Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Shanty Town'

The thesis examines and accounts for patterns of income maintenance among elderly shanty town residents in Greater Buenos Aires (GBA), Argentina. It uses a framework which includes both macro-level institutional responses to ageing (such as national pension and assistance programmes) and responses at the micro-level (individual and household strategies). First, the thesis accounts for the high proportion of elderly in Argentina and explains the origin of shanty towns in GBA. This is followed by an analysis of the evolution of official social security programmes at the national and local levels and the extent to which gaps in them have been filled by non-state institutions. Particular attention is paid to the up-grading of limited, pluralistic initiatives in the early twentieth century, the imposition of a public sector welfare monopoly in the 1940s and the gradual reintroduction of the voluntary and private sectors since the 1970s. Despite the development of a complex bureaucratic apparatus, the mismanagement of insurance funds and an inconsistent commitment to assistance financing prevented universal state protection for the elderly. Case studies of three shanty towns draw attention to the significance of community initiatives for elderly welfare. Whilst these perform a number of functions, they serve primarily as conduits for resources from supra-local state and non-state agencies. A questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews demonstrate the economic dynamics of individual households containing elderly members. It is shown that most elderly combine income from a number of sources, including pensions, continued employment and family support and that the relative importance of these different sources is strongly influenced by their gender and labour histories. The significance of bureaucratic obstacles and disinformation in preventing access to support from state programmes is also highlighted.

Includes bibliography.
The objective of the study is to look at the social impact of development in relation to the relocation of people from an informal settlement to a formal settlement. This is demonstrated by illustrating how the context and flexibility of space influences the social and economic life of people. I show how the spatial flexibility with in, and the context of, an informal settlement enabled people to strategise around their living environment for their survival and well being. This contrasts with the disruption and disturbance to social and economic life in the formal settlement to which they were relocated. Evidence for my argument emerges from fieldwork carried out in the Western Cape between March and June 1997, firstly in the Marconi Beam informal settlement and secondly amongst the same people in their new formal settlement, Joe Slovo Park.

É expressiva no espaço urbano brasileiro a presença de um grande número de moradores vivendo em situação de risco e vulnerabilidade social. Isso é visível diante da precariedade de suas moradias, da infraestrutura dos bairros, da condição socioeconômica entre outros fatores, chamando a atenção para a rapidez com que essas moradias favelas - se proliferaram na cidade de Londrina. Diante deste contexto, esta tese tem como objetivo desenvolver um estudo centrado nas reflexões sobre o pertencimento ao lugar favela por parte dos moradores do Jardim União da Vitória VI, localizado na zona sul da cidade de Londrina, bem como analisar a temática sobre o termo lugar e do conceito de favela. Além disso, averiguar sua percepção por um grupo de pessoas, e alunos do 7ºano de duas escolas públicas localizadas na área de estudo ou próxima, e as intervenções do poder público local na elaboração e implantação de politicas públicas, levando em conta a questão habitacional e o contexto histórico da formação da cidade de Londrina.
It is expressive in the Brazilian urban area the presence of a great number of dweller living in a risk situation and social vulnerability. It is visible before preciosity of their dwellings, the districts infrastructure, social-economic condition among other factors, calling the attention to rapidity with which theses dwellings shanty town, proliferate in Londrina city. Ahead this context, this thesis has as objective develops a center study in the reflection about the belonging to the shanty town place by its dwellers of Victory Union Garden VI, situated in the South Zone of Londrina city, as well as to analyze the theme about place term and the concept of shanty town. Beyond that, ascertain its perception by a group of people, and pupils of 7º year of two public schools situated in the study area or close to it, and the local Public Authority interventions in elaboration and implementation of public politics, taking in account the housing issue and the historical context of the formation of Londrina city.

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This thesis is a study of unequal power relations at the local level within the state of Rio de Janeiro. It analyzes the interaction between citizens' rights and the increasing demands for more active agency in dealings with the state and its representatives. What appears, at first glance, to be an antagonistic relationship between citizens and the state, especially in the matter of the exercise of power by state agencies, turns out to be more complex; hence the need for approaching the analysis of power in terms of the possibilities for both expansion and limitations. There are consequences of the above for the interactions between (a) social actors as citizens and (b) agencies and representatives of the state in a context which is characterized by conflict and violence. This study presents a comparative analysis of two sites, Rocinha and Nilopolis; this methodology further enhances the formulation of broader research questions which could be applicable to and testable in other situations. This thesis is a contribution to the study of power relations and transformations in the state of Rio de Janeiro and the cultural and ideological politics therein.
A presente tese ? um estudo de corte vertical, de forma localizada, sobre o poder local e o mandonismo face a formas emergentes de cidadania participativa e demandas por direitos e reconhecimento social. Sendo, em princ?pio, concep??es antag?nicas de exerc?cio do poder, foram analisados a extens?o, os limites e as poss?veis formas de conviv?ncia entre os atores sociais nesse espa?o privilegiado pelo conflito e pela viol?ncia. Optamos pela realiza??o de um estudo comparativo de objetos aparentemente extremos e antag?nicos, o Munic?pio de Nil?polis e o bairro da Rocinha, na Regi?o Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Este estudo nos ofereceu subs?dios para a confec??o de cen?rios mais abrangentes e ao mesmo tempo espec?ficos, que possibilitaram construir uma percep??o, uma compreens?o e uma interpreta??o tendo a observa??o emp?rica na Baixada Fluminense, nas favelas cariocas e, de maneira especial, no Munic?pio de Nil?polis e no bairro da Rocinha como foco das rupturas e continuidades das rela??es de mando-obedi?ncia que legitimam e caracterizam a ideologia cultural da pol?tica fluminense contempor?nea.

