Relevant bibliographies by topics / Shaʻb

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Academic literature on the topic 'Shaʻb'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Shaʻb"

1

Davar, Mitra. "“Mashq‐e Shab” (homework)." Iranian Studies 30, no. 3-4 (September 1997): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210869708701872.

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Peng, I.-Feng, and Chun-Fang Wu. "Differential Contributions of Shaker and Shab K+ Currents to Neuronal Firing Patterns in Drosophila." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 1 (January 2007): 780–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01012.2006.

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Different K+ currents participate in generating neuronal firing patterns. The Drosophila embryonic “giant” neuron culture system has facilitated current- and voltage-clamp recordings to correlate distinct excitability patterns with the underlying K+ currents and to delineate the mutational effects of identified K+ channels. Mutations of Sh and Shab K+ channels removed part of inactivating IA and sustained IK, respectively, and the remaining IA and IK revealed the properties of their counterparts, e.g., Shal and Shaw channels. Neuronal subsets displaying the delayed, tonic, adaptive, and damping spike patterns were characterized by different profiles of K+ current voltage dependence and kinetics and by differential mutational effects. Shab channels regulated membrane repolarization and repetitive firing over hundreds of milliseconds, and Shab neurons showed a gradual decline in repolarization during current injection and their spike activities became limited to high-frequency, damping firing. In contrast, Sh channels acted on events within tens of milliseconds, and Sh mutations broadened spikes and reduced firing rates without eliminating any categories of firing patterns. However, removing both Sh and Shal IA by 4-aminopyridine converted the delayed to damping firing pattern, demonstrating their actions in regulating spike initiation. Specific blockade of Shab IK by quinidine mimicked the Shab phenotypes and converted tonic firing to a damping pattern. These conversions suggest a hierarchy of complexity in K+ current interactions underlying different firing patterns. Different lineage-defined neuronal subsets, identifiable by employing the GAL4-UAS system, displayed different profiles of spike properties and K+ current compositions, providing opportunities for mutational analysis in functionally specialized neurons.
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3

Islas, Leon D., and Fred J. Sigworth. "Voltage Sensitivity and Gating Charge in Shaker and Shab Family Potassium Channels." Journal of General Physiology 114, no. 5 (October 25, 1999): 723–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.114.5.723.

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The members of the voltage-dependent potassium channel family subserve a variety of functions and are expected to have voltage sensors with different sensitivities. The Shaker channel of Drosophila, which underlies a transient potassium current, has a high voltage sensitivity that is conferred by a large gating charge movement, ∼13 elementary charges. A Shaker subunit's primary voltage-sensing (S4) region has seven positively charged residues. The Shab channel and its homologue Kv2.1 both carry a delayed-rectifier current, and their subunits have only five positively charged residues in S4; they would be expected to have smaller gating-charge movements and voltage sensitivities. We have characterized the gating currents and single-channel behavior of Shab channels and have estimated the charge movement in Shaker, Shab, and their rat homologues Kv1.1 and Kv2.1 by measuring the voltage dependence of open probability at very negative voltages and comparing this with the charge–voltage relationships. We find that Shab has a relatively small gating charge, ∼7.5 eo. Surprisingly, the corresponding mammalian delayed rectifier Kv2.1, which has the same complement of charged residues in the S2, S3, and S4 segments, has a gating charge of 12.5 eo, essentially equal to that of Shaker and Kv1.1. Evidence for very strong coupling between charge movement and channel opening is seen in two channel types, with the probability of voltage-independent channel openings measured to be below 10−9 in Shaker and below 4 × 10−8 in Kv2.1.
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4

Carrillo, Elisa, Imilla I. Arias-Olguín, León D. Islas, and Froylan Gómez-Lagunas. "Shab K+channel slow inactivation." Channels 7, no. 2 (March 17, 2013): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/chan.23569.

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5

Li, Xiaofan, Hansi Liu, Jose Chu Luo, Sarah A. Rhodes, Liana M. Trigg, Damian B. van Rossum, Andriy Anishkin, et al. "Major diversification of voltage-gated K+ channels occurred in ancestral parahoxozoans." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 9 (February 17, 2015): E1010—E1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422941112.

