Journal articles on the topic 'Shah Husain'

Dr. Yunus Jaffery, distinguished Persian scholar and teacher and a living legend of old Delhi, died on Monday, August 29 at the age of 86 after a short stay at Apollo Hospital, Delhi, surrounded by his nephew Faridun, his niece Simin and other family members. An authority on Delhi and Indo–Persian literature and author of influential text editions of Persian historians and poets who wrote during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (1628–58), Dr. Jaffery taught Persian at the Anglo-Arabic School of Zakir Husain College (previously Delhi College) until his retirement in 1995. His room, his hujra in the historical building of the madrasa of Ghaziuddin in which the Anglo-Arabic School is situated outside Ajmeri Gate became a place of pilgrimage for an international community of scholars, writers, students, and journalists who sought to study classical Persian, acquire knowledge on the history and culture of old Delhi and the Mughals, sought a rare publication in his library, or who just wanted to meet the famous Dr. Jaffery, who had been the guide of William Dalrymple to his “City of Djinns.”

Abstract Ahmad Shah Abdali-Durrani’s court chronicle, Taʾrīkh-i Aḥmad Shāhī, written by Mahmud bin Ibrahim al-Husaini and completed soon after Ahmad Shah’s death in 1772, provides an eighteenth-century perspective on the criterion for kingship and sovereignty. Unsurprisingly, the only person who fulfills these requirements, according to the historian, is Ahmad Shah. While this is standard practice in most Persianate and Islamic histories about a king, the text deviates from a number of other literary conventions. The historian deemphasizes Ahmad Shah’s genealogy and connection to Sufi saints; instead, he focuses on Ahmad Shah’s inner piety and morality by attributing to him the concept of ilhām (direct revelation from God)—an attribute more generally characteristic of prophets and saints, not kings. The double move of deemphasizing lineage and Sufi connection while privileging personal, God-bestowed attributes is sharpened through comparison: Mughal governors and emperors are depicted by the author as descendants of noble, dynastic genealogies, but govern incompetently because they do not have the clarity of vision and fate of victory on their side, as God has not bestowed them with ilhām.

Abstract This essay closely examines three early Mughal portraits—the Portrait of Shah Abuʾl-Maʿali, Portrait of Mir Musavvir, and an alleged self-portrait of Mir Sayyid ʿAli—as well as a seal impression from an early sixteenth-century copy of Jamal al-Din Husayni Shirazi’s Rawżat al-Aḥbāb. The resulting scenario challenges certain scholarly assumptions that are based on a blind acceptance of the narrative contained in official Mughal sources. The analysis serves to substantiate and articulate evidence on the role of Central Asian elites (more specifically, religious elites) in the early Mughal period. It also contributes to the socio-historical contextualization of Mughal paintings on the basis of the inscriptions contained in them and stimulates further discussion on the origins of Mughal portraiture.

Among the hallmarks of Deccani art are portraits of Ibrahim ʿAdil Shah II (r. 1580-1627), the region’s so-called greatest patron of the arts and author of its iconic book of songs (Kitāb-i Nawras). In order to move beyond the narrative of Ibrahim as an isolated Deccani “genius” patron, this article explores the ruler and his court in light of Indo-Persian processes of taste, intellectualism, and migration. Bijapur is first positioned as a critical stop in cultural peregrination between Safavid Iran and Mughal India, and Ibrahim is explored as a collector of coveted books, a hitherto uncharted aspect of his identity that confirms his participation, via the mediation of Iranian elites, in widespread patterns of Perso-Islamic sovereignty. Attention subsequently focuses on the itinerant painter Farrukh Husayn, whose most compelling works reconcile Bijapuri and Persianate paradigms while stimulating new questions about artistic agency, peripatetic experience, and knowledge transmission between Iran and the subcontinent.

