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Journal articles on the topic 'Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Den Uyl, Douglas J. "Shaftesbury and the Modern Problem of Virtue." Social Philosophy and Policy 15, no. 1 (1998): 275–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500003150.

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Anthony Ashley Cooper (1671–1713), the Third Earl of Shaftesbury, was the grandson of the First Earl of Shaftesbury (also Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1621–1683). The First Earl, along with John Locke, was a leader and founder of the Whig movement in Britain. Locke was the First Earl's secretary and also the tutor of the Third Earl. Both the First and Third Earls were members of parliament and supporters of Whig causes. Although both the First and Third Earls were involved in politics, the Third Earl is better known for intellectual pursuits. Indeed, the Third Earl (henceforth simply “Shaftesbury”) is second only to Locke in terms of influence during the eighteenth century. Yet if one takes into account effects upon literature, the arts, and manners, as well as upon philosophical trends and theories, Shaftesbury might be even more influential. Even if we restrict ourselves to philosophy, Shaftesbury's ideas were admired by thinkers as different as Leibniz and Montesquieu—something which could obviously not be said about Locke. Within ethics, Shaftesbury influenced Francis Hutcheson, David Hume, Samuel Butler, and Adam Smith and is credited with founding the “moral sense” school of thought.

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2

Principe, Lawrence M., and Peter R. Anstey. "John Locke and the Case of Anthony Ashley Cooper." Early Science and Medicine 16, no. 5 (2011): 379–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338211x594759.

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AbstractIn June 1668 Anthony Ashley Cooper, later to become the 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, underwent abdominal surgery to drain a large abscess above his liver. The case is extraordinary, not simply on account of the eminence of the patient and the danger of the procedure, but also because of the many celebrated figures involved. A trove of manuscripts relating to this famous operation survives amongst the Shaftesbury Papers in the National Archives at Kew. These include case notes in the hand of the philosopher John Locke and advice from leading physicians of the day including Francis Glisson, Sir George Ent and Thomas Sydenham. The majority of this material has never been published before. This article provides complete transcriptions and translations of all of these manuscripts, thus providing for the first time a comprehensive case history. It is prefaced with an extended introduction.

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3

Callow, John. "John Spurr,Anthony Ashley Cooper, First Earl of Shaftesbury, 1621–1683." Seventeenth Century 29, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0268117x.2014.908734.

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4

Cowan, Brian. "Reasonable Ecstasies: Shaftesbury and the Languages of Libertinism." Journal of British Studies 37, no. 2 (April 1998): 111–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386155.

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Anthony Ashley Cooper, the third earl of Shaftesbury (1671–1713), would have recoiled at any implication that he was a libertine. His antipathy to libertinism is obvious, and examples are plentiful in his writings. His major work, the Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (1711), consistently uses the words “libertine” and “rake” as insults; in all of his writings sensual pleasures are disparaged as base and animalistic threats to human virtue. And despite the third earl's widespread reputation as a freethinker in matters religious, he always insisted that liberty of thought did not imply a freedom from moral restraint.Certainly Shaftesbury's early reputation was more that of a shy and unsociable recluse rather than that of a rakish mondain. In 1721, John Toland thought it necessary to defend his late friend from accusations of unsociability, not of licentiousness. He claimed that Shaftesbury's enemies “gave out that he was too bookish, because not given to play, nor assiduous at court; that he was no good companion, because not a rake nor a hard drinker, and that he was no man of the world, because not selfish nor open to bribes.” Toland also remarked how Shaftesbury frowned upon the “extravagant liberties” taken by “both sexes” even without having lived “to see masquerades, or the ancient Bacchanals revived, nor to hear of promiscuous clubs.” Indeed, Lord Ashley's own private papers reveal that he was quite uncomfortable in the polite world of England's social elite; he much preferred the pastoral tranquillity of his Dorset estate and the relaxed company of his most trusted friends.

