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Journal articles on the topic 'Shanty Town'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 May 2024

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1

Fang, De Wei. "Study on the Reconstruction Implementation Barriers of Urban Shanty Towns of Harbin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.65.

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Solving the housing problem for urban low-income people is one of important issues of the housing policy and urban planning in China. Shanty towns which were left from old days are now the main housing source for low-income populations; therefore, shanty town reconstruction has been taken as a resolution for solving housing problems for low-income people. However, the current land policy, real estate development policy, urban planning laws and regulations are insufficient in solving the shanty town reconstruction difficulties and more likely become barriers of it. A number of indicators such as building density, per capita living space, land prices and floor area ratio are used to determine how successful the shanty town reconstruction being implemented. In this article, a flexible solution on political and regulatory basis for solving shanty town reconstruction difficulties will be proposed by systematically analyzing various economical and technical indicators.

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2

Radrigán, Juan. "Shanty Town Theatre." Index on Censorship 14, no. 1 (February 1985): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064228508533825.

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3

He, Y., and Y. He. "URBAN SHANTY TOWN RECOGNITION BASED ON HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES AND NATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL MONITORING FEATURES – A CASE STUDY OF NANNING CITY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-517-2018.

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Urban shanty towns are communities that has contiguous old and dilapidated houses with more than 2000 square meters built-up area or more than 50 households. This study makes attempts to extract shanty towns in Nanning City using the product of Census and TripleSat satellite images. With 0.8-meter high-resolution remote sensing images, five texture characteristics (energy, contrast, maximum probability, and inverse difference moment) of shanty towns are trained and analyzed through GLCM. In this study, samples of shanty town are well classified with 98.2&thinsp;% producer accuracy of unsupervised classification and 73.2&thinsp;% supervised classification correctness. Low-rise and mid-rise residential blocks in Nanning City are classified into 4 different types by using k-means clustering and nearest neighbour classification respectively. This study initially establish texture feature descriptions of different types of residential areas, especially low-rise and mid-rise buildings, which would help city administrator evaluate residential blocks and reconstruction shanty towns.

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4

Issler, Roberto M. S., Elsa R. J. Giugliani, Guilherme T. Kreutz, Clarice F. Meneses, Elisa B. Justo, Valerie M. Kreutz, and Milton Pires. "Poverty levels and children's health status: study of risk factors in an urban population of low socioeconomic level." Revista de Saúde Pública 30, no. 6 (December 1996): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101996000600003.

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To test the hypothesis that the low socioeconomic population living is shanty towns in Porto Alegre presents different levels of poverty which are reflected on its health status, a cross-sectional study was designed involving 477 families living in Vila Grande Cruzeiro, Porto Alegre, Brazil. The poverty level of the families was measured by using an instrument specifically designed for poor urban populations. Children from families living in extreme poverty (poorest quartile) were found to have higher infant mortality rate, lower birth weights, more hospitalizations, and higher malnutrition rates, in addition to belonging to more numerous families. Thus, the shanty town population of Porto Alegre is not homogeneous, and priority should be given to the more vulnerable subgroups.

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5

Carpenter, Stephen. "Work in a shanty town in South Africa." Medical Journal of Australia 154, no. 4 (February 1991): 260–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb121086.x.

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6

Díaz, J. F., R. H. Gilman, and L. Cabrera. "Maternal reporting of birthweight in a Peruvian shanty town." American Journal of Public Health 83, no. 8 (August 1993): 1177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.83.8.1177.

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7

Gaucher, C., D. Jeulin, and P. Peycru. "Homœopathic treatment of cholera in Peru:." British Homeopathic Journal 81, no. 01 (January 1992): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-0785(05)80287-x.

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AbstractThe medical charity Homéopaths sans Frontières sent a mission to a shanty town in Peru during the current cholera epidemic. Homœopathic treatment was combined with fluid and electrolyte therapy. Results appeared favourable. A small-scale uncontrolled study is reported. Further studies are being undertaken.

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8

Oriá, R. B., P. D. Patrick, M. O. B. Oriá, B. Lorntz, M. R. Thompson, O. G. R. Azevedo, R. N. B. Lobo, R. F. Pinkerton, R. L. Guerrant, and A. A. M. Lima. "ApoE polymorphisms and diarrheal outcomes in Brazilian shanty town children." Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 43, no. 3 (March 2010): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500003.

