Journal articles: 'Shanghai (China) – Description and travel'

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Wu, Hao, Yong Chen, and Junfeng Jiao. "Impact of Neighborhood Built Environments on Shopping Travel Modes in Shanghai, China." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 8 (May 3, 2019): 669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119844969.

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Walking is one of the most widely used means of transport. Neighborhood built environments have a direct influence on individuals’ daily commuting, recreational travel patterns, and shopping travel behavior. In Chinese cities, shopping activities are among the most frequent reasons for daily travel. Yet, research on the impact of neighborhood built environments on people’s shopping travel activities in high-density cities is limited. To fill this research gap, this study investigates how neighborhood built environments might affect pedestrians’ shopping travel activities in Shanghai, China. The data, which includes shopping travel patterns, perceived environmental characteristics, and individual socioeconomic status, were collected from a survey of 21 randomly selected neighborhoods in Shanghai in 2011. In total, data from 2,838 samples (participants) were collected. Multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate how neighborhood built environments affect residents’ choice of travel mode for shopping, that is, the likelihood of taking transit, driving, or biking vs. walking. Results showed that nearly half of people surveyed (43.3%) used walking as their primary shopping mode. Road network density, presence of primary schools, and average sidewalk width were positively correlated with the likelihood of using walking as the primary shopping mode. Gender, age, and car ownership were also significant in the model.

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Li, Linbo, Mengfei Cao, Yufang Bai, and Ziqi Song. "Analysis of Public Transportation Competitiveness Based on Potential Passenger Travel Intentions: Case Study in Shanghai, China." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 4 (March 21, 2019): 823–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119825648.

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The primary goal of this paper is to identify the influence factors of public transportation (PT) competitiveness as related to potential passengers through an analysis of travel intentions. The logistic regression model is utilized to analyze PT travel intentions of people who commute daily by car in Shanghai, China. Through comparing the service quality of PT and of car from five aspects (i.e., comfort, timeliness, reliability, economics, and safety), the significant influence factors are identified. The results reveal that the difference in service quality between PT travel and car travel is insignificant for safety and convenience, while comfort, reliability, and economics matter most to the willingness to travel via PT. In addition, increasing the cost of car travel and improving the service quality of PT are both helpful in attracting car users to switch travel mode and enhancing PT competitiveness. The findings and suggestions will provide support to decisions in PT development policy making.

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Gao, Linjie, Zhicai Juan, Anning Ni, and Peng Jing. "The Effect of Travel Information on Travelers’ Choice of Travel Modes and Routes: A Case Study of the Travel between the Campuses." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/781395.

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The traffic state of the urban road network is determined by travelers’ choices of travel modes and routes. With the development of science and technology, people tend to have more travel choices and their distinctive temperaments often lead to different choices even in the same situation. Therefore, a study of different factors that may affect people’s travel choices plays a crucial role in the optimization of the traffic system. Focusing on the four major travel modes between Minhang campus and Xuhui campus of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) in Shanghai, China, this paper tries to gather the information of the factors that affect travel choices and the extent of such effects both in general cases and when prior information is given by means of questionnaires. Based on data processing, the paper draws pie charts on the travel choices under different circumstances and makes a qualitative analysis of the influential factors. Then, a quantitative analysis is made by using the models of utility function and linear programming. Finally, in contrast with the results, the paper finds out the extent of the effect of travel information on the choice of travel modes and routes of the travelers with different temperaments.

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Liu, Xiaoning, Linjie Gao, Anning Ni, and Nan Ye. "Understanding Better the Influential Factors of Commuters’ Multi-Day Travel Behavior: Evidence from Shanghai, China." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010376.

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Alleviating traffic congestion and developing sustainable transportation systems in a city can be assisted by promoting environmentally friendly transportation modes such as walking, cycling, and public transport. Strategies for promoting these desirable transportation modes can be identified based on a sound understanding of how commuters choose travel modes. In this study, multi-day commuting travel mode data was used to explore factors that influenced commute mode choice. A multinomial logit model and a binary logit model were proposed to study commuter travel behavior. The results showed the following. (1) Age, gender, and marriage indirectly influence the commute mode choice; (2) The cost of travel mode has little effect on commute mode choice; (3) The probability of commute mode change mainly influences the car mode choice; (4) The number of transfer times and the distance to the nearest public transport stations are main factors that restrict commuters from choosing public transport; (5) The number of bicycles in the family and commute distance are main factors that restrict commuters from choosing cycling for commuting. Based on these findings, several potential measures are demonstrated to policymakers and transportation planners to alleviate traffic congestion and develop sustainable transportation systems.

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Zhong, Jiayu, Xin Ye, Ke Wang, and Dongjin Li. "A Modeling Analysis of Impact from E-Hailing Service on Non-Work Travel Mode in Shanghai, China." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 47 (August 25, 2018): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118792324.

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With the rapid development of mobility services, e-hailing service have been highly prevalent and e-hailing travel has become a part of daily life in many cities in China. At the same time, travelers’ mode choice behaviors have been influenced to some degree by different factors, and in this paper, a web-based retrospective survey initially conducted in Shanghai, China is used to analyze the extent to which various factors are influencing mode choice behaviors. Then, a multinomial-logit-based mode choice model is developed to incorporate the e-hailing auto mode as a new travel mode for non-work trips. The developed model can help to identify influential factors and quantify their impact on mode choice probabilities. The developed model involves a variety of explanatory variables including e-hailing/taxi fare, bus travel time, rail station access/egress distance, trip distance, car in-vehicle travel time as well as travelers’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, etc. The model indicates that the e-hailing fare, travel companions and some travelers’ characteristics (e.g., age, income, etc.) are significant factors influencing the choice of e-hailing mode. The alternative-specific constant in the e-hailing utility equation is adjusted to match the observed market share of the e-hailing mode. Based on the developed model, elasticities of LOS attributes are computed and discussed. The research methods used in this paper have the potential to be applied to investigate travel behavior changes under the influence of emerging travel modes. The research findings can aid in evaluating policies to manage e-hailing services and improve their levels of services.

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Liang, Huilin, and Qingping Zhang. "Assessing the public transport service to urban parks on the basis of spatial accessibility for citizens in the compact megacity of Shanghai, China." Urban Studies 55, no. 9 (June 13, 2017): 1983–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017705846.

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Urban parks and public transport are indispensable elements of a compact megacity for their environmental and social values. However, few measures of urban park accessibility have considered the public transport travel mode. Based on the framework of geographic information systems (GIS) network analysis, this study proposes an innovative method to incorporate public transport travel mode into urban park accessibility evaluations. Taking Shanghai, China, as the study area, we measured home to park and park from home travel times on multi-modal transport networks, calculated the accessibilities by multiple equations, and compared accessibilities for different districts. These methods extend current accessibility measures by calculating accessibility at a realistic level, and provide a measure of public transport service for urban parks. The results for Shanghai show that approximately 99.95% of home to park routes might include public transport. The distribution of home to park public transport accessibility of the city was uneven. The patches with best accessibility tend to be distributed in the built-up area in the city centre. Public transport access to urban parks is inhomogeneous for different districts, because of urban park locations, road network characteristics, and uneven public transport supply. The distribution of park from home public transport accessibility has no significant correlation with district development stage. Public transport service in Shanghai takes no account of the factors of park star rating or size. Positive actions are required to improve the equity of public transport access to the important public health resources of urban parks.