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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
O trabalho procura reconstituir lutas sociais que ocorreram em favelas do Rio de Janeiro, no período demarcado pela criação da União dos Trabalhadores Favelados em 1954 e pelas mobilizações organizadas pela Federação de Associações de Moradores de Favelas (FAFEG) contra a política de remoções adotada pelo Estado de 1962 a 1973. A partir de uma abordagem que buscou relacionar as formas de intervenção do Estado e a construção de formas associativas e identidades coletivas entre moradores de favelas, procura contribuir para a reflexão sobre os movimentos sociais que se desenvolvem no âmbito da reprodução e que, com freqüência, adquirem a forma de organização de moradores. A história do movimento de favelados revela como a vivência de situações comuns de exclusão no que se refere a equipamentos urbanos, e a luta pela preservação da moradia podem favorecer processos de organização política que superem o isolamento das reivindicações de cada localidade. Tais processos não podem ser vistos, contudo, como reflexo mecânico de contradições sociais ou, tampouco como produto imediato das necessidades vividas pelos moradores. No caso do movimento de favelados, a experiência de seus participantes com partidos políticos, setores ligados à Igreja Católica e agências estatais consistiu em fator fundamental na expressão de reivindicações e processos associativos, além de orientar as diferentes estratégias adotadas. Ao realizar o estudo de um período pouco abordado nas análises sobre movimentos sociais urbanos realizadas no Brasil, o trabalho pretende contribuir para o debate sobre algumas características observadas com freqüência, como intrínsecas aos movimentos de moradores. Questões como autonomia e formas próprias de organização relacionam-se a construções históricas de atores sociais, influenciadas pelas formas de intervenção do Estado, pelas diferentes concepções ideológicas presentes entre os participantes dos movimentos e pelo impacto das conjunturas políticas.
The paper seeks to rebuild social struggles that occurred in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro, in the period marked by the creation of the Union of Slum workers in 1954 and the demonstrations organized by the Federation of Slum Dwellers Association (FAFEG) against removals policy adopted by the State 1962-1973. From an approach that sought to relate the forms of state intervention and the construction of forms of association and collective identities between slum dwellers, seeks to contribute for thinking about social movements that develop in the context of reproduction and that often take the form of organization of residents. The history of the squatters movement reveals how common the experience of exclusion situations with regard to urban facilities, and the struggle to preserve the house may favor political organization processes that overcome the isolation of claims of each locality. Such processes can not be seen, however, as a mechanical reflection of social contradictions or, either as immediate product needs experienced by residents. In the case of slum dwellers movement, the experience of its members with political parties, sectors linked to the Catholic Church and state agencies was to crucial factor in the expression of demands and associative processes, in addition to guiding the different strategies adopted. Upon study of a bit period covered in the analysis of urban social movements carried out in Brazil, the work aims to contribute to the debate on some frequently observed features, as intrinsic to the inhabitants of movements. Issues such as autonomy and own forms of organization relate to historical buildings of social actors, influenced by the forms of state intervention, by different ideological concepts present among the participants of the movements and the impact of political circumstances.

