Academic literature on the topic 'Shaft kiln process'

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Journal articles on the topic "Shaft kiln process"

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Yur'ev, Boris, and Vyacheslav Dudko. "Determination of Key Parameters Required to Optimize Calcination Process in Ferrous Metallurgy Heating Plants." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.282.

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Lime is the product of calcination. Its formation is always related to removal of carbon dioxide generated in the course of carbonate decomposition. Ferrous metallurgy, construction material, chemical and food industry companies account for about 90 % of lime produced in the country. Ferrous metallurgy is the major consumer of commercial lime using up to 40 % of all produced lime. Currently, despite occurrence of new binding and artificially produced chemical compounds, lime remains the major chemical compound produced by the industry in terms of output. Various units (shaft, rotary tubular kilns and fluidized bed kilns) are used for calcination. Shaft kilns are used the most widely. Considering continuously growing demand for lime, the need occurs for intensification of the burning process and optimization of the shaft kiln operating conditions. This requires knowledge of calcination physicochemical and heat transfer process mechanisms. Thus, the work deals with the issues related to determination of the optimal specific fuel consumption for burning of limestone from a particular deposit. It may be done only basing on thermal calculations for an operating shaft kiln, what, in its turn, causes the need for determination of the whole set of limestone and lime heat transfer properties. The obtained work results may be used to optimize the operating conditions of not only shaft but also rotary kilns intended for limestone heat treatment.
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Mishra, Anjay Kumar. "Technical and Economical Assessment of Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln." Journal of Advanced Research in Civil and Environmental Engineering 08, no. 01 (April 23, 2021): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2393.8307.202102.

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Infrastructure development, particularly the housing problem, is one of the serious issues in developing countries like Nepal. The development of housing complexes is related to various financial and environmental implications. One of the basic parameters involved in the infrastructure development pertinent to Kathmandu valley is the use of alternative materials to masonry unit, particularly bricks. Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln (VSBK) should be adopted and diffused in Nepal because it is high time for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly technologies. Various studies and monitoring has shown that (VSBK) Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln technology is an improved brick making process. The major advantage of VSBK technology is its energy efficiency and environmental friendliness. VSBK consumes 30 to 40% less energy and reduces environmental pollution by 80 to 90% in comparison to FCBTK technology. The Strength of this brick is also higher than FCBTK brick. Further VSBK provides an improved working environment (Reduced Occupational Health Hazards) to the workers.
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Zhou, Hong, Fu Ming Zhang, and Tao Zhang. "Development and Application on Large Annular Shaft Kiln at Shougang." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1339.

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The current status of technical development of annular shaft kiln for limestone calcination production is described in this paper. Based on the existing technological accumulation, a new type annular shaft kiln with capacity of 600t/d has been developed independently by Beijing Shougang International Engineering Technology Co. Ltd. A number of key technologies of the new type large annular shaft kiln are researched and integrated, include thermal process system determination, lining refractory structure optimization, heat-exchanger configuration etc. The major advanced characteristics of new type annular shaft kiln are energy saving, higher efficiency, lower environmental pollution, lower emission, lower engineering investment, and lower operation cost. The excellent performances and application results in production have been achieved at Shougang Qiangang steel plant.
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Filkoski, Risto, Ilija Petrovski, and Zlatko Gjurchinovski. "Energy optimisation of vertical shaft kiln operation in the process of dolomite calcination." Thermal Science 22, no. 5 (2018): 2123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180125278f.

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The essential part of the refractory materials production on a basis of sintered dolomite as raw material is the process of dolomite calcination. The technology process usually takes place in shaft or rotary kilns, where the dolomite stone, CaMg(CO3)2, is subjected to a high temperature heat treatment. The calcination of the dolomite is highly endothermic reaction, requiring significant amount of thermal energy to produce sintered dolomite (CaO, MgO), generating a large flow of hot gases at the furnace outlet. The objective of this work was to assess the possibilities of utilization of waste heat of exhaust gases from a shaft kiln in order to improve the overall energy efficiency of the technology process. Several different options were analyzed: (a) preheating of a raw material, (b) preheating of heavy fuel oil, (c) preheating of combustion air, (d) preheating of combustion air and raw material with flue gas, and (e) preheating of air for combustion and for drying of a raw material. Option (e) was selected as the most attractive and therefore it was analyzed in more details, showing significant annual energy savings and relatively short simple payback period on the investment.
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Mohammadpour, Kamyar, Ali Chitsazan, and Eckehard Specht. "The CFD simulation of reactive flow in parallel flow regenerative shaft kilns using porous media model." Thermal Science 26, no. 2 Part A (2022): 1175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci210628281m.