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Yang, Zi Fan, Li Shan Sun, Shu Wei Wang, and Jian Rong. "Countermeasure Analysis of the Resident Travel Characteristics in Large Scale Community in China - Taking Tiantongyuan as an Example." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 1837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1837.

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Along with the rapid development of China economy, more people pour into large cities since 2000. In order to settle the housing problem timely, large communities emerged in big cities of China such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou. There is usually a high population density and high proportion of commuter travel in large communities, and the traffic development of which is relatively difficult, this paper aims to solve this problem. Taking TTY district of Beijing as an example, a large scale resident trip survey was conducted. The travel indicators travel time, travel distance, etc, were detailed discussed. The main traffic problems of TTY district were summarized as: 1) separation of office and residence; 2) insufficient traffic supply; 3) unreasonable road network structure. Finally, corresponding countermeasure was proposed in the article to deal with the existing problems.

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Pan, Haixiao, Qing Shen, and Ting Zhao. "Travel and Car Ownership of Residents near New Suburban Metro Stations in Shanghai, China." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2394, no. 1 (January 2013): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2394-08.

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Ouyang, Linxin, Zhenxuan Yin, and De Wang. "Visualizing disparities in park access for the elderly in Shanghai, China." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 52, no. 2 (July 4, 2019): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x19860539.

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With China ageing rapidly, the health of the elderly has become a public concern. Access to urban parks, offering both physical and psychological health benefits to people, is critical for the elderly. To explore whether there are disparities in park access for the elderly, we collected and processed population data, point of interest and travel time from census tracts to parks by public transport in Shanghai. The visuals based on the data indicate that, in Shanghai, most of the elderly are able to reach large parks in 30 minutes, but gaps remain in the number of accessible parks. Although the ageing population living between the inner ring road and the external ring road is as large as that inside the inner ring road, the number of accessible parks for this population is much lower than for the latter.

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Guan, Jinping, and Dongyuan Yang. "Residents’ Characteristics and Transport Policy Analysis in Large-Scale Residential Areas on a City Periphery." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2512, no. 1 (January 2015): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2512-02.

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Big cities in China are reforming their old downtown areas and demolishing substandard housing. The government relocates residents to large-scale residential areas on the city periphery, where the residents often find transport service unsatisfactory. However, in the search for policies that could be applied to ease this problem, there were no studies supplying effective quantitative forecasts that assessed improvements in travel quality in such areas. To provide a policy scenario forecast that could measure travel quality, one that is also subject to the so-called transit priority strategy, this study takes the case of Jinhexincheng, Shanghai, China, analyzes its residents’ characteristics, estimates a mode choice mixed logit model, and applies the model to six policy scenario forecasts. Consumer surplus is calculated as the travel quality metric; mode shares are calculated as the transit priority metric. Results show that central city migrants and the others are similar in gender, education, years living locally, and transportation-related decisions, despite their different motives for moving to the area. People are different in age, in whether they have Shanghai permanent residency, in apartment ownership, and in years living in Shanghai. In all possible mode choice logit models, there is no sign of different mode preferences; so in the policy scenario forecasts, they are considered the same. Of all six sets of possible policy scenarios, building retail closer has the highest consumer surplus increase—thus, it improves travel quality the most. Meanwhile, it also has an acceptable transit share. This means the scenario is not against transit priority. In future planning, this policy should be the first considered.

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CHEN, SHEN-ZHI, JIAN-PING SHI, and LI DAI. "Description of a new species of the genus Mongolotettix Rehn, 1928 (Orthoptera: Acrididae) from Fujian, China." Zootaxa 4410, no. 2 (April 17, 2018): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4410.2.8.

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A new species of the genus Mongolotettix Rehn, 1928 from Fujian, China is described in this paper. The new species Mongolotettix.fujianensis sp. nov. is similar to M. wulingyuanensis Shi, Liu et Li, 2016, but differs from the latter by maximum width of cubital area 1.4 times maximum width of medial area in tegmina of male; body small, length of body ♂ 21.5. mm, ♀ 30.6 mm; vertical diameter eye 1.3 times horizontal diameter in male; hind femur of male with 103 stridulatory pegs on inner side and epiphallus with indistinct projection on inner side of lateral plates. Type specimens are deposited in the Shanghai Entomological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.

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Su, Min, Weixin Luan, Liuyan Yuan, Rui Zhang, and Zhenchao Zhang. "Sustainability Development of High-Speed Rail and Airline—Understanding Passengers’ Preferences：A Case Study of the Beijing–Shanghai Corridor." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (March 4, 2019): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051352.

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With the rapid construction of high-speed railways (HSR), the supply structure of the transportation modes in China has changed greatly. In order to seek the sustainable development of HSR and air transport from the perspective of passenger mode choice behavior, this paper applied a binary logit model to explore the mode choice patterns in the Beijing–Shanghai corridor, which has the most successfully operated HSR line in China. By using the data collected in airports and HSR stations in the two cities, passenger flow composition and passenger mode choice behavior was analyzed. It was found that passengers’ preference for air transport decreases with the accompanying number of passengers and access time, and increases with income; female passengers and younger passengers have a higher probability of choosing air transport, ceteris paribus; and leisure passengers are more price-sensitive, they tend to travel by air transport when the air transport prices are lower. The study results reveal the travel characteristics of passengers between Beijing–Shanghai and provide information for policy design and infrastructure management.

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Qi, Runze, Jinghu Pan, and Rong Zhang. "Comparison of Intercity Travel Network Structure during Daily Time and Holiday in China." Complexity 2021 (August 5, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2193782.

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Intercity travel by residents promotes the regathering and dissemination of social and economic factors. Based on big data from Tencent’s location-based service, 346 cities above the prefecture level in China were chosen as study objects, with 2018 as the study time node. To construct the intercity residents’ travel network, complex network analysis and GIS spatial analysis methods were used. Furthermore, when analyzing the structural characteristics and spatial differences of Chinese residents’ intercity travel from different time perspectives (the whole year, daily, Spring Festival travel rush, and special holidays), Gephi network analysis tools and ArcGIS spatial analysis software were used. The following are the major findings: daily and the whole year intercity travel by Chinese residents, as well as intercity travel during special holidays and the Spring Festival, all exhibit the “diamond” structure, with Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou-Shenzhen, and Chengdu-Chongqing at the core. The distribution of lines in and around the “diamond” is large and concentrated from the perspective of the hierarchical nature of the residents’ intercity travel network. Significant increases in high-intensity population flow lines within the “diamond” can be seen during Spring Festival travel and holidays. The number of cities involved in the inflow line is significantly greater than that involved in the outflow line, as demonstrated by the number of residents in the first point of travel, indicating that there is a difference between the central cities flowing into and out of the network. The first flow of the central city is the most visible during the Spring Festival travel period. Most cities in the resident intercity travel network have relatively low degrees of centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality, and the number of cities with large values of the three is small, and they are concentrated in the apex and interior of the “diamond” structure.