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global outbreak caused by novel SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Study aims to evaluate knowledge and practices of healthcare workers (HCW) regarding infection prevention and control of corona virus disease Material and methods: A cross sectional validation study was conducted. Study was conducted at department of Medicine, Pakistan Ordinance Factory Hospital, Wah Cantt. Study duration was 2 months (May 2020-June2020)A sample size of 217 HCW was calculated using WHO calculator. HCW were selected through non probability sampling (consecutive). Ethical permission was taken and research consent was signed by each participant. SPSS version 24 was used for analysis purpose. Post stratification fissure exact and chi-square test was applied. We found p value ≤0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Total 217 HCW were included in our study. Out of them, 85 (39.2%) were male and 132 (60.8%) were female in our study. Mean age of HCW was 34.5±2.4SD. In knowledge assessment majority of HCW had fair knowledge (46.5%), followed by good (30%) and poor knowledge (23.5%) regarding corona virus associated infection control and prevention. In practice assessment, among all those, 38.2% HCW showed better practices while 61.8% showed poor practices. Knowledge is significantly associated with virus transmission mode (p = 0.00), close contact (p = 0.000), protection from COVID-19 in triage area (p = 0.000), wearing PPE (p = 0.000) etc. Conclusion: Corona virus disease is a major challenge in resource limited countries. Healthcare workers showed relatively improved knowledge and practices regarding infection prevention and control in this COVID-19 Pandemic. Key words: Corona virus disease, Healthcare workers, Infection Prevention and Control, Knowledge, Practices Citation: Yasmin R, Hussain H, Abidi STF, Shah SAA, Kazmi TH, Hussain H. Knowledge and practice of infection prevention and control among healthcare workers: a COVID-19 pandemic experience. Anaesth pain intensive care 2020;24 (6):597-602 Received: 8 November 2020, Reviewed: 17 November 2020, Accepted: 19 November 2020

The process of international and internal migration involving Pakistan is not a new phenomena as observed in many third world countries. Helbock (1975) studied life-time migrants in the 12 largest cities of Pakistan in 1961. He found that on average, about 15 percent of the residents of these cities had come originally from other districts, the highest rates in these cities showed 30 percent life-time migrants, while the lowest showed 5 percent indicating a wide variation in city growth rate. Irfan (1979) pointed out that internal migration is becoming increasingly long distance and rural urban in orientation in Pakistan. Many other scholars have made valuable contributions to the literature on migration. Details of such studies are found elsewhere [Farooqui and Rukanuddin (1987); Hussain, Afzal and Syed (1965); Ahmad and Abbasi (1981); Shah (1986); Naveed-i-Rahat (1981); Usami (1978); Selier and Nientied (1986); Van Pinxteren (1974)]. Most of the studies (cited above) on internal migration in Pakistan based on census data concentrated on volume and direction and some studies based on sample surveys devoted to patterns and causes of mobility in the country. Although all of these studies provide useful estimates, none of them gives a broad analysis of provincial level figures by age and sex characteristics of the migrants during the intercensal period, which could be used by the planners, policy-makers and administrators.

As one of the barns in the Islamic scholars throughout Indonesian archipelago, many Minangkabau scientists in the field of hadith had born figures spelled out with no exception. Trend of works by scholars of Minang in the field of hadith had also shown its own special evidences. Not only the work of translation and Sharh were generated, but also the original works in the field of hadith even drafted in Arabic. The main purpose of this article is to introduce a number of works on hadith and the science of hadith generated by the egg heads of Minangkabau, typically in the 20th century. As for example, Professor Mahmud Yunus, Engku Mudo Zainuddin Hamidy, Ustaz Fachruddin Husain Datuk Majo Indo, Professor Zainal Abidin Ahmad, Buya Mawardi and Ustaz Muhammad Oemar Bakry Besar Datuk Tan. This study inspired cutting-edge scholars, even if they were graduates of local Surau and Madrasah, glorious hadith’s books of high-value compilation were published similar to the context of riwayah-dirayah hadith, fiqh al-hadith or mushthalah hadith. The works were worthy triggers the spirit and inspiration of Muslim intellectuals today for innovation and transformation. In addition, the recent Muslim intellectual were exposed to a lot of formal higher education and academic degree holders, to be more productive in the delivering of similar treasury with the supports of sophisticated modern technology. Above all, the triggers should have been for the sake of preserving the writings of hadith in this beloved country

