To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Shan (The Chinese word).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Shan (The Chinese word)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Shan (The Chinese word).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Lo, Wing Sze. "Statistics-based Chinese word segmentation and new word detection /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202002%20LOW.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-86). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
2
Chen, Yiping. "Word recognition and reading in Chinese." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8f034ff4-f07c-459b-95f7-4b0a72e07c45.
Full textAbstract:
Finally, the present thesis develops an analytic account of word recognition and reading in Chinese. Implications are drawn for both experimental studies of normal reading and neuropsychological studies of dyslexia in Chinese.
3
Hu, Wenze. "Functional Perspectives and Chinese Word Order." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392908184.
Full text
4
Hung, Chun-tak. "Chinese workbench : an integrated environment for Chinese writers /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13227695.
Full text
5
鄭佩芳 and Pui-fong Cheng. "A study on parts of speech, word formation, and the change of word meaning in modern Chinese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31234124.
Full text
6
Lu, Xiaofei. "Hybrid models for Chinese unknown word resolution." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1154631880.
Full text
7
馮陳善奇 and Sydney S. K. Fung. "The poetry of Han-shan in English: a culturalapproach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31224386.
Full text
8
洪進德 and Chun-tak Hung. "Chinese workbench: an integrated environment for Chinese writers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210314.
Full text
9
Nolan, J. E. "Investigations on Gor-Kan-Shan-Lien-Tan, a Chinese herbal medicine." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372346.
Full text
10
Piao, Scott. "Sentence and word alignment between Chinese and English." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/52143/.
Full text
11
Ming, Yan, Reinhold Kliegl, Hua Shu, Jinger Pan, and Xiaolin Zhou. "Parafoveal Load of Word N+1 Modulates Preprocessing Effectivenessof Word N+2 in Chinese Reading." Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5710/.
Full textAbstract:
Preview benefits (PBs) from two words to the right of the fixated one (i.e., word N+2)and associated parafoveal-on-foveal effects are critical for proposals of distributed lexical processing during reading. This experiment examined parafoveal processing during reading of Chinese sentences, using a boundary manipulation of N+2-word preview with low- and high-frequency words N+1. The main findings were (a) an identity PB for word N+2 that was (b) primarily observed when word N+1 was of high frequency (i.e., an interaction between
frequency of word N+1 and PB for word N+2), and (c) a parafoveal-on-foveal frequency effect of word N+1 for fixation durations on word N. We discuss implications for theories of serial attention shifts and parallel distributed processing of words during reading.
12
Dai, Yee-wa, and 戴綺華. "The effectiveness of component word acquisition on the first grade students' repertoire of word." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50178052.
Full textAbstract:
研究者透過課堂學習研究(Learning study, Marton, 2001)，探討「部件識字」的成效，及其對學生識字量的影響，以調整現有的小一語文教學內容及教學法，鞏固學生學習語文的根基。研究分析「部件識字」對學生識字量的影響，以及學生的識字能力能否轉移到閱讀層面。
研究以部件識字法配合變易理論進行，研究團隊設計不同教學內容及活動，透過不同策略，強化學生對「部件識字法」的認識，掌握當中的認字技巧，以提高識字能力。過程中，研究團隊先透過學生於識字前測的表現，診斷出學習難點，再定出課堂學習內容及其關鍵特徵，透過共同備課，聚焦地為特定學習內容設計教學活動。進行教學後，再透過後測檢視學生表現，利用有關數據，就學生的識字能力和識字量作量化分析。
研究結果顯示，「部件識字」對提升學生識字量的成效顯著，學生在掌握字詞形、音、義，書寫及應用字詞的能力上均有進步，亦有利學生進行字詞解碼及提前閱讀，以致識字能力能轉移到閱讀層面，有助提升閱讀能力。
Researchers investigated the effectiveness of the “Component Word Acquisition” and its influence on students’ Repertoire of Word through the Learning Study (Marton, 2001), in order to enhance the existing language teaching content and teaching methods; and to consolidate the foundation of students' language learning. The study will analyze the effect of Component Word Acquisition on students’ Repertoire of Word, and whether their abilities of literacy can be transferred to the reading level.
Assisted with the Theory of Variation in addition to Component Word Acquisition, the Research team designed different course contents and activities and a variety of strategies, in order to improve students’ Repertoire of Word and the ability of literacy. Throughout the process, the Research team based on the students’ performance in the literacy ability pre-test to diagnose their difficulties in learning, and then set the learning contents outlines and identified its critical features. Specific teaching activities to the learning content were then tailor-made through collaborative lesson planning. Afterward, the students’ performance was studied through the literacy ability post-test. Data was gathered to perform the quantitative analysis on students’ Repertoire of Word and their abilities of literacy.