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Hong-cheng, Gan, Ye Xin, and Wang Qing. "Investigating the effect of travel time variability on drivers' route choice decisions in Shanghai, China." Transportation Planning and Technology 33, no. 8 (December 2010): 657–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081060.2010.527172.

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Zhu, Wei, Baoxin Zhai, and Dan Jian. "Evaluating the Bicycle Travel Environment in a Changing Bicycle Culture: Case Study of Shanghai, China." Journal of Urban Planning and Development 143, no. 3 (September 2017): 05017001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000377.

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Tianjie, Xu. "How Far Can You Travel by Metro for Five Yuan?" New Metro 1, no. 1 (December 2, 2020): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37819/nm.001.01.0079.

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With 5 Yuan, you can buy a small piece of bread or two bottles of water. If you are thinking about travelling, public transportation will be the only option; and if you want to reach the destination quickly and comfortably, the metro will be your first choice. Then with 5 Yuan in hand, how far can you travel by metro? To answer this question, Shanghai Rail Transit Industry Information Center has collected the latest data on metro fares in 33 cities in China and drawn the chart, as shown in figure 1.

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Walker, Allan, and Haiyan Qian. "Exploring the Mysteries of School Success in Shanghai." ECNU Review of Education 1, no. 1 (March 2018): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30926/ecnuroe2018010107.

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Purpose —The purpose of the paper is to discuss some of the mysteries around the much-touted recent success of school education in China and to explore some of the key conditions that may underpin the success. Design/Approach/Methods —It is a conceptual paper. A wide range of available data and literature has been consulted and analyzed to carefully marshal arguments about how to understand the mysteries and the conditions underpinning the success. Findings —The paper discusses four mysteries around education success in China. It argues for the development of a fuller and more contextualized perspective to view the success. The paper further suggests that neither of the four general conditions for success—values, reform, leadership or teaching approaches—taken alone, can explain pathways to success. Originality/Value —The paper provides an original explanatory description of the mysteries of education success and underlying conditions. This paper helps fill a gap in Western understanding of the “why” and “how” of school success in China.

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Ye, Nan, Linjie Gao, Zhicai Juan, and Anning Ni. "Are People from Households with Children More Likely to Travel by Car? An Empirical Investigation of Individual Travel Mode Choices in Shanghai, China." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 4, 2018): 4573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124573.

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China is expected to have more children now that its family planning policy has been relaxed, and the influence of children on transportation and sustainability should not be neglected. This study uses econometric methods to explore the impact that the presence of children has on household car ownership, car-travel behavior of family members, and variability in their car-use frequency across weekdays and weekends. Models are estimated using multi-day travel patterns imputed from GPS-enabled smartphone data collected in Shanghai, China. Results indicate that: (1) households with children have more private cars than those without children, and the presence of preschoolers and pupils both increase families’ demand for car ownership; (2) travel behavior of people from households with children is influenced subtly by the children’s presence, which leads them to prefer to travel by car, although the presence of retired or unemployed household members can weaken that influence; and (3) car-travel frequency of individuals is significantly different between weekdays and weekends, with the presence of pupils in the household diminishing that variability and the presence of preschoolers enlarging it. Policymakers and transportation planners should be concerned about these issues and take appropriate measures.

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Wang, Yanli, Bing Wu, Zhi Dong, and Xin Ye. "A Joint Modeling Analysis of Passengers’ Intercity Travel Destination and Mode Choices in Yangtze River Delta Megaregion of China." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5293210.

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Joint destination-mode travel choice models are developed for intercity long-distance travel among sixteen cities in Yangtze River Delta Megaregion of China. The model is developed for all the trips in the sample and also by two different trip purposes, work-related business and personal business trips, to accommodate different time values and attraction factors. A nested logit modeling framework is applied to model trip destination and mode choices in two different levels, where the lower level is a mode choice model and the upper level is a destination choice model. The utility values from various travel modes in the lower level are summarized into a composite utility, which is then specified into the destination choice model as an intercity impedance factor. The model is then applied to predict the change in passenger number from Shanghai to Yangzhou between scenarios with and without high-speed rail service to demonstrate the applicability. It is helpful for understanding and modeling megaregional travel destination and mode choice behaviors in the context of developing country.

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SONG, XIAO-BIN, DE-YAO ZHOU, ZHI-BING CHEN, MING-ZHEN LIN, and JIAN-QING ZHU. "First record of tribe Laenini (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Lagriinae) from Shanghai, with description of a new species of the genus Laena Dejean." Zootaxa 4712, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4712.1.6.

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Laena hongqiao sp. n. is described from Shanghai. This discovery expands the provincial distribution of the huge tenebrionid genus Laena in mainland China, and enriches the knowledge of the species diversity in Shanghai. A key modified from Schawaller 2008 and Wei & Ren 2018 is provided to include this new species.

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Yu, Wan Jun, Yun Xiang Liu, and Hua Fang. "The Analysis and Application Research on the Performance of Describing Based on an Abstract Grid Workflow Language." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.811.

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Grid Workflow Language Yu wan jun1,2, Liu Yunxiang1,2, Fang Hua1,21 Shanghai institute of technology, School of computer science and information engineering, Shanghai, 201418, China 2Shanghai institute of technology, research center of machine olfaction, Shanghai, 201418, China Key words:Intelligant System; Grid Workflow; Activity; Parallel Structure; Abstract:Grids specification is one of the imporant contents in grid workflow fields, it can shield details of underling grid, so users can concentrate on the description of Grid applications. AGWL(Abstract Grid Workflow Language) is an abstract language based on XML, it was always used to describe grid workflow. The basic activities are connected by the control flow and data link. AGWL uses advanced control flow to support the parallel execution of conditions and loops. As an example, we finally introduced a sales process to show the capacity of the grid workflow language AGWL.

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WANG, CHENG-BIN, MICHEL PERREAU, JAN RŮŽIČKA, and XIAO-BIN SONG. "Revision of the genus Sinobathyscia Perreau (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae) from China, with description of a new species." Zootaxa 4303, no. 3 (August 10, 2017): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4303.3.2.

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Sinobathyscia tianma sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Leptodirini) is described from Shanghai, China. The genus Sinobathyscia is redescribed with respect to the discovery of the male. Relevant morphological characters of the species examined are illustrated with colour plates, and their known distributions are mapped.

