Academic literature on the topic 'Shanghai 2: Dragon's Eye'

Purpose. To analyze how keratic precipitate (KP) morphology changes during Posner–Schlossman syndrome (PSS) prognosis and raise medication suggestions on 2% ganciclovir eye drops. Materials and Methods. Clinical retrospective cohort study in the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. The attacked eyes of 98 eligible subjects diagnosed unilateral PSS were enrolled between 2016 and 2019. All patients were treated with intraocular pressure-lowering drugs and anti-inflammatory steroids. 2% ganciclovir eye drops were given to cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) correction ratio positive patients. Frequent follow-ups and examinations were performed. KP morphology was focused and categorized into coin-shaped, mutton-fat, and pigmented. Medical histories were noted. Multidimensional analysis was given. Results. Totally 47 patients in 98 achieved all-KP disappearance. Mean treatment time was (5.13 ± 3.66) weeks. Total KP disappearance was negatively correlated with mutton-fat and pigmented KPs at the first visit ( P = 0.020 , P = 0.007 ) and treatment time was also longer ( P = 0.018 , P = 0.014 ). Mean cumulative steroids dosage for 47 subjects was (159.66 ± 161.84) drops. CMV IgG correction ratio positive patients had smaller corneal endothelial cell density ( P < 0.005 ) and larger cup-to-disc ratio ( P = 0.017 ) than negative subjects. Cumulative steroid treatment time was longer in the CMV-positive group, and overall dosage was also larger. However, due to 2% ganciclovir eye drops, daily steroid dosage was lower in the CMV-positive group. Conclusions. The disappearance of mutton-fat and pigmented KPs needed longer treatment time. Paired aqueous humor and serum CMV IgG tests were recommended in PSS patients with coin-shaped KPs. 2% ganciclovir eye drops improved prognosis; and steroids dosage reduced significantly.

Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is one of the most economically important diseases of cultivated grapevines (Vitis vinifera), causing decrease in yield, as well as decreasing the sugar levels and increasing the acidity of the berries (1). There are currently at least 10 serologically distinct viruses, referred to as grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs), from the family Closteroviridae that are associated with leafroll disease (4). China is one of the world's leading grape producers, and nearly 75% of the vineyards in China are located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and Hebei, Shandong, Gansu, Ningxia, and Yunnan provinces. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 7 (GLRaV-7) isolates have been reported so far in Liaoning (GQ849392, GQ849393, and JF927943) and Henan (EF093187) provinces in China (3). The four Chinese isolates were isolated respectively from grape varieties, Cabernet Sauvignon (GQ849392, GQ849393), Centennial Seedless (JF927943), and Semillon (EF093187), and these grape varieties are introduced from abroad. Cow's Nipple and Dragon's Eye are old grape varieties native to China. Cow's nipple is extensively cultivated in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, while Dragon's Eye is widely planted in Heibei Province. To determine if GLRaV-7 was present in these two varieties, six samples (three per variety) were collected from six individual grapevines showing GLD-like symptoms in two vineyards in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Hebei Province, respectively, in September 2011. Total RNA extracts obtained from phloem scrapings of samples using the RNeasy plant mini kit (QIAGEN) were tested by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with primers F1 (5′-TATATCCCAACGGAGATGGC-3′) and R1 (5′-ATGTTCCTCCACCAAAATCG-3′) (2) specific to the heat shock protein 70 homologue (HSP-70 gene) of GLRaV-7. All samples produced a single band of the expected size of 502 bp. One GLRaV-7-specific amplicon per variety was cloned into pMD 18-T simple vector (TaKaRa). Plasmid DNA was purified using Column Plasmid DNAOUT (TIANDZ, Beijing, China) from three individual clones and sequenced from both directions. The sequence of the two isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. JX494722 and JX494723) shared 97.81% identity at the nucleotide level and 100% identity at the amino acid level. A pairwise comparison of HSP-70 sequences of the two isolates from this report with nine corresponding sequences of GLRaV-7 isolates (including four previously reported Chinese isolates) showed nucleotide sequence identities ranging from 91.24% (EF093187) to 98.80% (GQ849392). These samples were further analyzed by double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using antibody specific to GLRaV-7 (NEOGEN Europe, Ayr, Scotland) according to the manufacturer's instructions, and the results confirmed the presence of the virus in these samples that were positive by RT-PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GLRaV-7 occurring in native grape varieties in China. These results could be helpful in developing sound diagnostic systems for implementing efficient disease management strategies. References: (1) B. Akbas et al. Hort. Sci. 36:97, 2009. (2) E. Engel et al. Plant Dis. 92:1252, 2008. (3) X. Fan et al. Acta Hortic. Sinica 39:949, 2012. (4) G. P. Martelli. Extended Abstr. 16th Meet. International Council for the Study of Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Grapevines (ICVG). 15-23, 2009.

