Relevant bibliographies by topics / SHAP values

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'SHAP values'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 9 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "SHAP values"

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Zern, Artjom, Klaus Broelemann, and Gjergji Kasneci. "Interventional SHAP Values and Interaction Values for Piecewise Linear Regression Trees." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 9 (2023): 11164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i9.26322.

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In recent years, game-theoretic Shapley values have gained increasing attention with respect to local model explanation by feature attributions. While the approach using Shapley values is model-independent, their (exact) computation is usually intractable, so efficient model-specific algorithms have been devised including approaches for decision trees or their ensembles in general. Our work goes further in this direction by extending the interventional TreeSHAP algorithm to piecewise linear regression trees, which gained more attention in the past few years. To this end, we introduce a decomposition of the contribution function based on decision paths, which allows a more comprehensible formulation of SHAP algorithms for tree-based models. Our algorithm can also be readily applied to computing SHAP interaction values of these models. In particular, as the main contribution of this paper, we provide a more efficient approach of interventional SHAP for tree-based models by precomputing statistics of the background data based on the tree structure.
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Matthews, Spencer, and Brian Hartman. "mSHAP: SHAP Values for Two-Part Models." Risks 10, no. 1 (2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks10010003.

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Two-part models are important to and used throughout insurance and actuarial science. Since insurance is required for registering a car, obtaining a mortgage, and participating in certain businesses, it is especially important that the models that price insurance policies are fair and non-discriminatory. Black box models can make it very difficult to know which covariates are influencing the results, resulting in model risk and bias. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values enable interpretation of various black box models, but little progress has been made in two-part models. In this paper, we propose mSHAP (or multiplicative SHAP), a method for computing SHAP values of two-part models using the SHAP values of the individual models. This method will allow for the predictions of two-part models to be explained at an individual observation level. After developing mSHAP, we perform an in-depth simulation study. Although the kernelSHAP algorithm is also capable of computing approximate SHAP values for a two-part model, a comparison with our method demonstrates that mSHAP is exponentially faster. Ultimately, we apply mSHAP to a two-part ratemaking model for personal auto property damage insurance coverage. Additionally, an R package (mshap) is available to easily implement the method in a wide variety of applications.
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Utkin, Lev, and Andrei Konstantinov. "Ensembles of Random SHAPs." Algorithms 15, no. 11 (2022): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a15110431.

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The ensemble-based modifications of the well-known SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method for the local explanation of a black-box model are proposed. The modifications aim to simplify the SHAP which is computationally expensive when there is a large number of features. The main idea behind the proposed modifications is to approximate the SHAP by an ensemble of SHAPs with a smaller number of features. According to the first modification, called the ER-SHAP, several features are randomly selected many times from the feature set, and the Shapley values for the features are computed by means of “small” SHAPs. The explanation results are averaged to obtain the final Shapley values. According to the second modification, called the ERW-SHAP, several points are generated around the explained instance for diversity purposes, and the results of their explanation are combined with weights depending on the distances between the points and the explained instance. The third modification, called the ER-SHAP-RF, uses the random forest for a preliminary explanation of the instances and determines a feature probability distribution which is applied to the selection of the features in the ensemble-based procedure of the ER-SHAP. Many numerical experiments illustrating the proposed modifications demonstrate their efficiency and properties for a local explanation.
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Sharipov, D. K., and A. D. Saidov. "Modified SHAP approach for interpretable prediction of cardiovascular complications." Проблемы вычислительной и прикладной математики, no. 2(64) (May 15, 2025): 114–22. https://doi.org/10.71310/pcam.2_64.2025.10.

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This article explores the significance of modifying SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlana tions) values to enhance model interpretability in machine learning. SHAP values provide a fair attribution of feature contributions, making AI-driven decision-making more trans parent and reliable. However, raw SHAP values can sometimes be difficult to interpret due to feature interactions, noise, and inconsistencies in scale. The article discusses key techniques for modifying SHAP values, including feature aggregation, normalization, cus tom weighting, and noise reduction, to improve clarity and relevance in explanations. It also examines how these modifications align interpretations with real-world needs, ensur ing that SHAP-based insights remain practical and actionable. By strategically refining SHAP values, data scientists can derive more meaningful explanations, improving trust in AI models and enhancing decision-making processes. The article provides a structured approach to modifying SHAP values, offering practical applications and benefits across various domains.
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Létoffé, Olivier, Xuanxiang Huang, and Joao Marques-Silva. "Towards Trustable SHAP Scores." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 39, no. 17 (2025): 18198–208. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i17.34002.

