Journal articles: 'Shan States'

1

Oates, Eugene W. "On some Birds collected on Byingyi Mountain, Shan States, Burma." Ibis 36, no. 4 (June 28, 2008): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1894.tb07759.x.

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Sai Sein Lin Oo, Nang Lao Kham, Marcela Suarez-Rubio, and Swen C. Renner. "Breeding of the ‘Critically Endangered’ White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis in the Shan Highlands, Myanmar." Journal of Threatened Taxa 16, no. 3 (March 26, 2024): 24973–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.8732.16.3.24973-24978.

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Recent studies have shown the importance of Myanmar for the conservation of three ‘Critically Endangered’ vulture populations. From November 2022 to March 2023, we carried out rapid surveys on vulture nests and nesting tree characteristics in Ke Hsi Township, Shan Highlands. We recorded 10 nests of White-rumped Vultures, Gyps bengalensis, on five nesting trees from four different localities. Six nests were active, and six nestlings were observed; four nests were inactive or abandoned. Most of the nests were recorded on Ficus spp. and the mean nest height was 13.6 m (SD ± 4.1) above ground. This represents the first confirmed record of the breeding success of White-rumped Vultures from Shan Highlands and confirms the ongoing presence of the species in Shan States. The population of G. bengalensis in Shan Highlands is small, but the confirmed breeding is significant in the wider context for this species.

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Rippon, G. "Notes on some Birds obtained at Kalaw, in the Southern Shan States." Ibis 38, no. 3 (June 28, 2008): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1896.tb07067.x.

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AIJMER, GÖRAN. "Rice and Death in Southern China and the Shan States: Transforms in Iconic Grammar." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 29, no. 2 (December 18, 2018): 319–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186318000585.

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This essay in historical anthropology juxtaposes some rice rituals in southern China with their counterparts in the Shan States of Upper Burma. The approach is one of symbological analysis of iconic codes, and it is suggested here that the two sets of rituals, superficially different, may be seen as morphological transforms of a common cultural semantic pattern. This understanding has a bearing on further explorations of the formation of the wider Southeast Asian field.

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Maule, Robert. "British Policy Discussions on the Opium Question in the Federated Shan States, 1937-1948." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 33, no. 2 (June 2002): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463402000103.

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When Burma was separated from India in 1937, the production and distribution of opium in the trans-Salween area became an important issue for the British since the Government of Burma would be expected to adhere to the various international agreements to control the opium trade. Initiatives by British officials in London to tighten restrictions were necessary since this region produced over and above the licit requirements of opium for the Shan States, but they were never fully implemented owing to resistance from local authorities and traders and the lack of any alternative cash crop to substitute for opium.

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Noan Oo, Sao. "The Sao Hpa administration of baan/mong in Mong Tai or the Shan States." Asian Review 22, no. 1 (January 2009): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.58837/chula.arv.22.1.2.

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Henricks, Robert G. "Fire and rain: a look at Shen Nung the Divine Farmer) and his ties with Yen Ti (the ." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 61, no. 1 (February 1998): 102–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00015780.

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Up to this point I have attempted to show how Shen Nung was portrayed in late Warring States and early Han texts. I have also reviewed what we know about Nung (or Chu) and Lieh Shan shih, Keng-fu (Plough Father), and T'ien-tsu (Field Ancestor), since it may be one or all four of these figures that comes to be known as Shen Nung.We can argue nothing for certain on this, and certainly T'ien-tsu in the Shih, was, we assume, a god of the Chou. But that point aside, there seems to be good reason to think that Shen Nung was originally a farming god of the Shang people. He is the hero who invented the plough, and the god to whom they turned when they needed rain. Ultimately, this may have been Hsieh, the first-born of the Shang people, known to us in our texts as Shu-chün or Yi-chün. That Shen Nung would become prominent only in texts that date from the late Chou should be no surprise; we should expect him to be overshadowed in early Chou times by their hero Hou Chi.It is important to keep in mind as we proceed that in the materials we have examined so far, we have seen repeated references to ‘fire’ and ‘rain’ and ‘drought’. Ritual ways of producing rainfall and combating the drought could involve fire (yen-huo, in Shih, 211); they might also involve ‘invocations’, charging the drought demon to ‘Go to the north!’ (Shan-hai ching).

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GRISMER, L. LEE, PERRY L. JR WOOD, GEORGE R. ZUG, MYINT KYAW THURA, MARTA S. GRISMER, MATTHEW L. MURDOCH, EVAN S. H. QUAH, and AUNG LIN. "Two more new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Shan Hills of eastern Myanmar (Burma)." Zootaxa 4483, no. 2 (September 21, 2018): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4483.2.4.

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An integrative phylogenetic analysis recovers two new species of the gekkonid genus Hemiphyllodactylus (Bleeker) from the Shan Hills of eastern Myanmar. Hemiphyllodactylus ywanganensis sp. nov. and H. uga sp. nov. are nested within the eastern Myanmar clade of a previous genus-wide phylogenetic analysis and form a more exclusive monophyletic group with H. linnwayensis. These species differ from each other and all other Hemiphyllodactylus in having unique combinations of character states involving postmental and subcaudal scale morphology; maximum SVL; digital formulae; numbers of chin scales, circumnasals, intersupranasals (=postrostrals), labials, longitudinally arranged dorsal and ventral scales, and pore-bearing femoroprecloacal scales; as well as subtle differences in coloration and pattern. The phylogenetic affinities of the eastern Myanmar clade are similar to those of an endemic clade of Cyrtodactylus from the Shan Hills in that both are more closely related to Indochinese taxa east of Myanmar as opposed to other Indo-Burmese species. The discovery of these new species underscores the underappreciated herpetological diversity of limestone ecosystems as well as the remote nature of the rugged uplands of the Shan Hills and emphasizes the need for continued field work in this region.

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9

Maule, Robert B. "The Opium Question in the Federated Shan States, 1931–36: British Policy Discussions and Scandal." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 23, no. 1 (March 1992): 14–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400011279.

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The earliest known evidence for the existence of the opium poppy has been traced to the Neolithic and Early Bronze Ages in west central Europe. Arab traders introduced opium into Asia, and in the eighth century A.D., it had been used in China. By the nineteenth century, China provided the most lucrative market for traders, primarily British and American, who brought opium to China from India and the Ottoman Empire. Opium use also proved to be popular among the overseas Chinese communities in Siam, Malaya, and the Dutch East Indies. The Chinese demand for opium, the lucrative profits to be gained from the manufacture, transfer, and sale of opium, and official connivance at edicts to prohibit its import into China, served to create a flourishing trade.

