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1
McGinley, Susan. "Operation Cool Shade." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295850.
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Henry, Hugh Allen Lorenzo. "The relationship between shade tolerance and shade avoidance in temperate trees." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ31215.pdf.
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Davison, Elisabeth, and Tom DeGomez. "Pruning Deciduous Shade Trees." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/560971.
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Revised; Originally published:1999<br>6 pp.<br>The pruning principles discussed in this publication have proven to provide the best possible out comes including tree longevity and safety. Although trees may live for years following improper pruning their life span and safety may be severely reduced. We encourage proper pruning so that the trees we care for may bring us pleasure for many years.
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Davison, Elizabeth. "Pruning Deciduous Shade Trees." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144756.
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6 pp.<br>Trees in the wild are never pruned, yet they often have long healthy lives. In a natural setting, their branches develop a balance and form typical of the species. It is when trees are brought into an urban situation that correct pruning becomes so important. Pruning is both a skill and an art. This publication discusses how to prune trees properly. Topics include what and when to prune, equipment and technique, training the young tree and pruning the older tree.
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Khoo, Tuo Sheng Joel. "A comparison between a photographic shade analysis system and conventional visual shade matching method." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1860.
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There are no previous studies validating the accuracy and repeatability of ClearMatch photographic shade analysis system. The purpose of this study was to compare the shade matches performed by a photographic shade analysis system (ClearMatch) with conventional visual shade matching method under simulated clinical conditions.
Three shade matching methods were used to match twelve shade tabs under simulated clinical conditions using a Vita Classical shade guide: conventional visual shade matching using 3 human raters (VM – Visual method), photographic shade analysis system (CM - ClearMatch) using two different ways of normalizing the image (CM-A2 and CM-ref respectively). Shade matching for all methods was completed at two separate sessions. The Kappa statistic was used to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater agreement. CIELAB values of the shade results were used to produce scatter plots as well as to calculate the color difference (delta E) between VM and CM groups.
There was no inter-rater agreement between VM and CM-A2 (k=0.000 and k=0.015 for the first and second sessions respectively) while VM and CM-ref showed weak agreement (k=0.244 and k=0.091 respectively). Intra-rater agreement was strong in all groups VM, CM-A2 and CM-ref (0.705, 0.803 and 0.681 respectively). CM-A2 had 2 (8.3%) shade matches with a delta E of less than 2.6 (clinically imperceptible), while CM-ref had 12 (50.0%) imperceptible matches. CM-A2 had an additional 16 (66.6%) shade matches with delta E of less than 5.5 (clinically acceptable), while CM-ref had 23 (95.8%) additional acceptable matches.
There was poor agreement in exact shade matches between conventional visual shade matching method and the photographic shade analysis system. The repeatability of the photographic shade analysis system was shown to be comparable to conventional visual shade matching. Using conventional shade matching as the gold standard, the capability of this photographic shade analysis system to accurately shade match has not been achieved.
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Blommaert, Jan. "A Shaba Swahili life story." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-95469.
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This paper presents an edited version of a hand written text in Shaba Swahili and French, accompanied by an English translation. The original text was written in ballpoint by a Shaba Zairean ex-houseboy, and sent to his former employer in Belgium It provides an account of his life, with special focus on the period after his Belgian employers left Zaire in 1973. It documents the conditions of hardship in the life of a semi-educated Zairean and provides a detailed account of the migrations he has to undertake in order to find means to support himself and his family. The author Wiote the `recit` at the request of the former employer`s wife, as a symbolic way to repay the debt he had incurred over the years in which he had received money and other goods from the Belgian lady. The text was sent to me by the former employer, who asked me to translate it into Dutch. The former employer granted me the permission to edit and publish the text in its totality. For reasons of privacy, we decided to alter the names of the people mentioned in the text. Thus, for instance, the employer is named Andni Deprins, his wife (who is the central addressee of the text) Helena Arens, and the author of the text is identified as Julien.
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Wylie, Dan. "White writers and Shaka Zulu." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002276.
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The figure of Shaka (c. 1780-1828) looms massively in the historical and symbolic landscapes of Southern Africa. He has been unquestioningly credited, in varying degrees, with creating the Zulu nation, murderous bloodlust, and military genius, so launching waves of violence across the subcontinent (the "mfecane"). The empirical evidence for this is slight and controversial. More importantly, however, Shaka has attained a mythical reputation on which not only Zulu self-conceptions, but to a significant degree white settler self-identifications have been built. This study describes as comprehensively as possible the genealogy of white Shakan literature, including eyewitness accounts, histories, fictions and poetry. The study argues that the vast majority of these works are characterised by a high degree of incestuous borrowing from one another, and by processes of mythologising catering primarily to the social-psychological needs of the writers. So coherent is this genealogy that the formation of an idealised notion of settler identity can be discerned, especially through the common use of particular textual "gestures". At the same time, while conforming largely to unquestioning modes of discourse such as popularised history and romance fiction, individual writers have attempted to adjust to socio-political circumstances; this study includes four close studies of individual texts. Such close stylistic attention serves to underline the textually-constructed nature of both the figure of Shaka and the "selves" of the writers. The study makes no attempt to reduce its explorations to a single Grand Unified Explanation, and takes eclectic theoretical positions, but it does seek throughout to explore the social-psychological meanings of textual productions of Shaka - in short, to explore the question, Why have white writers written about Shaka in these particular ways?