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9

Yeager, Beth A. C., Sharon R. A. Huttly, Rosario Bartolini, Martha Rojas, and Claudio F. Lanata. "Defecation practices of young children in a Peruvian shanty town." Social Science & Medicine 49, no. 4 (August 1999): 531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00119-7.

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10

CONNERY, T. P. "A Primary Health Care Project in a Colombian Shanty-town." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 33, no. 5 (October 1, 1987): 284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/33.5.284.

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11

Gonzales, M., K. R. Smith, and M. Penny. "CHILDRENʼS EXPOSURE TO INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANTS IN A PERUVIAN SHANTY TOWN." Epidemiology 9, Supplement (July 1998): S135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199807001-00458.

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12

Copeland, Curtis C., Benjamin B. Beers, Meghan R. Thompson, Relana P. Fitzgerald, Leah J. Barrett, Jesus E. Sevilleja, Sayonara Alencar, Aldo A. M. Lima, and Richard L. Guerrant. "Faecal contamination of drinking water in a Brazilian shanty town: importance of household storage and new human faecal marker testing." Journal of Water and Health 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.081.

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Worldwide, contaminated drinking water poses a major health threat, particularly to child development. Diarrhoea represents a large part of the water-related disease burden and enteric infections have been linked to nutritional and growth shortfalls as well as long-term physical and cognitive impairment in children. Previous studies detailed the frequency of infection and the consequences for child health in a shanty town in north-east Brazil. To determine the frequency of contaminated water, we measured faecal contamination in primary drinking water samples from 231 randomly selected households. Risk for contamination was compared across source and storage types. Nearly a third of the study households (70/231: 30.3%) had contaminated drinking water; the source with the highest frequency of contamination was well water (23/24: 95.8%). For tap water, the type of storage had a significant effect on the susceptibility to contamination (χ2=12.090; p=0.007). The observed pattern of contamination demonstrated the relative potential contributions of both source and storage. With evidence that supports the inclusion of source and storage in water quality surveys, this study, like others, suggests that contaminated drinking water in storage vessels may be an important factor for the documented diarrhoea disease burden in the Brazilian shanty town.

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13

Gilman, Robert H., Grace S. Marquis, and Elba Miranda. "Prevalence and symptoms of Enterobius vermicularis infections in a Peruvian shanty town." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 85, no. 6 (January 1991): 761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(91)90448-8.

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14

Ali, Aliyah, and Muhammad Nadeemullah. "A Study Of The Effects Of Contaminated Water On Women Of Shanty Town." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 5, no. 1 (December 8, 2011): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v5i1.385.

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In today's world many environmental hazards are made due to dangerous human activities. Industrialization and urbanization both are responsible for the destruction of environment. Pollution caused by human activities can be controlled but due to fragile environmental policies and lack of implementation on environmental laws it is increasing day by day. Issue of contaminated water also needs serious attention. Humans have active relationship with environment. Due to multiple roles women perform in a society she has a closer relationship with the environment. She is responsible for fetching water, cooking food, cleaning of household and sanitation activities. Therefore any problem with the quantity or quality of water impact women directly. Lack of clean drinking water is one of the major cause of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to find out the effects of contaminated water on women's health in an urban slum area of Karachi.

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15

Marquis, G. S., G. Ventura, R. H. Gilman, E. Porras, E. Miranda, L. Carbajal, and M. Pentafiel. "Fecal contamination of shanty town toddlers in households with non-corralled poultry, Lima, Peru." American Journal of Public Health 80, no. 2 (February 1990): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.80.2.146.

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16

Esengil, Zeynep, and Hüseyin Kahvecioğlu. "TRANSFORMATION OF A SHANTY TOWN AFTER 1980 BUILT ON THE STORY OF RURAL IMMIGRATION." e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy 11, no. 3 (July 22, 2016): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12739/nwsa.2016.11.3.3c0146.

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17

Fernandez-Concha, Diego, Robert H. Gilman, and Josephine B. Gilman. "A home nutritional rehabilitation programme in a Peruvian peri-urban shanty town (pueblo joven)." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 85, no. 6 (January 1991): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(91)90465-b.

