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Journal articles on the topic 'Shadd'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

van Gemert, Frank, and Hans Nelen. "Shadd Maruna." Tijdschrift over Cultuur & Criminaliteit 14, no. 1 (2024): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/tcc/221195072024014001006.

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2

Sumner, L. W. "Institutional refusal to offer assisted dying: A response to Shadd and Shadd." Bioethics 33, no. 8 (2019): 970–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12641.

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3

Harris, Jennifer. "A Plea for Emigration by Mary Ann Shadd." Early American Literature 53, no. 1 (2018): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eal.2018.0010.

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4

Rhodes, Jane, Sylvia Sweeney, Peter Raymont, Lindalee Tracey, and Maria Pimentel. "Breaking The Ice: The Story of Mary Ann Shadd." Journal of Negro Education 69, no. 4 (2000): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2696253.

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5

Clarke, George Elliott. "Canadian Biraciality and Its “Zebra” Poetics: For Adrienne Shadd." Intertexts 6, no. 2 (2002): 203–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/itx.2002.0005.

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Gadd, David. "Review Essay: Making Criminology Good: A Response to Shadd Maruna." Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 42, no. 3 (2003): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2311.00287.

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7

Sharafi, Sayed Mehran. "SHADD: A scenario-based approach to software architectural defects detection." Advances in Engineering Software 45, no. 1 (2012): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2011.10.012.

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8

Mozumder, Subrata Chandra. "Transgression of Race, Gender, and Class:." Crossings: A Journal of English Studies 14 (December 31, 2023): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.59817/cjes.v14i.483.

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This paper aims to explore Mary Ann Shadd’s transgression of race, gender, and class boundaries by employing a close reading of the text, A Plea for Emigration. I will explore the triangular relationship between race, class, and gender seen in the text from intersectional feminist perspectives. My contention is that, through her activism by pen, especially in A Plea for Emigration, Shadd exposes the feminist voice that enables her to protest against racism, slavery, gender stratification, and marginalization based on class hierarchy. In other words, I claim that Shadd’s transgression of the bo

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9

Calloway-Thomas, Carolyn. "Mary Ann Shadd Cary: Crafting Black Culture Through Empirical and Moral Arguments." Howard Journal of Communications 24, no. 3 (2013): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2013.805978.

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10

Scheerer, Sebastian. "Hayward, Keith/Maruna, Shadd/Mooney, Jayne (eds.), Fifty Key Thinkers in Criminology." Monatsschrift für Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform 95, no. 1 (2012): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mks-2012-950108.

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Amorim, Paula de Campos Mattar. "PROBATION: A HINDER OR A HELPER TO REHABILITATION AND DESISTANCE FROM CRIME?" DELICTAE: Revista de Estudos Interdisciplinares sobre o Delito 3, no. 5 (2018): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.24861/2526-5180.v3i5.80.

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Considering the rise of community sanctions and measures in the criminal justice system, as well as the relevance of understanding the process of desistance from crime and rehabilitation, this study will demonstrate how probation can help individuals to stop offending and what are the obstacles to be tackled. Through researches and studies’ findings of Sue Rex, Shadd Maruna, Stephen Farral, Fergus McNeill and Deirdre Healy, probation’s role will be critically assessed in terms of quitting a criminal career and reinserting in society.

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12

Steadman, Jennifer Bernhardt, and Jane Rhodes. "Mary Ann Shadd Cary: The Black Press and Protest in the Nineteenth Century." Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature 18, no. 1 (1999): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/464352.

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13

Hutton, Frankie, and Jane Rhodes. "Mary Ann Shadd Cary: The Black Press and Protest in the Nineteenth Century." American Historical Review 106, no. 4 (2001): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2692999.

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14

Clifford Larson, Kate. "The Journey From Tollgate to Parkway: African Canadians in Hamilton By Adrienne Shadd." Ontario History 104, no. 2 (2012): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1065445ar.

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Pitre, Merline, and Jane Rhodes. "Mary Ann Shadd Cary: The Black Press and Protest in the Nineteenth Century." Journal of Southern History 66, no. 2 (2000): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2587701.