La démarche générale de cette thèse consiste à étudier la façon dont sont administrés les espaces nommés squats, bidonvilles et campements illicites par les pouvoirs publics et, par extension, leurs habitant-es, à l'aune de l'étude de la catégorie d'habitat « campements roms » mise en mots dans une circulaire le 5 août 2010. L'analyse de la mise en œuvre de la gestion et de l'expulsion de ces espaces est fondée sur une ethnographie des bidonvilles initiée en 2012 dans différentes villes de France et plus particulièrement dans la ville de Marseille ainsi que sur des entretiens, diverses formes d'observations et l'analyse de littératures grises. De l'élaboration des politiques publiques à leur mise en œuvre par les associations opératrices d'État dans la ville de Marseille (avec un focus sur l'année 2020), cette thèse analyse l'action publique à l'échelle locale afin de proposer une interprétation de la situation nationale. Ce travail, en s'intéressant à la façon dont sont nommés et classés certains habitats précaires identifiés comme illicites voire illégaux, met en lumière les logiques de catégorisation des habitant-es de ces espaces. Ce qui est formulé comme une politique prenant pour objet le logement administre en réalité les populations l'habitent, i.e. les personnes désignées comme roms dans la circulaire de 2010. La thèse met en lumière que l'opération de mise en mots de ces espaces comme « squats », « bidonvilles », « campements », mais aussi « copropriétés dégradées » par les pouvoirs publics nous informe peu sur la nature de ces espaces (les matériaux dont ils sont faits, leur légalité ou leur pérennité) mais relève d'un processus de catégorisation des populations qui les habitent. Toutes les personnes perçues comme roms habitant en bidonville à Marseille ne connaissent pas les mêmes logiques de classement de leur habitat, et ainsi la même mise en œuvre d'un suivi social permettant l'accès à certains droits : selon leur nationalité, leur(s) langue(s), leur statut administratif, la politique publique ne revêt pas le même aspect, aussi bien concernant son volet social (suivi social à partir du diagnostic social énoncé dans la circulaire de 2012) que son volet sécuritaire (les expulsions du lieu d'habitation et du territoire français). Cette thèse entend participer à la réflexion sur la façon dont sont catégorisées les personnes dites roms migrant-es en France en s'intéressant aux rapports sociaux de race, de sexe et de classe à l'œuvre dans l'administration de l'habitat précaire nommé squat, bidonville et campement
The general approach of this thesis is to study the way in which spaces known as squats, shanty towns and illegal encampments are administered by the public authorities and, by extension, their inhabitants, in the light of the study of the housing category 'Roma encampments' that was defined by a circular on 5 August 2010. The analysis of the implementation of the management and eviction of these spaces is based on an ethnography of shantytowns initiated in 2012 in various French cities and particularly in the city of Marseille, as well as on interviews, various forms of observation and the analysis of grey literature. From the development of public policies to their implementation by state-operated associations in the city of Marseille (with a focus on the year 2020), this thesis analyses public action at the local level in order to propose an interpretation of the national situation. By looking at the way in which certain types of precarious housing identified as illicit or even illegal are named and classified, this work sheds light on the ways in which the residents of these areas are categorised. What is formulated as a housing policy actually administers the people who live there, i.e. the people designated as Roma in the 2010 circular. The thesis highlights the fact that the process of labelling these spaces as 'squats', 'shanty towns', 'encampments' and also 'copropriété dégradée' by the public authorities tells us little about the nature of these spaces (the materials of which they are made, their legality or their longevity), but is part of a process of categorising the people who live there. Not all people perceived as Roma living in shantytowns in Marseille are subject to the same logic for classifying their housing, and thus to the same implementation of social monitoring enabling access to certain rights: depending on nationality, language(s) and administrative status, public policy does not take on the same aspect, both in terms of its social aspect (social monitoring based on the social diagnosis set out in the 2012 circular) and its security aspect (housing evictions and deportation from the French territory). This thesis aims to contribute to the debate around the way in which so-called Roma migrants are categorised in France by looking at the social relations of race, gender and class at work in the administration of precarious housing known as squats, shanty towns and encampments

This work is a collection of chapters that revolve around the issues of representing and interpreting the educational experiences of students who live in a disadvantaged neighbourhood in Buenos Aires, in their attempts to succeed in post-compulsory education (higher and further Education). The work presents the story of a student from this population in the form of a testimonio, a methodological discussion on the nature and uses of testimonio in the light of Foucauldian genealogy principles, a proposal for the ethical exercise of reading and writing the testimonios produced, and three exercises of interpretation which address and problematize assumptions that operate in the understanding of villas and their inhabitants. The methodological discussion draws on principles of ethnography and Foucauldian genealogy to consider the use and nature of stories for the purposes of doing research. It presents and discusses the Latin American testimonio as a form of account that intends to represent the voice of subaltern groups with the aim of contributing to social change. The ethical discussion will look closely at the ways in which the researcher becomes a subject while doing research, both in his/her relationship with the object of study and in the relationship with his/herself. In this sense, it will look at the violence involved in the production of knowledge that is exerted in relation to an ‘object’ of study. Finally, this work includes three exercises of interpretation aimed at re-thinking villas through ‘using and troubling’ conceptual tools in the reading of the testimonios co-constructed in this research. The idea of villas as neighbourhoods abandoned by the State, separated from the city and outside the norm is re-thought. The interpretations produced in this set of chapters will look at the complexity of the position of the students producing testimonios in their condition as inhabitants of villas.