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Malaba, Mbongeni Zikhethele. "Shaka as a literary theme." Thesis, University of York, 1986. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10877/.
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Shama, Leslie Marie. "Risk Assessment of Plant-Based Pharmaceuticals and Biologics." Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/shama/ShamaL1206.pdf.
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Biotechnology is evolving to produce pharmaceutical proteins in plants. Plantbased pharmaceutical production creates concerns of exposure in an open environment and contamination of the food supply. Consequently, quantitative human health and ecological risk assessments were conducted for aprotinin, gastric lipase, and LT-B expressed in maize. A comparative, qualitative risk assessment was conducted for conventionally derived and plant-cell derived Newcastle disease virus vaccine. Effect and exposure scenarios were modeled for each quantitative risk assessment and each scenario was based on a tiered approach in which inadvertent exposure through ingestion were examined to determine a risk characterization of the plant-based pharmaceuticals. The qualitative Newcastle disease virus vaccine risk assessment characterized risks based on the potential exposures to the poultry being vaccinated, to humans administering the vaccine, and to non-target birds. For the human-health risk assessment, the dietary exposure evaluation model (DEEM) was used to estimate the inadvertent dietary intake of the pharmaceutical proteins in food. The ecological risk assessment used Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the exposure of each protein in maize for four receptor species. The human-health risk assessments revealed that the most conservative scenario produced higher risk quotients (RQ's) than the other two scenarios. The difference in risks was attributable to the differences in toxic endpoints of the proteins. Although the protein expressions and dietary consumption were assumed to be the same, dietary risks between the proteins varied by more than 56,000 times. The human-health risk assessment revealed that risks will vary dramatically and depend on factors such as the specific pharmaceutical protein, protein expression, and exposure scenarios. The assessments reinforced the need for case-by-case assessments. The ecological risk assessment demonstrated that risks will vary between species and between proteins, based primarily on differences in toxic endpoint and consumption rates. It shows the utility of probabilistic, quantitative risk assessment methodologies and supports the human dietary risk assessment by demonstrating the importance of assessing risks from plant-based pharmaceuticals on a case-by-case basis. The qualitative assessment illustrated that fewer effects and contamination issues were associated with the use of the plant-cell derived Newcastle disease virus vaccine compared to conventionally derived vaccines.
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Windh, Johanna. "Optimization of Space Sun Shade Constellation." Thesis, KTH, Rymdteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280143.
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Sack, Lawren. "Plant responses to deep shade plus drought." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620950.
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Kanawati, Ali. "The efficacy and repeatability of the Vita Easy Shade system when compared to traditional visual methods of shade evaluation." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4796.
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Knight, Amelia Cassidy Terhune Jeffery S. "General fish health assessment and age evaluation of impinged fish at steam generating power plants." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/FALL/Fisheries_and_Allied_Aquacultures/Thesis/Knight_Amelia_50.pdf.
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Smit, Armand. "Apple tree and fruit responses to shade netting." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/463.
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Lei, Thomas T. (Thomas Ting). "Functional design and shade adaptation in Acer species." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39406.
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This is a broad, quantitative comparison of 12 maple species, representing both canopy and subcanopy growth forms, grown under two ecologically relevant light environments. The maple seedlings responded mainly to light intensity; light quality plays only a minor role in the induction of shade characteristics. While a light-mediated trade off between light and dark reactions of photosynthesis was evident at the chloroplast level, this did not lead to similar differences in assimilaton rates. Gap-grown seedlings showed no apparent compromise in photosynthetic response to dim light and lightflecks. Seedlings of subcanopy trees trade off wood strength for increases in plant size while canopy seedlings sacrifice plant size for wood strength. The demand for greater wood strength in seedlings of canopy trees appears to pose a strong developmental constraint that delays maturation. Free of this constraint, subcanopy species can devote more resource to reach adult size quickly and at an earlier age.
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Heifetz, Alexander G. (Alexander Garon). "Shade : a differentially private wrapper around Apache Spark." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119522.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 85-88).<br>Enterprises usually provide strong controls to prevent external cyberattacks and inadvertent leakage of data to external entities. However, in the case where employees and data scientists have legitimate access to analyze and derive insights from the data, there are insufficient controls and employees are usually permitted access to all information about the customers of the enterprise including sensitive and private information. Though it is important to be able to identify useful patterns of one's customers for better customization and service, customers' privacy must not be sacrificed to do so. We propose an alternative - a framework that will allow privacy preserving data analytics over big data. In this paper, we present an efficient and scalable framework for Apache Spark, a cluster computing framework, that provides strong privacy guarantees for users even in the presence of an informed adversary, while still providing high utility for analysts in an interactive wrapper. The framework, titled Shade, includes two mechanisms - SparkLAP, which provides Laplacian perturbation based on a user's query and SparkSAM, which uses the contents of the database itself in order to calculate the perturbation. We show that performance of Shade is substantially better than earlier differential privacy systems without loss of accuracy, particularly when run on datasets small enough to fit in memory, and find that SparkSAM can even exceed performance of an identical non-private Spark query.<br>by Alexander G. Heifetz.<br>M. Eng.