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Understanding the flow pattern of the gas jets in packed beds can have considerable significance in improving reactor design and process optimization. This study researches the fuel diffusion in the radial direction and the flame length in a packed bed of a parallel flow regenerative shaft kiln. This kiln is characterized that the fuel is injected vertically in the packed bed using a lot of lances in the cross-section while the combustion air is distributed continuously. Such a large, packed bed has to be approximated as a porous media. This assumption is used to model the reactive flow in the kilns. Using a box with 700 spheres of 52 mm spheres in body-centered cube arrangement the local concentrations of injected nitrogen in air-flow were measured. The measured values match approximately with those calculated with the porous media model. The studied parameters are the number of burners and burner arrangements. The radial mixing of fuel and air in a packed bed is relatively bad. Therefore, a lot of burners are needed for better temperature homogenization in the cross-section
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Li, Peng, Baokuan Li, Zhongqiu Liu, and Wenjie Rong. "Evaluation and analysis of exergoeconomic performance for the calcination process of green petroleum coke in vertical shaft kiln." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2021): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci210609294l.

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The main objective of this paper is to establish a mathematical framework to analyze the complex thermal economic performance of the calcination process. To find the factors affecting exergy efficiency loss, different exergy destruction is investigated in detail. Furthermore, the exergy flow cost model for exergy cost saving has also been developed. The results show that the vertical shaft furnace is a self-sufficiency equipment without additional fuel required, but the overall exergy destruction accounts for 54.11% of the total exergy input. In addition, the energy efficiency of the waste heat recovery boiler and thermal deaerator are 83.52% and 96.40%, whereas the exergy efficiency of the two equipment are 65.98% and 94.27%. Furthermore, the import exergy flow cost of vertical shaft furnace, waste heat recovery boiler and thermal deaerator are 366.5197 RMB/MJ, 0.1426 RMB/MJ and 0.0020RMB/MJ, respectively. Based on the result, several suggestions were proposed to improve the exergoeconomic performance. Assessing the performance of suggested improvements, the total exergy destruction of vertical shaft furnace is reduced to 134.34 GJ/h and the exergy efficiency of waste heat recovery boiler is raised up to 66.02%. Moreover, the import exergy flow cost of the three different equipment is reduced to 0.0329 RMB/MJ, 0.1304 RMB/MJ and 0.0002 RMB/MJ, respectively.
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KAWAMURA, Mitsutaka, Takeshi OHTAKE, Kunio UCHIDA, Kunio KAMIYA, and Fumikazu IKAZAKI. "Development of Light-Weight Aggregate Production Process from Coal Ash with a Shaft Kiln (Part 2)." Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan 94, no. 1093 (1986): 998–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj1950.94.1093_998.

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KAWAMURA, Mitsutaka, Takeshi OHTAKE, Kunio UCHIDA, Kunio KAMIYA, and Fumikazu IKAZAKI. "Development of Light-Weight Aggregate Production Process from Coal Ash with a Shaft Kiln (Part 3)." Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan 94, no. 1094 (1986): 1068–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj1950.94.1094_1068.

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Runyoro, Joseph. "Case Studies: In-Situ Rebuilding of Damaged Rope Drum Shafts of SSG Crane and the Repair of Circumferential Crack of Cement Kiln by Welding." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 32, no. 2 (December 31, 2009): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v32i2.444.

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Material failures in engineering are characterized by unwanted downtime of equipment and require the application of sound engineering principles to rectify the problem so that it does not reoccur. The most widely method for repairing damaged steel structures such as rope drum shaft or cracked cement kiln is by Manual metal arc welding. The equipment mentioned have their main importance that, when they are broken down, they cost a lot of money in lost revenue and affects a lot of people in terms of business and livelihood. The nominal diameter (DN) 240 rope drum shaft was damaged when the roller bearing failed and abraded the shaftbearing journal in such a way that the diameter decreased. The solution was either to order the new shaft, or repair the existing shaft in workshops with lathe machines capable of accommodating it. Ordering the new one will have taken a long time to deliver. Installation process would have been costly taking into consideration the position of the hoist drum being at a height of over 40 meters above the ground, and no crane was available in the country with required capacity. The remaining and immediate solution was to repair the damaged bearing journal in-situ. The paper describes how the repair was carried out successfully, and has been in operation since 1995. Recently, another failure of the same nature occurred on another equipment in which the same assistance were sought. In 1994, the cement kiln was found to have a 270 mm length circumferential crack on a 65 mm thick plate which needed urgent repair so that the production of cement can proceed while waiting for replacement. The immediate repair was necessary to avoid the bending of the kiln which would have caused uneven rotation and poor sealing of refractory bricks. The crack was on the cantilever section of the kiln which, if the crack was allowed to grow, would have caused the section with cooler tubes to snap off. The paper explains how the repair was carried out allowing the plant to operate for two years before segmentreplacement.
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Duan, Shaopei, Baokuan Li, and Wenjie Rong. "Study on Gas-Solid Heat Transfer and Decomposition Reaction of Calcination Process in an Annular Shaft Kiln Based on the Finite Volume Method." Processes 10, no. 4 (March 26, 2022): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10040648.