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16

Olbey, Christian. "Unfolded Hands: Class Suicide and the Insurgent Intellectual Praxis of Mary Ann Shadd." Canadian Review of American Studies 30, no. 2 (2000): 149–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cras-s030-02-03.

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17

Covolo, Robert. "Understanding Legitimacy: Political Theory and Neo-Calvinist Social Thought. By Philip D. Shadd." Journal of Church and State 59, no. 4 (2017): 674–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcs/csx069.

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Tomasek, Kathryn M., and Jane Rhodes. "Mary Ann Shadd Cary: The Black Press and Protest in the Nineteenth Century." Journal of the Early Republic 19, no. 2 (1999): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3124969.

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19

van Putten, Robert. "Understanding Legitimacy. Political Theory and Neo-Calvinist Social Thought, written by Philip D. Shadd." Philosophia Reformata 83, no. 1 (2018): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23528230-08301009.

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20

Cohen, Mary L. "Choral Singing in Prisons: Evidence-Based Activities to Support Returning Citizens." Prison Journal 99, no. 4_suppl (2019): 106S—117S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885519861082.

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Choral singing in prisons can help incarcerated individuals identify as returning citizens instead of felons. Shadd Maruna argues that while many legal and penal rituals exist to convince individuals to identify as “offenders,” few such rituals are in place to reconnect formerly incarcerated people to identify as community members outside of prisons. Maruna describes successful reintegration rituals as symbolic and emotive, repetitive, community-based, and infused with a dynamic of challenge and achievement; they give form to political and social processes that enable successful reentry. I mai

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21

Hacke, Uwe G. "Irradiance-induced changes in hydraulic architecture." Botany 92, no. 6 (2014): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2013-0200.

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The ability to acclimate to a range of light regimes is important, given that shady understory habitats can receive only a fraction of the light available at the top of the canopy. Sun and shade leaves are known to differ in their set of biochemical and morphological characteristics. In recent years, much has also been learned about the effect of shade on xylem structure and function. Several studies found that shaded plants had narrower xylem conduits than plants growing in full sun. Among the most notable responses induced by shade is a shift of xylem vulnerability to cavitation. Shaded plan

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22

McBrayer, Demetra. ""So Go to Editing": Mary Ann Shadd Cary and the Liminality of Editorship and Authorship." Legacy: A Journal of American Women Writers 40, no. 1-2 (2023): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/leg.2023.a917935.

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23

Moriah, Kristin. "“A Greater Compass of Voice”: Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield and Mary Ann Shadd Cary Navigate Black Performance." Theatre Research in Canada 41, no. 1 (2020): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/tric.41.1.20.

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McCorkindale, Deirdre. "The Underground Railroad: Next Stop, Toronto! Edited by Adrienne Shadd, Afua Cooper, and Karolyn Smardz Frost." Ontario History 114, no. 2 (2022): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1092225ar.

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Yee, Shirley J. "Finding a Place: Mary Ann Shadd Cary and the Dilemmas of Black Migration to Canada, 1850-1870." Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 18, no. 3 (1997): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3347171.

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26

Blakely, Jeffrey A., and Dror Czitron. "The Mamluk Bridge at Dayr Sunayd." Journal of Islamic Archaeology 7, no. 1 (2020): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jia.18274.

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A long-overlooked Mamluk bridge spanning the W?d? al-Hasi (Na?al Shiqma) between Gaza andMajdal (Ashqelon) was built at the behest of Sultan Baybars about 1270, as mentioned by ?Izz al-D?n Ibn Shadd?d in his Ta?r?khal-M?lik al-??hir. It was also noted in a variety of travel accountsspanning the 17th through 19th centuries and it was even photographed in the 1880s. Later itbecame a point of interest during the Great War when it was shelled by the British Navy as partof the Third Battle of Gaza, yet it survived to be repaired. Since it was on an important road evenin 1948, it was destroyed by a

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27

Cognard-Black, Jennifer. "Mary McLeod Bethune: Building a Better World, and: Breaking the Ice: The Story of Mary Ann Shadd (review)." NWSA Journal 14, no. 2 (2002): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nwsa.2002.0029.