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18

Jackson, Kimberly. "Dejects and Cannibals." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 7, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 134–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v7i2.476.

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Ana Lily Amirpour’s 2017 film The Bad Batch is a nightmare of postmodern abjection. Set in a desert wasteland in Texas, the film depicts a quasi-futuristic society that starkly reveals the dark underside of contemporary society, here portrayed in two realms, both exhibiting the height of abjection: the cannibal town called the Bridge and the shanty town of Comfort, where a lone perverse patriarch impregnates all the women while doling out steady doses of LSD to contain the masses. Borrowing from Julia Kristeva’s description of the ‘deject’ in her work Powers of Horror, this analysis focuses on those characters who ultimately choose neither of these options. Having confronted and internalized the abject, these characters become eternal exiles, achieving a measure of liberation by assuming and embodying their partiality and by embracing ‘a weight of meaninglessness, about which there is nothing insignificant’ (Kristeva, J., 1982: 2).

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19

Azeredo, Rozete Silveira, José Paulo Gagliardi Leite, Hélio Gelli Pereira, Mirían Noemi Vidal, Fritz Sutmoller, Yves Maurice, and Hermann Gonçalves Schatzmayr. "A serological investigation of rotavirus infections in a shanty town population in Rio de Janeiro." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 31, no. 4 (August 1989): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651989000400009.

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The presence of antibodies against rotavirus was investigated by enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in two distinct groups of children living in a shanty town in Rio de Janeiro. One hundred and thirty six plasma samples were randomly collected from children of 0 to 33 months (first group) and 255 serum samples were collected from other 85 children at ages of 2, 6 and 9 months (second group). A high percentage of antibodies were found in the newborn children and this rate decreased progressively until the age of 11 months, after which it increased again. At the age of 7 months, geometric mean antibody titers increased indicating that infection had occurred.

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20

Penny, M. E., S. Murad, S. S. Madrid, T. S. Herrera, A. Piñeiro, D. E. Caceres, and C. F. Lanata. "Respiratory symptoms, asthma, exercise test spirometry, and atopy in schoolchildren from a Lima shanty town." Thorax 56, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.56.8.607.

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BACKGROUNDLittle is known about the associations between symptoms of asthma, pulmonary function tests, and atopy in developing countries. While asthma in children is often associated with atopy, some studies of wheezing illness have found little or no association, leading to suggestions that there are subgroups of wheezing illness. The ISAAC study recently reported that the prevalence of reported asthma symptoms in Lima, Peru was among the highest in the world, but did not report on the atopic status of the subjects.METHODSA cross sectional survey was conducted of children aged 8–10 years who had previously participated in a cohort study of respiratory and diarrhoeal illnesses in infancy. Questionnaires were administered asking about respiratory symptoms and asthma diagnoses, pulmonary function tests were performed before and after exercise on a treadmill, and atopy was determined from skin prick tests and specific serum IgE levels.RESULTSA total of 793 children participated in the survey. The prevalence of asthma related symptoms in the last 12 months was 23.2%, but only 3.8% of children reported a recent asthma attack. The mean differences in pretest percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were 8.1% (95% CI 2.4 to 13.8) between children who did and did not report an asthma attack in the last 12 months, and 5.3% (95% CI 2.8 to 7.9) in children who did and did not report respiratory symptoms. The corresponding differences in mean percentage fall in FEV1 after exercise were 3.1% (95% CI –1 to 7.1) and 5.1% (95% CI 3.4 to 6.8). Recent asthma or respiratory symptoms were not associated with atopy in this population (odds ratios 1.29 (95% CI 0.56 to 2.97) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.61 to 1.37), respectively).CONCLUSIONSMost asthma in these children was unrecognised and mild. Asthma and asthma symptoms in this population do not seem to be related to atopy.

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21

Marín, Carmen M., JoséLuis Segura, Caryn Bern, David S. Freedman, A. Guillermo Lescano, Luis E. Benavente, Luis G. Cordero, Laura Clavijo, and Josephine B. Gilman. "Seasonal change in nutritional status among young children in an urban shanty town in Peru." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 90, no. 4 (July 1996): 442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90541-6.

