were weighed and measured at 15-day intervals for a period of 3 months. Water temperature and dissolved oxygen were monitored daily. Ammonia, nitrates and dissolved reactive phosphorus were monitored every third day. Fish responses were estimated through variations in length, weight and inter-circuli space of fish scales. Average initial and final weight and length, Specific growth rate (SGR), Fulton Index (FI), Length-weight relationship and survival were used to assess tilapia growth performance. Weight, length, SGR and FI were significantly affected (P < 0.05) by water temperature. Growth of the fish reared at 30oC was almost one third greater than that at 25°C and one sixth greater than that at 35°C. Except for fish reared at 40°C, the other treatments showed a positive allometric growth, with the better results recorded for the 30 and 35°C treatments. The fish reared at 40°C survived only two weeks while the survival rate of 98, 90 and 88.3% for 25, 30 and 35°C, respectively.