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We examined the origins and functional evolution of the Shaker and KCNQ families of voltage-gated K+ channels to better understand how neuronal excitability evolved. In bilaterians, the Shaker family consists of four functionally distinct gene families (Shaker, Shab, Shal, and Shaw) that share a subunit structure consisting of a voltage-gated K+ channel motif coupled to a cytoplasmic domain that mediates subfamily-exclusive assembly (T1). We traced the origin of this unique Shaker subunit structure to a common ancestor of ctenophores and parahoxozoans (cnidarians, bilaterians, and placozoans). Thus, the Shaker family is metazoan specific but is likely to have evolved in a basal metazoan. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the Shaker subfamily could predate the divergence of ctenophores and parahoxozoans, but that the Shab, Shal, and Shaw subfamilies are parahoxozoan specific. In support of this, putative ctenophore Shaker subfamily channel subunits coassembled with cnidarian and mouse Shaker subunits, but not with cnidarian Shab, Shal, or Shaw subunits. The KCNQ family, which has a distinct subunit structure, also appears solely within the parahoxozoan lineage. Functional analysis indicated that the characteristic properties of Shaker, Shab, Shal, Shaw, and KCNQ currents evolved before the divergence of cnidarians and bilaterians. These results show that a major diversification of voltage-gated K+ channels occurred in ancestral parahoxozoans and imply that many fundamental mechanisms for the regulation of action potential propagation evolved at this time. Our results further suggest that there are likely to be substantial differences in the regulation of neuronal excitability between ctenophores and parahoxozoans.
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6

Curtin, Kathryn D., Zhan Zhang, and Robert J. Wyman. "Gap junction proteins are not interchangeable in development of neural function in theDrosophilavisual system." Journal of Cell Science 115, no. 17 (September 1, 2002): 3379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.115.17.3379.

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Gap junctions (GJs) are composed of proteins from two distinct families. In vertebrates, GJs are composed of connexins; a connexin hexamer on one cell lines up with a hexamer on an apposing cell to form the intercellular channel. In invertebrates, GJs are composed of an unrelated protein family, the innexins. Different connexins have distinct properties that make them largely non-interchangeable in the animal. Innexins are also a large family with high sequence homology, and some functional differences have been reported. The biological implication of innexin differences, such as their ability to substitute for one another in the animal, has not been explored.Recently, we showed that GJ proteins are necessary for the development of normal neural transmission in the Drosophila visual system. Mutations in either of two Drosophila GJ genes (innexins), shakB and ogre, lead to a loss of transients in the electroretinogram (ERG),which is indicative of a failure of the lamina to respond to retinal cell depolarization. Ogre is required presynaptically and shakB(N)postsynaptically. Both act during development.Here we ask if innexins are interchangeable in their role of promoting normal neural development in flies. Specifically, we tested several innexins for their ability to rescue shakB2 and ogremutant ERGs and found that, by and large, innexins are not interchangeable. We mapped the protein regions required for this specificity by making molecular chimeras between shakB(N) and ogre and testing their ability to rescue both mutants. Each chimera rescued either shakB or ogre but never both. Sequences in the first half of each protein are necessary for functional specificity. Potentially crucial residues include a small number in the intracellular loop as well as a short stretch just N-terminal to the second transmembrane domain.Temporary GJs, possibly between the retina and lamina, may play a role in final target selection and/or chemical synapse formation in the Drosophila visual system. In that case, specificity in GJ formation or function could contribute, directly or indirectly, to chemical synaptic specificity by regulating which neurons couple and what signals they exchange. Cells may couple only if their innexins can mate with each other. The partially overlapping expression patterns of several innexins make this `mix and match' model of GJ formation a possibility.
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7

Kim, Eugene Z., Julie Vienne, Michael Rosbash, and Leslie C. Griffith. "Nonreciprocal homeostatic compensation in Drosophila potassium channel mutants." Journal of Neurophysiology 117, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 2125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00002.2017.