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22

Penny, M. E. "Respiratory symptoms, asthma, exercise test spirometry, and atopy in schoolchildren from a Lima shanty town." Thorax 56, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.56.8.607.

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23

Stewart, Jackie, Leslie Swartz, and Catherine Ward. "THE PERSONAL POLITICS OF DISASTER: NARRATIVES OF SURVIVORS OF A SOUTH AFRICAN SHANTY TOWN FIRE." Journal of Community Psychology 40, no. 4 (April 18, 2012): 422–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20522.

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24

Roller, Michael P. "“The Destructive Character”: The Recapitalization of a Shanty Town into a Suburb (after a Brief Emancipation)." Historical Archaeology 53, no. 3-4 (December 2019): 634–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41636-019-00210-x.

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25

Toomey, Bernard. "Slums of Hope: Land Tenure Reforms, Local Economic Development and Environmental Improvement in a Kenyan Shanty Town." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 25, no. 3 (May 2010): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690941003784317.

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26

Yeager, B. A. C. "An intervention for the promotion of hygienic feces disposal behaviors in a shanty town of Lima, Peru." Health Education Research 17, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): 761–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/17.6.761.

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27

Rahman, SR, MF Ahmed, and A. Begum. "Occurrence of Urinary Tract Infection in Adolescent and Adult Women of Shanty Town in Dhaka City, Bangladesh." Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences 24, no. 2 (April 14, 2014): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v24i2.7.

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28

Garvey, Timothy J. "The Spectacle of Plains: Public Evidence, Personal Invention, and the Painting of Roger Brown." Journal of American Studies 30, no. 2 (August 1996): 233–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800027067.

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In late March, 1977, in the midst of mocking jabs at the televised Nixon interviews, the U.S. Postal service, and genetic engineering, Chicago Tribune cartoonist Wayne Stayskal fired off one quick frame on the plight of newly elected President Jimmy Carter's hometown of Plains, Georgia. The cartoon presented a group of typically chunky, grinning Stayskal characters awkwardly bumping along with a pack of hounds before a solitary wooden shanty labeled “PLAINS.” As they jog along, the guide looks back from his straining hounds to drawl, “Hot dang… th'ar on Billy's trail ag'in folks!” Stayskal's cartoon clearly stemmed from a front page article in the Tribune of the previous day. Entitled “Tourists, Fear Rout Billy Out of Plains,” the story explained how fear for his family's safety in the suddenly popular small town had finally forced Billy Carter to move to an even more remote location several miles away. Yet while this was quite obviously the impetus behind this cartoon, the short notice of Billy's intended retreat from Plains was actually just one of many media references to the changing character of the town in the wake of his older brother's victories at the polls. Beginning in the spring of the previous year as Jimmy Carter suddenly emerged to gain the Democratic presidential nomination, Plains had risen just as rapidly to become the most famous small town in America. And at the peak of its early notoriety in 1977, Roger Brown characterized what this really meant for the town in a complex painting entitled Two Couples Viewing the Spectacle of Erosion at Providence Canyon Near Plains, Georgia (figure 1).

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29

Guinness, E. A. "III. Profile and Prevalence of the Brain Fag Syndrome: Psychiatric Morbidity in School Populations in Africa." British Journal of Psychiatry 160, S16 (April 1992): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000296785.

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The profile and prevalence of a syndrome of somaticised anxiety associated with education in Africa was explored by survey of 2040 senior secondary school students in different types of school: rural, urban, and elite. Response to two different screening methods, an open question to elicit symptoms spontaneously, and the SRQ-24, was compared. Symptom prevalence was higher in rural schools, 34%, than periurban, 22%, and elite, 6%, but the central urban school serving a shanty town was also high at 35%. Three categories of the culturally relevant symptoms were identified - somatic, cognitive and ‘spiritual’ - with affective symptoms sparsely represented in the cultural idiom. The SRQ-24 items screening for psychosis were associated with a range of spontaneous symptoms representing anxiety. This ‘spiritual’ expression of neurosis reflects the world views and beliefs of the culture. Intensification under stress could produce the picture of transient reactive psychosis.