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10

RIPPON, G. "An additional List of Birds ohtained at Kalaw, Southern Shan States, during April and May, 1896." Ibis 39, no. 1 (April 3, 2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1897.tb01259.x.

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11

Welch, Ian. "Our Neighbors but Not Our Countrymen.: Christianity and the Chinese in Nineteenth-Century Victoria (Australia) and California." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 13, no. 1-2 (2006): 149–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187656106793645204.

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AbstractIn the second half of the nineteenth century, the United States of America and the British colonies of settlement in Australia shared the experience of gold rushes and the arrival of large numbers of immigrants including the Chinese. In both countries, the long-term impact of European imperialist expansion from the sixteenth century and the Anglo-Saxon dominance of the nineteenth-century world was inseparable from a wealth of explanatory theories about ethnicity in which culture, religion, and race contributed to a major (if unsubstantiated) corpus of evidence shared by the Anglo-Americans. The discovery of gold in 1847 in California (Gum San, Chin Shan—Gold Mountain) was followed by the 1854 gold rush to Victoria, Australia (Dai Gum San, Hsin Chin Shan—New Gold Mountain). The similarity of names indicates how close the connection was in Chinese minds at the time. This paper discusses one little-known aspect of the triangular relationship between China, America, and Australia during the second half of the nineteenth century—attempts by Protestant Christians to evangelize the Chinese immigrants.

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12

Tongkerd, Piyoros, Ngwe Lwin, Barna Páll-Gergely, Ratmanee Chanabun, Arthit Pholyotha, Pongpun Prasankok, Teerapong Seesamut, et al. "Contributions of a small collection of terrestrial microsnails (Pupilloidea, Hypselostomatidae) from Myanmar with description of three new species." ZooKeys 1195 (March 14, 2024): 157–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.112112.

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Land snails were collected for the project ‘Conserving Myanmar’s Karst Biodiversity’ from the limestone karsts in Mon, Kayin, and Shan states and in the regions of Tanintharyi and Mandalay between 2015 and 2017, through cooperation with Fauna and Flora International (FFI) and the Forestry Department of Myanmar. Here, we report on a portion of the collection, and list 17 species from seven genera of the Hypselostomatidae microsnails. Three new species from two genera are described as Bensonella taiyaiorum Tongkerd & Panha, sp. nov., B. lophiodera Tongkerd & Panha, sp. nov., and Gyliotrachela aunglini Tongkerd & Panha, sp. nov. All new species are known only from the type locality in Shan State (Bensonella) and Kayin State (Gyliotrachela). A new combination of Acinolaemus dayanum and three newly recorded species, namely A. cryptidentatus, B. anguloobtusa and G. hungerfordiana are discussed. The low morphological variability of the widely distributed G. hungerfordiana is discussed, and two species are proposed for formal synonymisation. Constituting the first records for Myanmar, five species of Bensonella and two species of Acinolaemus were collected.

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13

Burne., Capt E. C. "A Record of Gestation Periods and Growth of trained Indian Elephant Calves in the Southern Shan States, Burma." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London A113, no. 1-2 (August 21, 2009): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1943.tb00063.x.

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14

T.R. Ulubieva, L.I. Risling, and R. S. Mikhailova. "SEISMICITY of TAJIKISTAN and ADJACENT TERRITORIES in 2018–2019." Earthquakes in Northern Eurasia, no. 26 (December 14, 2023): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35540/1818-6254.2023.26.09.

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In 2018–2019, seismic monitoring of the territory of Tajikistan with adjacent areas of several states was carried out by a network of 7 digital seismic stations of the Geophysical Servey of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan. For two years, 17195 earthquakes with energy classes KR=8.6–14.9 were registered. Among them 2870 were small–focus (h<70 km), scattered throughout the Southwestern Tien Shan (zone I), Southern Tien Shan (II), the crustal Pamir-Hindu Kush (III), and 14325 – with intermediate depths h=70–310 km, localized in the Pamir-Hindu Kush zone IV. 112 earthquakes were tangible, two of them, Sarikhosor earthquakes of March 29, 2018 with KR=13.1, I0=6 and of March 7, 2019 with KR=12.1, I0=5–6, were surveyed with the construction of isoseist maps and described in a separate article of this issue of the journal. The strongest (Mw>6) earthquakes were grouped in zone IV of Hindu Kush earthquakes with intermediate depths both in 2018 (January 31 with KR=14.8, Mw=6.2, h=200 km and May 9 with KR=14.9, Mw=6.3, h=105 km) and in 2019 (December 20 with KR=14.8, Mw=6.2, h=209 km). All notable earthquakes with foci in the Earth's crust occurred in the Southern Tien Shan zone (II) and associated with a system of near-latitudinal South-Hissar and Ilak-Vakhsh deep faults. Among them the earthquakes occurred in 2018 (March 29 with KR =13.1, N,афт=521; September 17 and December 5 with KR=12.0, N,aft=59) and in 2019 (March 7, KR=12.1, N, aft=53), which were accompanied by large series of aftershocks.

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15

Eroshenko, G. A., E. F. Batieva, and V. V. Kutyrev. "Paleogenomics of the Plague Agent and Prospects for Paleogenomic Studies in Russia." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 2 (July 11, 2023): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-2-13-28.

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The review contains information on paleogenomic studies of the plague pathogen, Yersinia pestis, covering the prehistoric epoch, the periods of the first and second plague pandemics, epidemics and outbreaks of plague of the late XIX–XX centuries. We have summarized the data on the reconstruction of ancient Y. pestis genomes of the Late Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages, the Justinian Plague epidemic of the first plague pandemic, the Black Death epidemic and the subsequent epidemics of the second plague pandemic of the XIV–XVIII centuries, as well as on tracing the pathways of plague propagation waves in Eurasia and the course of plague agent evolution with the formation of a vector-borne transmission route with the help of arthropods. We present the results of our own research of Y. pestis genomes from the key sites of formation of etiological agents of the first and second plague pandemics in the Tien Shan Mountains, historical outbreaks in the Northern and North-Western Caspian sea region and other regions of Russia and adjoining countries in the late XIX–XX centuries. The paper discusses the areas of the Caucasus, Crimea, Northern Caspian, Siberia, and Tien Shan in the territory of Russia and neighboring states that are promising for national paleogenomic studies of plague.

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Yule, Sopana, Ni Ni Htain, Aung Kyaw Oo, Paola Sotelo-Cardona, and Ramasamy Srinivasan. "Occurrence of the South American Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) in Southern Shan, Myanmar." Insects 12, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12110962.