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Dagistanli, Selda. "Stephen Farrall, Mike Hough, Shadd Maruna and Richard Sparks (eds), Escape Routes: Contemporary Perspectives on Life After Punishment." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 45, no. 1 (2012): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865811432819a.

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Graebsch, Christine, and Shadd Maruna. "Desistance research and critical criminology: a conversation." Kriminologisches Journal, no. 3 (August 30, 2022): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3262/kj2203244.

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Critical criminologists in Germany have been criticized for dealing with desistance research. In the opinion of Peters (in this volume) both perspectives of research are outright incompatible with each other. This critique is based on a certain understanding of the labeling approach that is prevalent in German-language critical criminology. From this perspective, crime is understood exclusively as an attribution. Desistance research is then perceived as a backlash towards an etiological understanding of crime. Peters addresses his critique especially towards the reception of Maruna’s work that

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30

Garrison, S. E., J. M. Williams, and J. A. Barden. "EFFECTS OF SHADE ON NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS, GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRIES." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1108d—1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1108d.

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A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effects of shade treatments (0, 30, 47 and 63%) on photosynthetic and growth responses of `Redchief' strawberries. Net photosynthesis (Pn) measured on plants under shade decreased as % shade increased. Pn of plants grown under shade but measured under saturating light intensities decreased after 30% shade. Light saturation curves of leaves allowed to expand in full sun and then placed under shade indicated a decrease in the saturation rate and point under 63% shade. Leaves which expanded under shade had decreased saturation rates and point

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31

Jauharlina, J., H. Husni, M. Sayuthi, N. Pramayudi, N. F. Safitri, and M. H. Irba. "The abundance of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and their ecological roles as predators in Arabica coffee plantations with different densities of shade trees." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1297, no. 1 (2024): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1297/1/012048.

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Abstract Shade-grown coffee, incorporated in an agroforestry system, is a common practice of coffee plantations in Aceh Tengah Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Coffee is grown under the shade of a canopy of surrounding trees. Shade trees reduce excessive light and provide a home for various predatory animals, including predatory ants. Some growers plant a dense population of shade trees, while others plant less shade trees. A study to investigate the diversity of ants and their abundance in different densities of shade trees has been conducted from April until August 2023. Ants were sampled

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Famuwagun, Idowu Babadele, and Samuel O. Agele. "Micro-Climate Conditions, Weed Diversity, Flowering and Yield of Young Cacao Plants as Affected by Shade Regimes." International Letters of Natural Sciences 81 (February 2021): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.81.31.

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Experiments were conducted in 2015/2018 in two cacao plots established in 2012 and 2013 in Akure, Nigeria to investigate micro-climate conditions, weed densities, flowering and yield of cacao as affected by shade regimes. Established cacao plots under three plantain (Musa spp) shade regimes consisting of No-shade, Moderate and Dense shade were used. Air and soil temperature, relative humidity and Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR), weed population and species diversity, cacao flowering and pod production were measured. From the results, air and soil temperature measurements under No-shade p

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Famuwagun, Idowu Babadele, and Samuel O. Agele. "Micro-Climate Conditions, Weed Diversity, Flowering and Yield of Young Cacao Plants as Affected by Shade Regimes." International Letters of Natural Sciences 81 (February 25, 2021): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-f18s7i.

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Experiments were conducted in 2015/2018 in two cacao plots established in 2012 and 2013 in Akure, Nigeria to investigate micro-climate conditions, weed densities, flowering and yield of cacao as affected by shade regimes. Established cacao plots under three plantain (Musa spp) shade regimes consisting of No-shade, Moderate and Dense shade were used. Air and soil temperature, relative humidity and Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR), weed population and species diversity, cacao flowering and pod production were measured. From the results, air and soil temperature measurements under No-shade p

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Silva, Anandra S., Jurandi G. Oliveira, Maura da Cunha, and Angela P. Vitória. "Photosynthetic performance and anatomical adaptations in Byrsonima sericea DC. under contrasting light conditions in a remnant of the Atlantic forest." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 22, no. 4 (2010): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202010000400004.