The study results show that the “Component Word Acquisition” is remarkable to enhance students' Repertoire of Word, and improve their abilities of understanding the words’ forms, pronunciations and meanings, as well as words writing and application. This is also beneficial to students on word decoding, so that their abilities of literacy can be transferred to the reading level and thus to enhance their reading abilitiespublished_or_final_version
Education
Master
Master of Education
13
Liu, Lezhong. "A Corpus-based Approach to the Chinese Word Segmentation." Diss., lmu, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-56621.
Full text
14
Lau, Kai-yan Dustin, and 劉啟欣. "Compound word processing: development and disorder." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47249675.
Full textAbstract:
Compounding is one of the most productive methods to construct words in different
languages, e.g. joining the words “super” and “man” gives the compound word
“superman”. For decades, researchers are interested to know how compound words are
stored and retrieved in the lexicon. Different theories of lexical storage and retrieval of
compound words were proposed to explain the compound word processing observed in
both normal and abnormal adult subjects. However, little studies have attempted to apply
these theories to explain the developmental pattern of storage and retrieval of compound
words. To fill the gap, the major aim of the current study is to investigate the power of
different theories of lexical storage and retrieval of compound words in explaining the
typical and atypical development of compound word processing in Chinese children.
Altogether, 20 grade 2 children, 22 grade 4 children, and 17 grade 6 children
screened to have normal non-verbal intelligence and reading abilities were recruited from
a local mainstream school. Three experiments were conducted to investigate the existence
of the holistic representations of compound words and the representations of their
constituent morphemes in the lexicon, and their involvement during the compound word
retrieval processes across different grade levels.
Results show that grade 4 and grade 6 children demonstrate significant whole-word
frequency, morphological family size and semantic transparency effects in all three
experiments, a pattern which resembles that observed in normal adult subjects. The grade
2 children, however, only demonstrate significant whole-word frequency effect but not
the morphological family size and the semantic transparency effect. The results indicate
that grade 4 and grade 6 children adopt the partial-decomposed approach of compound
word storage and retrieval (e.g. Taft, 2003). As for the grade 2 children, it is hypothesized
that their performances represent a developing stage of the partial-decomposed approach,
where networks of morphological relations between family members were underdeveloped
in their lexicon.
Further investigation of the compatibility of the partial-decomposed approach in
explaining the compound word storage and retrieval pattern resulted from atypical
development was conducted. The three experiments mentioned above were administered
on 16 poor readers (PR), 16 reading-level-matched (RL) peers and 16 chronological-agematched
(CA) peers. Interestingly, the PR group’s performances resemble that of the RL
and CA group in experiments of whole-word frequency and morphological family size
but not in experiment of semantic transparency. The PR group’s performances can be
explained by assuming a deficit in identifying shared semantic features between
compound words and their constituents in the partial-decomposed approach. It is
proposed that the PR group identifies frequently occurring morphemes as salient
orthographic reading units without recognizing the shared semantic features between
compound words and their constituents.
In summary, results of the current study support the partial-decomposed approach of
lexical storage and retrieval of compound words. The current study further proposes (i) a
developing stage of the partial-decomposed approach to explain the compound word
processing within an under-developed lexicon and (ii) a deviated partial-decomposed
approach to explain the compound word processing of children with reading difficulties.published_or_final_version
Speech and Hearing Sciences
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
15
Fung, Chan Shin-kei Sydney. "The poetry of Han-shan in English : a cultural approach /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2327301x.
Full text
16
Zhang, Phyllis Ni. "Word order variation and end focus in Chinese : pragmatic functions /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1994. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/11714827.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1994.Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Clifford A. Hill. Dissertation Committee: Franklin E. Horowitz. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-128).
17
Hu, Xiaoling. "Topics in Chinese syntax : word order in synchrony and diachrony." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1196/.
Full text
18
Zheng, Zhonghua. "Chinese characters and word recognition: An analysis and a model." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5573.
Full textAbstract:
Designations have been used very inconsistently in deciphering the nature of the Chinese writing system, ranging from pictographic, ideographic, logographic, to morphemic, phonosemantic, ideophonographic, and even to logosyllabic, word syllabic, morphosyllabic, etc. Implicit in the inconsistence is a set of hypotheses that Chinese is not a phonetic script, Chinese characters are represented in the right hemisphere and thus are processed in a picture-like fashion, and that recognizing Chinese characters does not involve phonological mediation, and so on. This thesis provides a thorough discussion of the linguistic structure underlying the organization of Chinese characters, and offers a perspective on the linguistic organization and the psycholinguistic processes involved in the recognition of Chinese characters. Misconceptions and fallacies concerning Chinese characters in both linguistic and cognitive areas are challenged and clarified. The thesis begins with a linguistic analysis of Chinese characters, focussing on the formal properties around which processing interpretations revolve. It then discusses issues of visual, hemispheric and cognitive processing of Chinese characters (e.g., how a Chinese character is visually detected? are Chinese characters represented in the right hemisphere? how are they processed in the two hemispheres? under what circumstances are Chinese characters visually accessed? and through what means if a Chinese character is to be phonologically coded? etc.). Lastly, an interactive model of Chinese character recognition is proposed. It is hoped that the groundwork may serve as the basis for proper experimental psycholinguistic research in future.