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The South American tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), one of the most important invasive insect pests affecting tomato production worldwide, was for the first time detected in Myanmar. Preliminary surveys on pest occurrence on tomato crops in Myanmar suggested the presence of T. absoluta in Southern Shan State, but there was no official survey conducted until the end of 2019. Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the presence of T. absoluta in Myanmar. The presence of T. absoluta was specifically observed in the Southern Shan State, which is the largest tomato production area in Myanmar, where tomato is grown under two cultivation methods, floating and land cultivation. The highest T. absoluta infestation was recordedat Kalaw with (82%), followed by Inle Lake (i.e., floating cultivation) (20%) and Pin Ta Ya (10%). The amount of T. absoluta larvae was significantly higher in the lower third of the plants, followed by the middle section and upper section, respectively, in three fields surveyed. Potential and severe economic damage may be expected if management practices are not in place to reduce the presence of this invasive pest. It is of immediate importance that plant protection and quarantine offices of ASEAN member states coordinate their response to T. absoluta and build their capacity to monitor the pest and develop a strategy for when it arrives. In addition, a suitable management strategy is needed to reduce the occurrence of this invasive pest.

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17

Manders, Neville. "XV. A Catalogue of the Ehopalocerous Lepidoptera collected in the Shan States, with notes on the country and climate." Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 38, no. 3 (April 24, 2009): 511–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1890.tb02706.x.

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18

Khaing San, Khaing, Jiaxin Yan, Stefan Schröder, Qinglai Feng, Rucha Ingavat- Helmcke, and Dietrich Helmcke. "Comparison of the Paleozoic sequences from the Padaukpin area (Northern Shan States, Union of Myanmar) and the Baoshan region (Western Yunnan, P. R. of China)." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 233, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/233/2004/351.

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Misa, Henry. "A Medieval Climate Anomaly: The Qarakhanid Adaptation." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 54, no. 1 (2023): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01972.

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Abstract A synthesis of paleoclimatic, archaeological, and literary evidence from Central Asia (Transoxiana and the Tarim Basin) during the tenth through twelfth centuries suggests that the Qarakhanid state adapted its hybrid economy to a unique climate regime characterized by drought created by the Medieval Climate Anomaly. To adapt, the Qarakhanids expanded the agricultural and pastoral sections of their economy into foothill and highland ecologies and used diplomacy to support a transregional trade network that helped to stimulate drought-stressed oasis economies on both sides of the Tian Shan. New methodological conclusions relevant for the study of interdisciplinary environmental history in general and for the historiography of premodern mobile pastoralist states in particular provide frameworks for future study.

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Khudyakov, Yuliy S., and Alisa Yu Borisenko. "Localization of the Kyrgyz Residence Areas in Southern Siberia and Central Asia within the Periods of late Antiquity, Early and High Middle Ages." Archaeology and Ethnography 20, no. 7 (2021): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-7-109-120.

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Purpose. This article considers and analyzes the information, contained in ancient and medieval sources, about residence areas of the Yenisei and Central Asian Kyrgyz during particular historical periods, including late Antiquity, Early and High Middle Ages. These periods are related to the time of existence of political and military domination in the Central Asian Region of the ancient and medieval Turkic and Mongolian nomads, including Xiongnu, Xianbei, Turkic, Teles and Khitan nomadic ethnic groups. Results. During one of those historical periods, after the defeat of the Uyghur Khaganate, the Kyrgyz themselves dominated over Central Asian steppes. Resettlement areas of the Kyrgyz in Central Asia and Southern Siberia changed considerably on several occasions. During various historical periods, the Kyrgyz resided in the territory of Eastern Tian Shan, within the bounds of modern Xinjiang and during the following historical periods in Minusinsk Basin as well, followed by the vast territories of the Sayan and Altai Mountains and a major part of Central Asia, as well as within the bounds of the Western Tian Shan mountain range. The article analyzes the available informative historical data in ancient and medieval sources about the main resettlement areas of the Kyrgyz in different territories in definite time periods of their residence within the bounds of the Central Asian historical and cultural region. Conclusion. Since their repeated resettlement into the eastern Tian Shan region in the era of the Kyrgyz Great Power, the Old Kyrgyz descendants could have reclaimed the mountains and valleys of Tengir-Too. They could have also restored their statehood at the turn of historical modernity, firstly in its capacity as a republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and during the last decades by way of the independent state of the Kyrgyz Republic in the Commonwealth of Independent States. Despite all existing current complexities, the Kyrgyz keep their State.

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21

Torrens, H. S. "Lost & Found: 167. R.D.S. DARELL (STEPHENS) collection." Geological Curator 4, no. 6 (July 1986): 345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc267.

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CLEEVELY, p.96 (Darell collection); p.275 (Stephens collection) Colin Prosser (Dept. of Geology, University College, Swansea SA2 8PP) writes: *Can you please provide any information about the D.S. Darell collection, particularly if it could contain French material? S.S. Buckman refers to it on page 288 of *The Brachiopoda of the Namyau Beds, Northern Shan States, Burma* Mem, geol. Surv. India Palaeont. indica (NS), 3, memoir no.2, 1918.* H.S.T. writes: * Since there is so much confusion about the major fossil collection made by Darell it seems worth trying to sort out some of its history here. S.S. Buckman (1860-1929), in the above reference, often refers to material figured or used in this work as in *Authors collection ex. Mr D.S....

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Moon, Byung Soon. "Textual Research on Warring States Seal of Yi Shi Shan Fang Collecting 048 and The Best Collection of China Seal 101." Journal of Chinese Studies 98 (November 30, 2021): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35982/jcs.98.1.

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23

Dronov, Andrei V. "Middle paleozoic waulsortian-type mud mounds in Southern Fergana (Southern Tien-Shan, commonwealth of independent states): The shallow-water atoll model." Facies 28, no. 1 (December 1993): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02539735.

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Baysal, Ebru, and Gül Güneş Aktan. "Bibliometric Analysis of Oral Mucositis Studies in the Nursing Field: A Descriptive Study." Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 13, no. 1 (March 27, 2024): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1410028.