AbstractForeign Direct Investment (FDI) in recent years has created a positive impact for ASEAN countries. FDI give spillover effects that directly contribute capital improvements, technological developments, and global market access, also skills and managerial transfers. In order to attract FDI inflow into country, ASEAN member countries need to know what factors which attract investment related to the needs of infrastructure types and other factors. The purpose of this study is examine the determinant of FDI in ASEAN countries. This research method used is panel data regression period 2005-2015 from 10 countries in ASEAN. The results showed simultaneously and partially telecommunication infrastructure, market size, trade openness, and labor force variable have significant relationship with FDI inflows in ASEAN countries.Keywords: panel data regression, telecommunication infrastructure, market size, trade openness, labor force, FDI.ReferencesAppleyard, DR. Field, JF. and Cobb, SL. 2008. International Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill.Azam, Muhammad. 2010. “Economic Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Armenia, Kyrgyz Republic and Turkmenistan: Theory and Evidence”, Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics. 3 (6), 27-40.Botric, Valerija. 2006. “Main Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in the Southeast European Countries”, Transition Studies Review. Vol. 13(2): 359–377.Calderon, C., and Serven, L., 2010. “Infrastructure and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa”, Journal of African Economies. Vol.19(4): 13-87.Carbaugh, Robert J. 2008. International Economics. Edisi Kedelapan. South Western: Thomson Learning.Chakrabarti, A. 2001. “The Determinant of Foreign Direct Investment: Sensivity Analysses of Cross-Country Regression”, International Symposium on Sustainable Development. Vol 54 (1):89-114.Demirhan, E., & Masca, M. 2008. Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment Flows. Prague Economic Papers.Dutt, Pushan, et all. 2007. “International trade and unemployment: Theory and cross-national evidence”, Journal of International Economics. Volume 78(1): 32-44.Gharaibeh, A. M. 2015. “The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment-Empirical Evidence from Bahrain”, International Journal of Business and Social Science. Vol. 6(8): 94-106.Grigg, N. 2000. Infrastructure System Management & Optimazation. Working Paper of Internasional Civil Engineering Departement Diponegoro University.Hirsch, Caitlin E. 1976. Macroeconomics, Politics and Policy: The Determinants of Capital Flows to Latin America. Texas Tech University.Hymer, Stephen Herbert. 1976. The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA), MIT Department of Economics PhD thesis originally presented 1960.Kaliappan, Shivee Ranjanee et all. 2013. “Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU) Countries”, International Journal of Economics and Management. Vol 7(1): 136 – 149.Kurniati, Y., A. et al. 2007. Determinan FDI (Faktor-faktor yang Menentukan Investasi Asing Langsung). Jakarta: Bank Indonesia.Mughal, M.M., & Akram, M. 2011. “Does Market Size Affect FDI? The Case of Pakistan”, Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business. Vol. 2(9): 237-247.Nasir, S. 2016. “FDI in India’s Retail Sector: Opportunities and Challenges”, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research. Vol: 23(3): 155-125.Novianti, Tanti et all. 2014. “The Infrastructure’s Influence on the Asean Countries’ Economic Growth”, Journal of Economics and Development Studies. Vol. 2(4):243-254.Rehman, C. A., Ilyas, M., Alam, H. M., & Akram. M., (2011). “The impact of Infrastructure on Foreign Direct Investment: The case of Pakistan”, International Journal of Business and Management. Vol.6(5): 184-197.Salvatore, D. 2007. International Economics. United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Sarna, Ritash. 2005. The impact of core labour standards on Foreign Direct Investment in East Asia. Working Paper of the Japan Institute No. 1789.Shah, Mumtaz Hussain. 2014. The Significance of Infrastructure for Fdi Inflow in Developing Countries. Journal of Life Economics. Vol. 3(5):1-16.Shah, Mumtaz Hussain., and Khan, Yahya. 2016. Trade Liberalisation and FDI Inflow in Emerging Economies. Business & Economic Review. Vol 2(1): 35-52.Todaro, Michael P. and Smith, Stephen C. 2011. Economic Development. Ninth Edition. United States: Addison Wesley.Umoru, D. & Yaqub, J.O. 2013. “Labour productivity and Human capital in Nigeria: The empirical evidence”, International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol. 3(4). 199-221.Vernon, R. (1966). “The product cycle hypothesis in a new international environment”, Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics. Vol 41(4), 255-267.World Bank. 2015. World Development Indicator 2015.Zeb, Nayyra et all. 2015. “Telecommunication Infrastructure and Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan: An Empirical Study”, Global Journal of Management and Business Research. Vol. 14(4): 117-128.

