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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Shaft-hole axes

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Journal articles

Academic literature on the topic 'Shaft-hole axes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Shaft-hole axes"

1

Borodovsky, A. P. "A Bronze Age Shaft-Hole Axe from the Northwestern Baraba Forest-Steppe." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 50, no. 2 (2022): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2022.50.2.041-048.

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This study introduces a crested shaft-hole axe found on the southern shore of Lake Maidan, Vengerovsky District, Novosibirsk Region. Such random finds are regarded as markers of Bronze Age landscape zones and transportation routes in southwestern Siberia. Shaft-hole axes with slight crests occurred on this territory from the mid to late 2nd millennium BC. In addition to such axes, several casting molds made of clay, stone or metal have been found, possibly suggesting that axes were not only imported but also manufactured locally. These random finds of shaft hole axes can be considered markers of the complex, mirroring not only Middle and Late Bronze Age distribution areas, but also a considerable northward shift of landscape borders during an episode of climatic change, as well as indicating key routes for the migration of people associated with various traditions and objects. The mapping of various subtypes of shaft-hole axes from the Baraba forest-steppe revealed one such route, leading northward from southwestern Siberia to the Vasyugan Swamp. Apart from the series of axes from Baraba, certain cemeteries, such as Stary Tartas-4, yielded miniature replicas used as personal adornments. This feature links the north of the western part of the axes’ distribution area (the forest-steppe zone of the Ob-Irtysh watershed) with its eastern part – the Minusinsk Basin.

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2

Apakidze, Joni, and Svend Hansen. "Two Bronze Age Hoards with Shaft-Hole Axes from West Georgia." Slovenská archeológia LXVIII, Suppl. 1 (2020): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/slovarch.2020.suppl.1.1.

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3

BERNARDINI, F., A. DE MIN, D. EICHERT, et al. "SHAFT-HOLE AXES FROM CAPUT ADRIAE: MINERALOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CONSTRAINTS ABOUT THE PROVENANCE OF SERPENTINITIC ARTEFACTS*." Archaeometry 53, no. 2 (2011): 261–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2010.00547.x.

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4

Williams-Thorpe, O., P. C. Webb, and M. C. Jones. "Non-destructive geochemical and magnetic characterisation of Group XVIII dolerite stone axes and shaft-hole implements from England." Journal of Archaeological Science 30, no. 10 (2003): 1237–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-4403(02)00274-1.

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5

BERNARDINI, F., A. DE MIN, G. DEMARCHI, E. MONTAGNARI KOKELJ, A. VELUŠČEK, and D. KOMŠO. "SHAFT-HOLE AXES FROM SLOVENIA AND NORTH-WESTERN CROATIA: A FIRST ARCHAEOMETRIC STUDY ON ARTEFACTS MANUFACTURED FROM META-DOLERITES*." Archaeometry 51, no. 6 (2009): 894–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2009.00472.x.

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6

Chindina, L. A., and N. M. Zinyakov. "Cultural and Technological Characteristics of Russian Forged Iron Tools from the Selkup Cemetery Migalka in the Middle Ob Basin." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 48, no. 3 (2020): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2020.48.3.090-098.

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This study addresses Russian iron artifacts from the Narym Selkup cemetery Migalka, dating to the late 1600s to early 1700s. Two most important categories of tools are described—knives and axes. In terms of morphology, knives fall into two groups: straight-backed and those with convex (“humped”) backs. The combination of a “humpbacked” blade, typical of native manufacture, and Russian hilt plates precludes an unambiguous ethnic attribution. Special attention is paid to knives with fi ligree-enamel hilt plates as markers of high socio-economic status. The garniture evidences northern Russian origin. The metallographic analysis of knives (22% of the sample) revealed two technological groups: made of solid steel and welded. Axes, made by Russian artisans, are of the shaft-hole type and fall into four types. The analysis, relating to 42% of the sample, indicates two techniques: welding of a steel blade onto an iron base or a piece of raw steel, and using irregularly carbonized metal for forging the entire axe. Ferrous metal items follow the Russian technological traditions. Three key factors accounted for the spread of Russian artifacts among the natives: “Tsar’s gift” for paying the yasak (tribute); colonization of Siberia followed by the emergence of trade manufacture; and the involvement of natives, specifi cally the Narym Selkups, in the all-Russian market. Our fi ndings attest to the relevance of iron artifacts from archaeological sites to the historical and cultural studies of the colonization period in western Siberia.

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7

Il’inykh, Viktor. "Evaluation of quality parameters of conical profile compounds in nodes of multi-purpose machines." E3S Web of Conferences 140 (2019): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201914002003.