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The research aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of studies on oral mucositis in the field of nursing. Data were obtained from the Scopus database using the keywords “oral mucositis”, “stomatitis”, “aphthous stomatitis” and “oral ulcer”. A total of 16,863 studies were accessed and 344 studies that met the inclusion criteria were examined. VOSviewer 1.6.20 was used to analyze the data. The most published and cited authors on oral mucositis in the field of nursing, the most cited publications, and the distribution of these publications by journals and institutions were examined. The network map of co-author-authors, institutions, and country connections, as well as the common keyword analysis map, were also examined. It was discovered that publications and citations about oral mucositis in the nursing field have increased since 1990. It was determined that Laurie MacPhail was the most productive author, Chung Shan Medical University had the most publications, and the University of California had the most citations. The author with the most collaborations as a co-author was Rebecca Stone (3 co-authored articles, three clusters, 10 links, and 12 total link strength), the co-author-institution was Chung Shan Medical University (3 articles, 1 cluster, 12 links, and 12 total link strength), and the co-author- country was the United States (81 articles, 3 clusters, 15 links, and a total link strength of 19). Nutrients is the most widely published journal in this field, and the Journal of Pain and Symptom Management is the most cited. "Oral mucositis" is the most frequently used keyword in publications. According to study results, the most published and most cited authors and institutions in this field are in the United States. Although Turkey is one of the top three countries in terms of publications and citations, the visibility of our institutions is limited because the authors do not cooperate. There have been few studies on OM-related pain, evidence-based practice, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and pediatric oncology patients.

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Wang, Zhen-Zhong. "Early Marine Civilization of Shan-Dong Peninsula and Sea Silk Road of Korea-China-Japan in the ‘Spring-Autumn and Warring States’ Period." Historical Journal 59 (January 31, 2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20457/sha.59.1.

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Nesbitt, Monte L., Robert C. Ebel, and William A. Dozier. "Production Practices for Satsuma Mandarins in the Southeastern United States." HortScience 43, no. 2 (April 2008): 290–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.2.290.

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Satsuma mandarin is presently the primary citrus crop for citrus growers in south Alabama, south Mississippi, and for certain new plantings in northwest Florida. Current growth in satsuma mandarin hectarage in Alabama is similar to the historical hectarage expansion that occurred during decades or clusters of years with a low incidence of lethal, freezing temperatures. Commercial groves currently range in size from 100 to 2000 trees and use various freeze protection strategies, including wind breaks, overstory frost protection with pine or pecan trees, under-tree and scaffold branch irrigation, and high tunnel polyethylene-covered greenhouses. The various methods of freeze protection require adjustments in cultural management practices, including spacing, pruning, irrigation, and fertilization. The primary rootstock used and recommended for its cold-hardiness and edaphic adaptation is Poncirus trifoliata. Some groves use ‘Swingle’ citrumelo, mainly because it is grown and propagated in Louisiana, where it is valued for its higher salt tolerance. ‘Owari’ was the original cultivar introduced to the United States from Japan in the late 19th century and is still the main cultivar in Alabama today, although earlier maturing cultivars, including ‘Brown Select’, ‘Early St. Ann’, and ‘LA Early’, are being introduced to extend the marketing season. Cultivars from Japan and China, including ‘Okitsu Wase’, ‘Miyagawa Wase’, and ‘Xie Shan’, are currently being evaluated for suitability in the region. Three general methods of culture with regard to spacing and pruning are discussed. Nitrogen application rates are typically low to moderate, yet leaf nitrogen levels surveyed in groves in 2005 were generally optimal or high with respect to published sufficiency levels for mature citrus in Florida.

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GRISMER, L. LEE, PERRY L. JR WOOD, MYINT KYAW THURA, NAY MYO WIN, and EVAN S. H. QUAH. "Two more new species of the Cyrtodactylus peguensis group (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the fringes of the Ayeyarwady Basin, Myanmar." Zootaxa 4577, no. 2 (April 5, 2019): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4577.2.3.

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Two new species of Bent-toed Geckos of the Cyrtodactylus peguensis group are described from foothill areas occurring on opposite sides of the Ayeyarwady Basin. Cyrtodactylus nyinyikyawi sp. nov. from the Shwe Settaw Wildlife Sanctuary, Magway Region in the east and C. pyadalinensis sp. nov. from the Panluang-Pyadalin Wildlife Sanctuary, Shan State in the west bear unique suits of morphological and color pattern character states separating them from all species in the peguensis group. Additionally, a molecular phylogeny based on the mitochondrial gene ND2 indicates that neither species is nested within, nor sister to any known species in the group. This study augments recent and ongoing studies showing that the Ayeyarwady Basin is herpetologically more diverse than previously considered and should be incorporated into ongoing discussions concerning conservation efforts in Myanmar.

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Elder, Kelly, Richard Kattelmann, Sergei N. Ushnurtsev, Yang Daqing, and Alexander Chichagov. "Differences in mass-balance calculations resulting from alternative sampling and estimation techniques on Glacier No. 1, Tien Shan, China." Annals of Glaciology 16 (1992): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1992aog16-1-198-206.

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In May of 1990, three research groups from China, the Soviet Union and the United States visited Glacier No. 1 in the Ürümqi river basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwestern China, in a cooperative effort to examine differences in mass-balance calculations resulting from sampling and estimation procedures. Three different snow-depth data sets were collected consisting of: (1) high-resolution depth transects covering the glacier, (2) depths taken from the permanent stake network, and (3) an intermediate data set constructed using the stake network and supplementary depth data from locations not covered by the stake network. The glacier was divided into ten elevation zones and the data were registered to a digital elevation model for analysis. Results show that the permanent stake network provides an accurate estimate of total mass balance if certain techniques are used for extrapolation to higher elevations, although estimates of mass balance for particular regions of the glacier are not accurate. Some regions were overestimated while others were underestimated, leading to a good overall estimate. The intermediate-resolution data set provided better within-zone estimates of mass balance, but was less accurate than the stake network for total mass balance.

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Elder, Kelly, Richard Kattelmann, Sergei N. Ushnurtsev, Yang Daqing, and Alexander Chichagov. "Differences in mass-balance calculations resulting from alternative sampling and estimation techniques on Glacier No. 1, Tien Shan, China." Annals of Glaciology 16 (1992): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500005073.

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In May of 1990, three research groups from China, the Soviet Union and the United States visited Glacier No. 1 in the Ürümqi river basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, northwestern China, in a cooperative effort to examine differences in mass-balance calculations resulting from sampling and estimation procedures. Three different snow-depth data sets were collected consisting of: (1) high-resolution depth transects covering the glacier, (2) depths taken from the permanent stake network, and (3) an intermediate data set constructed using the stake network and supplementary depth data from locations not covered by the stake network. The glacier was divided into ten elevation zones and the data were registered to a digital elevation model for analysis. Results show that the permanent stake network provides an accurate estimate of total mass balance if certain techniques are used for extrapolation to higher elevations, although estimates of mass balance for particular regions of the glacier are not accurate. Some regions were overestimated while others were underestimated, leading to a good overall estimate. The intermediate-resolution data set provided better within-zone estimates of mass balance, but was less accurate than the stake network for total mass balance.