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The photosynthetic dynamics of the tropical pioneer species, Byrsonima sericea DC., were studied during the regeneration process of a native forest by evaluating ecophysiological (gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and photosynthetic pigment contents) and anatomical parameters of plants in sunny and shady environments. Ecophysiological evaluations were carried out monthly for one year, encompassing both a dry and a rainy season. Byrsonima sericea DC. presents anatomical plasticity that enables it to establish in environments with contrasting light regimes. In sunny conditions, it produce

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Popma, J., and F. Bongers. "Acclimation of seedlings of three Mexican tropical rain forest tree species to a change in light availability." Journal of Tropical Ecology 7, no. 1 (1991): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400005137.

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ABSTRACTA comparison is made of the light acclimation potential of seedlings of three canopy species of the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico: Cordia megalantha, Lonchocarpus guatemalensis, and Omphalea oleifera. These species showed similar growth rates in a range of microhabitats. Gap dynamics were simulated by transferring plants between three environments: beneath a closed canopy, a small gap, and a large gap. Plants of all three species were able to adjust their morphology and growth rates in response to changes in light availability. Growth rates increased when plants were move

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Bidhari, Lesty Ayu, Roy Effendi, Nining N. Andayani, and Slamet Bambang. "Screening of shade tolerant hybrid maize based on stress tolerance index." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 911, no. 1 (2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/911/1/012018.

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Abstract The development of adaptive and high-yielding maize varieties tolerant to shade stress is the right strategy to increase productivity and national maize production by utilizing the land in shaded conditions or under annual stands with 40% shade intensity. This study aimed to assess the best genetic material before releasing new shade tolerant maize varieties. This experiment was conducted in shaded and unshaded conditions in the Indonesian Cereal Research Institute, Maros, from July-October 2018 in KP. Pandu, North Sulawesi under coconut trees from March-August 2019. The design is usi

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Tabatabaian, Farhad, Khotan Aflatoonian, and Mahshid Namdari. "Effects of veneering porcelain thickness and background shade on the shade match of zirconia-based restorations." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 13, no. 1 (2019): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/joddd.2019.011.

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Background. Effects of veneering porcelain thickness and background shade on the shade match of zirconia-based restorations are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of veneering porcelain thickness and background shade on the shade match of zirconia-based restorations. Methods. Forty A2 shade veneered zirconia disk specimens (10 mm in diameter) were fabricated, with veneering porcelain thicknesses of 1.6, 1.8, 2.0 and 2.2 mm. Three backgrounds were made of A2 shade composite resin (A2), nickel-chromium alloy (NC) and amalgam (AM). The veneered zirconia specimens were plac

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Laur, Savanah, Andre Luiz Biscaia Ribeiro da Silva, Juan Carlos Díaz-Pérez, and Timothy Coolong. "Impact of Shade and Fogging on High Tunnel Production and Mineral Content of Organically Grown Lettuce, Basil, and Arugula in Georgia." Agriculture 11, no. 7 (2021): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070625.

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This study evaluated the impact of shade cloth and fogging systems on the microclimate at the plant canopy level and yield of basil (Oscimum basilicum L.), arugula (Eruca vesicaria subsp. Sativa L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) planted in mid-September and early October in high tunnels. Fogging systems were installed at canopy level in plots within shaded (30%) and non-shaded high tunnels. Average air temperatures in the shaded high tunnels were 0.9 °C lower than non-shaded high tunnels during the day. Shade cloth significantly reduced soil temperatures during the day and night periods by

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Hampson, Cheryl R., Anita N. Azarenko, and John R. Potter. "Photosynthetic Rate, Flowering, and Yield Component Alteration in Hazelnut in Response to Different Light Environments." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121, no. 6 (1996): 1103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.121.6.1103.