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Blommaert, Jan. "A Shaba Swahili life story.: Text and translation." Swahili Forum; 3 (1996), S. 31-62, 1996. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A10585.
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This paper presents an edited version of a hand written text in Shaba Swahili and French, accompanied by an English translation. The original text was written in ballpoint by a Shaba Zairean ex-houseboy, and sent to his former employer in Belgium It provides an account of his life, with special focus on the period after his Belgian employers left Zaire in 1973. It documents the conditions of hardship in the life of a semi-educated Zairean and provides a detailed account of the migrations he has to undertake in order to find means to support himself and his family. The author Wiote the `recit` at the request of the former employer`s wife, as a symbolic way to repay the debt he had incurred over the years in which he had received money and other goods from the Belgian lady. The text was sent to me by the former employer, who asked me to translate it into Dutch. The former employer granted me the permission to edit and publish the text in its totality. For reasons of privacy, we decided to alter the names of the people mentioned in the text. Thus, for instance, the employer is named Andni Deprins, his wife (who is the central addressee of the text) Helena Arens, and the author of the text is identified as Julien.
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Blommaert, Jan. "A shaba Swahili life story:: Text and translation." Swahili Forum; 2 (1995), S. 73-103, 1995. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A11620.
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This paper presents an edited version of a handwritten text in Shaba Swahili and French, accompanied by an English translation. The original text was written in ballpoint by a Shaba Zairean ex-houseboy, and sent to his former employer in Belgium. It provides an account of his life, with special focus on the period after his Belgian employers left Zaire in 1973. It documents the conditions of hardship in the life of a semi-educated Zairean and provides a detailed account of the migrations he has to undertake in order to find means to support himself and his family. The author wrote the `recit` at the request of the former employer`s wife, as a symbolic way to repay the debt he had incurred over the years in which he had received money and other goods from the Belgian lady. The text was sent to me by the former employer, who asked me to translate it into Dutch. The former employer granted me the permission to edit and publish the text in its totality. For reasons of privacy, we decided to alter the names of the people mentioned in the text. Thus, for instance, the employer is named Andni Deprins, his wife (who is the central addressee of the text) Helena Arens, and the author of the text is identified as Julien.
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Lee, Maggie. "Singing the Praises of Gardening in the Shade." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555920.
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Puckridge, James Terence. "The life history of a gizzard shad, the bony bream, Nematalosa erebi (Gunther) (Dorosomatinae, Teleosti) in the lower River Murray, South Australia." Title page, contents and summary only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SM/09smp977.pdf.
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Boukouvalas, Constantinos R. "Colour shade grading and its applications to visual inspection." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843494/.
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This thesis is concerned with the problem of colour shade grading for Industrial Inspection and attempts to find accurate and robust solutions to this problem. The application we are interested in, is the automation of the ceramic tiles manufacturing process so as to replace the human inspectors responsible for the quality control of the product. Therefore our aim is to perform the colour grading in a way which is consistent with what the human experts and subsequently the clients would perceive. First an overview of colour vision, colour measurement and colour constancy is given. Then a method that tackles the problem of colour grading of uniform and patterned surfaces is proposed. This method is the first step towards colour grading since it involves various corrections of the data, so as to provide the necessary precision for any further attempt. The problem of colour grading of random textures is then addressed. A method based on the comparison between colour histograms is proposed, and various statistical aspects involved in the comparison of distributions such as the colour histograms are discussed. Since the real-time implementation of any industrial inspection method should be taken into account, we use a space-effective method of storing colour histograms. Having solved the problem of colour grading for the majority of uniform and textured surfaces, we then try to optimise the performance of the proposed techniques, for cases where it fails. We attribute that to the fact that every electronic sensor captures colour and patterns in a way which only approximates what the human vision system would perceive. First we propose a method of perceptual colour grading of uniform surfaces, which transforms the camera data to data as they would have been recorded by the human eye. This method makes use of metameric data, to determine the relation between the human and the electronic sensors. We use various methods of generating metamers, and we show how the need of a spectrophotometer can be overcome. In a similar way, we propose a method of perceptual colour grading of random textures, which involves the restoration of the electronically acquired data and then their transformation to a colour space which expresses the way we perceive colour texture. We test both methods with real data, and we compare them with the non-perceptual ones. All the methods proposed in this thesis have been tested with real data, from the ceramic tiles manufacturing industry, previously colour graded by human inspectors. The consistency of the methods has been tested by using various sets of all sorts of tiles, and by repeating the acquisition and grading processes many times for every set of tiles. Further, these experiments have been carried out using different apparatuses, thus allowing us to draw conclusions about their quality and to make our methods as hardware independent as possible.
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Woods, Matthew Alan, and n/a. "Characterisation of photoinhibition in the obligate shade plant ginseng." University of Otago. Department of Biochemistry, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090417.121807.