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Homeostatic control of intrinsic excitability is important for long-term regulation of neuronal activity. In conjunction with many other forms of plasticity, intrinsic homeostasis helps neurons maintain stable activity regimes in the face of external input variability and destabilizing genetic mutations. In this study, we report a mechanism by which Drosophila melanogaster larval motor neurons stabilize hyperactivity induced by the loss of the delayed rectifying K+ channel Shaker cognate B ( Shab), by upregulating the Ca2+-dependent K+ channel encoded by the slowpoke ( slo) gene. We also show that loss of SLO does not trigger a reciprocal compensatory upregulation of SHAB, implying that homeostatic signaling pathways utilize compensatory pathways unique to the channel that was mutated. SLO upregulation due to loss of SHAB involves nuclear Ca2+ signaling and dCREB, suggesting that the slo homeostatic response is transcriptionally mediated. Examination of the changes in gene expression induced by these mutations suggests that there is not a generic transcriptional response to increased excitability in motor neurons, but that homeostatic compensations are influenced by the identity of the lost conductance. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The idea that activity-dependent homeostatic plasticity is driven solely by firing has wide credence. In this report we show that homeostatic compensation after loss of an ion channel conductance is tailored to identity of the channel lost, not its properties.
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8

Muhy Abdulwahab, Areej, and Muntathar Ahmed Bader. "Sustainable Transportation Strategies in Baghdad City: Shaab – Selekh Intersection." Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2020.13107.

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9

Arias-Olguín, Imilla I., Elisa Carrillo, Leon D. Islas, and Froylan Gómez-Lagunas. "Recovery from slow inactivation of Shab K+channels." Channels 7, no. 3 (May 19, 2013): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/chan.24585.

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10

Mathur, Rajesh, Jie Zheng, Yangyang Yan, and Fred J. Sigworth. "Role of the S3-S4 Linker in Shaker Potassium Channel Activation." Journal of General Physiology 109, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.109.2.191.

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Structural models of voltage-gated channels suggest that flexibility of the S3-S4 linker region may be important in allowing the S4 region to undergo large conformational changes in its putative voltage-sensing function. We report here the initial characterization of 18 mutations in the S3-S4 linker of the Shaker channel, including deletions, insertions, charge changes, substitution of prolines, and chimeras replacing the 25-residue Shaker linker with 7- or 9-residue sequences from Shab, Shaw, or Shal. As measured in Xenopus oocytes with a two-microelectrode voltage clamp, each mutant construct yielded robust currents. Changes in the voltage dependence of activation were small, with activation voltage shifts of 13 mV or less. Substitution of linkers from the slowly activating Shab and Shaw channels resulted in a three- to fourfold slowing of activation and deactivation. It is concluded that the S3-S4 linker is unlikely to participate in a large conformational change during channel activation. The linker, which in some channel subfamilies has highly conserved sequences, may however be a determinant of activation kinetics in potassium channels, as previously has been suggested in the case of calcium channels.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Shaʻb"

1

Shaib, Ali [Verfasser], and Ute [Akademischer Betreuer] Becherer. "Calcium-Dependent Activator Protein for Secretion Function in Murine Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons / Ali Shaib ; Betreuer: Ute Becherer." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162496150/34.

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2

Vähäsöyrinki, M. (Mikko). "Voltage-gated K+ channels in Drosophila photoreceptors:biophysical study of neural coding." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514275993.

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Abstract The activity of neurons is critically dependent upon the suite of voltage-dependent ion channels expressed in their membranes. In particular, voltage-gated K+ channels are extremely diverse in their function, contributing to the regulation of distinct aspects of neuronal activity by shaping the voltage responses. In this study the role of K+ channels in neural coding is investigated in Drosophila photoreceptors by using biophysical models with parameters derived from the electrophysiological experiments. Due to their biophysical properties, the Shaker channels attenuate the fast transients and amplify the slower signal components, enabling photoreceptors to use their voltage range more effectively. Slow delayed rectifier channels, shown to be encoded by the Shab gene, activate at high light intensities, thereby attenuating the light-induced depolarization and preventing response saturation. Activation of Shab channels also reduces the membrane time constant making it possible to encode faster events. Interactions between the voltage-gated K+ channels and the currents generated by the light induced conductance (LIC) were investigated during naturalistic stimulation in wild type and Shaker mutant photoreceptors. It is shown that in addition to eliminating the Shaker current, the mutation increased the Shab current and affected the current flowing through the LIC. Part of these changes could be attributed to direct feedback from the Shaker channels via the membrane potential. However, it is suggested that also other changes may occur in the LIC due to mutation in K+ channels, possibly during photoreceptor development. Comparison of the Shaker and Shab mutant photoreceptors with the wild type revealed that a concurrent decrease in the steady-state input resistance followed from deletion of the voltage-gated K+ channels. This allowed partial compensation of the compression and saturation caused by the loss of Shaker channels and it maintained the characteristics of the light-voltage relationship in Shab mutant photoreceptors. However, wild type properties were not fully restored in either mutant. Indeed, decreased input resistance results in reduced efficiency of neural processing, assessed by the metabolic cost of information. Results of this study demonstrate the importance of the voltage-gated K+ channels for neural coding precision and highlight the robustness of neuronal information processing gained through regulation of the electrical properties.
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3