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SHAP scores represent the proposed use of the well-known Shapley values in eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Recent work has shown that the exact computation of SHAP scores can produce unsatisfactory results. Concretely, for some ML models, SHAP scores will mislead with respect to relative feature influence. To address these limitations, recently proposed alternatives exploit different axiomatic aggregations, all of which are defined in terms of abductive explanations. However, the proposed axiomatic aggregations are not Shapley values. This paper investigates how SHAP scores can be modified so as to extend axiomatic aggregations to the case of Shapley values in XAI. More importantly, the proposed new definition of SHAP scores avoids all the known cases where unsatisfactory results have been identified. The paper also characterizes the complexity of computing the novel definition of SHAP scores, highlighting families of classifiers for which computing these scores is tractable. Furthermore, the paper proposes modifications to the existing implementations of SHAP scores. These modifications eliminate some of the known limitations of SHAP scores, and have negligible impact in terms of performance.
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Suresh, Tamilarasi, Assegie Tsehay Admassu, Sangeetha Ganesan, Tulasi Ravulapalli Lakshmi, Radha Mothukuri, and Salau Ayodeji Olalekan. "Explainable extreme boosting model for breast cancer diagnosis." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 5 (2023): 5764–69. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i5.pp5764-5769.

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This study investigates the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) of the extreme boosting (XGBoost) model for breast cancer diagnosis. The study employed Wisconsin’s breast cancer dataset, characterized by 30 features extracted from an image of a breast cell. SHAP module generated different explainer values representing the impact of a breast cancer feature on breast cancer diagnosis. The experiment computed SHAP values of 569 samples of the breast cancer dataset. The SHAP explanation indicates perimeter and concave points have the highest impact on breast cancer diagnosis. SHAP explains the XGB model diagnosis outcome showing the features affecting the XGBoost model. The developed XGB model achieves an accuracy of 98.42%.
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Suresh, Tamilarasi, Tsehay Admassu Assegie, Sangeetha Ganesan, Ravulapalli Lakshmi Tulasi, Radha Mothukuri, and Ayodeji Olalekan Salau. "Explainable extreme boosting model for breast cancer diagnosis." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 5 (2023): 5764. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i5.pp5764-5769.

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<span lang="EN-US">This study investigates the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) of the extreme boosting (XGBoost) model for breast cancer diagnosis. The study employed Wisconsin’s breast cancer dataset, characterized by 30 features extracted from an image of a breast cell. SHAP module generated different explainer values representing the impact of a breast cancer feature on breast cancer diagnosis. The experiment computed SHAP values of 569 samples of the breast cancer dataset. The SHAP explanation indicates perimeter and concave points have the highest impact on breast cancer diagnosis. SHAP explains the XGB model diagnosis outcome showing the features affecting the XGBoost model. The developed XGB model achieves an accuracy of 98.42%.</span>
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Lamens, Alec, and Jürgen Bajorath. "Explaining Multiclass Compound Activity Predictions Using Counterfactuals and Shapley Values." Molecules 28, no. 14 (2023): 5601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145601.

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Most machine learning (ML) models produce black box predictions that are difficult, if not impossible, to understand. In pharmaceutical research, black box predictions work against the acceptance of ML models for guiding experimental work. Hence, there is increasing interest in approaches for explainable ML, which is a part of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), to better understand prediction outcomes. Herein, we have devised a test system for the rationalization of multiclass compound activity prediction models that combines two approaches from XAI for feature relevance or importance analysis, including counterfactuals (CFs) and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP). For compounds with different single- and dual-target activities, we identified small compound modifications that induce feature changes inverting class label predictions. In combination with feature mapping, CFs and SHAP value calculations provide chemically intuitive explanations for model decisions.
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Guo, Yaqiang, Fengying Ma, Peipei Li, et al. "Comprehensive SHAP Values and Single-Cell Sequencing Technology Reveal Key Cell Clusters in Bovine Skeletal Muscle." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 5 (2025): 2054. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052054.

