Relevant bibliographies by topics / Shadow GDP

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Shadow GDP'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 30 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Shadow GDP"

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Temesgen, Bawoke Atnafu, Belainew Belete Yalew, Kassie Dessie Nigussie, Meselu Alamnie Mulugeta, and Tadele Bayu Genet. "Estimating the Size of Shadow Economy in Amhara Region, Ethiopia." Afrika Focus 38, no. 1 (2025): 59–82. https://doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-20250104.

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Abstract Stable and sustainable economic growth depends on an effective domestic resource mobilisation strategy. Ethiopia’s tax share of gdp is relatively low. One possible explanation for such a low tax-to-gdp ratio is the existence of a substantial shadow economy. There is proof that the shadow economy is extremely prevalent in Ethiopia. Despite a few attempts, Ethiopia’s shadow economy has not been extensively examined. There are three ways to estimate the size of the shadow economy: the direct, indirect and model approaches. In this study, we estimate the size of the shadow economy using a
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Schneider, Friedrich, and Bettina Hametner. "The Shadow Economy in Colombia: Size and Effects on Economic Growth." Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 20, no. 2 (2014): 293–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/peps-2013-0059.

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AbstractUsing the currency demand approach, size and development of Colombia’s shadow economy are estimated over the period from 1980 to 2012. The results show a great extent of shadow economic activity varying over time between 27 and 56% of GDP. The most important factors driving the shadow economy are indirect taxation and unemployment. Analyzing the interaction between shadow and official economy, the shadow economy has a negative effect on the official one. Average growth of real per capita GDP is 1.86% between 1980 and 2012, without shadow economy it would have been higher around 0.12 pe
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Saraswati, Saraswati, and Neli Agustina. "The Impact of Human Capital on Shadow Economy in Indonesia." Economics and Finance in Indonesia 66, no. 1 (2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47291/efi.v66i1.629.

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Shadow economy is a market for legal and illegal goods and services that escape recording and estimation of GDP. It can cause inaccurate estimation of GDP, declining tax revenue, and less precise economic policies. Improving the quality of human capital, both in education and health dimensions, can reduce shadow economy. The research aims to estimate shadow economy and analyze the influence of the quality of human capital on shadow economy in Indonesia. Applying time series multiple linear regression analysis, the findings show that the average shadow economy in Indonesia is 28.97 percent, cha
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Schneider, Friedrich, and Dominik H. Enste. "Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences." Journal of Economic Literature 38, no. 1 (2000): 77–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.38.1.77.

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Using various methods, the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition, and OECD countries is estimated. Average size varies from 12 percent of GDP for OECD countries, to 23 percent for transition countries and 39 percent for developing countries. Increasing taxation and social security contributions combined with rising state regulations are driving forces for the increase of the shadow economy, especially in OECD countries. According to some findings, corruption has a positive impact on the size of the shadow economy, and a growing shadow economy has a negative effect on official
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Buszko, Andrzej. "Labour Market Flexibility in the Context of the Shadow Economy for the Construction Industry." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 19, no. 4 (2020): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2020.19.4.37.

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The article analyses labour market flexibility in the context of the shadow economy. The main research problem is devoted to the flexibility of the construction labour market in relation to the level of labourers who work in a country's shadow economy. The following hypothesis was adopted: Flexibility of the labour market for the construction industry decreases with an increase in the level of the shadow economy. The MIMIC approach was used to calculate the level of the shadow economy in a group of selected countries, divided into three categories. The first category includes countries with a
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Mong, Mara, and Siphat Lim. "Analyzing the impact of the shadow economy on economic growth in Cambodia." Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (2024): 125–36. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v9i1.3862.

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A model of equations known as the VAR model has been employed to investigate the relationships among four endogenous variables: the growth rate of GDP, the shadow economy, the inflation rate, and final consumption expenditure. The initial response of GDP to shocks from the shadow economy is negative for the first three quarters, with the effect gradually decreasing from the fifth to the tenth quarter. In the first and second quarters, there is no observable impact on GDP due to shocks from the inflation rate; however, this shock becomes harmful between the third and fifth quarters before stabi
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Maulida, Rahma Hanii, and Darwanto Darwanto. "Analysis of Institutional Quality Influence on Shadow Economy Development." JEJAK 11, no. 1 (2018): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v11i1.11322.