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WU, GUANGJIAN, PEILIN LI, XUELEI ZHANG, and CHENGLONG ZHANG. "Using a geochemical method of dissolved and insoluble fractions to characterize surface snow melting and major element elution." Journal of Glaciology 64, no. 248 (December 2018): 1003–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.87.

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ABSTRACTA geochemical method to characterize post-depositional melting and elution is demonstrated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to measure concentrations of dissolved and insoluble fractions of major crustal elements in snow samples collected from March 2006 to January 2010 at Urumqi Glacier No. 1, Tien Shan. Dust from these samples has compositional homogeneity, suggesting that dust has a stable dissolved fraction percentage (DFP, calculated as dissolved/(dissolved + insoluble)%). Calcium has the highest DFP (averaging 61.5 ± 19.4%), followed by Na (30.4 ± 19.6%), Mg (13.2 ± 9.8%), and K (7.9 ± 9.8%). Acid input can affect dissolution of Na and Ca. Taking DFP values of unmelted samples as the reference, the higher DFPs refer to strengthened dissolution from acid input, while the lower ones refer to elution. Based on the DFP difference between unmelted and eluted states, an elution sequence Ca > Na > Mg > K is obtained. Some details such as the beginning and the ending stages of elution can be found by DFP and acid input index, while using ion concentration is not capable of this. Our results reveal that acid input is an important mechanism for DFP changes, that the DFP index can provide an effective assessment of snow elution, and that this will aid in understanding low latitude ice cores.

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Liu, Yanan, Dheyaa J. Jasim, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Navid Nasajpour-Esfahani, Soheil Salahshour, Majid Zarringhalm, and Amin Rahmani. "Combining neutral scalar and isothermal Shan-Chen lattice Boltzmann method to simulate droplet placement on a wall in isothermal and non-isothermal states." Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 156 (March 2024): 105350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2024.105350.

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Htut Aung, Tin, Ben Marwick, and Cyler Conrad. "PALAEOLITHIC ZOOARCHAEOLOGY IN MYANMAR: A REVIEW AND FUTURE PROSPECTS." Journal of Indo-Pacific Archaeology 39 (October 26, 2015): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/jipa.v39i0.14896.

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<p><span>The Anyathian culture, one of the prominent stone arte-fact traditions in Mainland Southeast Asia spanning the Pleistocene and Holocene, has been frequently described at archaeological sites in the central belt of Myanmar. Human exploitative patterns of plant and animal re-sources relating to the Anyathian are obscure due to the paucity of systematic stratigraphic excavations in Myan-mar. However, recent research in the States of Shan and Kayin has shown that Myanmar has the potential to contribute to a better understanding of human subsistence economies at hunter-gatherer sites throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene. This study reviews faunal evidence recovered in association with stone artefacts at hunter-gatherer sites throughout Myanmar and illustrates the significance that further, more intensive research and better chronometric dating has for developing our understanding of foraging strategies in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene in Myanmar.</span> </p>

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Ashirbekov, Assetbek, Nursultan Zhumatay, Alibek Kuljabekov, Bagdagul Kabdenova, Ernesto Monaco, Lei Wang, and Luis R. Rojas-Solórzano. "Lattice Boltzmann Modeling of a Sessile and a Body Force-Driven Sliding Droplet over a Grooved Surface." Processes 10, no. 11 (November 11, 2022): 2356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10112356.

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This work presents the numerical modeling of a droplet’s sessile and dynamic behavior on a grooved surface. A droplet is placed on horizontal and vertical sliding conditions to observe its behavior under wettable and non-wettable conditions. The numerical analysis uses the multicomponent multiphase Shan-Chen Lattice Boltzmann Model (SC-LBM). The Cassie–Baxter and Wenzel states are reproduced for the sessile condition, and the enhancement of the contact angle is appreciated under the action of the grooved-ridged horizontal surface. The sliding droplet is analyzed through the Bond number by varying the ratio between the body force and the surface tension number. For Cassie–Baxter and Wenzel wettability conditions, a critical Bond number was discovered above which the sliding droplet will continue to deform indefinitely. The numerical model proved its suitability to predict the gradual deformation of a droplet over a grooved vertical surface subject to a tangential body force until the droplet eventually reaches a sessile condition or a breakup.

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Rossen, William Richard, and Johannes Bruining. "Foam Displacements with Multiple Steady States." SPE Journal 12, no. 01 (March 1, 2007): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/89397-pa.

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Summary A number of experimental and theoretical studies suggest that the fractional-flow function for foam can be either multivalued in water saturation or else can comprise distinct fractional-flow curves for two or more foam regimes, with jumps between them where each regime reaches its limiting condition. We construct fractional-flow solutions for these cases. When such a foam is employed in a surfactant-alternating-gas (SAG) process, the usual "tangency" condition is modified and the foam can be considerably weaker than the foam formed at what appears to be the point of tangency of the multivalued fractional-flow function. If the capillary-pressure function Pc (Sw) differs between foam regimes, that difference can substantially change the nature of the displacement. This alters the effective fractional-flow function and hence the global solution of the equations. It is therefore important to determine how capillary pressure varies in foam displacements, by direct measurement in situ if possible. Special care is needed in numerical simulation of processes using fixed grids if capillary pressure depends directly on foam regime. Using gridblocks that are too large can weaken the effect of capillary pressure that would enforce the correct shock on the small scale. Using an upscaled fractional-flow function appears to eliminate this problem, however. Introduction Foams are injected into geological formations for gas diversion in improved oil recovery (IOR) (Schramm 1994; Rossen 1996), acid diversion in matrix acid well stimulation (Gdanski 1993), and environmental remediation (Hirasaki et al. 2000). In IOR and environmental remediation, it is often useful to inject gas and surfactant solution in alternating slugs, a process called SAG injection. SAG injection holds several advantages over continuous coinjection of gas and liquid, as described elsewhere (Shi and Rossen 1998; Shan and Rossen 2004). Method of Characteristics and Fractional-Flow Theory. Many problems involving conservation equations can be formulated in the so-called hyperbolic framework. The ensuing equations can then be solved using the method of characteristics (see, for example, Smoller (1980), after page 266). The solution consists of rarefactions or spreading waves, constant states, and shocks. Additional conditions are also required to obtain a unique solution. Numerical solutions of the equations can, in effect, pick out the wrong uniqueness conditions and give inaccurate results. A complete analysis requires the traveling-wave representation of a shock. Bruining and Van Duijn (2000, 2007) present an example in which the conditions on the traveling wave are essential to identifying the correct solution of the macroscopic equations. Bruining et al. (2002, 2004) give a regularization procedure for constructing such a traveling wave solution for an application of steam injection. The conditions on the traveling wave must be kept in mind when using a graphical procedure for finding the solution with the method of characteristics, a technique introduced by Buckley and Leverett (1941). It is widely used for petroleum engineering applications [see also Pope (1980), who generalized fractional-flow theory to deal with more complex problems]. In this formulation, the uniqueness condition is called the Welge tangent condition (1952).