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The skeletal muscle of cattle is the main component of their muscular system, responsible for supporting and movement functions. However, there are still many unknown areas regarding the ranking of the importance of different types of cell populations within it. This study conducted in-depth research and made a series of significant findings. First, we trained 15 bovine skeletal muscle models and selected the best-performing model as the initial model. Based on the SHAP (Shapley Additive exPlanations) analysis of this initial model, we obtained the SHAP values of 476 important genes. Using the contributions of these 476 genes, we reconstructed a 476-gene SHAP value matrix, and relying solely on the interactions among these 476 genes, successfully mapped the single-cell atlas of bovine skeletal muscle. After retraining the model and further interpretation, we found that Myofiber cells are the most representative cell type in bovine skeletal muscle, followed by neutrophils. By determining the key genes of each cell type through SHAP values, we conducted analyses on the correlations among key genes and between cells for Myofiber cells, revealing the critical role these genes play in muscle growth and development. Further, by using protein language models, we performed cross-species comparisons between cattle and pigs, deepening our understanding of Myofiber cells as key cells in skeletal muscle, and exploring the common regulatory mechanisms of muscle development across species.
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Baptista, Marcia L., Kai Goebel, and Elsa M. P. Henriques. "Relation between prognostics predictor evaluation metrics and local interpretability SHAP values." Artificial Intelligence 306 (May 2022): 103667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2022.103667.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SHAP values"

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Franklin, Julie A. "Inter-generational transmission of values regarding weight, shape and appearance." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/253/.

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Many studies have shown that dieting behaviour is popular amongst adolescent girls and there is a growing body of researchw hich suggests that similar patterns of dieting behaviour can be found in girls as young as 9 or 10. Although adolescent dieting is common relatively little is known about the reasons for its emergence. Previous research by Pike and Rodin (1991) found higher levels of weight concern and dissatisfactions with family functioning in mothers of eating disordered adolescent girls. The present study sought to extend this research by examining the maternal influences on weight and dieting concerns at a younger age. The present study investigated dieting motivation and underlying attitudes to weight and shape between mothers and their young adolescent daughters. Twenty girls with high dietary restraint scores were interviewed in addition to twenty girls whose restraint score fell on or below the mean. The mothers of all forty subjects were also interviewed and assessments were completed including dietary restraint,body esteem, self-esteem and body figure preferences and the family enviromnent scale. The high restraint girls reported being more dissatisfied with their body shape and tended to have lower body esteem compared to the comparison group of girls. These differences were not merely a reflection of higher body weight. Although no relationship was found between the mothers' and daughters' restraint scores the mother daughter relationship did appear to be significant in other ways. The high restraint mothers and daughters both had low body esteem scores and desired to lose more weight than the comparison group of girls and mothers. Family functioning appeared to be different between the two groups. The high restraint mothers and daughters perceived the family to be less cohesive, to have lower levels of organisation and place less emphasis on moral and religious issues. This study has reinforced the growing recognition that pre-adolescent girls may hold high dieting motivation. It has also highlighted the significance of the family system and mother-daughter relationship in the development of disordered eating. The parallel with the findings of Pike and Rodin supports the role that mothers may play in the transmission of cultural values regarding weight, shape and appearance. Importantly it also places dieting within a wider context of dissatisfaction with family functioning. Clinicians should be aware of these issues as they have important implications for early intervention and prevention of eating disorders.
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Goldberg, Rachel Miriam. "How our values shape our practices exploding the myth of neutrality /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Ugail, Hassan. "Method of boundary based smooth shape design." ACTA Press, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2685.

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The discussion in this paper focuses on how boundary based smooth shape design can be carried out. For this we treat surface generation as a mathematical boundary-value problem. In particular, we utilize elliptic Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) of arbitrary order. Using the methodology outlined here a designer can therefore generate the geometry of shapes satisfying an arbitrary set of boundary conditions. The boundary conditions for the chosen PDE can be specified as curves in 3-space defining the profile geometry of the shape. We show how a compact analytic solution for the chosen arbitrary order PDE can be formulated enabling complex shapes to be designed and manipulated in real time. This solution scheme, although analytic, satisfies exactly, even in the case of general boundary conditions, where the resulting surface has a closed form representation allowing real time shape manipulation. In order to enable users to appreciate the powerful shape design and manipulation capability of the method, we present a set of practical examples.
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Baker, John M. "Routing a high value unit for optimized missile defense in coastal waters." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/08Mar%5FBaker.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2008.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Wood, R. Kevin. "March 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 28, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-38). Also available in print.
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Weigel, Laura R. "The Civilian Mariners of Military Sealift Command : preliminary assessment of organizational culture and values." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA333416.

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Shum, Kwok-hoi. "Chinese traditional values and the father-child relationship /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19470903.

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Masangkay, Marissa Y. "Values That Shape the Social Morphology of the Town Center in Binan, Laguna, Philippines." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31991.