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Stewart, Haeden, Kendra Jungkind, and Robert Losey. "Life on the fence line. Early 20th-century life in Ross Acreage." Archaeological Dialogues 27, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203820000094.

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AbstractDespite widespread attention to the recent past as an archaeological topic, few archaeologists have attended to the particular social and ecological stakes of one of the most defining material features of contemporary life: the long-term effects of toxic industrial waste. Identifying the present era as the high Capitalocene, this article highlights the contemporary as a period caught between the boom-and-bust cycles of capitalist production and the persistence of industrial waste. Drawing on an archaeological case study from Edmonton, Alberta, we outline how the working-class shanty town community of Ross Acreage (occupied 1900–1950) was formed in relation to the industrial waste that suffused its landscape. Drawing on data from both archaeological excavation and environmental testing, this article argues that the community of Ross Acreage was defined materially by its long-term relationship with industrial waste, what we term a ‘fence-line community’.

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31

Marinaro, Isabella Clough. "Integration or marginalization? The failures of social policy for the Roma in Rome." Modern Italy 8, no. 2 (November 2003): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1353294032000131247.

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SummaryThis article examines Rome City Council's policies concerning the Roma during Francesco Rutelli's two terms as mayor (1993-2001). It demonstrates that the Rutelli administration's policies for these minority communities shifted from a superficial but genuine attempt to overcome aspects of marginalization to a criminalizing strategy of exclusion. It is argued here that the failure significantly to improve the social conditions of the Roma was due to (a) a refusal to tackle the inter-related causes of their social exclusion and (b) submission to the anti-Roma hostility of parts of the voting public. Following the demolition of Rome's largest shanty town in October 2000, the Council was unable to house many of the Roma it had made homeless. It would seem that a ‘cleaning-up’ campaign was intro duced to distance undocumented individuals and those with criminal records from the city through a notable rise in police raids. This change in approach was accompanied and justified by an intensification of ethnicized public order discourse.

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Treuke, Stephan. "Economic Integration versus Social Avoidance: Assessing Neighborhood Relationships Between the Shanty Town of Calabar and its Surrounding Upper-class Gated Communities | Integração econômica vs evitamento social: analisando relações de bairro entre a favela de Calabar e os condomínios de elite circundantes." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 21, no. 1 (January 24, 2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2019v21n1p117.

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This research assesses the impact of neighborhood effects on the well-being of thirty inhabitants in Calabar, a shanty-town set within an upper-class area of Salvador (Brazil). We adopted a threefold methodological framework in order to explore the material, social and symbolic dimensions of the neighborhood effects based on a set of interviews. With regard to the material dimension, cross-class interactions via the employment nexus are fostered through geographic proximity; however social segmentation regarding access to schools, hospitals and leisure activities have reinforced the social hierarchies. In the social dimension, a high degree of cohesion and solidarity has entailed positive implications for the job search processes, access to resources and a strengthening of territorial identity. With the symbolic dimension, statistical discrimination has entailed deleterious effects on economic integration. In conclusion, the hypothesis of an opportunity-enriching environment should be subjected to careful scrutiny since the economic integration of the inhabitants neither bridges the social distances nor impedes place-based discrimination.

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Cid, Alejandro. "Giving a second chance: an after-school programme in a shanty town interacted with parent type: lessons from a randomized trial." Educational Research and Evaluation 20, no. 5 (July 4, 2014): 348–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13803611.2014.968589.

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Ibrahim, Fouad N. "The conditions of the Southern Sudanese Women Migrants in Abu Siid Shanty Town, Omdurman, Sudan ? A Case Study of Cultural Change." GeoJournal 20, no. 3 (March 1990): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00642990.

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Marquis, Grace S., Judith Dı́az, Rosario Bartolini, Hilary Creed de Kanashiro, and Kathleen M. Rasmussen. "Recognizing the reversible nature of child-feeding decisions: Breastfeeding, weaning, and relactation patterns in a shanty town community of Lima, Peru." Social Science & Medicine 47, no. 5 (September 1998): 645–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00130-0.

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36

Salomon, Frank. "Indian Women of Early Colonial Quito as Seen Through Their Testaments." Americas 44, no. 3 (January 1988): 325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1006910.