19
Chen, Jing. "Character, Word, and Student Characteristics Contributing to Concept of Word in Chinese: Cross-Classified Multilevel Logistic Models." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1448290601.
Full text
20
Zhou, Xiaolin. "The mental representation of Chinese disyllabic words." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259648.
Full text
21
周韻琼 and Wan-king Janice Chow. "Urban villa for Chinese folk arts and crafts." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31986390.
Full text
22
Wen, Yun. "Behavioural and electrophysiological investigations of Chinese translation activation during English word recognition in Chinese-English bilinguals." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/43208/.
Full textAbstract:
Bilinguals have the unique ability to translate words between their languages. Although translation is a seemingly deliberate and conscious process, recent research has shown that first language (L1) translation equivalents can be automatically and quickly activated during second language (L2) word reading. Automatic translation activation strongly supports the idea of non-selective lexical access. This thesis investigates L1 (Chinese) translation activation during L2 (English) word reading in Chinese-English bilinguals, mainly through using the hidden translation repetition paradigm. In a series of behavioural and electrophysiological experiments using carefully selected stimuli, English words were subliminally or visibly presented to Chinese-English bilinguals in an attempt to seek the source of automatic translation activation (phonology: segment and/or tone, and/or orthography) and to explore to what extent translation activation is automatic. In contrast to previous studies, the behavioural investigations revealed that automatic translation only occurs for target words, which were visible to bilinguals, but not for the invisible masked primes. In addition, in the electrophysiological study, the event-related brain potentials and event-related brain oscillations provided evidence for the dominant role of Chinese segmental (consonants and vowels) activation during English word reading. Possible interpretations for these new findings are provided. Theoretical and methodological implications of the present thesis are also discussed.
23
Wong, Leung-wai, and 王良慧. "Investigating consistency and orthographic neighbourhood density effects in Chinese character processing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197118.
Full textAbstract:
With about 90% of all characters in a Chinese dictionary belonging to the semantic-phonetic compound category, Chinese orthography is really more phonetic than logographic. Previous studies have shown that regularity and consistency in the phonetic radical facilitate lexical access of phonetic compound characters. These findings are in line with the literature on lexical access of alphabetic languages, suggesting that phonology plays a common role in the process of visual word recognition across orthographies. The contradictory orthographic neighbourhood density effects found in Chinese and English studies, however, challenge the universal applicability of current models of lexical access.
This paper reports an empirical study which investigates regularity, consistency and orthographic neighbourhood density effects on the reading and naming of traditional Chinese phonetic compound characters based on Cantonese phonology. Results showed that by manipulating regularity and consistency at the body rime level, a facilitatory orthographic neighbourhood density effect could be found in lexical decision but not naming. The implication is that regularity and consistency at the level of rime (in addition to the syllable level) is functional in Chinese reading. It also suggests that the body rime might have a general role in lexical access across languages. These findings are interpreted within the connectionist and dual-route models of lexical access.published_or_final_version
Linguistics
Master
Master of Philosophy
24
Lau, Ka-po Natalie. "Semantic interference of Chinese words in the picture-word interference task /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36846181.
Full text
25
Lau, Ka-po Natalie, and 劉家寶. "Semantic interference of Chinese words in the picture-word interference task." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45007597.
Full text
26
Lu, Ching Ching, and 呂菁菁. "Chinese Word Recognition." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76563553576796520363.
Full text
27
Chou, Tsai-jung, and 周彩蓉. "A Study of Polysemous Words 'Shang' and 'Xia' in Chinese." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26051142098246236972.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
語言學研究所
87
Human beings use language to express their thoughts and ideas. Polysemy, i.e. a property that a linguistic form has more than one meaning, is common in a natural language system. This thesis attempts to furnish a cognitive perspective toward lexical semantics by the observations and analyses of related issues concerning shang (上) and xia (下). Polysemous words shang and xia can be used not only as locative words, but also as main verbs and verbal complements, and sense extension occurs ranging from spatial domain to non-spatial domain. The network of these related senses also attests to cognition as the foundation of linguistic analysis. The methodology adopted in this thesis is conceptual structure approach (Jackedoff 1983, 1990). The surface expressions concerning shang and xia are decomposed into a set of finite semantic elements, and the mapping from conceptual structures to surface forms are made possible by lexicalization patterns. Expressions of locative meaning are represented by image-schema in order to illustrate how we transform spatial configuration in physical world into linguistic forms. The mechanisms involved in sense extension are the notion of compositionality, metaphor, metonymy and inference from context or real world knowledge. The basic sense and extended senses form a radial structure category. Meanwhile, we also find that shang and xia are in the process of grammaticalization. Both sense extension and grammaticalization are motivated by the fact that vertical spatial notion is human beings' basic cognitive ability.