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GDP is the main indicator of economy which reflects economic activities in a country. In fact, shadow economy is exist in every country, it is some of the activities which are not included in the national account. This condition can lead to a biased policies. So that, it is important to take into account the shadow economy when formulating policies. There are no such of data for shadow economy activities. The purpose of this research is to estimate shadow economy in seven developing countries of ASEAN. The estimation method used is the MIMIC approach in the period of 2007-2016. Besides, this r
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Anastasiia, S. Poltorak. "The shadow economy as an internal threat to Ukraine's financial security." Economic journal Odessa polytechnic university 3, no. 9 (2019): 104–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3805257.

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The article is devoted to monitoring the state of the shadow economy of the state as a key threat to the financial security of the state. The state of the shadow economy of Ukraine, calculated according to the methodology of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine and IMF experts, is analyzed. It is mathematically proved that there is a connection between the level of the shadow economy of Ukraine and the state of its financial security, and the level of GDP per capita as an indicator that objectively characterizes the country's development rate and is used in most method
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Barbu, Teodora Cristina, Iustina Alina Boitan, and Sorin Iulian Cioaca. "Macroeconomic Determinants of Shadow Banking – Evidence from EU Countries." Review of Economic and Business Studies 9, no. 2 (2016): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rebs-2016-0037.

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AbstractShadow banking is a topical, debated issue on the agenda of national and European macro-prudential regulatory and supervisory authorities. It is generally accepted that shadow banks and the traditional banking system have some core functions in common, such as credit and maturity transformation, and the exposure to similar risks. However, the tight banking regulations and the decreasing trend recorded by interest rates in the post-crisis period create prospects for shadow banking sector growth. Against this background, the present paper aims at investigating the particular impact that
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Nchor, Dennis, and Tomáš Konderla. "The Shadow Economy of Czech Republic and Tax Evasion: The Currency Demand Approach." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 6 (2016): 2081–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664062081.

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This study investigates the shadow economy of Czech Republic and the associated losses in tax revenue. The presence of a shadow economy may not necessarily be bad for the economies in which they prevail but they could cause huge losses to government revenue and could also constitute serious violation of labour regulations. The study uses the Currency Demand Approach. It measures the size of the shadow economy in two stages: a) the econometric estimation of an aggregate money demand equation b) the calculation of the value of the shadow economy through the quantity theory of money. The key vari
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Shadow GDP"

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Laguta, K. L. "How the undeground economy affects GDP." Thesis, Дніпропетровський національний університет залізничного транспорту імені В. Лазаряна, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10831.

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Economic analysts differ in their estimations of the size of the underground economy, but all agree on the fact the size of the underground economy affects to some extent gross domestic product (GDP) figures and other key economic measurements.
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Кубатко, Вікторія Василівна, Виктория Васильевна Кубатко та Viktoriia Vasylivna Kubatko. "Державна політика детінізації економіки України з урахуванням економіко-екологічних факторів". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/72915.

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У дисертації удосконалено визначення сутності тіньового сектору національної економіки, систематизовано теоретико-методичне підгрунтя формування державної політики детінізації економіки, удосконалено методичні положення оцінювання рівня тінізації економіки за видами економічної діяльності, втрат бюджетних надходжень та еколого-економічного збитку від функціонування тіньового сектору економіки, виявлено основні детермінанти його формування та напрями концентрації зусиль реалізації державної політики мінімізації економіко-екологічних наслідків його функціонування.<br>В диссертации усовершенствов
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Kotala, Jan. "Měření daňových úniků." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72064.

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This thesis deals with the measurement of tax evasion. The first part deals with the theory of tax evasion, its general, legislative and economic definition and its consequences. A special subsection is devoted to relation of the tax evasion and the shadow economy. The second part deals with the theory of tax evasion measurement and the last chapter focuses on shadow economy volume measurement and tax evasion measurement in the Czech Republic.
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Christodoulou, Carolina, and Philip Bertilsson. "Fifty Shades of Green." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17436.