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Liang, Jin-long, Wei-dong Sun, Yi-liang Li, San-yuan Zhu, He Li, Yu-long Liu, and Wei Zhai. "An XPS study on the valence states of arsenic in arsenian pyrite: Implications for Au deposition mechanism of the Yang-shan Carlin-type gold deposit, western Qinling belt." Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 62 (January 2013): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.10.020.

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MURASHIMA, EIJI. "The Commemorative Character of Thai Historiography: The 1942–43 Thai Military Campaign in the Shan States Depicted as a Story of National Salvation and the Restoration of Thai Independence." Modern Asian Studies 40, no. 4 (September 18, 2006): 1053–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x06002198.

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Thailand has a long, well-established practice of publishing books to commemorate events and personages. Among these are volumes commemorating deceased persons which are distributed to participants at cremation ceremonies. They contain obituaries written by the deceased's superiors, peers, and subordinates as well as relatives. Commemorative books are also published by government agencies, private companies, schools and individuals. While most are published in the Thai language, Chinese communities in Thailand also produce a large number of such books in Chinese. There has been no slackening of the practice; rather the publication of commemorative books has been gaining strength over the past decades.

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Boyn, Jan-Niklas, and David A. Mazziotti. "Elucidating the molecular orbital dependence of the total electronic energy in multireference problems." Journal of Chemical Physics 156, no. 19 (May 21, 2022): 194104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0090342.

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The accurate resolution of the chemical properties of strongly correlated systems, such as biradicals, requires the use of electronic structure theories that account for both multi-reference and dynamic correlation effects. A variety of methods exist that aim to resolve the dynamic correlation in multi-reference problems, commonly relying on an exponentially scaling complete-active-space self-consistent-field (CASSCF) calculation to generate reference molecular orbitals (MOs). However, while CASSCF orbitals provide the optimal solution for a selected set of correlated (active) orbitals, their suitability in the quest for the resolution of the total correlation energy has not been thoroughly investigated. Recent research has shown the ability of Kohn–Shan density functional theory to provide improved orbitals for coupled cluster (CC) and Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP) calculations. Here, we extend the search for optimal and more cost effective MOs to post-configuration-interaction [post-(CI)] methods, surveying the ability of the MOs obtained with various density functional theory (DFT) functionals, as well as Hartree–Fock and CC and MP calculations to accurately capture the total electronic correlation energy. Applying the anti-Hermitian contracted Schrödinger equation to the dissociation of N2, the calculation of biradical singlet–triplet gaps, and the transition states of bicylobutane isomerization, we demonstrate that DFT provides a cost-effective alternative to CASSCF in providing reference orbitals for post-CI dynamic correlation calculations.

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Thein, S. K., S. Satyanarayana, K. W. Y. Kyaw, S. Saw, T. N. Maung, P. P. Swe, M. K. Thu, and S. T. Aung. "Childhood TB in Myanmar: trends in notification, profile and treatment outcomes in the private sector." Public Health Action 9, no. 4 (December 21, 2019): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.19.0011.

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Setting: Myanmar National Tuberculosis (TB) programme (NTP).Objective: To describe 1) the trends in childhood TB (aged 14 years) notification from 2014 to 2017 and quantify the private sector contribution to this notification; and 2) the profile and treatment outcomes of childhood TB managed in the private sector in 2016.Study design: This was an observational study involving the review of routine records and reports of the NTP public-private mix (PPM) projects managed by the Myanmar Medical Association and Population Service International.Results: The total number of childhood TB notified has declined from 36 314 in 2014 to 28 723 in 2017 (average annual decline = 2607 cases per year). The private sector contribution to the notification remained between 17% and 19%. Of the 5616 childhood TB cases diagnosed and treated under the two PPM projects in 2016, 99% were clinically diagnosed and 5459 (97.7%) had successful treatment outcomes. Children aged 10 years, males, those with bacteriologically confirmed TB, those treated in the regions or states of Mandalay, Chin and Shan had a higher risk of an unfavourable outcome (lost to follow-up, death, move to second-line treatment and not evaluated).Conclusion: Childhood TB notification is showing a declining trend. One of five notified childhood TB cases was diagnosed and treated in the private sector, where the successful treatment rate was high.

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Zhong, Xiaohua, and Ho Leung. "Exploring Participatory Microregeneration as Sustainable Renewal of Built Heritage Community: Two Case Studies in Shanghai." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061617.

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Since the 1990s, Shanghai has experienced massive urban development and renewal as ways to respond to its demographic, economic, and living space needs. Previous policies have led to the demolishment of many historical communities and valuable heritage housing. The existing ones continue to face extreme threats, such as bad physical conditions and the marginalization of communities. Yet there is a recent trend that emphasizes sustainable urban renewal named microregeneration (微更新), launched by municipal and local states since 2016. One of the main approaches of the initiative was to form new urban coalitions to focus on collaborative governance that helps integrate different agents’ expertise and values for more sustainable urban developments and renewals. This paper explores two cases on how this concept has emerged. The first case is An Shan Si Cun (鞍山四村). This housing block was built in the 1950s for employees of some state-owned enterprises. The second case is Jing Lao Cun (敬老邨). This alley house neighborhood was built in 1930s for migrants who came to Shanghai. Furthermore, this paper is to explore and compare their approaches to sustainable urban renewal, which attempts to preserve these communities that represent cultural and built heritage in Shanghai. Specifically, this paper examines the challenges and accomplishments of these experiments, and discusses policy implications for future tactics of sustainable urban renewal.

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Panthamit, Nisit, Somsak Wongpanyaptaworn, Pimonpun Boonyasana, and Paisan Panthamitr. "Role of Hundi in Border Trade Payment of Northern Thailand- Myanmar Before and After 2021 Military Coup." Rajabhat Chiang Mai Research Journal 24, no. 3 (September 10, 2023): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.57260/rcmrj.2023.265145.