28
Franck, Mary E. "Chinese color word evolution/." 2002. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1525.
Full text
29
Lin, Alex, and 林士揚. "Grassroots Innovation: Chinese “Shan Zhai” Mobile Phones." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96899127038283773652.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
經營管理碩士在職專班
98
In 2008, “Shan Zhai” went mainstream, particularly “Shan Zhai” mobile phones” which have flooded China during past few years. In this process, MediaTek, the so-called king of boxing in Taiwan’s semiconductor industry, played a key role. However, can the success of “Shan Zhai” mobile phones be attributed to MediaTek only? This research expects to base on “disruptive innovation” theory to explore the development and evolution of “Shan Zhai” mobile phones value chains and the role that the Chinese government played. Through linking data to theories, this research aims to decipher the secrets of how “Shan Zhai” mobile phones achieved success and where the sources of disruptive innovation in “Shan Zhai” mobile phones came from. In this research, I found behind Mediatek's success is the development of a cheap and easy-to-develop SOC (system on chip) that integrates the software for all complex functions a mobile phone needs on a single chip. With its innovative chipset, Mediatek has lowered the barrier for producing mobile phones to a minimal level. Besides this, we also cannot neglect the fact of China’s being the world’s biggest factory agglomerated particularly at Shenzhen. The “ant army” nurtured through the whole process of supply chain formation, has been growing since the Chinese economic reform and has formed a “virtual factory” led by semiconductor firms. By using speed and cost as its main strategic advantages, this factory nibbled away like a silkworm or swallowed like a whale the market share of the Chinese mobile phone market. To the surprise of the Chinese government, the policy that was designed to create the 2nd Lenovo, Huei-Wei, or the strong intervention that was geared towards the development of China’s own telecom standard, have resulted in the rise of “Shan Zhai” mobile phones. The success of “Shan Zhai” mobile phones was an accident. As a follower, the vendors of “Shan Zhai” mobile phones were brave to try something new and create an innovative environment. Moreover, low-end customers in the countryside which consisted of the majority of China’s population, generated a lot of demand for China’s domestic market and became the major source of “grass-roots” innovation. In the end, the research came out the conclusion and contribution as the following: “Shan Zhai” mobile phones bring not only advantages but also disadvantages to suppliers across the Taiwan Strait. We can see many issues that vendors of “Shan Zhai” mobile phones are facing in the short term such as over-competition, difficult to reform, being resisted by many countries. These issues concern not only vendors of “Shan Zhai” mobile phones but also Taiwanese suppliers which locate at middle- and down- stream of the whole supply chain. Taiwan’s government should pay more attention to the economic influence of “Shan Zhai” culture across the Strait, and to compromise and negotiate with the Chinese government by establishing bilateral institutions. After all, given that the conditions of “Shan Zhai” mobile phones keeps involving and outside environment is constantly changing, Taiwanese firms can never satisfy with the currently situation, no matter system firms like EMS or supplier firms like equipments and components. They must have the attitude to increase their competitive capabilities through continuously improving technologies, speed, human resource, strategies, marketing and branding. Nobody can foresee “Shan Zhai” mobile phone will be phase-out or remain mainstream in the market so far.
30
Ho, Chia Yun, and 何佳芸. "Chinese word recognition: evidence from word superiority effect." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29309921461752611114.
Full text
31
YANG, WAN-CHUN, and 楊婉君. "The Relation of Chinese Word Clustering and Word Chunking." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36277945631514920982.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電信工程研究所
101
Word Chunking is an important task in NLP. The difference between the structure of word chunk, Part of Speech and the structure of word has effects on the recognition of word chunk. Good word chunker can be used in many applications of NLP, such as search engine, speech recognition and text to speech. Constrcuting a good Chinese word chunker is a challenging task because Chinese is more complicated than other languages in many aspects. For instances, Chinese grammar structure is very complicated, there is no boundary between words, and Chinese lexicon is large. This study focuses on Chinese word clustering and word chunking. We first use the TFIDF technique to create a lexicon with 180k words whose coverage is greater than 99%. We then find the relations of preceding-word and following-word to create feature vectors, and use symmetric Kullback-Leibler divergence (KL) to cluster words into classes. The results of word clustering are then used in two word chunking studies. One employs the condition random field (CRF) method to build a base-phrase chunk model from the Sinica Treebank Corpus. The features used include POS, information of word clusters, and sematic information in E-Hownet. In another study, we use the features of M-value and boundary entropy to find rules for chunking words and word-classes.