The opponents of the Great Imam Abu Haneefa are of the view that he, while resolving any new mas’ala or issue, prefers logical considerations as compared to Quran and Hadith. On this a great amount of proofs have been produced by the Hanfi scholars that it is not the case. Imam Abu Haneefa never attempted to violate any rule of “Usoolal.Fiqh” while deducing any new verdict. He has clearly said that when a clear cut and thoroughly proved correct Hadith is found by him, he decides by that, but when there is no such thing available he uses his common sense to solve the problem for the relief of the people. He asserts that Religion, “Deen” is to facilitate the public and not to put them in trouble. In this reference, he has clarified the situation by saying that “when I find Quranic proof I pick that, but when I don’t find that I choose (to study) the Hadith of the Prophet (PBUH), the traditions of His followers which are fully authentic. When I do not find the same (issue) in Quran and Hadith as well, I adopt the sayings of the companions of the Prophet (PBUH). However, whichever of the sayings of the companions is liked by me I take the same and leave the others. I do not adopt sayings of any other one. When “AbrahimSh’abi”, Hussain Abn Sireen and Saeed Bin Al-Museeb did so, it becomes also my right to do “Ijtihad”. He claims that it is not deciding by Ray or like dislike but it is “Ijtihad”. Bieng a great God Fearing person no one can claim that he might have taken any decision or given verdict for other consideration. Shah Waliullah, a great “Religious scholar” of the Sub-Continent says “Fiqh Hanfi is the most righteous sect that is following the “al’Sunat-Al Sahiha”. This and so many other facts and figures have been discussed in the article before hand which is an interesting topic opening a gate way for further research in future.