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McCrea, Elizabeth, and Lemmietta McNeilly. "Celebrating the Chinese International Speech, Language, and Hearing Association: A Week of International Engagement." Perspectives on Global Issues in Communication Sciences and Related Disorders 5, no. 1 (June 2015): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/gics5.1.7.

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This article is a companion piece to the article summarizing the history and development of the Chinese International Speech, Language and Hearing Association and describes the authors' attendance and participation in the inaugural meeting of the association. It summarizes the content of the meeting and describes a visit to The Little Tiger Rehabilitation Center in Sonjiang, a suburb of Shanghai. The authors' travel experiences in China are also described.

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Wang, Ning, Runlin Yan, and Gangzhan Fu. "Optimal battery capacity for an electric-vehicle-sharing-model in the People’s Republic of China." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 11 (December 12, 2016): 1471–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016675246.

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A project on electric vehicle sharing has been previously carried out as a demonstration operation in Shanghai, Beijing, Hangzhou and Shenzhen in the People’s Republic of China. The high initial investment caused by the high cost of batteries limits commercialization of an electric-vehicle-sharing model. Therefore, a key problem that the operators must solve is to choose the appropriate battery capacity for shared electric vehicles based on different urban driving cycles. Based on three new energy vehicles (i.e. electric vehicles) for demonstration cities of different scales as represented by Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hefei, a whole-life-cycle evaluation model of economic benefits for shared battery electric vehicles was established in this paper. The optimal battery capacity for different substitution rates was calculated using MATLAB software. Then, the influences that the substitution rate, the urban driving cycle, the average daily travel distance, the service price, the charging price, the battery (cycle) life, the battery pack cost and the government subsidy have on the optimal battery capacity in the life-cycle economic benefit model was explained. Suggestions for the optimal battery capacity are provided for operators in different cities. The results indicate that the purchasing cost, the energy consumption cost and the battery depreciation cost are the three main components of the life-cycle cost, which account for more than 80%. The average daily travel distance and the local government subsidy affect the optimal battery capacity only for certain substitution rates. The life-cycle economic benefits of one shared electric vehicle is found to have the most influence on the service price. This paper suggests that shared battery electric vehicles with different battery sizes of 44.5 kW h, 34.9 kW h and 36.96 kW h are suitable for use in metropolitan cities, in large-sized to medium-sized cities and in medium-sized to small-sized cities respectively, as represented correspondingly by Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hefei.

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Yang, Jie, Jing Dong, Qi Zhang, Zhiyuan Liu, and Wei Wang. "An Investigation of Battery Electric Vehicle Driving and Charging Behaviors Using Vehicle Usage Data Collected in Shanghai, China." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 24 (May 11, 2018): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118759015.

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This paper investigates the driving and charging behaviors of battery electric vehicle (BEV) drivers observed in Shanghai, China. The summary statistics are compared with the observations from the U.S. EV Project. A machine-learning approach, namely self-organizing feature map (SOM), is adopted as a classifier to analyze BEV drivers’ habitual behaviors. The inter-driver heterogeneities are examined in terms of: the distributions of distance traveled per day, the start time of charging, the number of charges per day, distance traveled between consecutive charges, battery state of charge (SOC) before and after charging, and time-of-day electricity demand. It is found that ( a) BEV drivers demonstrate conservative charging behaviors, leading to short distances between consecutive charging events; ( b) a significant number of BEV drivers in Shanghai charge during daytime; ( c) the distributions depicting the driving and charging patterns vary greatly due to the diversity in travel activities among different drivers.

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Gatta, Valerio, Edoardo Marcucci, Ila Maltese, Gabriele Iannaccone, and Jiarui Fan. "E-Groceries: A Channel Choice Analysis in Shanghai." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 3625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073625.

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E-grocery is becoming more and more popular, involving both pure e-commerce players and physical stores in its development and sales. As a consequence, the last mile delivery model has been heavily modified, with ambiguous final impact on the environment. This paper identifies the key elements germane to e-grocery (demand and supply), discusses e-grocery development and investigates the challenges ahead. In more detail, it presents the results of a stated preference survey on consumers’ channel choices for the grocery market. The survey was carried out in Shanghai (China) in order to investigate different purchase attributes, such as product and delivery service price, product range, lead time, time window and travel time. The paper identifies heterogeneous reactions to alternative service configurations, which allows to estimate market shares for e-grocery, with the in-store option as a reference. Policy implications and operational solutions to improve the sustainability of this renewed last mile delivery model are thus proposed.

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Duan, Qian, Xin Ye, Jian Li, and Ke Wang. "Empirical Modeling Analysis of Potential Commute Demand for Carsharing in Shanghai, China." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020620.

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Carsharing is an emerging commute mode in China, which may produce social and environmental benefits. This paper aims to develop a commute mode choice model to explore influential factors and quantify their impacts on the potential demand for carsharing in Shanghai. The sample data were obtained from a revealed preference (RP) and stated preference (SP) survey and integrated with level-of-service attributes from road and transit networks. The RP survey collected commuters’ trip information and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. In the SP survey, four hypothetical scenarios were designed based on carsharing’s unit price to collect commuters’ willingness to shift to carsharing. Data fusion method was applied to fuse RP and SP models. The joint model identified the target group of choosing carsharing with certain socioeconomic and demographic attributes, such as gender, age, income, household member, household vehicle ownership, and so on. It also indicates that the value of time (VOT) for carsharing is 35.56 RMB Yuan (5.08 US Dollar)/h. The elasticity and marginal effect analysis show that the direct elasticity of carsharing’s fare on its potential demand is −0.660, while the commuters, who have a more urgent plan on car purchase or are more familiar with the carsharing service, have much higher probabilities to choose carsharing as their commute modes. The developed model is expected to be applied to the urban travel demand model, providing references for the formulation of carsharing operation scheme and government policy.

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Lu, Yuan-Yuan, Carsten Zorn, David Král, and Ming Bai. "Description of Callistethus hamus sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae) from continental Southeast Asia using synchrotron to illustrate the aedeagus." ZooKeys 881 (October 17, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.881.34821.

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A new species, Callistethus hamus Lu & Zorn, sp. nov., is described from China, Laos, and Vietnam. Additionally, we used synchrotron (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) to scan the aedeagus. The virtual 3D model of the aedeagus is reconstructed and provided.

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Chung, Hyungchul, Yueming Yang, Chia-Lin Chen, and Roger Vickerman. "Exploring the Association of the Built Environment, Accessibility and Commuting Frequency with the Travel Times of High-Speed Rail Commuters: Evidence from China." Built Environment 46, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 342–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.46.3.342.