32
鄭茂隆. "Chinese Word Clustering for compounding." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75548826491619740204.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電信工程研究所
103
The thesis preposes to use word clustering to assist in Chinese word compounding. It first uses co-occurrence frequencies of the current word and two nearest neighboring words to define a symmetric Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) as the distance measure of two words. Using the KL distance, words of the same part-of-speech (POS) are divided into clusters. Further clustering is then performed based on semantic distance of words. The forward and backward bigrams algorithm is then applied to find highly correlated word-cluster pairs for compound-word construction. Word-cluster pairs of some unreasonable POS pairs are excluded. Besides, pseudo compound words are detected by using a stataistics-based method. The proposed method was evaluated using Sinica Treebank sentences comprising two-word basic phrases. Experimental results showed that an F-measure of 0.58 was achieved. The performance was better than the method using KLD-based clustering by 0.14. The word compounding results are then used together with POS, word length, and some word-level features to detect Chinese basic phrases. Two methods using conditional random field (CRF) and support vector machine (SVM) are studied. Experimental results on the Sinica Treebank Corpus showed that the F-measure of the SVM-based method is 0.857 which is 0.011 better than that of the CRF-based method
33
Chen, Shan-Long, and 陳山龍. "The study of Chinese Word." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97670729667497026044.
Full text
34
Lou, Yi-Hsuan, and 樓逸軒. "Using the Word Restructure Method to Improve Chinese Word Segmentation." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jf7r73.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
資訊管理研究所
104
In this paper, we propose a word restructure method which is based on simple probability to reorganize the high probabilities combinations of Chinese sentences after Chinese segment processes, also use word restructure method to conduct terms restructure, computing of restructure probability and comparing of restructure combinations, then generate the higher probability of restructure combinations to represent word units. Finally, use CBMI to achieve optimized Chinese word segmentation of two or more terms. CKIP has great segment performance in terms of short length by 99.69%, but the accuracy and segment performance will have biased error within the terms of length increase. Hung proposed CBMI that added the domain concepts from WOMs and modified the fitness function of Genetic Algorithm which use the statistical technique of Mutual Information to enhance segmentation results more correctly and efficiently, it can find not only the relevance between Chinese words but also increase the influence of domain concepts and Chinese words connections. In this paper, we proposed a processes of Chinese word segmentation which are (1) CKIP, (2) Word Restructure and (3) CBMI to improve CKIP results of Chinese word segmentation, also (1) and (3) can change other Chinese word segmentation to show the applicability of this processes. Otherwise, we improve the CBMI which added the factor of terms length to influence the computing of weightings in GA fitness function. Finally, by the comparison of this proposed model, CKIP for domain classification of Chinese documentation, we then can conclude which has better performances in Chinese word segmentation. We also take three different domain concepts WOMs (movie, food and cosmetic reviews) which are crawled on the internet as datasets for experiments in this paper. As the results, the Chinese segmentation model which we proposed has the best performance of accuracy in move and food domain datasets.
35
Huang, Pei-ru, and 黃珮茹. "Research on constructing Chinese word-relationship ontology to improve word selection in English-to-Chinese translation." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44507865443137884003.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
資訊管理學系
98
Translation between languages is a high challenge work due to difficulties occurred during the translation process. Mapping and analysis between sentence structures, proper semantic selection of polysemous words, translation of idioms, and so on are major factors causing difficulties in translation between different language systems. Because of the above factors, machine language translators cannot meet users’ sa-tisfaction even thought they have been published for years. The research emphasizes on Chinese word selection in English-to-Chinese translation, especially on polysemous words. The associated relationships among Chinese words are discovered to construct an ontology. The Chinese word-relationship ontology is capable of improve the accuracy in English-to-Chinese translation. The exact meaning of a word is determined on its part of speech and its associated pre-words and post-words in the sentence. In this thesis research, five rules which con-tain important and meaningful part of speech such as verb, noun, adjective, adverb, are established to detect word relationships and word status of translating language in a sentence. They are (R1) noun + noun; (R2) adjective + noun; (R3) adverb + verb; (R4) noun + verb, and (R5) verb + noun. By recursively applying these rules along with the knowledge in the Chinese word-relationship ontology, the Chinese translation of the English word is determined. Our experiments showed that use of the ontology and increase the number of rules in the ontology can improve the accuracy of word selection obviously.