Trevor Wilson (ed.); Myanmar’s long road to national reconciliation (Jean A. Berley) Jennifer Lindsay (ed.); Between tongues; Translation and/of/in performance in Asia (Michael Bodden) Volker Grabowsky; Bevölkerung und Staat in Lan Na; Ein Beitrag zur Bevölkerungsgeschichte Südostasiens Peter Boomgaard) Odille Gannier, Cécile Picquoin (eds); Journal de bord d’Etienne Marchand; Le voyage du Solide autour du monde (1790-1792 (H.J.M. Claessen) Arjan van Helmond, Stani Michiels (eds); Jakarta megalopolis; Horizontal and vertical observations (Ben Derudder) Bert Scova Righini; Een leven in twee vaderlanden; Een biografie van Beb Vuijk (Liesbeth Dolk) Gerrit R. Knaap, J.R. van Diessen, W. Leijnse, M.P.B. Ziellemans; Grote Atlas van de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie/ Comprehensive Atlas of the Dutch United East India Company; Volume II: Java en Madoera/Java and Madura (Amrit Gomperts) Nordin Hussin; Trade and society in the Straits of Melaka; Dutch Melaka and English Penang, 1780-1830 (Hans Hägerdal) Wilco van den Heuvel; Biak; Description of an Austronesian language of Papua (Volker Heeschen) Ann L. Appleton; Acts of integration, expressions of faith; Madness, death and ritual in Melanau ontology (Menno Hekker) Amity A. Doolittle; Property and politics in Sabah, Malaysia; Native struggles over land rights (Monica Janowski) Rajeswary Ampalavanar Brown; The rise of the corporate economy in Southeast Asia (J. Thomas Lindblad) Dwi Noverini Djenar; Semantic, pragmatic and discourse perspectives of preposition use; A study of Indonesian locatives (Don van Minde) Sherri Brainard, Dietlinde Behrens, A grammar of Yakan (Chandra Nuraini) Dietlinde Behrens; Yakan-English dictionary (Chandra Nuraini) Pierre Lemonnier; Le sabbat des lucioles; Sorcellerie, chamanisme et imaginaire cannibale en Nouvelle-Guinée (Anton Ploeg) Edgar Aleo and others; A voice from many rivers; Central Subanen oral and written literature. Translated and annotated by Felicia Brichoux (Nicole Revel) Joos van Vugt, José Eijt, Marjet Derks (eds); Tempo doeloe, tempo sekarang; Het proces van Indonesianisering in Nederlandse orden en congregaties (Karel Steenbrink) Nancy Eberhardt; Imagining the course of life; Self-transformation in a Shan Buddhist community (Nicholas Tapp) J.C. Smelik, C.M. Hogenstijn, W.J.M. Janssen; A.J. Duymaer van Twist; Gouverneur-Generaal van Nederlands-Indiё (1851-1856) (Gerard Termorshuizen) David Steinberg; Turmoil in Burma; Contested legitimacies in Myanmar (Sean Turnell) Carl A. Trocki; Singapore; Wealth, power and the culture of control (Bryan S. Turner) Matthew Isaac Cohen; The Komedie Stamboel; Popular theatre in colonial Indonesia, 1891-1903 (Holger Warnk) Jörgen Hellman; Ritual fasting on West Java (Robert Wessing) Waruno Mahdi; Malay words and Malay things; Lexical souvenirs from an exotic archipelago in German publications before 1700 (Edwin Wieringa) RECENT PUBLICATIONS Russell Jones, C.D. Grijns, J.W. de Vries, M. Siegers (eds); Loan-words in Indonesian and Malay VERHANDELINGEN 249 Peter Carey: The power of prophecy. Prince Dipanagara and the end of an old order in Java, 1785-1855

Background and Objectives: Internal displacement causes mental health problems and effect education of school going children. This study intended to find the relationship between mental health problems and education of children displaced during violence in Swat Pakistan. Methods: This is quantitative co-relational study conducted in Swat, Pakistan during October 2017 to June 2018. The population of the study constitutes all the students of 25 high schools destroyed during violence. Child PTSD symptom scale, Siddiqui-Shah Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to collect data from the sample (712) students. Results: High level of PTSD, depression and anxiety were found in female students and those who were not attending schools during displacement. PTSD and depression have negatively affected academic achievements of female students and those students who were out of schools irrespective of their gender. Conclusion: The study concludes that internal displacement causes mental health problems in children which can be minimize through education to a great extent. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.1847 How to cite this:Ahmad N, Hussain S, Shaheen N. Internal Displacement: Relationship of mental health and education of children in Swat, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.1847 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