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The current green marketing industry is growing due to increasing consumer demand in combination with current environmental issues. Even so a common definition of the term green does not exist which creates both company and consumer confusion. Generally the expression is perceived by consumers to only describe environmentally friendly products but it is also further applied to different activities such as production, distribution and retailing. Due to the consumer lack of knowledge companies are having continuous difficulties satisfying the consumer’s changing needs and simultaneously protecti
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Moravcová, Jana. "Daňové úniky v oblasti zdanění spotřeby." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114674.

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The Diploma Thesis deals with estimation of tax evation of value-added tax in the Czech Republic during 2006-2010. For the estimate we have used the concept of tax gap (in the case of VAT we speak about VAT gap), which is based on comparison of theoretical tax liability of the economy with the actual tax receipts. An international comparison of the Czech Republic VAT gap with available data of other countries has been made as well. The Thesis includes further description of tax evation types specific for VAT and other approaches to measurement of tax evation. Role of the shadow economy measure
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Howarth, Marianne. "In light and shade : British views of Germany since 1945." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341259.

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Since 1945 the state now known as the Federal Republic of Germany has experienced: • quadripartite military occupation • . division into two states organised in line with Cold War polarity • the construction and fortification of a brutal border and (following an unforeseen chain of events) • a spectacular dismantling of that order and the subsequent re-joining of the previously divided parts. Following that, there has been an alignment and absorption of the newly created single state into the framework of Western democracy in its broadest sense. The process of the British accommodation to thes
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Gerard, France. "Remote sensing of tropical forests : the importance of shadow patters and multi-angle viewing in extracting canopy gap and forest structure information." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30389.

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This thesis examines principles surrounding the use of multi-angle remote sensing to exploit effects of canopy shadowing on tropical forest bi-directional reflectance and thus provide improved tropical forest structural variable estimates. Remote sensing provides an invaluable source of information on inaccessible tropical forests. To date, the extraction of reliable and replicable forest canopy information from remotely sensed data has proved difficult. Recently, sensors have been developed which are able to view the Earth's surface from multiple angles. This extra dimension in reflectance da
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Pezzuto, Gabriele. "I giochi di ruolo: proposta di traduzione di Urban Shadows e analisi terminologica del genere testuale." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15383/.

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Fin dalla loro origine, i giochi di ruolo hanno rappresentato un genere testuale e una forma di intrattenimento atipica. Nei giochi di ruolo, infatti, non esiste un vincitore che prevale sugli altri giocatori, ma i partecipanti concorrono alla creazione di una storia avvincente. Questa singolare tipologia ludica presenta diverse problematiche traduttive dovute a una notevole varietà testuale. I manuali includono al contempo una terminologia tecnica e parti narrative che fungono da esempi del sistema normativo del gioco, rendendo necessario l’impiego di strategie traduttive differenti. Lo scopo
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Тютюник, Інна Володимирівна, Инна Владимировна Тютюнык та Inna Volodymyrivna Tiutiunyk. "Детінізація національної економіки на основі управління податковими розривами". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/77289.

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У дисертації здійснено класифікацію підходів до трактування сутності тінізації економіки, оцінено ефективність державної політики детінізації економіки, її вплив на індикатори соціального розвитку та її залежність від фінансово-економічних детермінант, запропоновано механізм оцінювання інтегрального ризику тінізації господарської операції. Уточнено типологізацію податкових розривів, закономірності розвитку теоретичного підґрунтя, сутність, функції та принципи управління ними, оцінено їх обсяги за податком на додану вартість, податком на прибуток підприємств, експортно-імпортними платежами, под
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Pratt, John L. "Mind the gap : an examination of the pause in modern theatre; and, Shadows : a play (major creative work); and, Bank accounts : a collage of monologues (minor creative work)." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/459.