36
Chen, Train-Min, and 陳春敏. "Morphological Encoding in Chinese Word Production." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94717112452368421826.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立中正大學
心理學所
95
The dissertation investigated the issue of whether the production of a Mandarin Chinese word involves the processing of its constituent morphemes. Experiments 1-6 employed the implicit priming task. In the task, the participants first learned a set of word pairs, the members of which were associatively related. Then, they were shown the first word of each pair and had to say out loud the second word as quickly and correctly as possible. When the second words to be produced in a block shared the initial portion, production latencies were typically shorter than when they did not share the initial portion. This has been referred to as the implicit priming effect. Experiment 1 demonstrated a reliable implicit priming effect when the disyllabic compound words to be spoken shared the first tonal syllable (i.e., syllable plus tone), but the effect did not vary whether the shared tonal syllables had the same orthography. Experiment 2 showed that the implicit priming effect was observable only when the disyllabic compound words to be spoken shared the first character, but not when they shared the second character. Experiment 3 showed that characters and their corresponding tonal syllables produced equal sizes of implicit priming effect. This was replicated in Experiment 4 using disyllabic monomorphemic words. Experiment 5 observed comparable implicit priming effects whether or not the shared characters corresponded to the same morpheme. Experiment 6 showed that the implicit priming effect of the shared morpheme was insensitive to the frequency of the morpheme. The combined evidence from the implicit priming task gave no support for the involvement of morpheme in Chinese word production. To examine whether the null results were restricted to the implicit priming task, the picture-word interference task was adopted in the next set of experiments. The task involved having participants name a picture while ignoring a distractor word that was morphologically related to the name of the picture (overlapped on morpheme, character, and tonal syllable), character related to it (overlapped on character, and tonal syllable), phonologically related to it (overlapped on tonal syllable), semantically related to it (overlapped on meaning), or unrelated to it. Under the conditions when the distractor word preceded the picture by 100 ms (i.e., SOA = -100 ms), there were reliable effects for morphologically and character related trials (both being facilitatory), but not for semantically or phonologically related trials. When the distractor word was directly superposed on the picture (i.e., SOA = 0 ms), there were reliable facilitatory effects for morphologically, character, and phonologically related trials. At both SOAs, morphological facilitation was equal to character facilitation, and character facilitation was greater than phonological facilitation. When the pictures were replaced by their names and the SOA was set at -100 ms, the results showed reliable morphological, character, and phonological facilitations, all of equal size. Finally, when the distractor word and the paired picture were separated by 7-10 unrelated trials (words or pictures), the result showed reliable morphological and character facilitations, and morphological facilitation was slightly greater (by 8 ms) than character facilitation. The evidence from the picture-word interference task suggested that constituent morphemes are processed in the course of word production in Chinese, but they contribute very little to the outcome of word production. The dissertation concludes with a discussion of why such might be the case.
37
Lin, Qian-Xiang, and 林千翔. "Chinese Word Segmentation using Specialized HMM." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jea684.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
資訊工程研究所
94
The first step in Chinese language processing tasks is word segmentation. Various methods have been proposed to address this problem in previous studies, e.g. heuristic-based approaches, statistical-based approaches, etc. HMM is a statistical machine learning approach that has been successfully applied in many fields, e.g. POS tagging, shallow parsing, and so on. However, we find that standard HMM achieved only 80% results in Chinese word segmentation. As is commonly known, segmentation ambiguity and unknown word occurrence are two main problems in Chinese word segmentation. In this paper, we proposed a two-stage specialized HMM by incorporating these information into the model. In the first stage, we combine the maximum matching heuristics to incorporate segmentation ambiguity and use a masking approach to handle unknown word information. By extending the observation symbols, the proposed M-HMM is improved from 0.812 to 0.953 in F-measure. At the second stage, we use lexicalization technique to further enrich HMM performance. The idea is to add new state symbols for high frequency characters or high tagging error symbols. Experimental results show that Lexicalized M-HMM is improved from 0.953 to 0.963 in F-measure.
38
Wu, Yi-An, and 吳怡安. "Word Sense Disambiguation with Chinese Wordnet." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07643624890039959381.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
語言學研究所
104
The aim of the thesis attempts to establish a sense tagger for the Chinese Wordnet, which is an important representations of lexical semantics and provides distinction of senses and lexical semantic relations. The construction of the sense tagger requires the techniques of Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), which is an old but still unsolved problem in Natural Language Processing (NLP). The approaches of the study involve the supervised learning methods and the neural word embeddings for certain lexical samples. The training corpora are the human annotated texts from Sinica Corpus and PTT Corpus. The LOPE Text Analytics, which is the implementation of the study, provides several applications including sense tagger and other text analytic modules for researchers.
39
Pei-fen, Lee, and 李佩芬. "Chinese Bilingual Children’s Word Definition Skill." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84977086321186624510.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
語言學研究所
89
The aim of this study is to examine the word definition skills of three different groups of Chinese bilingual children. These three bilingual groups are: (1) Mandarin-English bilingual children in an immersion program (ME-I); (2) Mandarin-English bilingual children in a bilingual program (ME-B); (3) Mandarin-Taiwanese bilingual children in a monolingual program (MT-M). There are also three age levels: (1) middle class in the kindergarten (K2); (2) top class in the kindergarten (K3); and (3) first grade in the elementary school (G1). In addition to the Chinese word definition task, these children’s language proficiency in three languages (Mandarin, English, Taiwanese), comprehension of related superordinate terms and their flexibility in classifying various sorts of objects were also examined as controls. One of our major concerns is on the possible differences on the metalinguistic development of these three bilingual groups. Results from the word definition task indicated that Mandarin-English bilinguals of first graders who had once enrolled in an immersion program perform significantly better than their Mandarin-Taiwanese counterparts as well as the Mandarin-English bilinguals in the bilingual program. The differences between Mandarin-English bilinguals in immersion program and Mandarin-Taiwanese bilinguals in monolingual program would be caused by their different route in acquiring the second language while the differences between the two types of Mandarin-English bilinguals would be caused by their different amounts of input of the second language. In the two control tasks, the comprehension of the superordinate term and the object classification task, no differences were found among these three different groups. Besides, the possibility that the source of the significant growth in word definition might come from these children’s better language proficiency was also excluded by further examination. To conclude, only bilingual children who receive second language education at school with enough stimuli will show better metalinguistic skills.