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5

Stuart-Buttle, Tim. "Shaftesbury Reconsidered." Locke Studies 15 (December 31, 2015): 163–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/ls.2015.693.

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Anthony Ashley Cooper, third earl of Shaftesbury, is a complex figure in the intellectual history of eighteenth-century Britain. He can easily appear as an anachronism, contemptuous or ignorant of the advances in learning underway in the age in which he lived. In the original index to the second edition of his Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times (1714), ‘Metaphysicks’ is followed by ‘necessary Knowledge of nothing knowable or known’. Under ‘Philosophers’ are the entries ‘See CLOWN’, and ‘Moral Philosophers of a modern sort, more ignorant and corrupt than the mere Vulgar’. One seeks an entry for ‘Newton, Isaac’ in vain; and whilst Bacon had the honour of being cited by Shaftesbury—once—it was only to establish that he had been fortunate to have ‘escap’d being call’d an ATHEIST’ by his contemporaries, an oversight Shaftesbury was eager to remedy. Rather than trouble himself with the productions of a modern age whose philosophy he considered to be ‘rotten’, Shaftesbury unabashedly proclaimed his preference for the Stoic moralists of classical antiquity. In his General Dictionary (1739), Thomas Birch noted that Shaftesbury ‘carried always with him’ the ‘moral works of Xenophon, Horace, the Commentaries and Enchridion of Epictetus as published by Arrian, and Marcus Antoninus’.

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6

Southcombe, George. "Anthony Ashley Cooper, First Earl of Shaftesbury 1621–1683 ed. by John Spurr." Scriblerian and the Kit-Cats 46, no. 2 (2014): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scb.2014.0018.

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7

TAPSELL, GRANT. "Anthony Ashley Cooper, First Earl of Shaftesbury 1621-1683 - Edited by John Spurr." History 97, no. 325 (January 2012): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-229x.2011.00543_27.x.

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8

Clarke, Bridget. "Thomas Stringer, Locke, Shaftesbury, and Edward Clarke." Locke Studies 8 (December 31, 2008): 171–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/ls.2008.1014.

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Two things changed Thomas Stringer’s career as an unremarkable lawyer and steward to a country gentleman; first, the ambition of his master, Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, who became Earl of Shaftesbury in 1672 and was one of the great statesmen of the age, and secondly that he became a close friend and correspondent of John Locke. As a result Stringer was at the centre of significant events, involved in Colonial Trade and Prince Rupert’s Great Gunnes, quarrelling with Locke over his portrait and having a life- long family friendship with Edward Clarke MP, whose children were the subject of Locke’s book Some Thoughts Concerning Education. This article, based on the Shaftesbury papers in the Hampshire Record Office and Clarke’s papers in the Somerset Record Office, will shed light on Stringer’s life and his acquisition of some political importance in the Exclusion crisis, as it is claimed that he drafted the Exclusion Bill; and also on some of Locke’s activities.

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9

Klein, Lawrence E. "Anthony Ashley Cooper, Third Earl of Shaftesbury, Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times Philip Ayres." Huntington Library Quarterly 64, no. 3/4 (January 2001): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3817927.

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10

Ayres, Philip. "Anthony Ashley Cooper, Third Earl of Shaftesbury Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times Lawrence Klein." Huntington Library Quarterly 64, no. 3/4 (January 2001): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3817928.

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11

Bullard, P. "ANTHONY ASHLEY COOPER, THIRD EARL OF SHAFTESBURY. Standard Edition: Complete Works, Correspondence, and Posthumous Writings, II,6: Askemata." Review of English Studies 64, no. 265 (January 15, 2013): 532–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgs131.

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12

DeLuna, D. N. "Shaftesbury, Locke, and Their Revolutionary Letter? [Corrigendum]." Locke Studies 18 (December 8, 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/ls.2018.6177.