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Both as a student of theatre and, eventually, as a professional practitioner, it has long been apparent to me that there is a dearth of reference material on what has become one of the modern theatre’s most important elements: the pause. Actors, directors and playwrights can only interpret the word ‘pause’ according to their own experience and its meaning remains nebulous, even after agreement has been reached in a specific context. The essay, Mind The Gap, examines the significance of the pause to these various practitioners. It suggests, with examples, close analysis of the purpose of each p
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Books on the topic "Shadow GDP"

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DeMaria, Rusel, and Zach Meston. Sega Genesis Secrets, Volume 2. Prima Publishing, 1991.

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Prima. Official Sega Genesis: Power Tips Book. Prima Publishing, 1992.

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Arnold, J. Douglas, and Zach Metson. Awesome Sega Genesis Secrets 4. Sandwich Islands Publishing, 1994.

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Arnold, J. Douglas, and Zach Meston. Awesome Sega Genesis Secrets 3. Sandwich Islands Publishing, 1993.

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Sandler, Corey. Official Sega Genesis and Game Gear strategies, 3RD Edition. Bantam Books, 1992.

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Chacaltana Janampa, Juan,, Fernanda Bárcia de, Mattos, and Juan Manuel, García. New technologies, e-government and informality. ILO, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54394/neyy5523.

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This working paper studies the complex relationship between technology adoption and infor­mality, leveraging recent cross-country data to analyse the effects of mobile phone subscrip­tions, internet access, automation and e-government on informal employment, vulnerable em­ployment, and the shadow economy's GDP share. The study delves into the nuanced interplay between technology adoption and informality, suggesting that while technology adoption can reduce informality by enhancing productivity and government capacity, it can also create con­ditions to increase informality, such as the prolifer
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Eydel, Katja. Katja Eydel: Shadow Gap. MIT Press, 2020.

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Wright Rigueur, Leah. More Shadow than Substance. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691159010.003.0007.

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This chapter studies how, as the 1970s progressed, black Republicans were able to claim clear victories in their march toward equality: the expansion of the National Black Republican Council (NBRC); the incorporation of African Americans into the Republican National Committee (RNC) hierarchy; scores of black Republicans integrating state and local party hierarchies; and individual examples of black Republican success. African American party leaders could even point to their ability to forge a consensus voice among the disparate political ideas of black Republicans. Despite their ideological di
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LT K-D Gdr Shadows Is. Rigby, 1996.

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Bentley, Kristina, Laurie Nathan, and Richard Calland. Falls the Shadow: Between the promise and the reality of the South African Constitution. UCT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/1775820574.

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The gap between the promise of the Constitution and the reality of life for most South Africans is a significant problem that requires urgent attention. This book explores that gap — its causes, its meaning and its implications. On the face of it, the Constitution provides for the security of all the people in South Africa and it does this in many compelling ways. Yet the majority of the population are socially, economically, physically and psychologically insecure. This gives rise to troubling questions: What is the nature and extent of the gap between the constitutional promise of security a
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Book chapters on the topic "Shadow GDP"

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Trifu, Alexandru. "The Double-Way İnterrelationship Between the Shadow Economy and the Economic Growth (GDP Rate)." In Emerging Fraud. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20826-3_5.

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Siebentritt, Susanne. "Shallow Defects in the Wide Gap Chalcopyrite CuGaSe2." In Wide-Gap Chalcopyrites. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31293-5_7.

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Horsley, Anthony, and Andrew J. Wrobel. "Existence of Optimal Quantities and Shadow Prices with No Duality Gap." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33398-4_6.

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Pijanowska, Joanna, and Andrzej Prejs. "Food-web manipulation in shallow, eutrophic lakes: bridging the gap between the whole-lake approach and behavioural and demographic studies." In Shallow Lakes ’95. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5648-6_31.

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Kim, Songyi, Yongwon Jeong, Haehyung Lee, et al. "A Novel Contactless Impedance Detector With Shallow Insulation Gap." In Micro Total Analysis Systems 2002. Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0295-0_166.

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Willemson, Jan. "Fifty Shades of Personal Data – Partial Re-identification and GDPR." In Privacy Technologies and Policy. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07315-1_6.