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Resulting from the author s personal involvement with the favela Real Parque, holding a position of Technical Director at the Centro de Saúde Real Parque (Health Center Base Unit) from 1987 to 2002, an idea arose to set up a project for selective gathering of waste solids, which involved the organization of a cooperative system that would generate sustainable income for the people, having in focus the minimization of poverty of the Real Parque favela residents. The favela is located in the south side of São Paulo, which is one of the most wealthy regions of the city, attached to the Morumbi Administrative District, where the difference between the rich and wealthy population, living in luxurious condominiums, contrasts clamorously with the socially destitute residents of the favela Real Parque . With the objective of verifying whether there is a possibility for building up citizenship, with political, civic and social rights, by forming a cooperative nucleus called ReciclaReal at the Real Parque , this survey is being conducted in a socially empiric manner called actionsurvey , while revealing quantitative and qualitative demographic details, which comprehensively includes the local reality and suggests solidarity economics as a new form of social organization, and an alternative for inclusion of those whose insertion in the job market is extremely difficult. Based upon authors who have pondered on matters regarding the build-up of citizenship, it is evident that the combined economic, social and technological transformations that occurred since the beginning of the 20th century have produced both positive and negative aspects. Regarding the latter, we can mention unemployment as having brought about innumerable consequences to the less-favored classes, particularly in Brazil. These effects also brought about an increase in consumerism, thereby increasing discarded waste and aggravating the environmental problems, which paradoxically constitutes the means of subsistence for many people. In this aspect, this survey demonstrates that the cooperatives for selective collection of garbage allows benefits for the socially excluded strata and assists towards their insertion and social emancipation, covering several aspects: in the ecologic sense (rescuing the afflictions of the environment), in the economic sense (recovering inputs, saving raw materials and generating incomes), in the cultural sense (introducing a new culture of waste selection and separation), in the educational sense (making people aware of the harmfulness brought by garbage), in the social sense (interaction between residents of a neighborhood who have different social backgrounds), in the symbolic sense (owning an identity), in the psychological sense (a feeling of dignity and self-esteem) and in the sense of citizenship (building up civil, political and social rights). Thus, the appearance of a new personage in the social scenario: the Environmental Hygienist, a person who can transform reality. It is noteworthy that there is revelation of a new citizenship, resulting from the capabilities to perform faculties as mentioned by Sen (2001), when it is admissible to leave the social animosity of robotized people, and they become full-fledged human citizens. This might be obtained through the Social Laborer, as a result of the wheel method an intermediation gap between different people in actions that mobilize and grant social improvements at government organizations, such as the Unidade Básica de Saúde health centers, with objective proposals and within tangible reach. It should be pointed out that the residents of favelas , in this case the Real Parque, even under precarious health circumstances, are capable of being productive and to earn an income that can assure their subsistence, provided they participate in an economic organization, based on equality, solidarity and interdependence
A partir do envolvimento profissional da autora, com a favela Real Parque no cargo diretora técnica do Centro de Saúde Real Parque (Unidade Básica de Saúde), de 1987 a 2002, surgiu a idéia de um projeto de coleta seletiva de resíduos sólidos e organização um sistema de cooperativa para a geração de renda sustentável com o intuito de minimizar a pobreza da população favelada do Bairro Real Parque, situado na zona sul de São Paulo, uma das regiões mais nobres da cidade, pertencente ao distrito administrativo do Morumbi, palco da constatação de contrastes gritantes entre uma população rica e privilegiada, moradora dos condomínios altamente luxuosos e outra, tão socialmente desprotegida, moradora da favela do Real Parque. Com o objetivo de verificar se é possível a construção da cidadania em seus direitos políticos, civis e sociais com a formação de um núcleo cooperativa no Real Parque ReciclaReal, a presente pesquisa de cunho social empírico, denominada pesquisa-ação, revela dados demográficos, quantitativos e qualitativos que compreendem a realidade local e sugere a economia solidária como nova forma de organização social e alternativa de inclusão daqueles que se encontram em inserção no mercado de trabalho extremamente desfavorável. Fundamentada em autores que refletem questões sobre a construção da cidadania, observa-se que o conjunto de transformações econômicas, tecnológicas e sociais, a partir do século XX, tem produzido impactos positivos e negativos. Com relação a estes, pode-se citar, o desemprego que, principalmente no Brasil, trouxe inúmeras conseqüências para as classes mais desfavorecidas. Tais efeitos também provocaram aumento no consumo, proliferando o lixo e agravando o problema ambiental que, paradoxalmente, constitui o meio de subsistência de muitos. Neste aspecto, esta pesquisa evidencia que as cooperativas de coleta seletiva de lixo, além de beneficiarem uma parcela excluída socialmente, colaboram em sua inserção e emancipação social em vários aspectos: no sentido ecológico (resgatar as agruras do meio-ambiente), no sentido econômico (recuperação dos insumos com economia da matéria primária e geração de renda), no sentido cultural (a nova cultura de separação do lixo), no sentido educativo (sensibilização dos moradores dos malefícios causados pelo lixo), no sentido social (interação entre os moradores do bairro das classes sociais distintas), no sentido simbólico (o dispor de uma identidade), no sentido psicológico (sentimento de dignidade e auto-estima) e no sentido cidadão (a construção dos direito civis, políticos e sociais). Enfim, a aparição de um novo personagem no cenário social: os higienistas ambientais, transformadores da realidade. Destaca-se a revelação de uma nova cidadania a partir da capacidade de realizar funcionamentos , como afirma Sen (2001) quando permitem-se sair do encarniçamento social de pessoas coisificadas e se transformam em homens cidadãos. Isto pode ser conseguido através do Trabalhador Social, a partir do método da roda , um espaço de mediação entre os diferentes , em ações que se mobilizam e proporcionam melhorias sociais em organizações governamentais como uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, com propostas objetivas e de alcance real. Cabe ressaltar que os moradores de favelas, neste caso, do Real Parque, mesmo em condições precárias de saúde, são capazes de ser produtivos e obter renda que garanta sua subsistência desde que sejam participativos de uma organização econômica baseada na igualdade, solidariedade e interdependência