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This study was conducted to identify how daily use rituals affect function, values, and symbolic meanings residents attach to the town center of Biñan Laguna, Philippines. If values and meanings affect the transformations of the built environment, how are social and cultural values related to the temporal and spatial use of the town center? Furthermore, what are the symbolic meanings that the residents attach to the town center? This exploratory study attempts to investigate the morphological changes of the physical and social aspects of the town center's built form. The physical aspect focuses on the function or use and morphological changes of the town center. The social aspect focuses on the symbolic value and associational meaning of the town center to town residents. Other studies on plazas and town centers have only concentrated on site observations, personal interviews, surveys, and urban morphological studies respectively. While these methods show significant results, the focus becomes isolated either only on the users or the built environment or users and the built environment in a confined synchonic analysis. This exploratory study will bridge the gap between the users and the built environment by employing the diachronic analysis using the following methods: personal interviews, site observations, behavioral mapping, and urban morphological analysis. The first three methods deal with the present, and the last method deals with the past, all of which would provide a basis of understanding for future decisions on the built environment. The results show that a hierarchy of religious, economic, and political values is related to daily use rituals of the town center. Likewise, the spatial use of the town center shows its relevance to these rituals. While the results of values show that religion is on top of the hierarchy, the results of symbolic associations reveal that the town center is synonymous to the public market, hence, placing economic activity on top of the hierarchy. This research can provide a model for further investigation and stimulate more comprehensive studies of users' values, meanings, and use of other plazas and town centers since data on Philippine plazas and town centers are so limited. This study could also serve as a model for inventory and collection of data resources for similar towns in the Philippines on which information is extremely deficient. Designers and urban planners can utilize this research project as a source of information and understanding for future design and planning initiatives that focus on social morphology of town centers undergoing suburbanization.<br>Master of Landscape Architecture
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Engelbertz, Sira. "Values in Antarctica: Discourse Analyses of Two Topical Issues in Antarctic Policy." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Gateway Antarctica, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10436.

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In light of growing international awareness and interests in the ‘frozen continent’ of Antarctica, the topic of Values in Antarctica has recently gained more research interest. Due to the complexity of the concept of value, values in Antarctica have been approached from many different perspectives, including Antarctic wilderness and aesthetic values, values manifested in Antarctic law or value based behavioural changes through the Antarctic experience. The present thesis addresses values as human connections to Antarctica with a focus on Antarctic policy-making. The investigation contained three analytical stages that built on each other. The first stage has been an interdisciplinary literature review examining what values are and how values can be studied, but also considered values in the context of environment, human behaviour and policy. Value and value-related concepts were selected in view of a potential application to the Antarctic. The second analytical stage involved a general framework analysis of the Antarctic Treaty System to identify key elements and structures in the system suitable for a study of Antarctic values, and to develop the research questions. The third stage of analysis included empirical investigations of two Antarctic case studies. Key elements that influence the Antarctic Treaty System in a way that is relevant for a study of Antarctic values include external factors and events, action situations and actors participating in these action situations. Antarctic Treaty Meeting of Experts appeared as an action situation particularly suitable for a study of Antarctic values. The last two Antarctic Treaty Meeting of Experts on ship-borne tourism and climate change have been chosen as case studies, presenting two topical issues in Antarctic policy. Using discourse analysis based on documents submitted to the meetings and the meetings’ reports, values that are driving the discourses were to be identified through structures and patterns in the discourses. Further, based on the discourse analysis following three research questions were to be answered: What role is ascribed to Antarctica concerning contemporary issues? Where and why do conflicts arise in the ATS policy-making process that are based on conflicting values? What changes in the underlying belief-systems are driving policy-making processes and what has caused the change? Based on the literature, values are defined as internalised codes that affect behaviour and include judgements on what is good and desirable. Through the framework analysis it was identified that Antarctic policy involves a multi-layered system of different value systems, which was considered in the two case studies. For both case studies, values in the discourses were mostly identified based on Schwartz’s basic human value theory. The most prominent human value that drives both the ship-born tourism and the climate change discourse is security. Both discourses are further motivated by the conservation of the Antarctic environment and its associated ecosystems. Other values, such as power and conformity with rules were also clearly expressed in the discourses. With regard to the research questions, both case studies discussed Antarctica from two different perspectives, as a hazardous place for human activities and as a place vulnerable to any kind of changes. Conflicts in the ship-borne tourism discourse were more obvious, while the climate change discourse within the expert meeting proceeded in consensus. Value-based changes that are evident in changes in belief-systems underlying Antarctic policy-making could not be identified. This thesis argues, based on careful consideration of documents, that values play a crucial role in Antarctic policy-making at a number of different scales: individuals, political actors, and governmental levels. Values were found to be at the core of most, if not all, conflicts within the Antarctic system. Finally, this thesis provides the first understanding of the values held by the various stakeholders involved in governing and use of the Antarctic, which is crucial for further decision-making and research.
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Wilkens, Josefin. "Restricted Movements : A study of performative values of abstract garments and objects." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-22042.