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A correction of an article originally published in vol 17 (2017). In 1675, the anonymous Letter to a Person of Quality was condemned in the House of Lords and ordered to be burned by the public hangman. A propagandistic work that has long been attributed to Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, and less certainly to his secretary John Locke, it traduced hard-line Anglican legislation considered in Parliament that year—namely the Test Bill, proposing that office-holders and MPs swear off political militancy and indeed any efforts to reform the Church and State. Careful examination of the text of the Letter, and that of one of its sources in the Reasons against the Bill for the Test, also circulated in 1675, reveals the presence of highly seditious passages of covert historical allegory. Hitherto un-noted by modern scholars, this allegory compared King Charles II to the weak and intermittently mad Henry VI, while agitating for armed revolt against a government made prey to popish and French captors. The discovery compels modification, through chronological revision and also re-assessment of the probability of Locke’s authorship of the Letter, of Richard Ashcraft’s picture of Shaftesbury and Locke as first-time revolutionaries for the cause of religious tolerance in the early 1680s. Even more significantly, it lends support to Ashcraft’s view of the nature and intent of duplicitous published writings from the Shaftesbury circle, whose members included Robert Ferguson, ‘the Plotter’ and pamphleteer at home in the world of skilled biblical hermeneutics. Cultivated for stealthy revolutionary purposes, these writings came with designs of engaging discrete reading networks within England’s culture of Protestant dissent.

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13

Müllenbrock, Heinz-Joachim. "Anthony Ashley Cooper, Third Earl of Shaftesbury. Standard Edition: Complete Works, Selected Letters and Posthumous Writings (review)." Scriblerian and the Kit-Cats 45, no. 1 (2012): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scb.2012.0053.

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14

Morrill, John. "Anthony Ashley Cooper, First Earl of Shaftesbury 1621–1683 John Spurr, ed. Farnham: Ashgate, 2011. xii+298 pp. $114 (hardback)." Britain and the World 6, no. 1 (March 2013): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2013.0083.

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15

McLaughlin, Leanna. "Anthony Ashley Cooper, First Earl of Shaftesbury 1621–1683. Edited by John Spurr. (Surrey, England: Ashgate Publishing, 2011. Pp. v, 298. $119.95.)." Historian 75, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 634–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hisn.12016_65.

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16

Hackmann, Wm Kent. "Rex A. Barrell. Anthony Ashley Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury (1671-1713) and “Le Réfuge Français”—Correspondence. (Studies in British History. Volume 15.) Lewiston, N.Y.: The Edwin Mellen Press. 1989. Pp. vii, 276. $59.95." Albion 22, no. 4 (1990): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4051409.

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17

Lee, Anthony W. "Standard Edition: II: Works: Moral and Political Philosophy, 6: Askêmata by Anthony Ashley Cooper." Scriblerian and the Kit-Cats 46, no. 2 (2014): 184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scb.2014.0027.

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18

Stratmann, Gerd. "Anthony Ashley Cooper, Third Earl of Shaftesbury: Complete Works, Selected Letters and Posthumous Writings / Sämtliche Werke, ausgewählte Briefe und nachgelassene Schriften. In englischer Sprache mit deutscher Übersetzung. Standard Edition. Hrsg., übers. und komm. von Wolfram Benda, Gerd Hemmerich, Wolfgang Lottes und Erwin Wolff. Stuttgart: Frommann-Holzboog, 198lff.; Band 1,2, Aesthetics / Ästhetik: Characteristicks. Vol. III [ = Miscellaneous Reflections on the preceding Treatises, and other Critical Subjects und A Notion of the Tablature, or Judgment of Hercules], hrsg. von Wolfram Benda, übers. von Wolfgang Lottes. 1989. 8°. 406 S." Poetica 23, no. 1-2 (August 14, 1991): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25890530-0230102011.

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19

Molnar, Aleksandar. "The light of freedom in the age of enlightenment - part 1: The Netherlands." Filozofija i drustvo 22, no. 1 (2011): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1101143m.