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The present research has as its theme the social representation of favelas in Brazilian telenovelas from the point of view of the perception of the reality-fiction articulation by residents of favelas of São Paulo, focusing both on their daily experiences, intensely tied to the practices of material consumption, and reception of fictional media content. The theoretical-conceptual framework that gives base to the study develops in the interface between communication, identity and consumption. In order to deal with the social representation of the favela and the social construction of reality, we rely on the concepts founded by Moscovici and Berger and Luckmann, as well as Jaguaribe and Valladares, who helped us to understand the imaginary construction around the idea of ​​a favela along of the historical process in which it was established in the Brazilian urban scenario. When it comes to the development of television as an important cultural media product of the country, we work essentially with Tondato, Baccega, Lopes, Hamburger. The consumption perspective was based on the ideas of Garcia Canclini, Slater, Douglas and Isherwood, Alonso and Baccega. With a view to understanding how the formation and reiteration of social representations that give meaning to the daily life of slum dwellers and that structure their own notion of reality, as well as identifying how the media content acts in the mediation of the reality around them, we had as an empirical reference, the discourses given by the residents themselves in a reception research, carried out through focus groups with residents of favelas distinct from São Paulo. In summary, we have that the social representations function as formators of the perception of the reality in which they live and of the identities of local belonging. The results confirm that social representations significantly mark the reception of telenovelas and that systems of conventions previously established and socially accepted are expected in fiction as a way to reiterate them continuously.
A presente pesquisa tem como tema a representação social das favelas nas telenovelas brasileiras do ponto de vista da percepção da articulação realidade-ficção por moradores de favelas de São Paulo, com foco tanto em suas vivências cotidianas, intensamente atreladas às práticas de consumo material, quanto na recepção do conteúdo midiático ficcional. O referencial teórico-conceitual que dá base ao estudo desenvolve-se na interface entre comunicação, identidade e consumo. Para tratar da questão da representação social da favela e da construção social da realidade, apoiamo-nos nos conceitos fundados por Moscovici e Berger e Luckmann, além de Jaguaribe e Valladares que nos auxiliaram na compreensão da construção imagética em torno da ideia de favela ao longo do processo histórico em que ela se estabeleceu no cenário urbano brasileiro. Em se tratando do desenvolvimento da televisão enquanto importante produto cultural midiático do país, trabalhamos essencialmente com Tondato, Baccega, Lopes, Hamburger. A perspectiva do consumo fundamentou-se nas ideias de Garcia Canclini, Slater, Douglas e Isherwood, Alonso e Baccega. Com vistas à compreender como se dá a formação e reiteração das representações sociais que dão sentido à vivência cotidiana dos moradores de favelas e que estruturam sua própria noção de realidade, assim como identificar como o conteúdo midiático atua na mediação da realidade à sua volta, tivemos como referencial empírico os discursos proferidos pelos próprios moradores em uma pesquisa de recepção, realizada através de grupos focais junto a moradoras de favelas distintas de São Paulo. Em síntese, temos que as representações sociais funcionam como formadoras da percepção da realidade em que vivem e das identidades de pertencimento local. Os resultados obtidos confirmam que as representações sociais marcam significativamente a recepção de telenovelas e que os sistemas de convenções previamente estabelecidos e aceitos socialmente são esperados na ficção como forma de reiterá-los continuamente.

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The aim of this study is to understand the meaning of returning to live in a shanty town based on the significance revealed by women who were removed from the Três Marias slum and were resettled in the Garagem Housing Project. It was part of the Program for the canalization of streams and construction of public roads PROCAV II implemented by the City Hall of São Paulo. The main objective is to understand the meaning that emerges from the narrative of those women focusing on a social and cultural analysis. It was defined as hypothesis that returning to live in a shantytown can be explained and understood in multiple ways, some of them based on facts of real life and others based on abstract sensations. At the same time, shanty towns are seen as areas where people build freely their house and their way of living. The methodological approach is the Oral history, a qualitative methodology that emphasizes people and their narrative as responsible for the construction of their life and fate in a limited and problematic reality. The methodology was grounded on bibliographic research, document research and research in area based on 4 semistructured interviews, participative observation and pictures taken by the subjects. The concepts adopted are: experience , culture , to live , shanty town and rooted in an interdisciplinary approach. The outcomes reveal that financial difficulties force those who were resettled to give up the housing project but this is not the only possible reason. Giving up the housing projects and returning to shanty towns can also be seen as a result of individual or familiar decision due to subjective needs and interests, which lead people to look for a transformation in life. Going back to shanty towns seems to be a possible solution, and also an option. It seems that people desire what is known, familiar and the nearest place. It was in a shanty town that the women, subject of this research, refound their roots, their feelings of belonging to a group, of belonging to an area where their neighbours have similar cultural aspects. When returning to shanty towns they rebuilt their identity so that could recognize themselves in the problems, struggle and pleasure of their routine
A presente Dissertação de Mestrado teve como objeto de estudo os significados do retorno à favela, a partir das experiências vividas por mulheres removidas da Favela Três Marias e reassentadas no Conjunto Habitacional Garagem, pelo Programa de Canalização de Córregos, Abertura de Vias e Recuperação Ambiental e Social de Fundos de Vale - PROCAV II, implantado pela Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo. O objetivo geral foi compreender os significados dessas experiências, a partir dos relatos dessas mulheres, numa perspectiva de análise sócio-cultural. Definiu-se como hipótese que os significados de retorno à favela podem ser múltiplos, e compreender dimensões inter-relacionadas de condições concretas de vida e de subjetividade, sendo a favela um espaço onde seus moradores constroem livremente não só a moradia como o modo de viver. A História Oral foi utilizada como metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa, visando dar ênfase aos sujeitos e seus relatos, construtores que são de seus destinos, entre as possibilidades e limites existentes. A metodologia abrangeu pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental, pesquisa de campo por meio de quatro entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação participante e fotografias tiradas pelos sujeitos. Os conceitos de referência adotados foram: experiência , cultura , habitar , favela e enraizamento , em uma abordagem interdisciplinar. Os resultados apontaram que o fator econômico conduz pessoas reassentadas a saírem de conjuntos habitacionais, mas que este não é o único determinante. A saída dos conjuntos apresenta-se como resultado de uma decisão individual ou familiar, devido também a necessidades e interesses subjetivos, que as conduzem à mudança de espaço em busca de transformação da vida pessoal. Voltar para a favela aparece como a solução possível, mas também como uma opção . Pretender o conhecido, o familiar, o próximo. Foi na favela que as mulheres, sujeitos desta pesquisa, retomaram suas raízes, o sentimento de pertença a um grupo e a um espaço com suas práticas culturais comuns, e reconstruíram o processo de formação de identidade social, de modo que se reconheçam nos percalços, nas lutas, e nos prazeres do viver cotidiano