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This paper explores door-to-door commuting pa erns and the way commuting time is associated with three factors: the built environment, transport mode (from residence and workplace to HSR stations), and commute frequency. Econometric and statistical analyses are employed to examine evidence from China that draws on a survey targeting Suzhou-based HSR commuters who travel to work in Shanghai. The findings present three major points. First, a dense urban environment around residence and workplace is associated with reduced commuting time to high-density healthcare facilities (Suzhou and Shanghai) and financial institutions (Shanghai only). However, the density of public transport facilities near both residence and workplace has no association with commuting time. Second, taking the metro to and from HSR stations shows signi ficant association with increased commuting time for the first and last miles, while walking from HSR stations to the workplace shows signi ficant reduction of commuting time. Third, daily commuting is associated with reduced commuting time in the first mile, while weekly commuting is reversely related to longer commuting time in the last mile, which is coupled with a shorter commuting time for the first mile than the last mile. These findings lead us to conclude that reducing the total commuting time for a door-to-door journey is a key factor in associated commuting pa erns, commuting frequency, and travel mode choice. This re flects the choices commuters make in relation to where they live rather than where they work, which off ers fewer options. A longer last mile relates to a weekly commuting pa ern rather than a daily commuting. The current public metro systems in both home and work cities appear to be lengthy and inefficient. Transitoriented and integrated development is required to provide more efficient experiences for commuters.

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Yan, Qiang, Kun Gao, Lijun Sun, and Minhua Shao. "Spatio-Temporal Usage Patterns of Dockless Bike-Sharing Service Linking to a Metro Station: A Case Study in Shanghai, China." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 23, 2020): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030851.

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The dockless bike-sharing (DLBS) system serves as a link between metro stations and travelers’ destinations (or originations). This paper aims to uncover spatio-temporal usage patterns of dockless bike-sharing service linking to metro stations for supporting scientific planning and management of the dockless bike-sharing system. A powerful visualization tool was used to analyze the differences in usage patterns in workdays and weekends. The travel distance distributions of using dockless bike-sharing near metro stations were investigated to shed light on the service area of the dockless bike-sharing system. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering was applied to analyze differences in usage patterns of metro stations located in different areas. The results show that the usage patterns of dockless bike-sharing on weekends are different from those on workdays. The average travel distance using the dockless bike-sharing system at weekends is significantly larger than that of workdays. The travel distance distribution could be nicely fitted by the Fréchet distribution of the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution family. The usage characteristics of shared bikes are correlated with land use and population density around metro stations. No matter in urban or suburban areas, there is a great demand for bike-sharing in densely populated areas with intensive land development, such as university towns in suburban areas. This study improves the understandings regarding the usage patterns of the DLBS system serving as a link between the final destinations (or originations) and metro stations. The results can be helpful to the operation and demand management of DLBS.

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Guan, Jinping, Kai Zhang, Shuang Zhang, and Yizhou Chen. "How is public transit in the megacity peripheral relocatees’ area in China? Captive transit rider and dynamic modal accessibility gap analytics in a peripheral large-scale residential area in Shanghai, China." Journal of Transport and Land Use 13, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2020.1505.

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In the process of Chinese megacity suburbanization, central-city substandard housing is demolished. The government relocates residents to megacity peripheral relocatees’ areas. So far, few studies have focused on captive transit riders and analyzed the dynamic points of interest (POI) accessibility by public transit compared to the private mode in these areas. To fill this gap, this study conducts a survey in Jinhexincheng, one of these areas in Shanghai, China; analyzes captive-transit riders with multiple models; and computes the dynamic modal accessibility gap (DMAG) of public transit and private travel mode using multi-source heterogeneous data. Results show that 71.77% of transit-rider samples acknowledge they “have no other choice and have to travel by transit.” These captive transit riders are more often older, female, non-working, without a driving license, and with more complaints toward public transport. Subjective transit evaluation’s ordinal regression models show that waiting time, speed, operating hours, and number of lines/stops contribute to the low transit subjective evaluation. These things should be given a high priority in transit improvement. As for the captive transit riders, transit’s transfer and bicycle availability should be improved. Using big data analytics, a more fine-grained scale is brought in by computing a DMAG index. It shows a person mostly has a better POI accessibility by private mode for the 30-minute, real-travel-covered area for 24 hours of the average day. For the 60-minute, real-travel-covered area, public transit mostly has a better POI accessibility. This study supports transit planning and decision-making for megacity peripheral relocatees’ areas using multi-source heterogeneous data analytics.

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Zhu, Yuan-Shen, Zhuo Sun, Dan-Dan Ke, Jia-Qi Yang, Wen-Yun Li, Ze-Qun Deng, Yong-Zhen Li, Min Wu, Li-Ming Wen, and Geng-Sheng He. "Modes of Transport to School and Their Associations with Weight Status: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Students in Shanghai, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 4687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094687.

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Background: Over the past two decades, both transport modes as well as overweight/obesity have changed dramatically among students in China, but their relationships are not clear. This study aimed to investigate modes of transport to school and their associations with the weight status of Chinese students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with non-resident students aged 6 to 17 years from all 16 districts across Shanghai, China in October and November 2019. Information about sociodemographic characteristics and the models of travel to school among students was investigated using an online, self-administered, structured questionnaire (or those assisted by their parents). Weight and height were measured by school health workers, and the Chinese standard age adjusted BMI (weight/height2) was used to classify students’ weight status. Cumulative logistic regression modelling was used to examine the relationships. Results: The main mode of transport to school was an active mode (46.5%, defined as walking, bicycling, or public transport), followed by an inactive mode of transport (30.5%, defined as a car or bicycle as a passenger), and a combination of both modes (23%). About one-third of the students were overweight or obese and 5% were underweight. No statistically significant association between transport modes and weight status was found in this study. Conclusions: In Shanghai, close to one-third of children travel to school by an inactive mode of transport. The findings of this study did not support the notion that an active mode to school could be beneficial for preventing overweight/obesity in students in China.

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Zhong, Gang, Jian Zhang, Linchao Li, Xiaoxuan Chen, Fan Yang, and Bin Ran. "Analyzing Passenger Travel Demand Related to the Transportation Hub inside a City Area using Mobile Phone Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 50 (June 5, 2018): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118774671.

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The passenger transportation hub plays a crucial role in the urban transportation system. Analyzing transportation hub related travel demand is necessary to support urban transportation planning and management. However, it is difficult to use the traditional travel survey methods to study travel demand because tracking passenger travel trajectories is a near impossible task. The location information from the cellular system provides a feasible way to solve the problem. This paper concentrates on applying mobile phone data to study passenger travel demand related to the Hongqiao transportation hub in Shanghai, China. First, a method is introduced to collect passenger travel information related to the hub from mobile phone data. Then, travel demand indexes are presented to characterize the travel demand in a visual way. Finally, transportation corridors, which connect the hub and other urban areas, are identified to analyze the distribution of travel demand more thoroughly. The results illustrate that the passenger travel demand shows an obvious tide pattern in the city area with the Hongqiao transportation hub as the center. Moreover, there are two identified transportation corridors which reveal the major distribution directions of the passengers, that is, the city center and the Zizhu industrial development zone. The approach in this study testifies that mobile phone data has great potential for transportation planning and management related to transportation hubs.