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The central topic of the article is the importance of the freedom for the Age of Enlightenment, as well as ties connecting philosophy of Enlightenment and political liberalism. Furthermore, the author?s central thesis is that the light that began to enlightened the reason in the Age of Enlightenment had nothing to do with God or nature, but solely with human freedom. As Anthony Ashley Cooper, third Earl of Shaftsbury, noted in one of his letters, freedom shed the light on two countries at first: the Netherlands and England. The author is also disputing the thesis developed by Jonathan Irving Israel in his recent books Radical Enlightenment and Enlightenment Contested that the movement of radical Enlightenment in 18. century was almost exclusevly inspired by the political and religious philosophy of the Dutch Baruch de Spinoza. Although Spinoza?s contribution to the radical Enlightenment is clear and evident, he could be also perceived as a thinker who inspired some currents of moderate Enlightenment and counter-Enlightenment as well.

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20

Grzeliński, Adam. "Anthony Ashley Cooper Shaftesbury: Trzy ćwiczenia stoickie." Folia Philosophica, May 25, 2021, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/fp.10424.

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Trzy ćwiczenia stoickie to dokonany przez Adama Grzelińskiego pierwszy polski przekład trzech fragmentów z notatników Anthony’ego Ashleya Coopera Shaftesbury’ego: Charakter i postępowanie ze sobą, Skupienie i rozluźnienie oraz Czynienie postępów, wchodzących w skład zbioru zatytułowanego Askêmata. Teksty te przekonują, że treść owych notatników nie tylko dopełnia treść opublikowanego przez filozofia zbioru Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times, ale przede wszystkim ma charakter ćwiczeń moralnych, w których w formie solilokwium Shaftesbury komentuje dzieła stoików: Epikteta i Marka Aureliusza.

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21

Nascimento, Luís F. S. "Razão e zombaria em Shaftesbury." DoisPontos 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/dp.v1i2.1936.

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Sensus Communis: An Essay on the Freedom of Wit and Humour é o segundo de um conjunto de seis tratados que Anthony Ashley Cooper publicou em 1711 com o nome de Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times. O presente artigo busca analisar a estreita relação que os conceitos de razão e zombaria assumem nesta obra e a sua importância para a elaboração da noção shaftesburiana de senso comum. Reason and raillery in Shaftesbury Abstract Sensus Communis: An Essay on the Freedom of Wit and Humour is the second of a collection of six treatises which Anthony Ashley Cooper (the third Earl of Shaftesbury, 1671-1713) published in 1711 under the title of Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times. This paper aims to analyze the close relation that the concepts of reason and raillery assume in the referred work and its importance to the elaboration of Shaftesburian notion of common sense.

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22

Douglass, Robin. "Bernard Mandeville on the Use and Abuse of Hypocrisy." Political Studies, December 16, 2020, 003232172097261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321720972617.

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In The Fable of the Bees, Bernard Mandeville declared that ‘it is impossible we could be sociable Creatures without Hypocrisy’. Mandeville set out his ideas of sociability against Anthony Ashley Cooper, Third Earl of Shaftesbury, whose notions of virtue he dismissed as ‘a vast Inlet to Hypocrisy’. The main goal of this article is to reconstruct Mandeville’s account of hypocrisy, first by explaining why he accords it such a prominent role in understanding our moral and social norms, and, second, by piecing together his criticisms of Shaftesbury’s rival ethical theory. In doing so, the article outlines a more general Mandevillean framework for assessing when hypocrisy is likely to prove either socially beneficial or pernicious, while also examining what is at stake in choosing to expose rather than tolerate other people’s hypocrisy.

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23

Joly, Bernard. "Compte rendu de : Claire Crignon-De Oliveira, De la mélancolie à l’enthousiasme. Robert Burton (1577-1640) et Anthony Ashley Cooper, comte de Shaftesbury (1671-1713, Paris, Honoré Champion, 2006. 604 pages." Méthodos, no. 10 (March 19, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/methodos.2362.

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