Die Arbeit beschreibt im Kontext eines gesellschaftspolitischen und sozialräumlichen Wandels Prozesse der Ausgrenzung benachteiligter Bevölkerungsgruppen am Beispiel eines Marginalviertels, der Villa Itatí in Buenos Aires. In Form der Beschreibung der Effekte des Lebensortes Villa Itatí, der Effekte seines materiell-physischen Substrates, seiner Sozialstruktur sowie seines symbolischen Systems, sollen die ambivalenten Wirkungen einer Ausgrenzung dargestellt werden. Der Lebensort wird als Beschränkung und gleichzeitige Ressource gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe bewertet. Als Planer in einem städtebaulichen und soziologischen Verständnis erfasse ich damit den Status Quo als Ausgangslage, um darauf aufbauend Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer verändernden, integrativen Planung zu erörtern. Die Erkenntnisse aus einem fremdkulturellen Kontext sollen dabei in die hiesige Diskussion um Ausgrenzung bzw. um Quartiere der Ausgrenzung eingebunden werden. Die vorhandenen Daten basieren zum überwiegenden Teil auf einem Feldforschungsaufenthalt vor Ort. Sie wurden mittels einer Kombination verschiedener qualitativer Methoden erhoben: einer teilnehmenden Beobachtung im Feld im Sinne einer ethnographischen Feldforschung, ergänzt durch leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Bewohnern und Schlüsselfiguren des Viertels sowie verschiedenen externen Experten mit professioneller Beziehung zur Villa Itatí. Daneben wurde, gleichbedeutend, die räumliche Gestalt und Einbindung sowie die infrastrukturelle Ausstattung des Viertels im Sinne einer städtebaulichen Bestandsaufnahme kartiert und durch Fotografie illustriert. Ergänzt werden die vor Ort erhobenen Daten durch eine Auswertung von Zeitungsartikeln zur Villa Itatí sowie einer Sekundäranalyse vorhandener Datenquellen.

Since the late 1970s internal migration has become a fundamental feature of economic and social change in the People’s Republic of China. So has rapid urbanization as the rural population moves to the cities and towns in search for work. In the process, new urban spaces have been created that not only provide the springboard for economic development but also present challenges for social coherence and stability. Considerable attention has been focussed on the impact of this migration on the larger cities and on the migrants to those cities; processes that inevitably highlight the difficulties of China’s socio-economic transformation. Nonetheless, the experiences of those cities represent but one of the country’s urban realities. In fact, the majority of China’s urban population live in a highly dispersed system formed by thousands of small cities and towns. Through the examination of a county in North China (Hongtong County, Shanxi Province) and its county town (Dahuishu Town) this study suggests that outside the larger cities there may be alternative accounts of urban social change and the integration of rural migrant workers. Empirical findings point to greater openness and flexibility in the incorporation of rural workers. Though shortcomings are still observed, there is also considerable governmental and social awareness of the problems brought by rural -urban migration and urbanization processes; a willingness to act and a capacity to promote and deliver greater social inclusion. Dahuaishu Town’s distinct development experience has allowed for the construction of a more inclusive social environment, one which provides all inhabitants, including rural workers with a platform towards advancing their economic and social well-being. Impossible as it is to be representative of town development throughout China, this study provides an example of and a guide to alternative development processes to those documented in large urban centres. Small town urban development in Hongtong County is not a resolved issue, but it suggests that China’s transformation may not necessarily result in dysfunctional and socially polarized urban environments.

Since the late 1970s internal migration has become a fundamental feature of economic and social change in the People’s Republic of China. So has rapid urbanization as the rural population moves to the cities and towns in search for work. In the process, new urban spaces have been created that not only provide the springboard for economic development but also present challenges for social coherence and stability. Considerable attention has been focussed on the impact of this migration on the larger cities and on the migrants to those cities; processes that inevitably highlight the difficulties of China’s socio-economic transformation. Nonetheless, the experiences of those cities represent but one of the country’s urban realities. In fact, the majority of China’s urban population live in a highly dispersed system formed by thousands of small cities and towns. Through the examination of a county in North China (Hongtong County, Shanxi Province) and its county town (Dahuishu Town) this study suggests that outside the larger cities there may be alternative accounts of urban social change and the integration of rural migrant workers. Empirical findings point to greater openness and flexibility in the incorporation of rural workers. Though shortcomings are still observed, there is also considerable governmental and social awareness of the problems brought by rural -urban migration and urbanization processes; a willingness to act and a capacity to promote and deliver greater social inclusion. Dahuaishu Town’s distinct development experience has allowed for the construction of a more inclusive social environment, one which provides all inhabitants, including rural workers with a platform towards advancing their economic and social well-being. Impossible as it is to be representative of town development throughout China, this study provides an example of and a guide to alternative development processes to those documented in large urban centres. Small town urban development in Hongtong County is not a resolved issue, but it suggests that China’s transformation may not necessarily result in dysfunctional and socially polarized urban environments.