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As an excellent reducing agent, lime has an important role in the steel production process. Annular Shaft Kiln (ASK) has been widely used in the lime production industry for its low cost, low footprint, high chemical activity, easy construction, and easy maintenance. Due to the high temperature generated inside ASK during operation, it is hard to observe the limestone decomposition process and the field distribution in the lime kiln. The simulation analysis of temperature field, velocity field and decomposition field in the limestone calcination process by CFD provides practical guidance for future lime product quality control, ASK design and operation parameters’ control. This study is based on an ASK that was put into production. Based on the finite volume method, this paper combines the porous medium model and the shrinking core model to establish a set of mathematical models that can describe the temperature and flow field distribution inside the ASK, as well as the limestone decomposition process and the heat and mass transfer process inside the ASK. According to the feedback from the production site, the mathematical model is in good agreement with the production results.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Shaft kiln process"

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Bes, Agnieszka. "Dynamic process simulation of limestone calcination in normal Shaft Kilns." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://diglib.uni-magdeburg.de/Dissertationen/2006/agnbes.htm.

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El-Fakharany, Magda Kotb Moursy [Verfasser], and Eckehard [Akademischer Betreuer] Specht. "Process simulation of lime calcination in mixed feed shaft kilns / Magda Kotb Moursy El-Fakharany. Betreuer: Eckehard Specht." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1047595664/34.

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El-Fakharany, Magda Kotb Moursy Verfasser], and Eckehard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Specht. "Process simulation of lime calcination in mixed feed shaft kilns / Magda Kotb Moursy El-Fakharany. Betreuer: Eckehard Specht." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:ma9:1-689.

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(9896135), BM Huang. "Computer model of the shaft kiln process at Queensland Magnesia (Operations) Pty. Ltd." Thesis, 1999. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Computer_model_of_the_shaft_kiln_process_at_Queensland_Magnesia_Operations_Pty_Ltd_/13459442.

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Bes, Agnieszka [Verfasser]. "Dynamic process simulation of limestone calcination in normal Shaft Kilns / von: Agnieszka Bes." 2006. http://d-nb.info/981987214/34.

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Book chapters on the topic "Shaft kiln process"

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Edwards, Les. "Quality and Process Perforamnce of Rotary Kilns and Shaft Calciners." In Light Metals 2011, 895–900. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48160-9_153.

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Edwards, Les. "Quality and Process Performance of Rotary Kilns and Shaft Calciners." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 24–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48200-2_4.

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Edwards, Les. "Quality and Process Performance of Rotary Kilns and Shaft Calciners." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 24–29. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118647745.ch4.

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Edwards, Les. "Quality and Process Performance of Rotary Kilns and Shaft Calciners." In Light Metals 2011, 895–900. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118061992.ch153.

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Lienhard, John H. "War and Other Ways to Kill People." In The Engines of Our Ingenuity. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135831.003.0012.

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We humans are a hardy lot. It eventually takes the cellular deterioration of old age to set most of us up for death, which then occurs by cancer, heart disease, pneumonia, or other illness. Death by natural causes is almost always the result of a protracted assault on our bodies. We are hard to kill. But now and then we undertake the technological problem of killing one another intentionally. That is seldom easy to do, and it has to play out against the universal human commandment “Thou shalt not kill.” So the problem is not only a difficult one technologically, it is also one that calls up all manner of creative tactics of self-justification. The motivation for killing takes many forms—the greater good of society as expressed in war and capital punishment, mercy killing, personal gain (often expressed in crime against another person), revenge, anger, or suicide. I expect we all have sanctioned killing by one or more of these means at one time or another, by either words or deeds. We have created little original technology for the purpose of killing one another. However, a great deal of our existing technology has been adapted to that purpose. Weapons for hunting have repeatedly been elaborated into weapons of crime or war. Lisa Meitner, whose 1939 paper described the energy release of nuclear fission, clearly thought she had identified the ultimate peacetime power source. Asked what use the Wrights’ new airplane would be, Orville Wright unhesitatingly shot back, “Sport!” While war was far from the Wright brothers’ minds in the process of invention, their first big commercial sale was to the United States Army. The peculiar relation between creativity and killing comes home to me in my reaction to an event in the late days of World War II, when the war finally came closest to my quiet home in Minnesota. Since Tokyo was more than six thousand miles away, the mutual slaughter of Japanese and the Allies had largely been carried out in the Pacific Ocean. Then in January 1945 we learned about Japan’s secret weapon. She was trying to ignite our mainland with incendiary bombs.
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Roberts, Patrick. "Tropical Bounties The Emergence of Tropical Forest Agricultures." In Tropical Forests in Prehistory, History, and Modernity. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818496.003.0009.