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Myanmar considers border trade more important than international trade. Due to the economic sanctions imposed by the West since the military government took power in 1996 up until the latest one in 2021, Thailand -Myanmar border trade has been characterized by more informal trade than previously. Border trade has developed despite being subjected to long-standing international trade barriers. This study aims to convey an understanding of how the informal border payment, “Hundi”, works as the border-trade -payment between Myanmar and Northern Thailand. Even though hundi is an informal transfer system it is widely used as an alternative banking system. Especially, hundi is used in the financing of legitimate businesses, to prevent exacerbating the problems of access to credit of different states. This study draws on available literature and open-source reporting, as well as extensive field research by interviewing trusted sources for more than 30 informants (i.e., border-trader, money changer, money transfer operators, business leaders, hundi operators, immigrant labors, government officials, commercial banking staffs) in the northern part of Thailand with the border city in Shan state, Myanmar during 2017-2022. This study found that hundi plays a significant role as both a substitute and complement to cross-border trade and payment across the border of Myanmar-Thailand. After the recent political instability, and expansion from a formal banking sector to a mobile money services, in the short term, we are unlikely to see an elimination of the hundi system completely.

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Radyk, Megan D., Barbara S. Nelson, Christopher J. Halbrook, Mengrou Shan, Jonathan Alektiar, Howard C. Crawford, Yatrik M. Shah, and Costas A. Lyssiotis. "Abstract 2176: NADPH production and redox homeostasis regulate acinar to ductal metaplasia." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2176.

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Abstract Activating mutations in KRAS reprogram cellular metabolism to support continuous growth, proliferation, and survival in pancreatic cancer. However, there is little information on how KRAS-dependent alterations in metabolism change precancerous states and cancer initiation. Acinar cells can give rise to pancreatic tumors through acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), a reversible cell state that persists and progresses to neoplasia and cancer with oncogenic KRAS. During ADM, acinar cells transdifferentiate to duct-like cells, a process we hypothesized was mediated by metabolic rewiring. We performed transcriptomic analysis on acinar cells undergoing ADM and found metabolic programs are globally enhanced. Indeed, we and others have demonstrated how inhibiting metabolic pathways necessary for ADM can prevent transdifferentiation and tumorigenesis. A detailed analysis of our data revealed that the transcripts for NADPH-producing enzymes, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6pd) and Malic enzyme 1 (Me1), were significant enriched during ADM. Following these results, we obtained G6pd-mutant mice and generated Me1flox/flox mice and bred them into the KC (KrasLSL-G12D/+;Ptf1aCre/+) line, resulting in KCG (KrasLSL-G12D/+;Ptf1aCre/+;G6pdmut/mut) and KCM (KrasLSL-G12D/+;Ptf1aCre/+;Me1flox/flox) mice. Interestingly, KCG and KCM mice develop ADM and neoplasia faster than their KC counterparts. We also observe that acinar cells and ADM in KCG cells have higher levels of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) both in vivo and using primary ex vivo acinar cell cultures. Thus, increased ROS levels may underlie ADM acceleration in this system. In primary acinar cell culture, we can rescue the accelerated ADM phenotype in KCG cells with the addition of antioxidants. Furthermore, we find that treatment of wild type acinar cells with buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) to deplete glutathione levels and increase ROS also accelerates ADM in culture. These results suggest that NADPH and glutathione pools are important for regulating redox levels during ADM, and that reducing these pools leads to accelerated tumorigenesis. Together, this work demonstrates new metabolic pathways driving pancreatic cancer initiation. Citation Format: Megan D. Radyk, Barbara S. Nelson, Christopher J. Halbrook, Mengrou Shan, Jonathan Alektiar, Howard C. Crawford, Yatrik M. Shah, Costas A. Lyssiotis. NADPH production and redox homeostasis regulate acinar to ductal metaplasia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2176.

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Hou, Su-I., Li-Fan Liu, and Carol Ma. "INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO ADDRESSING LONELINESS AND PROMOTING AGING IN COMMUNITY." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.0739.

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Abstract Research has shown that older adults who are lonely and socially isolated are at increased risk for various negative health outcomes. This symposium brings together leading experts across the globe in the fields of gerontology, public health, and social work to share innovative approaches to addressing loneliness and fostering connections. The symposium will begin with Dr. Ma from the National Singapore University of Social Sciences (SUSS) to share the voice of seniors on digital inclusion for a healthy community in Singapore. Dr. Shapira from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, and her research team will discuss a 7-session digital intervention to promote effective coping and alleviate depression and loneliness among older adults in Israel. The symposium will then examine community-based efforts, with Dr. Hou from The University of Central Florida (UCF) in the United States discussing the role of healthcare providers in screening and identifying loneliness and examining communication and comfortability in conducting loneliness screening among older patients. Lastly, Dr. Kuo from Chung-Shan Medical University (CSMU) will introduce the five domains of living a good life and how older adults responded to these topics to prepare themselves for better aging in the community. The presenters will discuss strategies for fostering community-based support networks to address community-dwelling older adults’ physical, social, and emotional needs. This global symposium will also examine the role of technology in supporting community-based efforts, including using virtual communication platforms, online resources, and digital tools to promote community engagement and connection. This is an International Comparisons of Healthy Aging Interest Group Sponsored Symposium. This is a collaborative symposium between the Aging Among Asians and International Comparisons of Healthy Aging Interest Groups.

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He, Yan, Zhenyu Luo, Yiyao Wang, Shan Xiong, Rui Wan, Xue Zhang, Hua Bai, and Jie Wang. "Abstract 5426: SMC2 orchestrates non-small cell lung cancer proliferation, invasion, and metastasis by modulating the ERK/AKT/NF-κB pathways." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 5426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-5426.

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Abstract Chromatin instability has been associated with the expression of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family members and is a common feature in many tumors. SMC family members have been associated with poor outcomes in several cancer types. However, little is known about their functions and mechanisms in promoting cancer progression, particularly in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we evaluated the expression of SMC family members in the tumor microenvironment of NSCLC specimens using single-cell RNA sequencing analyses. After a survival analysis, it was found that the sole factor associated with a poor prognosis for NSCLC was member SMC2 expression. Immunohistochemistry was used with data from the Human Protein Atlas, the Cancer Genome Atlas, and the Gene Expression Omnibus databases to confirm the overexpression of SMC2 in NSCLC. We demonstrated that SMC2 regulates not only the fluctuations in the critical states of tumor cells, which are defined by different transcriptome and metabolic properties but also coordinates the immunological components and cell-to-cell communications of the immune milieu, potentially through the pleiotrophin and the Galectin pathways. In vitro and in vivo evidence support the pro-metastatic role of SMC2 in NSCLC. Subsequent investigations showed that SMC2 increases NSCLC progression and metastasis via modulating the ERK/AKT/NF-κB pathway and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Our research clarifies the role and potential mechanisms of SMC2 in NSCLC, providing new treatment options and valuable insights for the management of NSCLC. Citation Format: Yan He, Zhenyu Luo, Yiyao Wang, Shan Xiong, Rui Wan, Xue Zhang, Hua Bai, Jie Wang. SMC2 orchestrates non-small cell lung cancer proliferation, invasion, and metastasis by modulating the ERK/AKT/NF-κB pathways [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5426.