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Mukherjee, Avishek, Beata Hejno, and Manish Osti. "Channel State Information Spectrum Gap Filling Using Shallow Neural Networks." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97652-1_42.

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Hashimoto, Masanori, Ángel López García-Arias, and Jaehoon Yu. "Bridging the Gap Between Reservoirs and Neural Networks." In Photonic Neural Networks with Spatiotemporal Dynamics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5072-0_12.

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AbstractWhile reservoir computing is drawing attention, its applications are limited to small tasks. This chapter proposes a solution to this issue by introducing the Hidden-Fold Network, a recursive model with fixed random weights that resembles reservoir computing. The model is constructed based on recent discoveries in neural networks, namely the Strong Lottery Ticket Hypothesis and folding. By pruning an overparameterized model that is randomly initialized, it is possible to find accurate neural networks without the need for weight optimization. It is conjectured that residual networks may
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Barbosa, Lutiana Valadares Fernandes. "The Accountability Gap, the Focus on Individual Criminal Responsibility, and the Shadow of State Responsibility until 2022." In Autonomous Weapons Systems and the Responsibility of States. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781032692364-4.

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Kartheuser, E. "Optical Properties of Bulk II-VI Semiconductors: Effect of Shallow Donor States." In Growth and Optical Properties of Wide-Gap II–VI Low-Dimensional Semiconductors. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5661-5_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Shadow GDP"

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Whited, Tim, Xianming (Andy) Yu, and Robin Tems. "Mitigating Soil-Side Corrosion on Crude Oil Tank Bottoms Using Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02242.

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Abstract Soil-side corrosion of the bottom plates of above ground crude oil storage tanks is a major corrosion challenge in the oil and gas industry, especially when these tanks are constructed on oiled-sand pads. Severe corrosion has been identified on tank bottoms at a crude oil tank farm in the Arabian Peninsula. Corrosion led to the costly replacement of bottom plates. The soil-side surfaces of the bottom plates were designed to be protected by a shallow anode impressed current cathodic protection (CP) system. The oily sand layer and air gaps under the bottom plates reduced CP effectivenes
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Black, Anders Rosborg, Troels Mathiesen, and Lisbeth Rischel Hilbert. "Corrosion Protection of Offshore Wind Foundations." In CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05896.

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Abstract This paper presents a review of the current standards and guidelines on corrosion protection of offshore wind foundations. It also gives a review of the experiences reported within the industry over the last decade, during which time offshore wind has gone from a marginal industry to a major governmentally supported renewable energy source within Northern Europe in particular. Today many reported experiences concerning both the external and internal corrosion protection systems of offshore wind foundation structures have highlighted the need for updated and further documentation withi
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Coca, Dan-Andrei, and Andreea Nistor. "Digital Shadow Economy – Literature Review." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/13.

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The virtual environment is a phenomenon that has grown exponentially in recent years, changing the way the economy evolves. Through e-commerce, social media platforms, online stores, or websites, financial resources are rolled both legally and illegally. Thus, some transactions are not accounted for or taxed, and also the concept of the digital shadow economy, defined as economic shadow activities conducted in electronic space, with no physical contact is increasingly present today. This paper aims to review and systematically analyze, through bibliometric analysis, using the Web of Science sc
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Costa, Leonardo da Silva Guimarães Martins da. "The Transdisciplinary Chair and the Mainstream Shadow: An Analysis Starting from the ADJURIS Volumes 1 and 2 through the HPTD-M Theory Perspective." In Online Symposium „For an international transdisciplinary chair” organized by the International Center for Transdisciplinary Research and Studies (CIRET). ADJURIS – International Academic Publisher, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62768/adjuris/2024/4/10.