Purpose. To evaluate the clinical classification and characteristics of hereditary optic neuropathy patients in a single center in China. Method. Retrospective case study. Patients diagnosed with hereditary optic neuropathy between January 2014 and December 2015 in the neuro-ophthalmology division in Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University were recruited. Clinical features as well as visual field, brain/orbital MRI, and spectrum domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were analyzed. Results. Eighty-two patients diagnosed by gene test were evaluated, including 66 males and 16 females. The mean age of the patients was 19.4 years (range, 5–46 years). A total of 158 eyes were analyzed, including 6 unilateral, 61 bilateral, and 15 sequential. The median duration of the disease was 0.5 year (range, 0.1–20 years). Genetic test identified 68 patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, 9 with dominant optic neuropathy, and 2 with a Wolfram gene mutation. There was also one case of hereditary spastic paraplegia, spinocerebellar ataxia, and polymicrogyria with optic nerve atrophy, respectively. Conclusion. Leber hereditary optic neuropathy is the most common detected type of hereditary optic neuropathy in Shanghai, China. The detection of other autosomal mutations in hereditary optic neuropathy is limited by the currently available technique.

Objective. To describe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient presentations requiring otolaryngology consultation and provide recommendations for protective measures based on the experience of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) departments in 4 Chinese hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study Design. Retrospective case series. Setting. Multicenter. Subjects and Methods. Twenty hospitalized COVID-19 patients requiring ENT consultation from 3 designated COVID-19 hospitals in Wuhan, Shanghai, and Shenzhen were identified. Data on demographics, comorbidities, COVID-19 symptoms and severity, consult reason, treatment, and personal protective equipment (PPE) use were collected and analyzed. Infection control strategies implemented for ENT outpatients and emergency room visits at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University were reported. Results. Median age was 63 years, 55% were male, and 95% were in severe or critical condition. Six tracheotomies were performed. Posttracheotomy outcomes were mixed (2 deaths, 2 patients comatose, all living patients still hospitalized). Other consults included epistaxis, pharyngitis, nasal congestion, hyposmia, rhinitis, otitis externa, dizziness, and tinnitus. At all hospitals, powered air-supply filter respirators (PAPRs) were used for tracheotomy or bleeding control. PAPR or N95-equivalent masks plus full protective clothing were used for other complaints. No inpatient ENT providers were infected. After implementation of infection control strategies for outpatient clinics, emergency visits, and surgeries, no providers were infected at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University. Conclusions and Relevance. COVID-19 patients require ENT consultation for many reasons, including tracheotomy. Otolaryngologists play an indispensable role in the treatment of COVID-19 patients but, due to their work, are at high risk of exposure. Appropriate protective strategies can prevent infection of otolaryngologists.

Purpose. To clarify the distribution of corneal spherical aberrations (SAs) in cataract patients with different corneal astigmatism and axial length. Setting. Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science of the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Design. Retrospective case series. Methods. The axial length, corneal SAs, and other corneal biometrics were collected in cataract patients with Pentacam HR and IOLMaster 500. The statistical analysis of the corneal SAs was based on the stratification of axial length and anterior corneal astigmatism. Results. In total, 6747 eyes of 6747 patients were recruited, with 2416 eyes (58.17 ± 16.81 years old) in the astigmatism group (anterior corneal astigmatism ≥1 D) and others (61.82 ± 12.64 years old) in the control group. In patients with astigmatism <2 D, the total and anterior SAs decreased as the axial length increased (P<0.001). The total corneal SAs of patients with astigmatism of 2-3 D stabilized at around 0.29 μm, whereas those of patients with anterior corneal astigmatism ≥3 D tended to be variable. Age and anterior corneal astigmatism had positive and negative effects, respectively, on SA in the regression model. Conclusions. Axial length has a negative effect on the anterior and total corneal SAs, which stabled around 0.33 μm and 0.30 μm in patients with axial length of ≥26 mm, respectively. Individualized SA adjustments are essential for patients undergoing aspheric toric IOL implantation with preoperative anterior corneal astigmatism of 1-2 D or ≥3 D. Toric IOLs with a negative SA of −0.20 μm are recommended for patients with anterior corneal astigmatism of 2-3 D if no customized therapy is warranted.