40
Ming-Yu, Lin, and 林銘裕. "The Study in Chinese Word Segmentation." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88008624061686807896.
Full text
41
Chen, Qiyou. "Dang dai shan shui xiao pin wen yan jiu." 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18830707.html.
Full text
42
Zhan, Jia-Cheng, and 詹嘉丞. "Handling Non-Traditional Chinese Words in a Chinese Word Segmentation System." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99452650729173633924.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
資訊工程學系
97
This paper propose methods to handle non-Traditional Chinese words in a Traditional Chinese article when doing word segmentation. The cases of non-Traditional Chinese words include Japanese names (whether written in Japanese Kanji or Chinese), variant forms, and foreign words. Both input sentence and output sentence of our Chinese word segmentation is coded in UTF-8 to allow multi-language writing in one sentence. Besides using a dictionary, we also developed identification rules for many special word classes, including temporal expressions, numerical expressions, and person names. These resources are used to propose candidate words in the input sentence. All possible segmentation paths are then generated. The one with the highest probability is proposed as the final segmentation result. The sets of person name and number classes are huge and infinite. They also cause higher ambiguity in word segmentation. So we use their class probabilities instead of individual word probabilities to calculate the probability of segmentation. When dealing with person names, we propose a new model, name pattern probability model, to capture the probability of seeing a certain name pattern in an article. Experimental results show that the newly added probability model is helpful. When dealing with Japanese names, we need to map the writings into Chinese. We propose a method to map variant Hanzi into Traditional Chinese characters. By doing so, it is possible for our system to handle names written in Japanese Kanji and Chinese in the same sentence. With proposing candidate words of special word classes and Japanese or Chinese person names, the F-measure score of our word segmentation is improved from 94.16% to 96.23%. Moreover, 109 news articles with hand-tagged Japanese names are also tested. 81.4% of 862 Japanese names are correctly generated. The method of mapping variants can also be used to generate variant terms of Traditional Chinese words. By doing so, it is possible to propose all candidates whenever they are written in Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, or variant forms.
43
Lin, Chun-Wei, and 林俊偉. "Searching Documents with Composite Chinese Word Segmentations." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26152106905264225206.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
企業管理研究所
98
In natural language, “word” is the most basic element. Owing to an article is constituted by lots of words; we must separate those words apart first then go to research. Because there is no word-spacing in Chinese article, like the one as the boundary between every word in English article; therefore, we need to divide Chinese words through Word Segmentation from the very first beginning then go to further analysis. In Chinese Word Segmentation Process, CKIP in Academia Sinica is the most prominent. However, due to the design principle of CKIP has been constrained by the words only in the data, as for the words not included (named Unidentified Word) are hardly to sort out correct word segmentation result. The purpose of this research is to solve the problem of Unidentified Word: to raise the accuracy of Word Segmentation System for further Keyword, which is really able to be represented the whole article, Search Processing. The foundation of this research is the result from Chinese Word Segmentation System, and I tried to combine the result to piece up the complete lexicon and original meaning, compensating for the deficiency of undiscovered when Unidentified Word being separated. Afterward I snatched further Keyword through the original word segmentation result and combined lexicon. The results showed that precision and recall of composite Chinese word segmentation are much better than CKIP and Google, it also verify the validity of the system.