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This thesis investigates performative values of garments and objects in relation to space. It aims to show the potential of using abstract garments and objects as choreographers and communicators for dance performance. The concept of creating garments that act as indicators for movement in contemporary dance is insufficiently explored. This research will provide further knowledge of how one can use garments and objects to extend the body and therefore reach unexplored movement territory. Furthermore this study is made with a fashion research perspective and strives to provide an alternative to fashion that is experienced instead of consumed. #performativefashion First different investigations were made to get a deeper understanding of what such work tells us about the relationship between objects, body and space. Then a selection of pieces were finalized in order to show their performative and communicative potential. The methods used in the project were structured by experiments built on restriction and interaction. The tests were made in collaboration with a professional dancer. In the experiments, the body has to overcome a restriction. The limitation is transformed into possibilities that generates new movements, shapes and communication. In conclusion, this research can help change our perception of objects and space. It will also provide more information about how to explore the potential of garments as directors for dance performance.
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Ugail, Hassan. "Time-dependent shape parameterisation of complex geometry using PDE surfaces." Nashboro Press, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2686.

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Books on the topic "SHAP values"

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Czechowicz, Alexander, and Sven Langbein, eds. Shape Memory Alloy Valves. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19081-5.

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Jerolyn, Bogear, ed. Faith legacy: Six values to shape your child's journey. Wesleyan Pub. House, 2009.

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Bogear, Jim. Faith legacy: Six values to shape your child's journey. Wesleyan Pub. House, 2009.

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Kerns, Charles D. Value-centered ethics: A proactive system to shape ethical behavior. HRD Press, 2005.

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Briscoe, D. Stuart. Choices for a lifetime: Determining the values that will shape your future. Tyndale House Publishers, 1995.

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1943-, Delfour Michel C., Sabidussi Gert, and NATO Advanced Study Institute and Séminaire de mathématiques supérieures on Shape Optimization and Free Boundaries (1990 : Montréal, Québec), eds. Shape optimization and free boundaries. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992.

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Jerolyn, Bogear, ed. Faith legacy for couples: Seven values to shape your marriage. Wesleyan Pub. House, 2012.

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Pyzik, Teresa, and Tomasz Sikora. New shape of ethics?: Reflections on ethical values in post(?)modern American cultures and societies. Edited by Polish Association for American Studies. International Conference. Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Śla̜skiego, 2000.

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Zeng, Shengcong. Lun li de shan bian: Shi nian lun li bian qian de gui ji. Ren min chu ban she, 2005.

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Walters, Ronald. Watercolor for the fun of it: Color! shape! value! North Light Books, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "SHAP values"

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Naretto, Francesca, Roberto Pellungrini, Salvatore Rinzivillo, and Daniele Fadda. "EXPHLOT: EXplainable Privacy Assessment for Human LOcation Trajectories." In Discovery Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45275-8_22.

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AbstractHuman mobility data play a crucial role in understanding mobility patterns and developing analytical services across various domains such as urban planning, transportation, and public health. However, due to the sensitive nature of this data, accurately identifying privacy risks is essential before deciding to release it to the public. Recent work has proposed the use of machine learning models for predicting privacy risk on raw mobility trajectories and the use of shap for risk explanation. However, applying shap to mobility data results in explanations that are of limited use both for privacy experts and end-users. In this work, we present a novel version of the Expert privacy risk prediction and explanation framework specifically tailored for human mobility data. We leverage state-of-the-art algorithms in time series classification, as Rocket and InceptionTime, to improve risk prediction while reducing computation time. Additionally, we address two key issues with shap explanation on mobility data: first, we devise an entropy-based mask to efficiently compute shap values for privacy risk in mobility data; second, we develop a module for interactive analysis and visualization of shap values over a map, empowering users with an intuitive understanding of shap values and privacy risk.
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Dardouillet, Pierre, Alexandre Benoit, Emna Amri, Philippe Bolon, Dominique Dubucq, and Anthony Credoz. "Explainability of Image Semantic Segmentation Through SHAP Values." In Pattern Recognition, Computer Vision, and Image Processing. ICPR 2022 International Workshops and Challenges. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37731-0_19.