O tórus mandibular é considerado uma protuberância óssea (exostose) de etiologia desconhecida classificada como não-patológica, comumente vista em região lingual dos incisivos até pré-molares inferiores. Sua característica histopatológica é semelhante ao osso normal descrevendo-se osso cortical lamelar com a presença de canais de Havers, osteócitos normais e áreas dispersas de tecido conjuntivo. Normalmente se apresentam bilateralmente e indolores. Sem causar prejuízo na vida da pessoa que apresenta esta condição, devido estes aspectos, na maioria dos casos, não há intervenção cirúrgica, sendo o caso apenas acompanhado clinicamente. Neste caso apresentado, o objetivo é expor uma condição extrema desta exostose mandibular, tendo como finalidade a melhora na qualidade de vida do paciente.Descritores: Cirurgia Bucal; Exostose; Qualidade de Vida.ReferênciasKumar Singh A, Sulugodu Ramachandra S, Arora S, Dicksit DD, Kalyan CG, Singh P. Prevalence of oral tori and exostosis in Malaysian population - A cross-sectional study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2017;7(3):158-60.Hiremath VK, Husein A, Mishra N. Prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis among Malay population. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2011;1(2):60-4.Sathya K, Kanneppady SK, Arishiya T. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of oral tori among outpatients in Northern Malaysia. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2012;2(1):15-19.Jainkittivong A, Apinhasmit W, Swasdison S. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of oral tori in 1,520 Chulalongkorn University Dental School patients. Surg Radiol Anat. 2007;29(2):125-31.Kim YS. Pathogenetic growth potential in the central area of oral exostosis. Korean J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2013;37(5):201-10.Morrison MD, Tamimi F. Oral tori are associated with local mechanical and systemic factors: A case-control study. J Oral. Maxillofac Surg. 2013;71(1):14-22.García-García AS, Martínez-González JM, Gómez-Font R, Soto-Rivadeneira A, Oviedo-Roldán L. Current status of the torus palatinus and torus mandibularis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010;15(2):e353-60.Ladizinski B, Lee KC. A nodular protuberance on the hard palate. JAMA. 2014;311(15):1558-59.Khan S, Shah SAH, Ali F, Rasheed D. Concurrence of torus palatinus, torus mandibularis and buccal exostosis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2016;26(11):111-13.Kün-Darbois JD, Guillaume B, Chappard D. Asymmetric bone remodeling in mandibular and maxillary tori. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21(9):2781-88.Riley DS, Barber MS, Kienle GS, Aronson JK, von Schoen-Angerer T, Tugwell P et al. CARE guidelines for case reports: explanation and elaboration document. J Clin Epidemiol. 2017;89:218-35.Kucukkurt S, Özle M, Baris E. Peripheral osteoma in an unusual location on the mandible. BMJ Case Rep. 2016;2016. pii: bcr2016216554.