Objectives. To explore the role of internal astigmatism (IA) in the growth of axial length (AL) in school-age children. Methods. Total astigmatism (TA), corneal astigmatism (CA), and AL of all children in Jing’an District 2nd Centre Primary School in Shanghai were measured. In IA, the difference between TA and CA was also calculated using vector analysis. The association of axial length with IA, genders, and age was analyzed using linear regression. The difference of IA between both eyes was also calculated. The AL between both eyes was compared using paired samples t-test when DIA = 0 D, <0.5 D, and ≥0.5 D. Results. Six hundred and twelve cases (98.23%) in 623 children aged 7–12 yrs older entered into the study. Genders, age, and IA all affected AL. This could be represented by a linear regression line in the form AL = 21.46 − 0.43∗gender + 0.22∗age + 0.46∗IA (male = 1, female = 2; t=7.01, P<0.01 for sex; t=11.6, P<0.01 for age; and t=6.6, P<0.01 for IA; R2=0.16). The AL in the eye with larger IA was also longer when DIA was larger than 0.5 D (t=2.65, P<0.01). Conclusions. IA was observed to be associated with AL and might be a risk factor of the onset and progress of myopia in school-age children.

National Science and Technology Prizes. Virologist Hou Yunde won the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award. Highlights from the State Natural Science Award. Highlights from the State Technological Invention Award. Breakthrough: Chinese researchers cloned monkeys using Dolly’s cloning method. Chinese GM rice approved by U.S. FDA. Chinese Government supports TCM innovations. First bio-safety level four lab put into operation in Wuhan. New way to develop flu vaccines. New genome research project in China. Chinese scientists enhance e-skin sensory capability. Gene technology start-up offers genetic testing to trace ancestry. Genetic basis for biological motion perception and linkage to autistic traits. Novel drug efflux pump in gram-positive bacteria. China FDA approves new once-weekly Bydureon to improve glycemic control in patients with Type-2 Diabetes. Illumina and KingMed Diagnostics partner to develop next-generation sequencing technology for Chinese FDA approval. Varian and Ping An sign MoU to expand access to high quality cancer care in China. Eisai completes construction of oral solid dose production facility at new Suzhou plant in China. Ping An Technology sets world records in international medical imaging evaluation. Marken opens new kit building facility in Shanghai. ASLAN Pharmaceuticals announces shortened timeline to commercialisation for varlitinib in China. ASLAN Pharmaceuticals appoints Stephen Doyle as head of China. HKUST Scientists reveal how human brains keep balance.

Abstract Sleep disorders are common non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The characteristics and impact of multiple comorbid sleep disorders remain to be elucidated. Our goal was to investigate the characteristics of various sleep disorder comorbidities, and their association with motor complications and the impact on the quality of life in PD patients. In this multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study, data concerning the clinical characteristics of complicated sleep disorders were collected from PD patients treated at 40 different hospitals in Shanghai. Sleep disorders were evaluated using the PD Sleep Scale-2, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Questionnaire-Hong Kong, and the International Restless Legs Scale. Among the 1006 subjects evaluated, 77.53% exhibited signs of sleep disorders, and most had multiple sleep disorders (n = 502, 49.9%). A smaller percentage of patients with sleep disorders had a single disorder (n = 278, 27.6%). Furthermore, an increased number of sleep disorders, including nighttime problems, excessive daytime sleepiness, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, and restless legs syndrome was a significant contributor to a poor quality of life (β = 4.33, CI: 3.33–5.33, P for trend <0.001), even when controlling for multiple factors. Moreover, motor complications partially mediated this relationship (indirect effect: β = 0.355, 95% boot CI: 0.134, 0.652).Our study showed that a large proportion of PD patients suffer from multiple comorbid sleep disorders, which greatly decreases the quality of life in PD patients and is partially mediated by motor complications.