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By the turn of the seventeenth century a generation of Andean natives, both Inca and aboriginal, had made lifelong homes within the strongholds of the European invaders. As they entered old age they inhabited an urban landscape whose “Indian” sector had become very diverse. In Quito and other colonial cities some of them dwelled in old pre-hispanic settlements whose closeness to new Hispanic centers had turned them into multiethnic “Indian” ghettos. Quito's Añaquito and Machángara are examples. Many others had settled illegally but permanently inside the Spanish nuclear city, so much so that in the 1580s Spaniards remarked on the growth of a “big shanty town” in its midst. Notarial records show, too, that center city streets housed colonies of “Indian” artisans specializing in European arts like iron working, embroidery, and tailoring. Rich enclaves of Inca and aboriginal nobles lived close to Spanish clerics and officials. Specialist traders delegated by native lords, and native entrepreneurs in the Spanish economy, rented permanent workplaces and dwellings downtown. Finally a large contingent, especially of women, lived as servants or concubines in Spanish houses or had usufruct of separate urban houses. In 1600 there were probably more different ways to be an urban Indian than there are today.

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37

Nascimento, Jussara P., Marilda M. Siqueira, Frits Sutmoller, Murilo M. Krawczuk, Vivian de Farias, Vanja Ferreira, and Maria José Rodrigues. "Longitudinal study of acute respiratory diseases in Rio de Janeiro: occurrence of respiratory viruses during four consecutive years." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 33, no. 4 (August 1991): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651991000400008.

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The occurrence of different viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions from children less than 5 years old with acute respiratory infections (ARI) was investigated over a period of 4 years (1982-1985) in Rio de Janeiro. Of the viruses known to be associated with ARI, all but influenza C and parainfluenza types 1, 2 and 4 were found. Viruses were found more frequently in children attending emergency or pediatric wards than in outpatients. This was clearly related to the high incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in the more severe cases of ARI. RSV positive specimens appeared mainly during the fall, over four consecutive years, showing a clear seasonal ocurrence of this virus. Emergency wards provide the best source of data for RSV surveillance, showing sharp increase in the number of positive cases coinciding with increased incidence of ARI cases. Adenovirus were the second most frequent viruses isolated and among these serotypes 1,2 and 7 were predominant. Influenza virus and parainfluenza virus type 3 were next in frequency. Influenza A virus were isolated with equal frequency in outpatient departments, emergency and pediatric wards. Influenza B was more frequent among outpatients. Parainfluenza type 3 caused outbreaks in the shanty town population annually during the late winter or spring and were isolated mainly from outpatients. Herpesvirus, enterovi-rus and rhinovirus were found less frequently. Other viruses than RSV and parainfluenza type 3 did not show a clear seasonal incidence.

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38

Cai, Jian Guo. "A Brief Analysis of Renovation Project Management of Shanty Towns." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 2289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.2289.

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With the purpose of acquiring an insight into the current situation of existing renovation project management of shanty towns in China and truly mastering the effect of such management, the renovation project of shanty towns is taken as a target of this systematic and in-depth study. The background under which shanty towns take shape is comprehensively analyzed and the connotation of renovation project of shanty towns is clearly defined. Based on an extensive range of practical investigations, several questions existing in renovation project management of Chinese shanty towns are concluded. Furthermore, several countermeasures and suggestions aiming at improving renovation project management of shanty towns are put forward, with an aim to play an active driving role in the completion of renovation project of shanty towns with high efficiency, quality and benefit as scheduled.

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Femi, ADEDINA,. "Movie as a Tool for Creation and Sustenance of Nigeria’s Positive Image: A Case Study of 93 Days." Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture 3, no. 01 (February 15, 2024): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2024.v03i01.002.