Este trabalho de pesquisa de mestrado aporta temas relacionados as remoções de favelas em São Paulo diante de um cenário de avanço das políticas neoliberais, a partir da experiência da remoção de aproximadamente 500 famílias da região do Aeroporto de Congonhas para a implantação da Linha 17 - Ouro do Metrô, em formato de Monotrilho ou Veículo Leve sobre Trilhos (VLT). A remoção das famílias afetadas foi iniciada pela Companhia de Desenvolvimento Habitacional e Urbano (CDHU) em 2012, seguindo diretrizes do convênio firmado com o Metrô no ano anterior. Até o momento a obra de mobilidade não foi finalizada pelo Governo do Estado de São Paulo, tampouco as unidades habitacionais prometidas, como uma das formas de reassentamento, foram sequer iniciadas. O que diferencia esta remoção das demais é a oferta pelo poder público - sem restrições de valores para o acesso - de indenizações que mimetizam as indenizações oferecidas para proprietários que possuem título, ou seja, o pagamento de uma recompensa monetária pelo valor da terra (neste caso, tempo de permanência) somada à recompensa pela benfeitoria. Entre 2012 e 2014 a maioria das famílias foi removida compulsoriamente das áreas afetadas e mais de 70% optaram pela indenização em detrimento da unidade habitacional no mesmo local da remoção. Este alto percentual surpreendeu a todos os envolvidos, principalmente, pelo fato de que as famílias em questão moravam há muitos anos nesses assentamentos precários, datados em sua maioria da década de 1950, o que em tese deveria ampliar seu desejo de permanência no local. Por meio de pesquisa de campo realizada em 2015 com 47 famílias que fizeram a opção pela indenização, identificou-se na amostra uma grande preocupação em investir a indenização em habitação (mesmo que não houvesse uma preocupação na mesma proporção com a regularidade formal das novas moradias), porém de maneira independente do poder público, com quem a relação de descrédito esteve presente durante todo o processo de remoção e após ela. Ainda que o objetivo de reassentar tenha sido cumprido na maioria dos casos, os resultados apontam para uma dispersão no território que implicou em perda de vínculos afetivos, profissionais, institucionais, além do aumento do deslocamento das famílias - que via de regra foram ocupar locais mais distantes que o ponto de remoção -, desconectando estas famílias do território de origem.
This master\'s research study deals with issues related to the removal of favelas in São Paulo from a scenario of advancement of neoliberal policies, based on the experience of the removal of approximately 500 families from the region of Congonhas Airport for the implementation of Line 17 - Gold of the Subway, in Monorail or Light Rail Vehicle (VLT) format. The removal of the affected families was initiated by the Housing and Urban Development Company (CDHU) in 2012, following guidelines of the agreement signed with the Metro in the previous year. Up to now, the work of mobility has not been finished by the São Paulo State Government, nor have the promised housing units, one of the forms of resettlement, had their construction even started. What differentiates this removal from the others is the offer from the public power - without restrictions of values for access - of indemnities that mimic the ones offered to owners who hold title, that is, the payment of a monetary reward for the value of the land (in this Case, length of stay) added to the reward for the house improvement. Between 2012 and 2014 most families were compulsorily removed from the affected areas and more than 70% opted for compensation at the expense of the housing unit at the same place of removal. This high percentage was surprising for everyone involved, mainly by the fact that the families in question had lived in these precarious settlements for many years, most of them dating back to the 1950s, which in theory should have broaden their desire to stay in the area. Through a field survey conducted in 2015 with 47 families who made the option of compensation, the interviewees showed a great concern in investing the compensation in housing (even though there was not a concern in the same proportion about the formal regularity of the new housing), but independent from the public authority, with whom the relationship of discredit was present throughout the removal process and after it. Although the goal of resettlement has been fulfilled in most cases, the results point to a dispersion in the territory that has entailed loss of affective, professional and institutional ties, as well as an increase in the displacement of families - which, as a rule, were to occupy areas that are mostly distant from the point of removal - by disconnecting these families from their home territory.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This research aims to reflect on the influence of faith for the social transformation in Heliopolis shanty town through religious practices. Focused on some representative actions in the fight for housing in the 1970-1993 period and better life conditions in the shanty town as well as in the city of São Paulo, the research observes whether the religious practices can be considered a motivator for the social transformation or not. The research wants to question about the influence of faith for the engagement of the people actively involved in the housing movement in the shanty town and how this faith is shown amidst the fight for better life conditions.
A pesquisa se propõe a refletir sobre a influência da fé na transformação social da favela de Heliópolis. Focada em algumas ações representativas da luta por moradia, no período de 1970 a 1993, e na conquista de melhores condições de vida na favela e na cidade de São Paulo, a pesquisa observa como as práticas religiosas servem ou não de motivação para a transformação social. A pesquisa pergunta pela influência da fé no engajamento de indivíduos denvolvidos ativamente no movimento de moradia na favela e como essa fé se evidencia em meio à luta por melhores condições de vida.