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Miller, C. Brook. "Late Capitalism and the United States in The Apple Cart." SHAW The Annual of Bernard Shaw Studies 26, no. 1 (2006): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/shaw.2006.0011.

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Islahi, Abdul Azim. "The Economic Ideas of Shah Wali-Allah al-Dihlawi." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 27, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 69–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v27i2.361.

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Shah Wali-Allah al-Dihlawi (d. 1174 AH/1762 CE) stands in the Indian subcontinent’s history as a link between medieval and modern Islamic thought. Through his writings on various Shari` ah sciences, he brought about a revolution in the Muslim mind, one that continues to inspire his readers even today. Focusing on the economic problems of his time, he reflected upon the economy’s applied aspects and such theoretical issues as a person’s basic occupation, the need for a division of labor, the nature and function of money, and undesirable economic practices. He also analyzed riba al-fadl (interest in terms of quantity) and riba alnasi’ah (interest in terms of time of delivery) in economic terms and emphasized the need and importance of having a full treasury (to ensure that the government sufficient funds to meet its obligations to its inhabitants during times of war and peace). In addition, he formulated a theory known as al-irtifaqat (the stages of socioeconomic development). Starting from primitive village life and ending with an international community, he divided society’s socioeconomic development into four stages, the first of which is dominated by simple economic struggle and the last of which is developed to maintain a just political order on the international level in order to safeguard the various states’ socioeconomic interest and establish mutual peace and justice. All of his economic ideas revolve around and are related to his concept of irtifaqat.

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Islahi, Abdul Azim. "The Economic Ideas of Shah Wali-Allah al-Dihlawi." American Journal of Islam and Society 27, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 69–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v27i2.361.

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Shah Wali-Allah al-Dihlawi (d. 1174 AH/1762 CE) stands in the Indian subcontinent’s history as a link between medieval and modern Islamic thought. Through his writings on various Shari` ah sciences, he brought about a revolution in the Muslim mind, one that continues to inspire his readers even today. Focusing on the economic problems of his time, he reflected upon the economy’s applied aspects and such theoretical issues as a person’s basic occupation, the need for a division of labor, the nature and function of money, and undesirable economic practices. He also analyzed riba al-fadl (interest in terms of quantity) and riba alnasi’ah (interest in terms of time of delivery) in economic terms and emphasized the need and importance of having a full treasury (to ensure that the government sufficient funds to meet its obligations to its inhabitants during times of war and peace). In addition, he formulated a theory known as al-irtifaqat (the stages of socioeconomic development). Starting from primitive village life and ending with an international community, he divided society’s socioeconomic development into four stages, the first of which is dominated by simple economic struggle and the last of which is developed to maintain a just political order on the international level in order to safeguard the various states’ socioeconomic interest and establish mutual peace and justice. All of his economic ideas revolve around and are related to his concept of irtifaqat.

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Shigeta, Y., A. M. Ferreira, V. G. Zakrzewski, and J. V. Ortiz. "Electron propagator calculations with Kohn-Sham reference states." International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 85, no. 4-5 (2001): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.1543.

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Miller, C. Brook. "LATE CAPITALISM AND THE UNITED STATES IN THE APPLE CART." Shaw 26 (January 1, 2006): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/shaw.26.2006.0118.

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Rai, Kunal, Mayinuer Maitituoheti, Alvin Shi, Ming Tang, Li-Lun Ho, Firas Youssef Kreidieh, Christopher Terranova, et al. "Abstract 6425: Functional roles of enhancers in immune microenvironment & immunotherapy response." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 6425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-6425.

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Abstract Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has improved long-term survival for patients with advanced melanoma. However, there is critical need to identify potential biomarkers of response and actionable strategies to improve response rates. Through generation and analysis of over 200 chromatin modification maps for ICB-treated melanoma patient samples, melanoma cells and T cells, we identified significant enrichment of active enhancer states in non-responders at baseline. Enhancer mapping by bulk ChIP-Seq or single cell ATAC-Seq methods in two independent cohorts of ICB-treated melanoma samples identified an enhancer signature that predicted response to anti-PD-1 therapy. The activated non-responder enhancers marked a group of key regulators of several pathways in melanoma cells (including c-MET, TGFβ, EMT and AKT) that are known to mediate resistance to ICB therapy. In addition, several checkpoint receptors were alternatively activated by aberrant enhancers in T cells. Unbiased CRISPRi screening in melanoma cells and T cells identified novel functional enhancers, such as one upstream of c-MET, that mediate ICB response or T cell mediated killing. Finally, inhibition of enhancers and repression of these pathways using bromodomain inhibitors along with anti-PD-1 therapy significantly decreased melanoma tumor burden and increased T-cell infiltration. Epigenomic experiments identified a signature of 107 genes that could be used as pharmacodynamic marker for BET inhibitor response. Together, these findings identify enhancer upregulation as a key mechanism of adaptive resistance to ICB response, a potential enhancer-based biomarker of resistance to anti-PD-1 and enhancer blockade in combination with ICB as a potential strategy to improve responses. Citation Format: Kunal Rai, Mayinuer Maitituoheti, Alvin Shi, Ming Tang, Li-Lun Ho, Firas Youssef Kreidieh, Christopher Terranova, Kyriakitsa Galani, Emily Z. Keung, Caitlin A. Creasy, Manrong Wu, Jiajia Chen, Nana Chen, Anand K. Singh, Apoorvi Chaudhri, Nazanin E. Anvar, Giuseppe Tarrantino, Jiekun Yang, Sharmistha Sarkar, Shan Jiang, Jared Malke, Lauren Haydu, Elizabeth Burton, Michael A. Davies, Jeffrey E. Gershenwald, Patrick Hwu, Alexander Lazar, Jaime H. Cheah, Christian K. Soule, Stuart S. Levine, Chantale Bernatchez, Srinivas V. Saladi, David Liu, Hussein Tawbi, Jennifer Wargo, Genevieve M. Boland, Manolis Kellis. Functional roles of enhancers in immune microenvironment & immunotherapy response. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6425.

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Springate-Baginski, Oliver, and Mi Kamoon. "Defending Shan State's customary tenure systems from below through collective action research." Journal of Peasant Studies 48, no. 3 (March 5, 2021): 541–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2021.1887145.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Shan States'

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