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Obligate shade plants possess adaptations that enable them to photosynthesise in the low light environment of the forest floor. Adaptations that facilitate light scavenging may compromise capacity for high rates of photosynthesis. This study compares the responses of obligate shade and facultative shade plant species upon exposure to elevated light. The obligate shade plants were two commercially grown medicinal herb species of ginseng, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and Panax quinquefolius L.; and goldenseal - Hydrastis canadensis L. Comparison was made to Arabidopsis thaliana and Pisum sativum L. as facultative shade species. Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) and Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng) are obligate shade plants found in broadleaf forests of Eastern Asia and North America, respectively. Studies on these plants have shown optimal growth at light intensities between 200-300 [mu]mol photons. m⁻�. s⁻�, or 10-15% of full sunlight, and at intensities greater than 500 [mu]mol photons. m⁻�. s⁻� characteristic photoinbibitory symptoms develop. An atypical response to methyl viologen in photosynthetic electron transport assays was observed in ginseng in both isolated thylakoid membranes and whole leaves. No correlation was found between detectable superoxide dismutase activity and altered methyl viologen reactions. In a mutagenesis study using the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a unique amino acid residue in the terminal electron acceptor PsaC, found only in ginseng, was changed and found to have no effect on methyl viologen reactions. Electron transfer to methyl viologen was examined in both isolated thylakoid membranes and whole leaves using chlorophyll a fluorescence and the apparent ability for methyl viologen to act as an electron acceptor was observed to differ between ginseng species. Obligate shade species were observed to possess alternate pools of photosystem II centres that potentially provide a mechanism to maximise photosynthetic gain under low light and during short periods of increased illumination. In experiments designed to identify physiological processes that contribute to increased susceptibility to photoinhibition in obligate shade plants, responses were observed and characterised following a moderate increase in illumination (140 to 400 [mu]mol photons. m⁻� . s⁻�) using chlorophyll a fluorescence induction curve analysis. The obligate shade species exhibited varied responses to elevated light and showed increased susceptibility, to photoinhibition. Photoprotective non-photochemical dissipative capacity was quantified and found to be comparable between all species studied.
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Brouwer, Bastiaan. "Shedding Light on Shade- and Dark-Induced Leaf Senescence." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysiologisk botanik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-54636.
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Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development, during which the leaf relocates most of itsvaluable nutrients to developing or storing parts of the plant. As this process progresses, leaves losetheir green color and their capacity to perform photosynthesis. Shade and darkness are well-knownas factors inducing leaf senescence and it has been proposed that senescence can be initiated byreductions in photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis and transpiration. However, despite the fact thatthe signaling mechanisms regulating each of these processes have been extensively described,particularly in seedlings, their contribution to the initiation of senescence in mature leaves stillremains unclear. Furthermore, the use of different experimental systems to study shade-inducedleaf senescence has yielded several divergent results, which altogether complicate the overallunderstanding of leaf senescence. To address this, darkened plants and individually darkened leaves, which show different rates of leafsenescence, were studied. Comparing the transcriptome and metabolome of these two darktreatmentsrevealed that they differed distinctly with regard to their metabolic strategies. Wholedarkened plants were severely carbohydrate-starved, accumulated amino acids and slowed downtheir metabolism. In contrast, individually darkened leaves showed continued active metabolismcoupled to senescence-associated degradation and relocation of amino acids. This knowledge was used to set up a new system to study how shade affects leaf senescence in themodel plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Use of this system revealed that different senescence-associatedhallmarks appeared in response to different intensities of shade. Some of these hallmarks werefurther shown to be part of both leaf senescence and photosynthetic acclimation to low light. Finally, using this system on phytochrome mutants revealed that loss of phytochrome A increasedthe loss of chlorophyll under shade, without increasing the expression of senescence-associatedgenes. Together, these findings suggest that shade-induced leaf senescence, which is generally perceived asa single process, is actually an intricate network of different processes that work together tomaintain an optimal distribution of nutrients within the plant.
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Shawa, Willie Chiputu. "An ontology for information system development methodologies / W.C. Shawa." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4914.
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As more organisations are expanding in their operations, there has been a strong
emphasis on investing in Information Systems (IS). To ensure successful deployment
of IS, software developers are advised to apply Information Systems Development
Methodologies (ISDMs). The ISDMs provide a systematic approach to development
of IS and ensure efficient use of resources during the development process. The
stakeholders conducting the software development usually face problems
communicating Systems Development (SD) terminologies. The software developers
inconsistently use the SD terminologies during software development. Recently a new
concept called ontology has been gaining a lot of popularity in Artificial Intelligence
(AI), Computational Lingnistics and Database theory. Ontology'S potential is being
realized in its ability to capture knowledge into a knowledge-base that could be shared
with people within a particular domain area.
This study aims at helping the software developers in understanding the different
types of terminologies applied when conducting software development. The main
objective is to develop an ontology for Information Systems Development
Methodologies. The ontology will be used to mediate the meaning ofterminologies of
SD. In cases where the development of software is undertaken through outsourcing,
the software developers located in different countries can use a similar ontology in
order to minimise the misunderstanding in the application of systems development
terminologies during the development process.