Association d'origine protestante, la Cimade naît en 1939 pour venir en aide aux Alsaciens-Lorrains repliés dans le sud-ouest de la France. Son action s'oriente vers l'accueil des réfugiés dans les lieux d'enfermement et de relégation. Son histoire permet d'aborder sous un angle particulier les années 1940, les camps d'internement français et la Shoah, la Libération, l'épuration, la reconstruction et les mutations du système pénitentiaire. La Cimade œuvre durant la Guerre d'Algérie auprès des populations algériennes dans les camps de regroupement et en métropole dans les centres d'accueil des familles harkies comme indochinoises et dans les bidonvilles où vivent les travailleurs post-coloniaux. Enfin,le gouvernement fait appel à la Cimade en 1984 pour intervenir dans les centres de rétention administrative auprès des étrangers reconduits à la frontière. Sa présence est exclusive jusqu'en 2007. L'histoire de cette association permet de saisir comment d'une assistance humanitaire, l'action bascule vers une "juridiciarisation" dès les années 1970. La continuité de sa présence livre une lecture originale de la gestion des étrangers en France. Interface entre "le dedans et le dehors", la Cimade est en tension permanente avec l'Etat. Association de terrain, pouvant sembler participer à la cogestion du système de l'enfermement, elle ne renonce pas à son militantisme ancré à gauche et dénonce ce qu'elle considère comme des cas d'injustices. Son action est représentative de l'ambiguïté de l'interventionnisme associatif. Ce travail de thèse met en lumière les repositionnements et la progressive sécularisation d'une association protestante qui traverse une partie du XXème siècle,"siècle des camps"
Originally a Protestant association,the Cimade was created in 1939 to help people from Alsace-Lorraine,who had taken refuge in the south-west of France.Its action was mainly based on welcoming refugees in confinement and banishment places.Its history helps to understand the 1940s,the French internment camps and the Shoah as well as the purge then post-war reconstruction and the penitentiary reform.During the Algerian war,the association worked both in grouping camps in Algeria and in France where the members of the FLN were assigned.During decolonisation,it gave assistance to harkies and Indochinese families in reception centres as well as to post-colonial workers in shanty towns.As soon as 1984,the government urged the Cimade to work with foreigners escorted to the border in administrative confinement centres.Its presence was exclusive until 2007.The history of this association helps to understand how humanitarian assistance became a cause lawering in the early 1970s.Its permanent presence in camps enables us to consider the specific approach to the governments policies concerning foreigners in France.Working as an interface between "the inside and the outside",the Cimade,throughout its history,was in constant tension with govenments.Although being an association in the field,seemingly involved in joint management of the confinement system,the Cimade didn’t give up its left-centered activism, denouncing what they considered as a justice denial. Its action is representative of the ambiguities of the associations interventionism.This research highlights the repositioning and the progressive secularization of the association throughout the 20th century,the century of camps

The aim of this thesis is to advance our understanding of the nature of settlements associated with mines. The four sites chosen for closer examination include: Adjungbilly Creek, Snowball Creek, Reno, and Gobarralong.

Die Arbeit beschreibt im Kontext eines gesellschaftspolitischen und sozialräumlichen Wandels Prozesse der Ausgrenzung benachteiligter Bevölkerungsgruppen am Beispiel eines Marginalviertels, der Villa Itatí in Buenos Aires. In Form der Beschreibung der Effekte des Lebensortes Villa Itatí, der Effekte seines materiell-physischen Substrates, seiner Sozialstruktur sowie seines symbolischen Systems, sollen die ambivalenten Wirkungen einer Ausgrenzung dargestellt werden. Der Lebensort wird als Beschränkung und gleichzeitige Ressource gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe bewertet. Als Planer in einem städtebaulichen und soziologischen Verständnis erfasse ich damit den Status Quo als Ausgangslage, um darauf aufbauend Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer verändernden, integrativen Planung zu erörtern. Die Erkenntnisse aus einem fremdkulturellen Kontext sollen dabei in die hiesige Diskussion um Ausgrenzung bzw. um Quartiere der Ausgrenzung eingebunden werden. Die vorhandenen Daten basieren zum überwiegenden Teil auf einem Feldforschungsaufenthalt vor Ort. Sie wurden mittels einer Kombination verschiedener qualitativer Methoden erhoben: einer teilnehmenden Beobachtung im Feld im Sinne einer ethnographischen Feldforschung, ergänzt durch leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Bewohnern und Schlüsselfiguren des Viertels sowie verschiedenen externen Experten mit professioneller Beziehung zur Villa Itatí. Daneben wurde, gleichbedeutend, die räumliche Gestalt und Einbindung sowie die infrastrukturelle Ausstattung des Viertels im Sinne einer städtebaulichen Bestandsaufnahme kartiert und durch Fotografie illustriert. Ergänzt werden die vor Ort erhobenen Daten durch eine Auswertung von Zeitungsartikeln zur Villa Itatí sowie einer Sekundäranalyse vorhandener Datenquellen.:1 Einführung 2 Sozialräumlicher Kontext Buenos Aires 3 Theoretische Fundierung: Prozesse der Ausgrenzung und ihre Ambivalenz 4 Konzeptionalisierung: Forschung im Feld 5 Villa Itatí: Herstellung und räumliche Gestalt des Lebensortes 6 Villa Itatí: Soziale Organisation und Regulierung des Lebensortes 7 Villa Itatí: Symbolische Repräsentation des Lebensortes 8 Ambivalenz der Ausgrenzung und Perspektiven integrativer Planung 9 Anhang