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Image matters whether it concerns a nation or an individual. The image of the Nigerian and the Nigerian nation in the media, both national and international, leaves so much to be desired. Daily, we are bombarded with negative stereotypes and images in the media: of Nigerian armed robbers in Dubai; Yahoo Yahoo and Yahoo plus experiments and; credit card fraudsters in the UK and other European nations. These images do not help in projecting the real potential and the endowments of the nation both in human terms and natural resources. This paper investigates the genuine practise and patterns of Nigerian workers, especially as it is represented in the Nollywood film "93 Days" which is a film that shows Nigeria in a positive light over an incident that was well handled by the Government. This, however, is one of the rare films that showed Nigeria in good light. There are many in Nollywood and even Hollywood that show the country in negative image such as District 9 and Shanty Town. This paper examines how films could be used as tools in creating and sustaining positive images for Nigeria and the Nigerian nation. It will also explore how, through the use of themes and characterisation, films can be used to create positive images for the nation. It will then suggest steps that could be taken to increase the number of Nollywood films that could help in rebranding the nation's image positively. Negative representation in Nollywood harms the country's reputation because there is no telling how far the films go. The theoretical framework for this paper is Jean-Louis Baudry's Apparatus theory. The theory avers that cinema (film) is ideological; its mechanics of representation are ideological because films are created to represent reality. It also adopts a literary method of analysis to answer the question posed on the reality of the effectiveness of the Nigerian sectors. From the analysis, the aplomb nature of the Nigerian health workers is revealed. In a period that is evidently challenging for everybody, especially health workers, outdid themselves and protected the people.

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Sun, Xiao Ting. "Coal Shanty Towns Project Management Research Based on the Value Engineering Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 2734–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.2734.

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The investment of coal shanty towns project is huge and it is a big workload involving multiple interest groups. The management method and level directly influence the coal shanty towns project with its economic effects. Using the AHP and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation methods, this paper established an evaluating system for that project based on the Value Engineering Theory, and carried out an empirical analysis of data within the shanty towns project of China Pingmei Shenma Group, verified the rationality of index system and provided reference for the management of coal shanty towns project using the Value Engineering Theory.

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Crizostomo, José Henrique Mendes, and Natalia dos Santos Silveira. "Shanty towns: representation and exclusion." Revista Vértices 11, no. 1 (2009): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/1809-2667.20090010.

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Eyre, L. Alan. "THE SHANTY TOWNS OF CENTRAL BOMBAY." Urban Geography 11, no. 2 (March 1990): 130–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.11.2.130.

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Bullen, Margaret. "Chicha in the shanty towns of Arequipa, Peru." Popular Music 12, no. 3 (October 1993): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000005699.

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Chicha, a fermented maize beer, traditional in the Andes and brewed by Andean migrants in the shanty towns of Peru's cities, has given its name to a musical movement, which first emerged in the migrant squatter settlements of Lima in the 1960s. By the mid-1980s chicha was the most well-known and wide-spread form of urban popular music in Peru (Romero 1990; Rowe & Schelling 1991, pp. 121–2), widely played, sung and danced in impromptu chichodromos, set up in walled-in vacant lots or back yards.

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Shin, Haeng-Woo, and Young-Ook Kim. "Community Recovery Considering the Spatial Characteristics of Shanty Towns." LHI Journal of Land, Housing, and Urban Affairs 7, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5804/lhij.2016.7.2.097.

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Мурзин, Антон, and Anton Murzin. "SOCIAL FACTORS OF MONOTOWN DEVELOPMENT." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2017, no. 4 (December 25, 2017): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2017-4-11-17.

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A single-industry town, or monotown, is a socio-economic system that possesses specific goals and functions as vectors of its development. In this connection, relatively new social requirements appear along with the traditional evolutionary factors. These new requirements involve conditions for the formation of human capital assets, the level of sociocultural infrastructure, the quality of urban communities, and the degree of development of communications. Therefore, the list of strategic criteria for the development of single-industry towns should include indicators of the quality of the social sphere and the quality of life of the population. The research develops evaluation approaches based on identification of the concept and definition of the structural components of the urban social sphere. The paper proposes methods for forecasting the level of the social infrastructure of a single-industry city. The study features the case of Shakhty, a large mining community in the Rostov region. The research defines the necessity for monitoring the dynamics of the development of the social sphere in single-industry towns, formulates groups of criteria for effectiveness management, summarizes the principles of their scaling, and provides recommendations for evaluation of the socio-economic development level. An analysis of the dynamics of the social sphere development in a single-industry town should become an adequate non-ideological integral social and economic criterion for the effectiveness and efficiency of municipal management.

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Gago-Cortés, Carmen, and Isabel Novo-Corti. "Sustainable development of urban slum areas in northwestern Spain." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 26, no. 6 (September 14, 2015): 891–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-06-2014-0095.