Abstract: Taraxasterol acetate, 1-dotriacontanol, taraxasterol, stigmasterol, 2-(prop-1-ynyl)-5-(5,6-dihyroxyhexa-1,3-diynyl)thiophene), stigmasterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were isolated from the leaves of Pluchea indica and determined with NMR techniques. Taraxasterol acetate, taraxasterol, and stigmasterol could be isolated in high yields from Pluchea indica growing in Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam. Keywords: Pluchea indica, phytosterol, triterpenoid, taraxasterol, stigmasterol. References: [1] Đỗ Tất Lợi, Những cây thuốc và vị thuốc Việt Nam, NXB Hồng Đức, Thanh Hóa. (2014) 562 & 604. [2] H. Hussain, A. Al-Harrasi, G. Abba, N.U. Rheman, F. Mabood, I. Ahmed, M. Saleem, T. Van Ree, I.R. Green, S. Anwar, A. Badshah, A. Shah, I. Ali. The genus Pluchea: Phytochemistry, Traditional uses, and Biological activities. Chemistry & Biodiversity. 10(2011), 1944-1969.[3] Đoàn Thanh Tường, Phạm Hoàng Ngọc, Đỗ Đình Rãng. Nghiên cứu về một số cấu tử chính của tinh dầu Cúc tần. Thông báo khoa học Trường Đại học Sư phạm - Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội. 4 (199) (2015), 45-50.[4] Vũ Việt Nam, Trần Ngọc Ninh, Mc Leod J., Nguyễn Xuân Dũng. Kết quả nghiên cứu một số cây thuộc họ Cúc. Tạp chí Dược liệu. 4 (2) (1999), 44-47. [5] Phan Minh Giang, Đỗ Thị Việt Hương, Nguyễn Ngọc Diệp, Nguyễn Mạnh Quyết. Một số hợp chất terpenoid và acid phenolic từ cây mẫn tưới. Tạp chí Dược liệu. 23 (4) (2018), 195-199.[6] L.M. Khalilov, A. Z. Khalilova A, E. R. Shakurova, I.F. Nuriev, A. S. Kachala, A.S. Shashkov, U.M. Dzhemilev. PMR and 13C NMR spectra of biologically active compunds. XII. Taraxasterol and its acetate from the aerial part of Onopordum acanthium. Chemistry of Natural Compounds. 39 (3) (2003), 285-288.[7] L.J. Goad, T. Akihisha. Analysis of Sterols, Chapman & Hall, London (1997).[8] Phan Minh Giang, Văn Thị Thanh Huyền, Đỗ Thị Việt Hương. Thành phần sterol, glycerol ester và thiophen trong cành cây cúc tần (Pluchea indica L.) của Việt Nam. Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội. 34 (2) (2018), 78-82. [9] B. Sing, S.N. Ram, V.B. Pandey, V. K. Joshi, S. S. Gambhir. Studies on antiinflammatory activity of taraxasterol acetate from Echinops echinatus in rats and mice. Phytotherapy Research, 5 (3) (1991), 103-106.[10] Z. Krajcovicova, A. Vachálková, K. Horváthová. Taraxasterol and -sitosterol: New naturally compounds with chemoprotective/ chemopreventive effects. Neoplasma. 51 (2004), 407-414.[11] J. Wang, M. Huang, J. Yang, X. Ma, S. Zheng, S. Deng, Y. Huang, X. Yang, P. Zhao. Anti-diabetic activity of stigmasterol from soybean oil by targeting the GLUT4 glucose transporter. Food & Nutrition Research, 61(1)(2017), 1364117.

Background: HER2-positive breast cancer is a breast cancer that tests positive with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER2) promotes the proliferation of breast cancers cells. This research aimed to find the bioactive compounds from Allium sativum for inhibiting HER2 enzyme by using molecular docking method. Materials and method: The protein tyrosin kinase HER2 structure was obtained from Protein Data Bank. Compounds were collected from previous publications of Allium sativum and these structures were retrieved from PubChem database. Molecular docking was done by Autodock vina software. Lipinski’s rule of 5 is used to compare compounds with drug-like and non-drug-like properties. Pharmacokinetic parameters of potential compounds were evaluated using the pkCSM tool. Results: Based on previous publication of Allium sativum, we have collected 55 compounds. The results showed that 2 compounds have HER2 inhibitory activity stronger than the reference compounds including biochanin A và cyanidin 3-malonylglucoside. The Lipinski’s rule of Five showed that these two compounds had propietary drug-likenesss. Moreover, predict ADMET of these compounds was also analyzed. Conclusion: Therefore, biochanin A and cyanidin 3-malonylglucoside may be potential natural product compounds for HER2-positive breast cancer treatment. Keywords: Allium sativum, tyrosin kinase HER2, breast cancer HER2 positive, in silico, molecular docking. References [1] S. Libson, M. Lippman. A review of clinical aspects of breast cancer. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England) 26(1) (2014) 4.[2] D.J. Slamon, G.M. Clark, S.G. Wong, W.J. Levin, A. Ullrich, W.L. McGuire. Human breast cancer: correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene. Science 235(4785) (1987) 177.[3] U. Krishnamurti, J.F. Silverman. 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