Darhouani, Lahcen. "Le rôle de l'État et l'impact du contexte islamique sur l'évolution du Crédit populaire du Maroc, 1961-1995." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq31703.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Shaʻb"

1

Iʻdām shaʻb. [Lebanon?]: Tawzīʻ al-Maktabah al-Thaqāfīyah, 1992.

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2

Bāshirī, Maḥjūb ʻUmar. Iʻdām shaʻb. [Beirut]: Dār al-Jīl, 1992.

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3

Ightiyāl shaʻb. Landan: Markaz al-Buḥūth wa-al-Dirāsāt al-Istrātījīyah al-ʻIrāqī, 2000.

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4

Ḥikāyat shaʻb. Bayrūt, Lubnān: al-Markaz al-ʻArabī lil-Abḥāth wa-al-Tawthīq, 2014.

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5

Muḥākamat shaʻb. Bayrūt: Dār al-Ṣadāqah lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-Nashr, 1992.

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6

Hammāmī, al-Ṭāhir. Dhākirat shaʻb. Ṣafāqiṣ, Tūnis: Ṣāmid lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, 1989.

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Ṣabbāgh, Nidāʾ. Muḥākamat shaʻb. 2nd ed. Bayrūt: Dār al-Ṣadāqah lil-Ṭibāʻah wa-Nashr, 1994.

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8

al-Shaʻb yurīd. [Beirut?]: K.Buraysh, 2012.

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9

ʻAzzām, ʻAbd Allāh. Jihād shaʻb Muslim. Ṣanʻāʼ: Maktabat al-Jīl al-Jadīd, 1990.

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al-Shaʻb yurīd. al-Qāhirah: Dār Dawwin lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Shaʻb"

1

El-Desouky, Ayman A. "Postscript: Ihnā al-maṣriyyīn and al-sha‘b: The Untranslatabilities of Conceptual Languages." In The Intellectual and the People in Egyptian Literature and Culture, 111–26. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137392442_6.

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2

Conley, Edward C. "VLG K Kv2-Shab." In Ion Channel Factsbook, 524–58. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012184453-0/50012-3.

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Munoz, Olivia, and Donatella Usai. "Wadi Shab GAS1 (Oman):." In Tales of Three Worlds - Archaeology and Beyond: Asia, Italy, Africa, 65–84. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10crdr5.11.

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Basser, Herbert W. "Avon Gilyon (Document of Sin, b. Shabb. 116a) or Euvanggeleon (Good News)." In The Jewish Jesus, 93–105. Purdue University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt6wq5dk.9.

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"Translation as new aesthetic: Premchand’s translation of Shab-e-Tar and European modernism." In Premchand in World Languages, 175–88. Routledge India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315616698-18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Shaʻb"

1

El-Kaliouby*, Hesham. "GPR study of karst in a carbonate coastal area for evaluating its suitability for construction, Wadi Shab, Eastern Oman." In International Conference on Engineering Geophysics, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, 15-18 November 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/iceg2015-034.

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Sundararajan, Narasimman, Mohammed Al-Wardi, and Abdelmoneam Raef*. "INTEGRATION OF MICRO-GRAVITY AND VERY LOW FREQUENCY (VLF) ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) DATA ANALYSES TO OUTLINE HAZARDOUS CAVITIES AND LOW ROCK-STRENGTH: COASTAL CARBONATES, WADI SHAB, OMAN." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/sageep.28-022.

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