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The article presents a study of the mandrel spindle assembly for accuracy, contact stiffness and strength. The study was made on the basis of conical profile connections with an equiaxed contour. Experiments were carried out for multi-purpose machines of various layouts on the basis of the previously developed program-mathematical complex of evaluating the parameters of the shaft-sleeve coupling. The analysis of the simulation modeling results of the accuracy of the shaft (mandrel) installation in the hole of the sleeve (spindle) is carried out taking into account the error in shape, taper, the magnitude of the assembly force and the external conditional load in the spatial setting. With respect to the three coordinate axes, the possible displacements and rotations of the tool mandrels with a modified shank design are determined when they are based and secured in the spindle. In each design case, the accuracy of the relative position of the parts of the conical profile connections was compared during reusable assembly for the horizontal and vertical machine, respectively, and during the operation of the spindle-mandrel assembly under the condition of an external load. As a result of research, it was found that the layout of the machine does not significantly affect the quality parameters of the profile connection in conditions of reusable assembly. A significant effect of the error in the shape of the mating parts of the connection has been determined, which leads to an increase in maximum contact pressures till 22MPa, a displacement of the mandrel along the Z axis up to 25 µm, and a significant influence on the ultimate external load, which leads to elastic displacements of the mandrel along the Y axis to 2 µm for tapering 1:10.

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8

Preda, Bianca. "Considerations regarding Barrow Burials and Metal Depositions during the Early Bronze Age in the Carpathian-Danube Area." Hiperboreea 2, no. 2 (2015): 5–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/hiperboreea.2.2.0005.

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Abstract The beginning of the Early Bronze Age brought significant changes in the Carpathian-Danube Area, including new burial customs, a different economy and innovative technologies, most of them with eastern steppe origins. Thus, burial barrows appeared in the landscape raised over rectangular grave-pits, sometimes with wood or stone structures containing individuals lying in contracted or supine position with flexed legs, stained with ochre, rarely accompanied by grave-goods like wares, ornaments or weapons made of stone, bone and precious metals. Among the metallurgical innovations, items such as silver hair rings, copper shaft-hole axes and tanged daggers are considered specific to the new era. However, a careful approach of the deposition contexts of these artifacts, as compared with the eastern space, indicates that in some cases the objects were not just adopted, but reinterpreted and involved in different social practices. This paper aims to analyze the manner in which metal pieces were disposed of and to identify the rules governing this behavior.

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9

Brown, A., N. M. Soonawala, R. A. Everitt, and D. C. Kamineni. "Geology and geophysics of the Underground Research Laboratory site, Lac du Bonnet Batholith, Manitoba." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 2 (1989): 404–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-037.

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The lease area of the Atomic Energy of Canada Limited Underground Research Laboratory covers 3.8 km2 and is located 2.5 km north of the south contact of the Lac du Bonnet Batholith. A shaft to 255 m and 130 boreholes up to 1100 m deep expose the third dimension.The underlying granite is largely of two types: (i) pink porphyritic, which may be biotite rich, gneissic, and (or) xenolithic; and (ii) grey homogeneous and equigranular. Composition layering, including xenolith-rich zones, outlines domes along an antiform trending north-northeast through the western part of the lease area. The southeast-dipping flank underlies the eastern half of the site, including the shaft. Axes of folding trend 065 °and 140°. Homogeneous grey granite, being relatively fresh and unfractured, is associated with a magnetic field that is about 100 nT higher and with a resistivity that is up to 5000 Ω∙m higher than those of other units. A pattern of highs in the magnetic field, caused by the high magnetite content of some xenoliths, can be used to map the antiform.Three thrust faults that dip 10–30° east-southeast are partly controlled by the compositional layering. Anomalies in the very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) field occur at the surface projections of faults. One fault has been mapped at depth by a high-resolution seismic reflection survey. A suite of downhole geophysical methods, including cross-hole seismic, has been used to map discontinuities in boreholes.Subvertical penetrative foliations and pegmatitic dykes are part of the late crystallization fabric, providing (with filled fractures) a continuous deformation history in response to north- to northeast-trending compressive stress.

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10

BERNARDINI, F., A. DE MIN, D. LENAZ, P. ŠÍDA, C. TUNIZ, and E. MONTAGNARI KOKELJ. "SHAFT-HOLE AXES FROM CAPUT ADRIAE MADE FROM AMPHIBOLE-RICH METABASITES: EVIDENCE OF CONNECTIONS BETWEEN NORTHEASTERN ITALY AND CENTRAL EUROPE DURING THE FIFTH MILLENNIUM BC." Archaeometry 54, no. 3 (2011): 427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2011.00637.x.

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