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In hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), vigorous vegetative growth and traditional orchard practices that include little or no pruning combine to produce a dense, shady canopy. A study designed to quantify the effect of shade on reproduction and photosynthetic rate in this shade-tolerant species was undertaken to assess whether some degree of pruning might improve productivity. Shade cloth was used to exclude 30%, 47%, 63%, 73%, or 92% of ambient sunlight from whole `Ennis' and `Barcelona' trees from mid-May until harvest. Photosynthetic light response curves were obtained for leaves that had devel

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Klein, Lauren F. "Dimensions of Scale: Invisible Labor, Editorial Work, and the Future of Quantitative Literary Studies." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 135, no. 1 (2020): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2020.135.1.23.

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This essay calls for a conceptual reorientation of how quantitative methods in literary studies are currently framed, arguing for an expansion from a linear model bounded by the endpoints of distant and close to a space defined by multiple dimensions of scale. I explore the axis bounded by visible and invisible as an example of one of the additional dimensions that might constitute this expanded conceptual frame. In demonstrating its potential for producing new knowledge, I examine the editorial work of two women abolitionists, Mary Ann Shadd (1823–93) and Lydia Maria Child (1802–80). I show h

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Liu, Zhijun, Stanley B. Carpenter, and Roysell J. Constantin. "Camptothecin production in Camptotheca acuminata seedlings in response to shading and flooding." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 2 (1997): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-039.

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One-year-old Camptotheca acuminata seedlings were grown under heavy shade (27% full sunlight), slight shade (67% full sunlight), or full sunlight for 2 weeks, then subjected to flooding for 4 weeks under continued shading schemes. Growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, and camptothecin concentrations were determined. Flooding led to significant decreases in leaf biomass, while shading significantly increased stem biomass. Under full sunlight or slight shade conditions, lateral root biomass was significantly decreased by flooding, whereas under heavy shade, it was not significantly reduced by floodi

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Rahim, Masuma. "Keynote lecture: The indefensible psychology of punishment Professor Shadd Maruna, Queen’s University Belfast. Prisons: An expensive way of making criminals worse." Forensic Update 1, no. 113 (2014): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsfu.2014.1.113.53.

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Gent*, Martin P. N. "Effect of Shade on Quality of Greenhouse Tomato." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 759A—759. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.759a.

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Shading a greenhouse increased the fraction of tomatoes that were marketable, and the marketable yield, in a comparison of greenhouse tomato yields across years, in some of which the greenhouses were shaded. In 2003, the yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes were compared directly when grown in spring and summer in Connecticut in identical greenhouses that differed only in the degree of shade. Each half of four greenhouses was either unshaded or shaded using reflective aluminized shade cloth rated to reduced light transmission by 15%, 30%, or 50%. Each shade treatment was repeated in two ho

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Cardoso, Clarissa Silva, Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk, Luiz Carlos Pinheiro Machado Filho, and Maria José Hötzel. "Dairy Heifer Motivation for Access to a Shaded Area." Animals 11, no. 9 (2021): 2507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092507.

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We used an operant conditioning paradigm to test the motivation of non-pregnant dairy heifers to access shade during the summer and autumn months (January to June) in southern Brazil. Dairy heifers (n = 18) were trained to push a weighted gate to access either an experimental area containing both a shaded (simple tree shade and shade cloth) and unshaded area (WITH SHADE) or an experimental area with no shade (BARREN). The latency to push the weighted gate, and the maximum weight pushed by each heifer, were recorded in both the summer and the autumn. Temperature and humidity were recorded conti

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Tantalo, Syahrio, Liman Liman, Fitria Tsani Farda, Agung Kusuma Wijaya, Yohanes Abrian Frastianto, and Ignatius Anjas Pangestu. "Productivity and nutrient value of some grasses under shading of rubber tree plantation." Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan 4, no. 2 (2021): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/jipt.v4i2.2502.