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The objective of this article is to compare the many approaches of TD presented in the 2024 ADJURIS Book Volumes 1 and 2 ‘For an International Transdisciplinary Chair’, showing that the HPTD-M theory can dialogue with all of them and be used as a mediation tool. Considering the HPTD-M concepts of Analytic or Hard and Synthetic or Soft: the first is related to rational and empirical types of intelligence, and the second to emotional and intuitive. Through our analysis two TD mainstreams were found, regarding the dominance of one or another, but in the end TD is about the dialogue of the two com
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Iacob, Mihail. "The choice of DVB-T2 signal transmission technology in the shadow areas of the Republic of Moldova." In 12th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computing. Technical University of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/ic-ecco.2022/ce.01.

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This article presents the results of research into the opportunity to use Gap Fillers in the shadow areas of the first national digital terrestrial television multiplex of the Republic of Moldova. A basic condition related to the expansion of the population's access to the DVB-T2 signal in the "shadow areas" was - the use of the existing terrestrial broadcasting infrastructure. It was demonstrated that, to achieve the proposed goal, the use of Gap Fillers is not appropriate, but for the signal emission in the "shadow areas" it is necessary to use low-power DVB-T2 transmitters. In this case, th
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Bai, John Guofeng, and Jae-Hyun Chung. "Shadow Edge Lithography for Wafer-Scale Nanofabrication." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42265.

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We propose shadow edge lithography (SEL) as a wafer-scale nanofabrication method. The shadow effect of “line-ofsight” in high-vacuum evaporation is analyzed theoretically to predict the geometric distributions of the fabricated nanoscale gaps. In the experiment, nanoscale gap patterns are created by the shadow of Al edges which are prepatterned using e-beam evaporation and the conventional ultraviolet lithography. Feasibility of the SEL is demonstrated by the fabrication of nanogaps having the width ranging from 15 to 100 nm on 4-inch Si wafers. Furthermore, by using the height differences in
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Kim, Duk-Jun, Junghyung Pyo, and Gyungock Kim. "Center wavelength uniformity of shallow-etched silicon photonic wire AWG." In 2009 6th IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/group4.2009.5338313.

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Tu, Xin, Ming Li, Jia Jiang, et al. "Compact low-loss adiabatic bends in silicon shallow-etched waveguides." In 2016 IEEE 13th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/group4.2016.7739046.

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Li, Minghui, Wei Wan, Yuxuan Ning, et al. "DarkFed: A Data-Free Backdoor Attack in Federated Learning." In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/491.

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Federated learning (FL) has been demonstrated to be susceptible to backdoor attacks. However, existing academic studies on FL backdoor attacks rely on a high proportion of real clients with main task-related data, which is impractical. In the context of real-world industrial scenarios, even the simplest defense suffices to defend against the state-of-the-art attack, 3DFed. A practical FL backdoor attack remains in a nascent stage of development. To bridge this gap, we present DarkFed. Initially, we emulate a series of fake clients, thereby achieving the attacker proportion typical of academic
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Li, Cheng, Chen Wang, Guangyang Lin, Songyan Chen, and Hongkai Lai. "Ge n+/p shallow junctions for light emission and detection applications." In 2017 IEEE 14th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/group4.2017.8082199.

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Reports on the topic "Shadow GDP"

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Harangozó, Dániel. Croatia’s defence policy in the shadow of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war (2020-2023). Magyar Külügyi Intézet, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2023.29.

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This paper reviews some of the current issues in Croatian military and defence policy in the period 2020-2023. It concentrates on three topics: defence spending trends and major defence modernization projects, the conflict between the Prime Minister and the President and its effects on the defence system, and Croatia’s reaction to the Russia-Ukraine war. The paper concludes that after a longer period of stagnation and decrease, defence spending has shown an increasing trend since 2020-2021. Defence spending as a share of GDP approaches, and the share of equipment expenditure within defence spe
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Marcos-Marne, Hugo. The Spanish Radical Right under the shadow of the invasion of Ukraine. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0030.

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Despite the geographical distance, the war in Ukraine has brought to the fore links between the Russian establishment and Radical Right forces in Spain. Both scholars and pundits have taken an interest in the question, which spread to party competition, quickly turning into a (discursive) race away from Putin as the consequences of war become more evident. Despite the war’s unquestioned relevance and previous links between Russia and the Radical Right in Spain (albeit less established than in other European countries), a systematic analysis of the effects of the invasion is missing. This repor
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Andrian, Leandro Gaston, César M. Rodríguez, and Oscar Valencia. Surges in the Shadows: Stock-Flow Adjustments and Public Debt Spikes. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013162.