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The transition from the Terminal Pleistocene to the Holocene (c. 12–8 ka) witnessed increasingly intensive human manipulation of plant and animal resources that resulted in genetic and phenotypic changes in various species as part of what has been termed the ‘origins of agriculture’. This process has been cited as one of the most significant ecological occurrences in human evolutionary history (Bocquet-Appel, 2011; Larson et al., 2014), representing a shift in human interactions with the natural world with global environmental ramifications (Fuller et al., 2011a; Boivin et al., 2016). Martin Jones (2007) has also discussed the cultural and social changes resulting from the new spatial and practical proximity of domesticated plants and animals that made them effectively ‘family’ or ‘kin’. The tropics have, for a long time, been left out of discussions of this process, with poor preservation conditions considered unlikely to produce incipient crop or animal domesticate remains and some even arguing that the wet and acidic soils of tropical forests were too poor to support agriculture (Meggers, 1971, 1977, 1987; Grollemund et al., 2015). Nevertheless, emerging datasets from Melanesia, North and Central America, South America, and Africa are demonstrating that cultivation and, to a lesser extent, herding practices also emerged indigenously in these regions and, in some cases, perhaps as early as the traditional focus point of the ‘Fertile Crescent’ in the Near East. Moreover, these examples are having significant impacts on the way we conceptualize the emergence of ‘agriculture’ and the adaptive and social changes required (Denham et al., 2004, 2009; Barton and Denham, 2011). Here, I explore the distinctive nature of early agricultures in tropical forest environments. I also evaluate their predecessors in the form of human management including forest burning to stimulate faunal and floral growth and diversity, the deliberate movement of faunal species into tropical forest environments, and the emergence of arboriculture cultivation. In doing so, I document how the species and strategies involved in these processes differ globally with varying tropical forest formations, ranging from a focus on long-term forest interaction, drainage system construction, and tree-cropping in Melanesia (Denham et al., 2003; Denham, 2011) to diverse hunting, fishing, and cultivation strategies in theAmazon (Roosevelt, 2000; Meggers and Miller, 2002).
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Conference papers on the topic "Shaft kiln process"

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Do, Duc Hai, and Eckehard Specht. "Numerical Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer of Limestone Decomposition in Normal Shaft Kiln." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44578.

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A mathematical model of lime calcination process in normal shafts kiln has been developed to determine the heat and mass transfer between the gas and the solid. The model is one-dimensional and steady state. The transport of mass and energy of the gas and the solid is modeled by a system of ordinary differential equations. A shrinking core approach is employed for the mechanics and chemical reactions of the solid material. The model can be used to predict the temperature profiles of the particle bed, the gas phase along the length of kiln axis. The calcination behavior of the particle bed can be also investigated. The influences of operational parameters such as: energy input, the origin of feed limestone and the lime throughput on the kiln performance including pressure drop are considered. Additionally, the local heat loss through the kiln wall is studied. The results of this study are direct utility for optimization and design of large-scale technical shaft kilns.
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Cristea, Eugen-Dan, Luca Sarandrea, and Massimo Galbiati. "CFD Modeling for Optimizing the Fluid Dynamics Patterns of Refractory Lining Drying Process in a Vertical Lime Kiln." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21125.