To determine the terminologies to use in the development of the ontology, a
qualitative research approach was used. The research is regarded qualitative, as the
information gathered for this research will not be expressed in numbers. The research
paradigm employed in this research in interpretive in nature. To gather the data, both
primary and secondary data collection strategies were employed. Data was gathered
through document review and it was coupled with interviews conducted on a software
development practitioner and three academics. After the data was collected, it was
analyzed using the agreed upon terminologies. The ontology was then developed
using a software package called Protege. The study found that software developers still have a misunderstanding on the use of
SD terminologies. By developing an ontology for Information Systems Development
Methodologies, the software developers can use the ontology to mediate the meaning
of the SD terminologies that would minimize the misunderstanding of systems
development terminologies when conducting software development.<br>Thesis (M.Sc. (Computer Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Wakter, Simon, and Fredrik Wikerman. "A novel shade analysis technique for solar photovoltaic systems." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-148122.
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Solar power is a rapidly growing energy source. As efficiency increases and costs decrease, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are becoming increasingly attractive for small and medium scale consumers to invest in. Despite advancements in photovoltaic technology, minor shading will still drastically reduce the performance of a solar cell module. Therefore, shade analysis should be performed before installation in order to assess the financial viability of an investment as well as to optimize the location and orientation of a photovoltaic module. The process of accurate shade analysis however, is something that is currently only carried out by professionals using expensive equipment. This bachelor’s thesis aims to develop the concept of a smartphone based shade analysis technique, which by using MATLAB’s predefined image processing should produce a shading diagram together with data ready for use as input in PV simulation software. The results should be comparable to those of professional shading analysis products. As a result, the concept of a shading analysis technique based on panoramic image capturing using a smartphone and MATLAB image processing has been shown to work. The final analysis technique uses a smartphone captured panoramic image as input and provides two forms of output: A shading diagram for easy and quick overview, providing information about which obstacles may cause shading at a specific time of day and year An excel file that can be used as input in the PV simulation software System Advisor Model (SAM)<br>Solenergi är en snabbt växande energikälla. Allteftersom effektiviteten ökar och kostnaden minskar, blir solcellssystem allt mer attraktivt för små och medelstora konsumenter att investera i. Trots framsteg inom solcellsteknik, fortsätter även mindre skuggning att ge upphov till stora effektbortfall i solcellsmoduler. Därför utförs ofta skugganalys före installation, för att bedöma investeringens ekonomiska lönsamhet, likväl som för att optimera placeringen av solcellsmodulen. För närvarande är dock precis skugganalys något som endast utförs av yrkesverksamma med hjälp av dyr specialutrustning. Detta kandidatexamensarbete syftar till att utveckla ett koncept kring en smartphone-baserad skugganalysteknik som med MATLABs fördefinierade digitala bildbehandling ska producera ett skuggdiagram tillsammans med data som kan användas i PV-simuleringsverktyg. Resultaten ska vara jämförbara med resultat från professionella produkter för skugganalys Efter projektets genomförande kan det konstateras att konceptet med en skugganalysteknik baserad på MATLABs bildbehandling och en panoramabild som tagits med en smartphone fungerar. Den slutliga analystekniken använder sig av en panorama bild som indata och ger utdata i två former Ett skuggdiagram för enkel och snabb överblick, vilket ger information om vilka hinder som skulle kunna orsaka skugga vid specifik tid En excel-fil som kan användas som indata i PV-simuleringsprogrammet System Advisor Model (SAM)
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Kasim, K. K. "Growth and yield of Vicia faba L. under shade." Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370844.
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Fraser, Donald. "Circadian regulation of plant responses to shade and UVB." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/e789da6a-adb5-4c82-8008-3d98b15c6617.
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Plants are sessile organisms and must adapt their development to the environment. Light quality is a primary informational signal that plants sense and respond to. Specialised photoreceptor proteins perceive changes in light quality that indicate the presence of neighbouring vegetation and the risk of shade. Shade avoiding species respond through stem elongation and elevation of leaves. Many plant environmental responses are regulated by the circadian clock through a process called circadian gating. This thesis shows that the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation by UV-B appears to be under circadian regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. This is likely achieved through a temporal coincidence of 1) the circadian-gated peak of UV-B-induced GA catabolism genes with 2) the greatest UV-B-induced reductions in auxin signaling. Shade avoidance can have detrimental effects on yield in commercial growing environments, so knowledge of circadian regulation of plant responses to light quality provides a toolset for product quality improvements. This thesis shows that UV-B inhibits shade avoidance in the commercially important crop, Coriandrum sativum, though there are only marginal differences when UV-B is delivered at different times of day. Although shade avoidance can provide plants with a competitive advantage in fast growing stands, excessive stem elongation can be detrimental to plant survival. As such, plants have evolved multiple feedback mechanisms to attenuate photoreceptor-mediated shade avoidance signalling. The combination of a very low red to far red ratio (R:FR) and low levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) present in deep canopy shade can, together, trigger phytochrome A (phyA) signalling; inhibiting shade avoidance and promoting plant survival. This thesis also shows that very low R:FR in a background of low PAR increases expression of the circadian clock component TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION1 (TOC1) in a phyA-dependent manner at dusk and that TOC1 antagonises shade avoidance in these conditions.