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Purpose – The persistence of shanty towns in cities is a major public issue due to the situation of poverty and abandonment of its inhabitants. Despite public authorities are concerned about this serious issue, they often fail to address suitably the problem due to their short-term goals. The purpose of this paper is to assess the public policies and green economy projects to improve the quality of life of people living in shanty towns in northwest Spain from the point of view of sustainable development and the interaction between social, economic and environmental areas. Design/methodology/approach – A systemic causal diagram is proposed for the empirical analysis. It has been contrasted through the study of the various actions undertaken in some shanty towns in Spain. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to complement this analysis. Findings – As a result, the study shows that the actions should not only be limited to providing access to adequate housing, but should also require more extensive cross-cutting projects. In this, green economy policies are shown as a good choice for improving the quality of life and development of the population. Originality/value – The study highlights the potential of green economic policies to mitigate environmental problems in slum areas and to support the social and economic development of its inhabitants. This paper provides some lines of action to improve the efficiency of public policies implemented in these cases. Thus, benefits in multiple areas such as social, environmental and urban could be generated.

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Barry Born, Theo. "Proactive state geographies: Geocoded intelligence in London’s ‘suburban shanty towns’." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 39, no. 4 (July 19, 2021): 609–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02637758211030925.

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This article draws on an ethnographic approach to concrete institutional practices and machine learning algorithms to analyse emergent proactive state geographies in London’s suburbs. The article assesses predictive modelling in housing enforcement in respect of the government of migrant housing precarity in the interstices of rentier and racial capitalism. The article develops two central contentions concerning these proactive state geographies. First, relations between geopolitics, the racialisation of urban space and algorithms need to be situated in relation to institutional state prosaics. ‘Connecting the dots’, a motif of post-9/11 pre-emptive securitisation, is located in suburban housing enforcement regimes corresponding to the politicisation of overcrowding, while the enactment of data-driven intelligence, including in raids, renews the border in these suburbs. Second, proactive technologies work through state data infrastructures. Geocoding, a technique of urban legibility designating the property grid, organises the algorithmic production of legality/illegality and consequently public health and housing futures in the digital city. While the analysis stems from a specific context, the article aims to contribute to interdisciplinary debates about politics, algorithms and state transformation spanning political, urban and digital geography and cognate fields.

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Черткова, Yu Chertkova, Жигульский, and V. Zhigulsky. "THE USE OF GUARDRAILS IN A LARGE TOWN." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 2, no. 1 (April 27, 2015): 236–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14037.

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Souza, Marcelo Lopes de. "Redes e sistemas do tráfico de drogas no Rio de Janeiro: uma tentativa de modelagem." Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 19 (December 1, 1996): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/1996_0_45-60.

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Undoubtedly, most of the drug trade for local consumption in Rio de Janeiro is organized by quadrilhos (gangs) based in fovelas (shanty-towns), which are linked to different criminal organizations or networks (comandos). The most important criminal network of Rio de Janeiro, the Comando Vermelho (Red Commando) was created in the late 1970s. However, the mass media tend to give a false image of drug traffic and its structure. Although newspapers and television paaa the idea that the leaders of the drug traffic in the favelas are very powerful, they are to a considerable extent only the underlings of the drug trade's real sponsors, who have connection with important politicians, businessmen etc.; the most important traffickers, who operate at the level of the import/export/wholesale trade system, do not live in shanty-towns. Furthermore, the criminal organizations, which operate in the context of local retail trade (retail trade system), are not very centralized: the Comando Vermelho itself, whose founders are dead or in jail, is today essential)' a unstable solidarity network among inmates.

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McEwan, Colin, Chris Hudson, and Maria-Isabel Silva. "Archaeology and Community: A Village Cultural Center and Museum in Ecuador." Practicing Anthropology 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.16.1.d2q87672566u6x52.

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In mid-1979 the Pacific coast of Ecuador lay in the grip of a fierce and prolonged drought. The seasonal winter rains had failed to materialize for several years, and, unable to make ends meet, many peasants fled the rural farms and villages to seek a change of fortune in the sprawling shanty towns of Guayaquil, Manta, and Libertad.

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