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Song, Xiao-Bin, Liang Tang, and Zhong Peng. "Flanged Bombardier beetles from Shanghai, China, with description of a new species in the genus Eustra Schmidt-Goebel (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Paussinae)." ZooKeys 740 (February 27, 2018): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.740.20458.

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Four paussine species belonging to three different genera are discovered in Shanghai. A new species,EustrashanghaiensisSong,sp. n., is described, illustrated, and distinguished from the treated congeners. New distributional data or biological notes onEustrachinensisBänninger, 1949,ItamuscastaneusSchmidt-Goebel, 1846, andPlatyrhopalusdavidisFairmaire, 1886 are provided.

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Xin, Cai Jin. "Bicycle Transportation in Shanghai: Status and Prospects." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1563, no. 1 (January 1996): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156300102.

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Shanghai is China's largest city and has a dense concentration of population served by limited transportation infrastructure. Traditionally, bicycles and public transportation have been the dominant modes used by residents, but recent social and economic changes have resulted in a dramatic growth in motor vehicle use and overall traffic volumes. The use of bicycles as a mode of transportation in China and in Shanghai will continue for a long time to come. However, the role of bicycles within Shanghai is changing and will continue to evolve in the future as efforts to enhance basic transportation infrastructure are undertaken and economic and social conditions improve. The complexity of transportation patterns generated by high population densities, coupled with a shortage in basic infrastructure for an urban region of its nature, size, and importance, has created increasingly serious conflicts between motorized and nonmotorized vehicles throughout central Shanghai. These conflicts decrease overall safety and the functional capability of the existing transportation system to meet rapidly increasing travel demands in the municipality. Major improvements are being implemented that will upgrade Shanghai's urban transportation system significantly. They will, however, require a substantial commitment of time and financial resources to complete. In the interim, a comprehensive traffic management effort will be followed that recognizes the importance of bicycles and supports their continued use within the municipality in an appropriate balance with public transportation and other modes consistent with actual conditions and changing demands.

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Guan, Jinping, and Chengzhong Xu. "Are relocatees different from others? Relocatee’s travel mode choice and travel equity analysis in large-scale residential areas on the periphery of megacity Shanghai, China." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 111 (May 2018): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.03.011.

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Yin, Jie, Yameng Jing, Dapeng Yu, Mingwu Ye, Yuhan Yang, and Banggu Liao. "A Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Emergency in Schools of Shanghai." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 11, 2019): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020349.

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Schools and students are particularly vulnerable to natural hazards, especially pluvial flooding in cities. This paper presents a scenario-based study that assesses the school vulnerability of emergency services (i.e., Emergency Medical Service and Fire & Rescue Service) to urban pluvial flooding in the city center of Shanghai, China through the combination of flood hazard analysis and GIS-based accessibility mapping. Emergency coverages and response times in various traffic conditions are quantified to generate school vulnerability under normal no-flood and 100-y pluvial flood scenarios. The findings indicate that severe pluvial flooding could lead to proportionate and linear impacts on emergency response provision to schools in the city. Only 11% of all the schools is predicted to be completely unreachable (very high vulnerability) during flood emergency but the majority of the schools would experience significant delay in the travel times of emergency responses. In this case, appropriate adaptations need to be particularly targeted for specific hot-spot areas (e.g., new urbanized zones) and crunch times (e.g., rush hours).

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Duan, Zhengyu, Chun Wang, H. Michael Zhang, Zengxiang Lei, Haifeng Li, and Dongyuan Yang. "Using Longitudinal Mobile Phone Data to Understand the Stability of Individual Travel Patterns." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2643, no. 1 (January 2017): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2643-18.

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Most travel demand models assume that individuals’ daily travel patterns are stable or follow a fixed routine. This hypothesis is being questioned by more and more researchers. In this study, longitudinal mobile phone data were used to study the stability of individual daily travel patterns from three aspects, including activity space, activity points, and daily trip-chain patterns. The activity space was represented by the number of nonhome activity points, the radius of nonhome activity points, and the distance from home. The visitation pattern of activity points was analyzed by entropy and predictability measures. The stability of trip-chain patterns was described by the number of distinct trip chains, the typical trip chain, and the typical trip-chain ratio. Analysis of 21 days of mobile phone data from three communities in Shanghai, China, revealed that individuals’ daily travel patterns showed considerable variation. Although individuals’ visitation patterns to activity points were very regular, the day-to-day variations of individual trip-chain patterns were quite significant. On average, an individual exhibited about eight types of daily trip chains during the 21-day period. The daily travel patterns of residents in the outskirts were more stable than those of residents in the city center. Individuals’ travel patterns on weekdays were more complex than those on weekends. As individuals’ activity spaces increased, the stability of their travel patterns decreased.

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Huang, C., H. L. Wang, L. Li, Q. Wang, Q. Lu, J. A. de Gouw, M. Zhou, S. A. Jing, J. Lu, and C. H. Chen. "VOC species and emission inventory from vehicles and their SOA formation potentials estimation in Shanghai, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 19 (October 6, 2015): 11081–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11081-2015.

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Abstract. Volatile organic compound (VOC) species from vehicle exhausts and gas evaporation were investigated by chassis dynamometer and on-road measurements of nine gasoline vehicles, seven diesel vehicles, five motorcycles, and four gas evaporation samples. The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass yields of gasoline, diesel, motorcycle exhausts, and gas evaporation were estimated based on the mixing ratio of measured C2–C12 VOC species and inferred carbon number distributions. High aromatic contents were measured in gasoline exhausts and contributed comparatively more SOA yield. A vehicular emission inventory was compiled based on a local survey of on-road traffic in Shanghai and real-world measurements of vehicle emission factors from previous studies in the cities of China. The inventory-based vehicular organic aerosol (OA) productions to total CO emissions were compared with the observed OA to CO concentrations (ΔOA / ΔCO) in the urban atmosphere. The results indicate that vehicles dominate the primary organic aerosol (POA) emissions and OA production, which contributed about 40 and 60 % of OA mass in the urban atmosphere of Shanghai. Diesel vehicles, which accounted for less than 20 % of vehicle kilometers of travel (VKT), contribute more than 90 % of vehicular POA emissions and 80–90 % of OA mass derived by vehicles in urban Shanghai. Gasoline exhaust could be an important source of SOA formation. Tightening the limit of aromatic content in gasoline fuel will be helpful to reduce its SOA contribution. Intermediate-volatile organic compounds (IVOCs) in vehicle exhausts greatly contribute to SOA formation in the urban atmosphere of China. However, more experiments need to be conducted to determine the contributions of IVOCs to OA pollution in China.