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Baudeu, Raphael, Marvin N. Wright, and Markus Loecher. "Are SHAP Values Biased Towards High-Entropy Features?" In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23618-1_28.

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Loecher, Markus, Dingyi Lai, and Wu Qi. "Approximation of SHAP Values for Randomized Tree Ensembles." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14463-9_2.

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Gevaert, Arne, Anna Saranti, Andreas Holzinger, and Yvan Saeys. "Efficient Approximation of Asymmetric Shapley Values Using Functional Decomposition." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40837-3_2.

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AbstractAsymmetric Shapley values (ASVs) are an extension of Shapley values that allow a user to incorporate partial causal knowledge into the explanation process. Unfortunately, computing ASVs requires sampling permutations, which quickly becomes computationally expensive. We propose A-PDD-SHAP, an algorithm that employs a functional decomposition approach to approximate ASVs at a speed orders of magnitude faster compared to permutation sampling, which significantly reduces the amortized complexity of computing ASVs when many explanations are needed. Apart from this, once the A-PDD-SHAP model is trained, it can be used to compute both symmetric and asymmetric Shapley values without having to re-train or re-sample, allowing for very efficient comparisons between different types of explanations.
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Engelhardt, Raphael C., Moritz Lange, Laurenz Wiskott, and Wolfgang Konen. "Exploring the Reliability of SHAP Values in Reinforcement Learning." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63800-8_9.

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Blesch, Kristin, Marvin N. Wright, and David Watson. "Unfooling SHAP and SAGE: Knockoff Imputation for Shapley Values." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44064-9_8.

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AbstractShapley values have achieved great popularity in explainable artificial intelligence. However, with standard sampling methods, resulting feature attributions are susceptible to adversarial attacks. This originates from target function evaluations at extrapolated data points, which are easily detectable and hence, enable models to behave accordingly. In this paper, we introduce a novel strategy for increased robustness against adversarial attacks of both local and global explanations: Knockoff imputed Shapley values. Our approach builds on the model-X knockoff methodology, which generates synthetic data that preserves statistical properties of the original samples. This enables researchers to flexibly choose an appropriate model to generate on-manifold data for the calculation of Shapley values upfront, instead of having to estimate a large number of conditional densities or make strong parametric assumptions. Through real and simulated data experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of knockoff imputation against adversarial attacks.
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Loecher, Markus. "Debiasing MDI Feature Importance and SHAP Values in Tree Ensembles." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14463-9_8.

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Kuhn, Daniel Matheus, Melina Silva de Loreto, Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza, João Luiz Dihl Comba, and Viviane Pereira Moreira. "Explainability of COVID-19 Classification Models Using Dimensionality Reduction of SHAP Values." In Intelligent Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45368-7_27.

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Grabska-Gradzińska, Iwona, Maciej Szelążek, Szymon Bobek, and Grzegorz J. Nalepa. "Visual Patterns in an Interactive App for Analysis Based on Control Charts and SHAP Values." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50485-3_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "SHAP values"

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Sohn, Tin Stribor, Nora Gorhan, Maximilian Dillitzer, et al. "Feature-Based Test Scenario Selection in Automated Driving: Insights from SHAP Values." In 2024 IEEE 27th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10920003.

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Yang, Zhiyuan, Zongyong Cui, and Zongjie Cao. "Exploring the Explainability of SAR Target Classification Using Shap Method with Different Baseline Values." In IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10642042.

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Sathyanarayanan, S., and A. Muthukumaravel. "Explainable Deep Learning for Schizophrenia Risk Stratification: Interpreting Multimodal Biomarkers through Attention Maps and SHAP Values." In 2025 4th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Electrical Circuits and Electronics (ICDCECE). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icdcece65353.2025.11035899.

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Yang, Zhiyuan, Zongyong Cui, and Zongjie Cao. "A Causality-Erasing Baseline Values of SHAP Method for Enhancing Explainable Deep Networks in SAR Target Classification." In IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss53475.2024.10640400.

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Staehle, Roger W., and Zhi Fang. "Factors Affecting the Shape Parameter in the Weibull Distribution with Respect to Predicting Earliest Failures by SCC." In CORROSION 2002. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02418.