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DeStefano, Darren. "Chemotherapeutic treatment options of ( Xylella fastidiosa) in shade trees." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3251.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Natural Resource Sciences and Landscape Architecture. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Bilkovic, Donna Marie. "Assessment of spawning and nursery habitat suitability for American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in the Mattaponi and Pamunkey Rivers /." W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. http://www.vims.edu/library/Theses/Bilkovic2000.pdf.
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Placet, Jack. "Kolwezi et le Katanguien : observations et synthèses structurales." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL050N.
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Ce mémoire concerne une succession de faits géologiques propres au site précambrien cupro-cobaltifères de Kolwezi, province du Shaba, zaïre. Il décrit le roan dolomitique qui affleure sous forme d'une méga-brèche avec de grands écaillages entourés de diverses brèches. Une ultime brèche conglomératique évaporitique est en enveloppe externe. L'ensemble est en position anormale au milieu dukundelungu détritique, plus jeune et peu dérangé. Ces méga-brèches ont pu être mises en place par diapirisme. La cinétique est essentiellement verticale (excepte pour les masses atteignant la surface) et indépendante de contraintes de l'encaissant régional. Les mouvements ont commencé par différents décollements et se sont terminés par l'affleurement de plusieurs piles de sédiments du roan. En surface, les structures tectoniques zonaires apparaissent superposées aux allures sédimentologiques d'origine. La province du katanguien est présentée comme étant une plateforme installée sur un socle fracture. Pendant la période du roan, cette plateforme se comporte comme une vaste région épicontinentale avec de petits bassins de hauts-fonds contrôlés par des linéaments en relation avec le socle zambien. Cette région évolue comme un vaste sillon organise en quelques couloirs subsidents dont les organisations en rifts peuvent se croiser. Cette évolution guide les minéralisations précoces installées sur les quelques sites evaporitiques volcanoclastiques à proximité des fracturations du socle. Des décollements des niveaux lacunaires sont déclenchés par la tectonique de socle. Leurs déplacements, aidés par les caractéristiques sédimentologiques et mécaniques du roan, sont d'autant plus favorises qu'il existe un épais recouvrement de kundelungu. Des allures extrusives se manifestent en surface, répétées régionalement, et de plus en plus exacerbés vers l'ouest. Les modifications supergenes, altérations et remobilisations font partie de la même lignée de phénomènes. Écoulements de brèches, minéralogies complexes et lithologies irrégulières s'apparentent aux évolutions de caprocks de diapirs
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Minnick, Susan L. "A shanda fur de Yehudim : Jewishness in network sitcom television /." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1422462.
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Howarth, Marianne. "In light and shade : British views of Germany since 1945." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341259.
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Since 1945 the state now known as the Federal Republic of Germany has experienced: • quadripartite military occupation • . division into two states organised in line with Cold War polarity • the construction and fortification of a brutal border and (following an unforeseen chain of events) • a spectacular dismantling of that order and the subsequent re-joining of the previously divided parts. Following that, there has been an alignment and absorption of the newly created single state into the framework of Western democracy in its broadest sense. The process of the British accommodation to these changing German identities represents the main themes of these collected publications. Together, they seek to portray the complexity of the role Britain has played in constructing, managing and accepting this accommodation. Individually, they chart steps along the way. Though attention has rightly been paid elsewhere to the variety of roles and policy positions adopted by the two German states and by the new single one via-A-vis relations with other European states, the impact of these on relations with Germany's former victors from World War Two and subsequent allies, East or West, represents a more recently identified area for research. These collected publications seek to highlight, from a post-unification perspective, major milestones in the development of relations between Britain and Germany since 1945. They deal with the two major problematics of the Cold War period and its dramatic end with the fall of the Berlin Wall on 9/10 November 1989, namely the questions of British attitudes to German (re-)unification and the appropriate way to deal with the GDR, both before and after diplomatic recognition. Also covered are the themes of the British contribution to the construction of German democracy in the immediate post-war period and the benefits, tensions and conflicts deriving from more recent developments in bilateral business relationships. Further themes relate to the role of the print media in representing these topic areas, and to new insights derived from archive research into GDR policy towards the West.
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Chaudhry, Saghir Ul Mulk. "Sun and shade adaptations to overwintering in Geum urbanum L." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360338.
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Salem, Yousef. "Clinical evaluation of shade improvement after in-office vital bleaching." University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5383.