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ZHANG, WEI, XIAO-YING XU, J. PATRICK KOCIOLEK, and LI-QING WANG. "Gomphonema shanghaiensis sp. nov., a new diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from a river in Shanghai, China." Phytotaxa 278, no. 1 (October 5, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.278.1.3.

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This paper describes the new species Gomphonema shanghaiensis sp. nov. from Shujiawan River, Shanghai City, in the lower reaches of Yangtze River, China. The description is based on data derived from light and scanning electron microscopy. Valves of Gomphonema shanghaiensis are narrowly lanceolate to rhombic-lanceolate, slightly asymmetrical to the apical axis, with a gibbous central region. The footpole is broadly rounded and the headpole is slightly rostrate to narrowly rounded. The axial area is narrow and linear. Central area is small, and irregularly rectangular in shape. 1–5 rounded external stigmal openings are evident, and internally 1–2 of these are positioned on the central nodule. Striae are slightly radiate at the center, radiate towards the poles. The new species was compared with G. hasta, G. archaevibrio, G. spiculoides, G. stagnorum, G. guaraniarum, G. tumens and G. disgracile, all of which resemble Gomphonema shanghaiensis but differ from the new species in specific details of size, striae density, valve shape and stigmal openings number. This species occurs in relatively clean water in Shanghai.

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Yang, Zhen, Weijun Gao, Xueyuan Zhao, Chibiao Hao, and Xudong Xie. "Spatiotemporal Patterns of Population Mobility and Its Determinants in Chinese Cities Based on Travel Big Data." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 14, 2020): 4012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104012.

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Large-scale population mobility has an important impact on the spatial layout of China’s urban systems. Compared with traditional census data, mobile-phone-based travel big data can describe the mobility patterns of a population in a timely, dynamic, complete, and accurate manner. With the travel big dataset supported by Tencent’s location big data, combined with social network analysis (SNA) and a semiparametric geographically weighted regression (SGWR) model, this paper first analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns and characteristics of mobile-data-based population mobility (MBPM), and then revealed the socioeconomic factors related to population mobility during the Spring Festival of 2019, which is the most important festival in China, equivalent to Thanksgiving Day in United States. During this period, the volume of population mobility exceeded 200 million, which became the largest time node of short-term population mobility in the world. The results showed that population mobility presents a spatial structure dominated by two east–west main axes formed by Chengdu, Nanjing, Wuhan, Shanghai; and three north–south main axes formed by Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Wuhan, and Chengdu. The major cities in the four urban agglomerations in China occupy an absolute core position in the population mobility network hierarchy, and the population mobility network presents typical “small world” features and forms 11 closely related groups. Semiparametric geographically weighted regression model results showed that mobile-data-based population mobility variation is significantly related to the value-added of secondary and tertiary industries, foreign capital, average wage, urbanization rate, and value-added of primary industries. When the spatial heterogeneity and nonstationarity was considered, the socioeconomic factors that affect population mobility showed differences between different regions and cities. The patterns of population mobility and determinants explored in this paper can provide a new reference for the balanced development of regional economy.

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Xing, Yingying, Ke Wang, and Jian John Lu. "Exploring travel patterns and trip purposes of dockless bike-sharing by analyzing massive bike-sharing data in Shanghai, China." Journal of Transport Geography 87 (July 2020): 102787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102787.

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Luo, Xiao, Liang Dong, Yi Dou, Ning Zhang, Jingzheng Ren, Ye Li, Lu Sun, and Shengyong Yao. "Analysis on spatial-temporal features of taxis' emissions from big data informed travel patterns: a case of Shanghai, China." Journal of Cleaner Production 142 (January 2017): 926–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.161.

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Wang, Xuewei, Shuangli Ding, Weidong Cao, Dalong Fan, and Bin Tang. "Research on Network Patterns and Influencing Factors of Population Flow and Migration in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, China." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 21, 2020): 6803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176803.

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Through the construction of a population flow and migration relationship matrix, this paper analyzes population flow and migration in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration during the Spring Festival travel rush and daily period. This paper also studies the urban network spatial structure characteristics and the influencing factors from the perspective of inter-provincial population flow and migration. The results show the following: (1) as a central city, Shanghai has a significant siphon effect, with Suzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wuxi and Changzhou accumulating 86.95% of the incoming population. The Shanghai–Jiangsu cross-border floating population is active and accounts for 40.83% of the total mobility scale in the same period. The population flow and migration network in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration shows obvious hierarchical characteristics. The secondary network relationship during the Spring Festival travel rush is the main migration path, while the first-level network relationship in the daily period is the main flow path. (2) Three indicators, namely, the network density, mean centrality, and control force based on the population flow and migration, consistently show that the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration network presents a strong connection state with the formation of a local cluster structure, highlighting that the city tightness in terms of population flow and migration also has dual attributes, which refers to “the restriction of the geographic space effect” and “overcoming the friction of space”. (3) Economic scale, political resources, industrial structure, and the historical basis are important factors influencing the formation of population flows and migration networks. Employment opportunities and labor wages are key guiding factors of the population migration direction, and spatial distance is a conditional factor influencing the formation of population flows and migration networks. The inter-provincial boundary, temporal distance, and transboundary frequency are the decisive factors for the formation of network patterns of population flow and migration.

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Pan, Jing Yu, and Dothang Truong. "Understanding High-Speed Rail Passengers in China: A Segmentation Approach." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 4 (March 24, 2019): 877–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119834914.

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China has established the world’s largest high-speed rail (HSR) system, which has fundamentally changed the way people travel in the domestic market. As China aims to double its HSR capacity in the next few years, the HSR population will continue to grow, which calls for an in-depth understanding of HSR passengers. While HSR has been of academic interest for many years, existing research has not provided meaningful demographic segmentation in the HSR context. This paper collected empirical data from HSR passengers in Beijing and Shanghai, the largest HSR markets in China, and performed a cluster analysis based collectively on three demographic variables—age, income, and education, which led to the formation of four segments—High-Ed Youths, Mature Travelers, New Starters, and Elite Travelers. Significant differences were found in terms of the passenger demographics and travel experiences across the four segments, to support the validity of the clustering solutions. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test further revealed cross-segment differences in terms of passenger evaluation of five HSR variables—reasonableness of price, reliability, food choices, employee service, and likelihood for recommendation, suggesting the possibility of predicting passenger perceptions and behaviors based on their cluster membership. The findings demonstrate that passenger segmentation based on multiple demographic variables can provide deeper insights into the HSR population. For HSR providers in China, an understanding of the characteristics of the four passenger segments can assist them in developing service and communication strategies to cater to the different passenger needs.

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Chen, Xiaoxuan, Xia Wan, Qing Li, Fan Ding, Charlie McCarthy, Yang Cheng, and Bin Ran. "Trip-Chain-Based Travel-Mode-Shares-Driven Framework using Cellular Signaling Data and Web-Based Mapping Service Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 3 (March 2019): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119834006.