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Abstract The purpose of this discussion is to describe an approach to predicting the earliest failures by corrosion and to compare this with conventional approaches that are largely based on evaluating the mean value of data or on using only engineering judgment. The essence of the approach proposed here involves using a statistical framework typified by the Weibull distribution with its statistical parameters quantified with physical quantities from the seven principal variables that control corrosion: e.g. pH, potential, species, metal composition, metal structure, temperature, and stress. The most important parameter affecting early failures is the shape parameter, β, as used in the Weibull distribution. The Weibull β is observed to vary from about unity to about six in most studies but may be somewhat lower and possibly more than 10. Values for β from similar testing exhibit good agreement. While values for θ and to exhibit intuitively expected patterns, values for β do not always follow such patterns. While it would be expected for β to be proportional to stressors, such as temperature, stress, and concentration, this only occurs in about half the cases examined. Applying β to predictions must be undertaken with great care. Low values of β in the range of unity are most important since, for example, at a failure probability of 10-4 the time to failure with a β=1 is 10-4 of the mean failure time. This means that for a θ=10 years, the earliest failure would occur in about half a day. It is shown that the values of β can be related to terms of physical processes. It is possible to provide reasonable insights into predicting early failures with an approach involving an estimation of θ and taking a conservative value for β. It is emphasized here that the values of β are implicit in combinations of the materials, environments and applications. The values of β are more in the category of cause rather than result.
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Du, Zhaowei. "Multi-objective optimization of aluminum electrolysis based on improved SHAP value." In 2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Information Technology, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (ICIBA). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iciba62489.2024.10868909.

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Bugaj, Michal, Krzysztof Wrobel, and Joanna Iwaniec. "Model Explainability using SHAP Values for LightGBM Predictions." In 2021 IEEE XVIIth International Conference on the Perspective Technologies and Methods in MEMS Design (MEMSTECH). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memstech53091.2021.9468078.

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Alkhatib, Amr, and Henrik Boström. "Fast Approximation of Shapley Values with Limited Data." In 14th Scandinavian Conference on Artificial Intelligence SCAI 2024, June 10-11, 2024, Jönköping, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp208011.

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Shapley values have multiple desired and theoretically proven properties for explaining black-box model predictions. However, the exact computation of Shapley values can be computationally very expensive, precluding their use when timely explanations are required. FastSHAP is an approach for fast approximation of Shapley values using a trained neural network (the explainer). A novel approach, called FF-SHAP, is proposed, which incorporates three modifications to FastSHAP: i) the explainer is trained on ground-truth explanations rather than a weighted least squares characterization of the Shapley values, ii) cosine similarity is used as a loss function instead of mean-squared error, and iii) the actual prediction of the underlying model is given as input to the explainer. An empirical investigation is presented showing that FF-SHAP significantly outperforms FastSHAP with respect to fidelity, measured using both cosine similarity and Spearman's rank-order correlation. The investigation further shows that FF-SHAP even outperforms FastSHAP when using substantially smaller amounts of data to train the explainer, and more importantly, FF-SHAP still maintains the performance level of FastSHAP even when trained with as little as 15% of training data.
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Sharma, Shubham, Sanghamitra Dutta, Emanuele Albini, Freddy Lecue, Daniele Magazzeni, and Manuela Veloso. "REFRESH: Responsible and Efficient Feature Reselection guided by SHAP values." In AIES '23: AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society. ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3600211.3604706.

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Guryanov, Alexey. "Efficient Computation of SHAP Values for Piecewise-Linear Decision Trees." In 2021 International Conference on Information Technology and Nanotechnology (ITNT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itnt52450.2021.9649051.

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Reports on the topic "SHAP values"

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Nicholson, Tony, Chris Boone, Tony Parrish, Dave Lyle, and Doug Blazer. Accuracy of Base-Reported Order and Ship Time Values. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada411627.

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Hooke, William. Three Policies Shape Enterprise Value: Minor Adjustments Could Enhance the Societal Benefit. American Meteorological Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/three-policies-shape-enterprise-value-2022.

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This AMS Policy Study examines explicitly the role that public policy plays in determining the sum societal value of Earth Observations, Science, and Services (OSS) as well as the allocation of that value and the costs of OSS production across society. It examines three policy frameworks of quite different origin, purview, and standing. The first is the 2003 Fair Weather Report developed by the National Academy of Sciences. That policy focuses on collaboration. The second is the 2017 Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act enacted by the U.S. Congress. It focuses on innovation. The third is the current World Meteorological Organization development of Resolution 42, which seeks to make international contributions to and access to data and information more equitable, and at the same time expand the domain of data and information sharing from weather per se to Earth observations, science, and services more broadly. The study takes as its point of departure views of individual stakeholders in the so-called Weather, Water and Climate Enterprise (loosely speaking, the community of U.S. providers of weather, water, and climate information and services) with respect to these policies. Their perspectives were captured through informally solicited public and private comments from senior members of the Enterprise. Individually and in aggregate the comments hint at or suggest opportunities for extending and improving Enterprise value by broadening collaboration, fostering innovation, and making the Enterprise more equitable.
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Peter, William H., David Gandy, and Robert Lannom. Additively Manufactured, Net Shape Powder Metallurgy Cans for Valves Used in Energy Production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1427630.