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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)<br>Tooth discoloration has increased the demand by patients to pursue aesthetic treatment options. Bleaching is considered a conservative approach in performing an aesthetic treatment for discolored teeth; however colour rebound and post-operative sensitivity are among the adverse effects associated with vital bleaching. In-office bleaching systems employ the use of high hydrogen peroxide concentrations. The effects of in-office bleaching agents on the degree of colour change and the gender differences in relation to bleaching outcomes are questionable. Post-operative sensitivity can be considered a bleaching side effect and the number of patients that experience it is unknown.Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of an in-office vital bleaching technique. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the degree of colour change after vital tooth bleaching using a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (Yotuel® Special, Biocosmetics Laboratories, Spain), using a spectrophotometer (CM-2600d Konica, Minolta) to measure the colour change at each intervention during the bleaching process, to assess the post-operative sensitivity during the first week of the intervention, to evaluate the patients' perception of the colour change and to compare it to the colour change (ΔE) expressed in numeric values and to investigate whether gender differences exist in relation to the outcome of the bleaching procedure. Materials and Methods: The maxillary anterior teeth of 22 patients comprising of 11 males and 11 females were bleached with a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (Yotuel® Special, Biocosmetics Laboratories, Spain). Pre-treatment readings of the two maxillary central incisors using a spectrophotometer (CM-2600d Konica, Minolta) were obtained. Subsequent readings were obtained after scaling and polishing, before bleaching (which was used as a baseline reading), immediately after bleaching, one week and one month post-operatively. Patients were requested to complete a form regarding post-operative tooth sensitivity and their colour perception toward the bleaching treatment. Results: The quantitative effect of the bleaching material on tooth colour showed an increase in L* values and a decrease in a* and b* values, the changes were significant (p values ≤ 0.05) except for the mean value of b* one month after bleaching which was only significant between five and ten percent.The mean values of colour change measured as ΔE between baseline and after bleaching was found to be 3.4 which did not exceed the visible colour change perceptible clinically at a difference of 3.7 units according to the literature. However nine patients exceeded the visible clinical colour change immediately after bleaching. There was no gender difference in the ΔE values in the entire bleaching process. Tooth sensitivity is considered a bleaching side effect and in this study sensitivity was traced until the fifth day after bleaching. The mean value of patients' tooth sensitivity was found to be 1.73 in the first day on a 4 point visual analog scale. The mean value of patients' colour perception was found to be 2.14 immediately after bleaching on a 3 point visual analog scale. Spearman correlation tests showed a positive relationship between ΔE values immediately and one week after bleaching and a weak relationship one week and one month after bleaching. There was significant consistency in the patients‟ colour perception data immediately and one week after the bleaching process and a weak relationship between ΔE values and patients' colour perception one month after bleaching. Conclusion: Yotuel® Special, Biocosmetics Laboratories, (Spain) an in-office bleaching material consisting of 35% hydrogen peroxide was able to bleach patients' teeth with a perceptible colour change however the chalky white teeth desired were not obtained for all the patients. Tooth sensitivity was a temporary side effect.
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Pavlis, Michael William. "The Effects of Pruning on Wind Resistance of Shade Trees." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43916.
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Three tree species, Freeman maple (Acer x. freemanii), swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor (Willd.)) and shingle oak (Quercus imbricaria (Michx.)) were tested before and after pruning to determine the effectiveness of pruning on reducing drag and bending moment. Pruning methods were thin, reduce and raise and meet the requirements set by the American National Standard Institute A300 standards for Tree Care Operations Trees, Shrub, and Other Woody Plant Maintenance - Standard Practices (Pruning). Trees were tested up to speeds of 22.4m*s-1 over 1.6km by driving them in the bed of a truck. Drag, based on a centroid of the crown, and a bending moment was calculated. Drag and bending moment were also normalized by tree mass and crown area. Reduction pruning worked more effectively for Freeman maple and raise pruning for swamp white oak at reducing drag. Simple to measure tree characteristics were analyzed to determine the best predictors of drag and bending moment in the field. Tree mass frequently was the best predictor of drag and bending moment. Information should be used with caution due to the fact that the trees tested were small stature and a limited number of trees were tested.<br>Master of Science
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Hayes, Scott. "Ultraviolet-B, shade and temperature signal integration in Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.685352.
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The sensing and integration of environmental cues is of crucial significance to plants. Particularly important for these photoautotrophic organisms is the use of light as an informational signal. The presence of potentially-shading neighbours can be perceived by plants using specialised photoreceptors. This activates a switch to a developmental programme characterised by stem elongation growth and early flowering. Collectively, these responses are known as the 'shade-avoidance response'. One of the key triggers of shade-avoidance is a reduction in ratio of red: far-red light (R: FR) perceived by the plant. At a molecular level, low R: FR light promotes the stabilisation and activation of a class of transcription factors termed PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs). These promote the expression of auxin biosynthesis genes which then leads to stem elongation growth. In this thesis I show that UV-B, sensed by the newly characterised UV-B photoreceptor UV-RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVRB), provides a strong brake on low R: FR-induced shade-avoidance across the entire Arabidopsis life cycle. This is achieved by a dual mechanism which results in both the inactivation of PIFs, potentially through competitive binding by DELLA proteins, and a direct destabilisation of PIF proteins. UV-B thus inhibits the upregulation of auxin activity usually induced by low R: FR conditions, thereby limiting stem elongation.
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Chaturvedi, Vinod S. "Computer Program for sizing and analyzing fixed SHAding DEvices (SHADE)." Kansas State University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36056.
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Gurses, Serdar Abidin. "Role of HFR1 in shade avoidance and phytochrome A signaling." Link to electronic thesis, 2004. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0114104-133335.