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The signaling data of cellular phones, as a passively generated, real-time, wide-coverage, and low-cost data source, have been widely used in recent studies to understand human activity and model urban travel demand. However, in contrast with the Global Positioning System (GPS) data, cellular phone signaling data are sparsely distributed in time and space, which makes travel-mode inference a challenge. Recent studies presented methods of deriving users’ home and work locations, origin-destination trips, and other activities. Very few provided a complete and feasible framework for travel-mode derivation with effective validation methods. This paper provides a real-time travel-mode derivation framework using signaling data and a web-based mapping service. A trip-chain model is proposed to detect individual activity patterns and derive the trips of mobile phone users. Then, the travel mode of each trip is identified by a Fuzzy K-Means model, which is trained and validated by the point-to-point travel time from a web-based mapping service. Finally, the travel-mode shares are aggregated and scaled to the whole population of the study area. The framework is demonstrated using cellular signaling data from 1.9 million users in Shanghai, China for seven days, and citywide point-to-point travel times from a web-based mapping service for three of those seven days. Comparing the modeled travel-mode shares with travel survey data and transportation hub statistics demonstrates the plausibility and efficiency of using a large data source (mobile-trace data and web-based mapping) to accurately assess the travel modes of people in a big city using the proposed framework.

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YU, J. X., W. P. ZHU, C. C. YE, C. Y. XUE, S. J. LAI, H. L. ZHANG, Z. K. ZHANG, et al. "A cross-sectional study of acute diarrhea in Pudong, Shanghai, China: prevalence, risk factors, and healthcare-seeking practices." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 13 (August 23, 2017): 2735–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817001844.

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SUMMARYDiarrhea is a common cause of morbidity and mortality and the incidence of diarrhea in the world has changed little over the past four decades. To assess the prevalence of and healthcare practices for diarrhea, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Pudong, Shanghai, China. In October 2014, a total of 5324 community residents were interviewed. Respondents were asked if they had experienced diarrhea (defined as ⩾3 passages of watery, loose, bloody, or mucoid stools within a 24-h period) in the previous month prior to the interview. The monthly prevalence of diarrhea was 4·1% (95% CI: 3·3–4·8), corresponding to an incidence rate of 0·54 episodes per person-year. The proportion of individuals with diarrhea who sought healthcare was 21·2% (95% CI: 13·4–29·0). Diarrhea continues to impose a considerable burden on the community and healthcare system in Pudong. Young age and travel were identified as predictors of increased diarrhea occurrence.

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Lu, Zhenbo, Qi Zhang, Yu Yuan, and Weiping Tong. "Optimal Driving Range for Battery Electric Vehicles Based on Modeling Users’ Driving and Charging Behavior." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (June 16, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8813137.

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This paper proposes a simulation approach for the optimal driving range of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) by modeling the driving and charging behavior. The driving and charging patterns of BEV users are characterized by reconstructing the daily travel chain based on the practical data collected from Shanghai, China. Meanwhile, interdependent behavioral variables for daily trips and each trip are defined in the daily trip chain. To meet the goal of the fitness of driving range, a stochastic simulation framework is established by the Monte Carlo method. Finally, with consideration of user heterogeneity, the optimal driving range under different charging scenarios is analyzed. The findings include the following. (1) The daily trip chain can be reconstructed through the behavioral variables for daily trips and each trip, and there is a correlation between the variables examined by the copula function. (2) Users with different daily travel demand have a different optimal driving range. When choosing a BEV, users are recommended to consider that the daily vehicle kilometers traveled are less than 34% of the battery driving range. (3) Increasing the charging opportunity and charging power is more beneficial to drivers who are characterized by high daily travel demand. (4) On the premise of meeting travel demand, the beneficial effects of increased fast-charging power will gradually decline.

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Li, Wu, Shengchuan Zhao, Jingwen Ma, and Wenwen Qin. "Investigating Regional and Generational Heterogeneity in Low-Carbon Travel Behavior Intention Based on a PLS-SEM Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 3492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063492.

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This study aims at reviewing whether regional and generational differences exist in behavior intention to adopt low-carbon travel modes. Based on 759 questionnaires collected from three cities (Zhenjiang, Suzhou, and Shanghai) with different population sizes in China, we develop a modified theory of planned behavior (MTPB) model framework integrating low-carbon transport policies, psychological aspects, personal norms, and travel habits. A more advanced partial least-square method of structural equation model (PLS-SEM) and a multiple-group analysis (MGA) model are applied to estimate the effects and heterogeneities of these factors on low-carbon travel behavior intention among three cities and four age groups. The results show that the roles of low-carbon policies, subjective norms, and personal norms on behavior intention of adopting low-carbon travel modes are more salient. The effect of low-carbon policy on behavior is much weaker than it is on intention, and it does not follow that such intention will often be followed up with action. There is regional and generational heterogeneity in terms of the influence on low-carbon travel behavior intention. In particular, the benefits of low-carbon policies are more remarkable in the middle-sized city, young adult group, and pre-older adult group. The low-carbon travel behavior intention in the large-sized city, junior-middle adult group, and senior-middle adult group are affected by subjective norms more easily. The large-sized city and young adult group have better personal norms in favor of low-carbon travel. The findings could provide helpful insights into developing heterogeneous transport policies to encourage different travelers to switch from auto to low-carbon travel modes.

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Cheng, Min, Li Tao, Yuejiao Lian, and Weiwei Huang. "Measuring Spatial Accessibility of Urban Medical Facilities: A Case Study in Changning District of Shanghai in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 9598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189598.

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Medical facilities help to ensure a higher quality of life and improve social welfare. The spatial accessibility determines the allocation fairness and efficiency of medical facilities. It also provides information about medical services that residents can share. Although critical, scholars often overlooked the level of medical facilities, the composition of integrated transportation networks, and the size of service catchment in the literature on accessibility. This study aims to fill this research gap by considering the integrated transportation network, population scale, travel impedance between medical facilities and residential areas, and the impact of medical facilities’ levels on residents’ medical choices. An improved potential model was constructed to analyze the spatial accessibility of medical facilities in Changning District of Shanghai, China. Interpolation analysis was conducted to reveal the spatial accessibility pattern. Cluster and outlier analysis and Getis-Ord Gi* analysis were applied for the cluster analysis. Results show that the spatial accessibility of medical facilities is quite different in different residential areas of Changning District, Shanghai. Among them, the spatial accessibility of medical facilities is relatively high in Hongqiao subdistrict, Xinjing Town, and part of Xinhua Road subdistrict. In addition, residents have overall better access to secondary hospitals than to primary and tertiary hospitals in the study area. This study provides a spatial decision support system for urban planners and policymakers regarding improving the accessibility of healthcare facilities. It extends the literature on spatial planning of public facilities and could facilitate scientific decision making.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Shanghai (China) – Description and travel'

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