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Imbrie, Andrew, Ryan Fedasiuk, Catherine Aiken, Tarun Chhabra, and Husanjot Chahal. Agile Alliances: How the United States and Its Allies Can Deliver a Democratic Way of AI. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20190037.

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The United States must collaborate with its allies and partners to shape the trajectory of artificial intelligence, promoting liberal democratic values and protecting against efforts to wield AI for authoritarian ends.
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Sadeh, Norman M., and Mark S. Fox. Variable and Value Ordering Heuristics for the Job Shop Scheduling Constraint Satisfaction Problem. Defense Technical Information Center, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada311303.

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van der Wielen, Grace, Maddy Pearson, and Stephen McConnachie. Increasing tree cover on cereal farms in England: the role of farmer’s values. Forest Research, 2024. https://doi.org/10.70463/atsw2002.

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This Research Report explores the issues that matter to cereal farmers in England in relation to trees and tree cover on their farms. Looking beyond just financial considerations, this report explore which factors guide and shape farmer attitudes to and behaviours regarding trees and tree cover. If we can learn what farmers value in relation to trees, we can better understand how, when, and where farmers may embrace having trees on their land. This means those working to design policies, incentives, tools, advice, or other communications in this area can do so in ways which are more likely to succeed in delivering tree cover expansion on farms.
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Asante, Kofi Takyi. Political Economy of the Oil Palm Value Chain in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.008.

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Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is of strategic importance to the Ghanaian economy. It is the second most important industrial crop after cocoa and is used widely in local food preparation as well as in industrial processing. In spite of its importance, however, oil palm has consistently underperformed since the early twentieth century. This paper conducts a value chain analysis of the crop, foregrounding the political economy factors that shape the performance of the sector. It draws on a combination of in-depth interviews conducted in March 2020 with a variety of value chain actors and a review of the secondary literature. Additionally, between late May and early June 2020, twelve further interviews were conducted as part of a rapid market survey to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the value chain.
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Busso, Matías, Ana María Ibáñez, Julián Messina, and Juliana Quigua. Preferences for Redistribution in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005229.

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This chapter examines the redistributive preferences of Latin Americans and investigates the factors that shape them. Using a detailed survey in eight Latin American countries, the study sheds new light on redistributive preferences and explores which aspects of redistribution are more popular and among which groups. The roles of selfinterest, perceptions of inequality, values, and the relationship between citizens and the public sphere in shaping attitudes to redistribution are discussed.
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Miguel Cardemil, José, Alan Pino, Allan Starke, et al. Guidelines for Simulation Tools and Monitoring the Performance of SHIP Systems. IEA SHC Task 64, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task64-2024-0004.

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The integration of solar thermal technologies into the industrial sector represents a significant move toward sustainable energy utilization. This report presents a comprehensive analysis of various methodologies regarding the design, implementation, and operational management of solar thermal plants. The focus of this analysis encompasses a broad spectrum of approaches that are fundamental to optimizing the efficiency and effectiveness of these renewable energy systems. This document presents the most significant outcomes of the second stage of Subtask C: Simulation and Design Tools, specifically Task 64/IV, jointly developed under the framework of the International Energy Agency's Solar Heating and Cooling Programme and SolarPACES. Throughout the four-year execution of the Task, Subtask C brought together 50 participants from academia, applied research, and project developers from 15 countries. The combination of state-of-the-art research, existing technical documentation, and on-the-ground experience of project developers adds value to the outcomes of this analysis.
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Anzolin, Guendalina. Productive Development Policies in the Mining Value Chain: Policy Opportunity and Alignment. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003886.

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Natural resources are an important source for development, and Latin America is one of the regions with the highest endowment. This calls for a reconsideration of resource-based development. Ambitious countries are moving toward high-value activities and more diversified economies to continue moving up the development ladder. In this sense, the resurgence of industrial policy can correct market failures and lead to the implementation of mission-oriented policies. This document analyzes opportunities to design and implement integrated policies through a revised taxonomy of mining-related policies, applying it to Australia, South Africa, and Chile. The mining sector has been a fertile field, characterized by high technology niches, growth, and innovation. Demand and supply policies can shape the path for development within the sector and across the economy due to the potential of vertical and horizontal linkages.
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