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Lopes, Susana Santos. "Molecular and phenotypic characterisation of the zebrafish pigmentation gene 'shady'." Thesis, University of Bath, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426174.
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Kennes, Erik. "Fin du cycle post-colonial au Katanga, RD Congo : Rébellions, sécession et leurs mémoires dans la dynamique des articulations entre l'État central et l'autonomie régionale 1960-2007." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26228/26228.pdf.
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Quaretta, Edoardo. "Les enfants accusés de sorcellerie au Katanga, République démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209535.
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La thèse porte sur le phénomène des enfants accusés de sorcellerie au Katanga à l'aide d'une démarche socio-anthropologique. Dans la première partie les cadres théorique et historique sont donnés. La deuxième partie se concentre sur les enfants de la rue de Lubumbashi (Katanga, RDC) et le rôle joué par les églises pentecôtistes dans les accusations de sorcellerie dont les enfants font l'objet. Dans la troisième partie des études de cas sont présentées. / The PhD dissertation is about the phenomenon of the children accused of witchcraft in Katanga analysed through a socio-anthropological approach. In the first part the theoretical and historical frameworks are presented. The second part focuses on the street children issue in Lubumbashi (Katanga, DRC) and on the role played by Petecostal churches in the accusations perpetrated on children. The third part presents three case studies.<br>Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Mutombo, Ngandu. "Politiques de rémunération, de cotation et de classification des emplois comme facteurs de formation d'une catégorie sociale : le cas des travailleurs de l'Union minière du Haut-Katanga, 1947-1967." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28404.
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Bakajika, Banjikila Thomas. "Capitalisme, rapport salarial et régulation de la main-d'oeuvre : la classe ouvrière noire dans les camps de l'Union minière du Haut-Katanga, 1925-1967." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17647.
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Banner, Indira Clare. "Leaf folding and photoprotective responses in Oxalis acetosella (L.)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265541.
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Yamba, Bandeja. "Développement industriel et transformation de l'économie agricole villageoise au Shaba (Zaïre), 1920-1960." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29389.
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Müller, Marcus. "Untersuchungen zur klinischen Anwendbarkeit des computergestützten Zahnfarberkennungssystems Digital Shade Guide 4." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972268901.
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Pietschmann, Franziska. "A Blacker and Browner Shade of Pale: Reconstructing Punk Rock History." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-62981.
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Embedded in the transatlantic history of rock ‘n’ roll, punk rock has not only been regarded as a watershed moment in terms of music, aesthetics and music-related cultural practices, it has also been perceived as a subversive white cultural phenomenon. A Blacker and Browner Shade of Pale challenges this widespread and shortsighted assumption. People of color, particularly black Americans and Britons, and Latina/os have pro-actively contributed to punk’s evolution and shaped punk music culture in the United States and England. Examining why people of color are not linked to the punk rock genre and culture in normative discourse, this paper first scrutinizes the continuously unaddressed racialization of Anglo-American popular music itself and explores how the historical development and discursive construction of racial boundaries impacted the historiography of Anglo-American popular music. Building on these premises, the second central field of inquiry probes how the music press, aided and abetted by academic texts, constructs punk as a white music mono-culture that such discourse historicizes, analyzes, and maintains. Both popular (journalistic) and academic publications have largely ignored or underrepresented the presence of people of color, especially black (American) as well as Latina/o participants, in punk rock culture. The thesis’ third major focus imagines punk as a fluid social and musical convergence culture that continuously crosses unstable boundaries of genres, races, and genders. A Blacker and Browner Shade of Pale thus indicates an emerging awareness of how popular and academic discourse can become more sensitive to punk's multiracial, inclusive, and participatory mores.
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Elbassuoni, Shady [Verfasser], and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Weikum. "Effective searching of RDF knowledge bases / Shady Elbassuoni. Betreuer: Gerhard Weikum." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1052221769/34.
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Osborne, Colin P. "Effects of rising COâ†2 concentration on photosynthesis in the shade." Thesis, University of Essex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336922.
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Morgan, Susan 1979. "Wayward as the Minnehaha with her moods of shade and sunshine." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30081.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2004.<br>"February 2004." Page 116 blank.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-112).<br>In a world which is increasingly occularcentric, architecture has the opportunity to reinvigorate experience with designs based on the perceptual systems of the human body. In comparison with the sense organs of other animals, humans are capable of acquiring information about the world almost equally with one sense as with another, for while vision is greater over distance, touch and hearing have more emotive capacity. Architectural design which is created specifically to engage the senses will not only be more physically fulfilling, but socially, culturally, and psychologically as well. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem The Song of Hiawatha is used as reference for the design as it creates a tangible fictional world through the use of a memorable cadence. In addition to providing a structural background, the poem is also linked to the site: the Minnehaha parkway in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and the program: a library and an American Indian cultural museum. Each of the senses was considered to be a tool in design: sound shaping form, touch defining materials, sight defining vistas and light, and hearing refining volume and form. The final design uses a continuous ramp system as the meter of experience, allowing for various spaces to acquire unique characters as the building descends from street level underground and out to Minnehaha creek.<br>by Susan Morgan.<br>M.Arch.