44
Peng, Shu-Chen, and 彭淑貞. "Chinese Bilingual Children''s Word Learning Strategies." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39730357575423044211.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
語言學研究所
87
The mutual exclusivity constraint, which is suggested to be one of the most often used strategies when children learn new words, refers to the finding that children often avoid two labels for the same object (Markman, 1994). This constraint is generally considered to have four effects-disambiguation, correction, rejection, and restriction effects (Merriman & Bowman, 1989). Davidson et al. (1997) further showed that the mutual exclusivity constraint would be affected by bilingualism; that is, bilingual children did not use the constraint as extensively as that of monolingual children. Pursuing this line of inquiry, the present study focused on Mandarin-Taiwanese bilingual children''s use of the mutual exclusivity constraint. Following Davidson et al. (1997), the present study comprised three tests; namely, the disambiguation test, the rejection test, and the restriction test, to examine whether bilingualism would affect children''s use of the mutual exclusivity constraints. Furthermore, these tests were accessed in three different input conditions, to examine these children''s sensitivities to different language inputs. These different input conditions included: (1) All-Mandarin: Throughout the test, only Mandarin was used, including the target artificial words; (2) Mixed-code: Throughout the test, only Mandarin was used, except that the target artificial names resemble to Taiwanese words in terms of phonological shapes; (3) All-Taiwanese: Throughout the test, only Taiwanese was used, including the target artificial words. 38 monolingual Mandarin-speaking and 58 Mandarin-Taiwanese bilingual children participated in the three tests, including younger (4-year-old) and older (6-year-old) ones. The results indicated that the influence of bilingualism was only significantly different in the restriction test. Bilingual children tended to suspend the use of the mutual exclusivity constraint more often than monolingual ones did. Besides, our results indicated that children''s sensitivities to different languages were influenced by bilingualism. In the disambiguation test and the restriction test, children of the bilingual group were more sensitive to different language inputs than monolingual children were. However, our results supported that neither children''s applications of the mutual exclusivity constraint nor their sensitivity to different language inputs were influenced by their developmental pattern, except that in the disambiguation test, only younger children of the monolingual group were sensitive to different language inputs, while older ones were not. Taken together, the findings of the present study suggested that young bilinguals in Taiwan are sensitive to the type of language they are spoken to and would invoke different learning strategies accordingly.
45
yi, Lin hsin, and 林欣怡. "Segmental Mismatch in Chinese Spoken Word Recognition." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27324463728021840592.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄師範大學
聽力學與語言治療研究所
96
The purpose of the study was to investigate if phonological priming effect would be observed when the prime mismatches with the target by one segment in first constituent of Chinese disyllabic words. The study was a cross-modal priming paradigm, where an auditory disyallabic stimulus was followed by a disyllabic word or nonword visually presented. Subjects made lexical decision responses to disyllabic words or nonwords. In Experiment 1, the consonant in first position of word was varied, with the other part of word being held constant. Experiment 2, the vowel in first position of word was varied, with the other part of word being held constant. In the two experiments, the priming effect was not observed when the prime mismatches the onset syllable of disyllabic words by one segment. The results seemed to be consistent with the Cohort model which imposed the most stringent restriction as to the membership of the candidate word set, but against the TRACE model and the model of lexical representation of Chinese disyllabic words (Zhou & Marslen-Wilson, 1994）
46
Chen, Young-Teh, and 陳永德. "Using Word Segmentational Rules of Long word first, frequency contrast and front word first in reading Chinese." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01258303667318395067.
Full text
47
Tyng, Lim Uei, and 林威廷. "Development of Fo Guang Shan in Malaysia’s Chinese Community – Research study on Fo Guang Shan Monastery in Johor Bahru." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71251029700375872606.
Full text
48
HUANG, SHI-ZHE, and 黃士哲. "The study of environmental perception of Chinese landscape (shan-shui) painters." Thesis, 1987. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34834404236822693350.
Full text
49
Mei, Lin Ju, and 林如美. "Distributed word recognition teaching and Chinese Characters in groups teaching in word recognition difficulties student's word recognition performance." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46934930829903599578.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東師範學院
特殊教育學系碩士班
94
Abstract The major purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness between the method of “Chinese Characters in groups teaching” to the method of “Distributed word recognition teaching” with three of Three-Grade elementary students with word recognition difficulties. The effectiveness included evaluation word recognition performance in the alternating and maintaining stage, and learning attitude of two methods. The research method adopted in this study was alternating treatment design of single subject research including base line stage, alternating stage, and maintaining stage. The findings were concluded as follow： 1. The alternating stage：The effectiveness of “ Distributed word recognition teaching” method was better than “Chinese Characters in groups teaching ”method in the word recognition performance of the subject. 2. The maintaining stage: The effectiveness of “ Distributed word recognition teaching” method was better than “Chinese Characters in groups teaching ” method in the word recognition performance of the subject. 3. Different assessment stage: The students’ performance of immediate phase was better than that of maintaining phase after the experimental instruction program had been completed. 4. Different assessment methods: The students performed the best in the word-recognition with context clues between two methods. 5. Error type analysis: In base line stage, alternating stage and maintaining phase, two word-recognition teachings had similar error types. But, there were some difference between two methods. 6. Learning attitude: Three students had different attitude toward two methods. They displayed less attention when the researcher use “Chinese Characters in groups teaching ”method. According to the results above, the researcher provided some recommendations to the further relevant studies and teachers to teach students with word recognition difficulties.
50
Chuang, Chun-Yu, and 莊淳宇. "Computer Word Entry Modifies Processing of Chinese Characters." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85540224337716639904.
Full text