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This paper presents a 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling of flow, combustion and heat transfer processes into an internal enclosure acting as a combustion chamber, confined by the newly patented air cooled “corner ring”, the lower shaft vertical side walls, the vault and the limestone packed bed, located in a vertical twin-shaft regenerative lime kiln. The numerical simulation is restricted only to the kiln first start-up preliminary phase, with the goal to optimize the thermo-fluid dynamics patterns established during the first heat-up of wet gunning refractory concrete lining of the air cooled “corner ring”, to avoid refractory damages. The present work is performed in the frame of the commercial general-purpose code ANSYS-CFX R14.5. The CFD model is run under transient flow conditions accomplished by the drying burners operated in single-stage “on-off” control mode, to fit at the best the heat-up curve by optimization of the fluid dynamics patterns, with the goal to prevent local hot spots on the refractory lining. The industrial data collected through the supervision system and the local provisional instrumentation on the vertical twin-shaft regenerative lime kiln, model RD15, commissioned in India on September last year, are used to set the test-case and to partially validate the numerical simulation results. This CFD numerical simulation represents an useful engineering tool, on behalf of refractory designer and commissioning engineer, for the prediction of the refractory lining behavior during the kiln first start-up.
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Sandaka, P. Ch Gourisankar, Ashok Kumar Nallathambi, and Eckehard Specht. "Finite Element Analysis of Reaction Front Tracking in Lime Calcination." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44572.

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Calcination process is carried out in shaft kilns or rotary kilns for producing the lime. In the present work, the decomposition rates of the limestone in shaft kiln are experimentally measured in laboratory scale equipment. Mathematical model has been developed by using Finite element technique to track the reaction front movement from the surface to the core. The results obtained from the experiments are compared and validated with that of the model. Influences of parameters such as ambient temperature and the particle size are studied. The variation of reaction zone thickness during the process of decomposition has been studied and analyzed. Temperature profiles inside the lime particle are calculated and the influence of the reaction front position on these temperature profiles has been analyzed.
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Esteves, Diogo, Cândida Vilarinho, Manuel Eduardo Ferreira, Joana Carvalho, Jorge Araújo, and José Teixeira. "Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Biomass Based Ceramic Plant." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88046.

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The manufacture of relatively low commercial value ceramic products for construction is an energy intensive industry. It is important to improve and optimize the energy equation of the plant operation while simultaneously introducing renewable primary energy sources for the heat supply. The present paper concerns the analysis of the energy usage in a brick plant. This unit operates continuously on a 3 shift schedule. The overall annual production of five types of bricks is over 62 kton and the main energy consumption unit is the furnace. For this unit, the thermal load is supplied mainly by biomass coupled with fuel oil (80%–20% split, respectively) which yield a maximum temperature of 950 °C. The process is controlled by adjusting the air mixing in the kiln. A secondary furnace provides the heat for a rotating dryer for biomass drying which is supplied to the main furnace. The fuel is a mixture of various sources and its characteristics were determined by means of an elemental analysis, ash content and the measurement of the heat value. Measurements of mass fluxes along with the operating temperature on critical elements of the plant and chemical composition of the flue gases were used to calculate the energy balances to the plant. Because of the diversity of the product mix the production was normalized using the mass/surface area ratio of the various types of bricks. From the results, the energy intensity is 44 kg of oil equivalent per ton. The exergy analysis of the plant shows that most of the energy degradation occurs in the kiln. The analysis also enabled to assess the influence of the replacing fossil fuel by biomass on the increase of exergy efficiency of the plant.
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Mwansa, Peter Levison, Sara Bakhti, Mohamed Ali Hassan, and Per Inge Remmen. "Switching to Cruise Control with Next Generation Well Design Software." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211826-ms.

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Abstract Today, engineers do their well planning and design in multiple applications, requiring them to move the inputs and outputs from one place to another manually. The well targets are identified by a different team in a service provider platform tool. The trajectory is then planned using either a different vendor software. The Statement of Requirements for the well is written in a Word document. Offset well analysis means gathering data and information from software, shared drives, spreadsheets, and the people who last drilled on that asset. The rest of the well planning is completed with another legacy software, in individual modules for each aspect of design that don't integrate. Much of this is outsourced to "well services suppliers" to either do the full design or validate the internal design. The final execution document (Drilling Program) is completed in word and is typically 50-80 pages long. This is inefficient, and also allows for potential mistakes. If anything changes, all of this has to be re-worked. For example, if the pore pressure and fracture gradient (PPFG) analysis changes, there is no way to alert or notify the engineer that they need to update other parts of the well design (e.g. cementing, etc.). This creates communications challenges internally and with our third party providers. It also leads to sub-optimal well design choices due to an inability to see the full picture. The objective of this work is to more effectively leverage our past experiences to automate well design basics and deliver consistent performance. A business case was made to conduct a proof of concept (PoC) to test the ability to automate the well design process. The PoC was successfully completed with the following results: Notable time savings (at least 60%) in design process when compared to current manual process using legacy softwareIntuitive workflow & circular workflow between modulesIntegrated blowout & kill simulationsDemonstrated Automated Well DesignCompatible to integrate with existing well delivery workflow Our next generation well design software has opened up possibilities that were previously thought to be unattainable – a paradigm shift in the way we run our business.
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