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In this paper, we study the drivers of public debt surges across 172 countries from 1980-2021. We focus on the role of discrepancies between the annual change in public debt and the budget deficit, referred to as stock-flow adjustments (SFA). The analysis employs survival methods to model the effect of SFA and other macroeconomic factors on the hazard rate for debt spike events. We differentiate between debt accumulation trends and spikes to examine how SFA influences the likelihood of a spike once a country is already on an increasing debt trajectory. Our results indicate that an increase of
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Rivard, C. Characterization of shallow aquifers and assessment of potential impacts of oil and gas development activities on these aquifers in the Fox Creek area (AB) - October 2021 update. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329088.

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A multidisciplinary and multi-institutional project was initiated in the Fox Creek area (west-central Alberta) in April 2019 to study environmental impacts of hydrocarbon development activities. The initial objective was to specifically study potential impacts on shallow groundwater. However, different Sectors within NRCan later identified the Fox Creek area as a region of interest for developing regional cumulative effects evaluation methods in support of new impact assessment legislation. As a result, the scope is now much broader and the project includes studies of vegetation, forest, snow
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Khosravifar, Arash. COMBINED EFFECTS OF LATERAL SPREADING AND SUPERSTRUCTURE INERTIA. Deep Foundations Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37308/cpf-2020-drsh-2.

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The seismic behavior of a RC pile with a diameter of 0.25 m subjected to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading was investigated using a shake table experiment that was conducted at the University of California, San Diego by Professor Ahmed Elgamal and Dr. Ahmed Ebeido (Ebeido and Elgamal 2019). A sinusoidal motion was applied at the base of a model that was inclined by 4 degrees. The loose and dense sand layers liquefied during the test, resulting in a permanent lateral spreading displacement of approximately 0.4 m (Figure E1). The pile was subjected to the combined effects of inertial loads
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Arumugam, Udayansankar, Mimoun Elboujdaini, Ming Gao, and Ramiro Vanoye. PR-328-133702-R02 F-S Fatigue Testing of Crack-in-Dent with Framework for Life Prediction. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011628.

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ASME B31.8 states that "Dents that contain stress corrosion cracking or other cracks are injurious to the pipeline" and therefore, requires immediate attention by the Operators. Dent containing crack fields (colonies) are often observed in liquid pipelines. The recently completed PRCI research project MD-1N "Study of the Mechanism for Cracking in Dents in a Crude Oil Pipeline" showed evidence of a mechanism for fatigue cracking. The crack growth rate as a function of stress intensity factor was estimated using the measured spacings of fatigue striations from fracture surfaces based on the assu
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Raymond, Kara, Laura Palacios, and Evan Gwilliam. Status of climate and water resources at Big Bend National Park: Water year 2019. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294267.

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Climate and hydrology are major drivers of ecosystem structure and function, particularly in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Understanding changes in climate, groundwater, streamflow, and water quality is central to assessing the condition of park resources. This report combines data collected on climate, groundwater, and springs at Big Bend National Park (NP) to provide an integrated look at climate and water conditions during water year (WY) 2019 (October 2018–September 2019). However, this report does not address the Rio Grande or its tributaries. Annual precipitation was higher than normal
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Bartolino, Valerio, Lena Bergström, Mårten Erlandsson, and Birgit Koehler. Potential future climate change effects on Swedish fish and fisheries. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.69d4ds9ph6.

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Oceans have been warming at an unprecedented rate over the last few decades and climate change is having profound effects on biodiversity and other ecosystem services that oceans provide for human well-being. The motivation for this report is a strong need to understand the consequences of climate change on aquatic ecosystems to develop strategies to minimize the impact on fished species, fisheries and society. The introduction and first chapters of the report are based on a literature review, which summarizes the current state of knowledge about climate change in the Swedish marine and coasta
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