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This study aimed to determine the productivity and nutrient content of three grasstypes with or without rubber trees shading. It was conducted in May-September 2020at Sangga Buana Village, Seputih Banyak, Central Lampung and Animal Nutrition andFood Laboratory, University of Lampung. This study used nested design with two factorsof rubber trees shaded and grass types with six replications. Both factors were shadedconditions: N0 (land without shade) and N1 (land under rubber trees shade); and grasstypes: elephant grass (A1); setaria (A2); and odot (A3). The results showed the shadeddecreased (P

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Samarakoon, S. P., H. M. Shelton, and J. R. Wilson. "Voluntary feed intake by sheep and digestibility of shaded Stenotaphrum secundatum and Pennisetum clandestinum herbage." Journal of Agricultural Science 114, no. 2 (1990): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600072129.

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SUMMARYThe effects of shade (50% of ambient light transmission) on the quality of established swards of buffalo grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) and kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum) were examined at Wollongbar Research Station, northern New South Wales. Sarlon cloth was used to shade plots of the two species, after cutting to 8 cm, from November 1985 to March 1986. Herbage was harvested from shaded and adjacent unshaded plots for chemical analyses and for feeding as dry chaff to penned sheep at the University of Queensland research farm at Mt Cotton.Shade markedly decreased the voluntary

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Silanikove, N., and M. Gutman. "Interrelationships between lack of shading shelter and poultry litter supplementation: food intake, live weight, water metabolism and embryo loss in beef cows grazing dry Mediterranean pasture." Animal Science 55, no. 3 (1992): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000335610002105x.

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AbstractThe objective of the study was to assess the usefulness of providing shade for beef cows grazing summer dry Mediterranean -pasture and supplemented with a food high in non-protein nitrogen (poultry litter). Two groups of 30 cows each, in the last trimester of pregnancy, were placed on 1 June in two paddocks of similar grazing pressure, topography, vegetation cover and botanical composition. In one of the sub-units the cows had free access to a large shaded area, provided by 10 to 12 large eucalyptus trees, whereas in the second sub-unit, access to shade was denied until 31 August. Resp

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Izso, Elena, and Fenton Larsen. "FRUIT QUALITY DEVELOPMENT OF `GRANNY SMITH' APPLES IN RESPONSE TO TREE CANOPY LIGHT MICROCLIMATE." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1134G—1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1134.

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A preliminary study suggested light distribution (400-700nm) did not change from terminal bud set (July) to harvest (9/9/88). Therefore, limbs of 5-year-old trees were shaded the last 90 days of the season in 1988 and 7-year-old trees were shaded the last 60 days in 1989 with 30, 63, 95% or no shadecloth. Medium (63%) and heavy (95%) shade decreased fruit weight both years. Fruit soluble solids (SSC) decreased with increasing shade in 1988 but not in 1989 until after 60 days of storage. Fruit peel chlorophyll (chl) declined with time for all treatments. Apples from full sun and heavy shade tre

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Izso, Elena, and Fenton Larsen. "FRUIT QUALITY DEVELOPMENT OF `GRANNY SMITH' APPLES IN RESPONSE TO TREE CANOPY LIGHT MICROCLIMATE." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1134g—1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1134g.

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Abstract:

A preliminary study suggested light distribution (400-700nm) did not change from terminal bud set (July) to harvest (9/9/88). Therefore, limbs of 5-year-old trees were shaded the last 90 days of the season in 1988 and 7-year-old trees were shaded the last 60 days in 1989 with 30, 63, 95% or no shadecloth. Medium (63%) and heavy (95%) shade decreased fruit weight both years. Fruit soluble solids (SSC) decreased with increasing shade in 1988 but not in 1989 until after 60 days of storage. Fruit peel chlorophyll (chl) declined with time for all treatments. Apples from full sun and heavy shade tre

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Crow, I. "Making Good: How Ex-Convicts Reform and Rebuild Their Lives. By Shadd Maruna (Washington: American Psychological Association, 2001. 211 pp. $34.95 hb)." British Journal of Criminology 42, no. 4 (2002): 812–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/42.4.812.

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