Relevant bibliographies by topics / Shape Memory Alloy Spring

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Shape Memory Alloy Spring'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Shape Memory Alloy Spring"

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Liang, C., and C. A. Rogers. "Design of Shape Memory Alloy Springs With Applications in Vibration Control." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 115, no. 1 (1993): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930305.

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Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have several unique characteristics, including their Young’s modulus-temperature relations, shape memory effects, and damping characteristics. The Young’s modulus of the high-temperature austenite of SMAs is about three to four times as large as that of low-temperature martensite. Therefore, a spring made of shape memory alloy can change its spring constant by a factor of three to four. Since a shape memory alloy spring can vary its spring constant, provide recovery stress (shape memory effect), or be designed with a high damping capacity, it may be useful in adaptiv
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Sreekanth, M., Abraham T. Mathew, and R. Vijayakumar. "A novel model-based approach for resistance estimation using rise time and sensorless position control of sub-millimetre shape memory alloy helical spring actuator." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 6 (2017): 1050–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x17730911.

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Shape memory alloy shows considerable strain during heating and cooling. This effect is due to its phase transformation with temperature. Due to this property, shape memory alloys can be deployed for physical actuation in place of conventional actuators in bio-medical and bio-mimicking robots. Sub-millimetre diameter shape memory alloy wires wound as helical springs are also used for this purpose. Due to their small size, it is difficult to use sensors for temperature or displacement measurements of shape memory alloy springs. This article attempts to demonstrate that the rise time of the curr
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Hamano, Toshio, and Shigemi Sato. "Design of coil spring of shape memory alloy." Bulletin of the Japan Institute of Metals 24, no. 1 (1985): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia1962.24.51.

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HAMANO, Toshio, and Shigemi SATO. "Design of coil spring of shape memory alloy." Transactions of Japan Society of Spring Engineers, no. 31 (1986): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5346/trbane.1986.31.

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Siahsarani, A., A. H. Behravesh, and M. Barmouz. "Compressive shape memory behavior of spring-shaped polylactic acid alloy type." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 134, no. 30 (2017): 45115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.45115.

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Lee, Jong-Gu, Junghyun Ryu, Hyeok Lee, and Maenghyo Cho. "Saddle-shaped, bistable morphing panel with shape memory alloy spring actuator." Smart Materials and Structures 23, no. 7 (2014): 074013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/7/074013.

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Liang, C., and C. A. Rogers. "Design of Shape Memory Alloy Actuators." Journal of Mechanical Design 114, no. 2 (1992): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2916935.

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This paper describes the design of shape memory alloy force and displacement actuators based upon the thermomechanical constitutive relations previously developed by the authors. Numerical simulations and design case studies are presented which show the utility and advantages of this method over design methods currently being used. The types of actuators described and analyzed include bias spring actuators, differential force actuators, and their hybrid systems. The design approach includes coupling between the one-dimensional thermomechanical constitutive relations and a lumped capacitance tr
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Spaggiari, Andrea, and Eugenio Dragoni. "Modelling of Shape Memory Alloy Negator Springs for Long-Stroke Constant-Force Actuators." Advances in Science and Technology 78 (September 2012): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.78.52.

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The paper deals with the analytical modelling of a shape memory alloy Negator spring. Negator springs are spiral springs made of strip metal wound on the flat with an inherent curvature such that, in repose, each coil wraps tightly on its inner neighbour. This configuration allows a constant force mechanical response and very long strokes, limited mainly from the total length of the spring. The authors investigate the behaviour of the spring made of a shape memory alloy (SMA). The intrinsic characteristic of SMA is to have two different elastic moduli at different temperatures. This difference
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Spaggiari, Andrea, Igor Spinella, and Eugenio Dragoni. "Design equations for binary shape memory actuators under arbitrary external forces." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 24, no. 6 (2012): 682–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x12444491.

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This article presents the design equations for an on–off shape memory alloy actuator working against an external system of arbitrary constant forces. A binary shape memory alloy actuator is considered where a cursor is moved against both conservative and dissipative forces, which may be different during the push or pull phase. Three cases are analysed and differentiated in the way the bias force is applied to the primary shape memory alloy spring: using a constant force, a conventional spring or a second shape memory alloy spring. Closed-form dimensionless design equations are developed, which
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Viet, NV, W. Zaki, R. Umer, and Y. Xu. "Mathematical model for superelastic shape memory alloy springs with large spring index." International Journal of Solids and Structures 185-186 (March 2020): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2019.08.022.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Shape Memory Alloy Spring"

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Stebner, Aaron P. "Development, Characterization, and Application of Ni19.5Ti50.5Pd25Pt5 High-Temperature Shape Memory Alloy Helical Actuators." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1194994008.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.<br>"December, 2007." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 02/22/2008) Advisor, D. Dane Quinn; Co-Advisor, Graham Kelly; Department Chair, Celal Batur; Dean of the College, George K. Haritos; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Hegana, Ashenafi B. "Low Temperature Waste Energy Harvesting by Shape Memory Alloy Actuator." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1461631046.

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Williams, Eric Andrew. "The Development of Actuators for the Whole Skin Locomotion Robot." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46786.

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The Whole Skin Locomotion robot propels itself using a motion similar to the cytoplasmic streaming exhibited by an amoeba. In the robot there are embedded ring actuators which evert the material of the robot to produce forward motion. The robot benefits from a highly flexible exterior allowing it to squeeze into constricted passageways or collapsed structures. The development of actuators for such a motion is performed by a shape memory alloy composite actuator. Unlike a typical composite model which utilizes a homogenization of fiber and matrix properties our model is developed for line loads
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Krishnan, Vinu Bala. "DESIGN, FABRICATION AND TESTING OF A SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY BASED CRYOGENIC THERMAL CONDUCTION SWITCH." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4404.

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Shape memory alloys (SMAs) can recover large strains (e.g., up to 8%) by undergoing a temperature-induced phase transformation. This strain recovery can occur against large forces, resulting in their use as actuators. The SMA elements in such actuators integrate both sensory and actuation functions. This is possible because SMAs can inherently sense a change in temperature and actuate by undergoing a shape change, associated with the temperature-induced phase transformation. The objective of this work is to develop an SMA based cryogenic thermal conduction switch for operation between dewars o
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Gradin, Henrik. "Heterogeneous Integration of Shape Memory Alloysfor High-Performance Microvalves." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mikrosystemteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-94088.

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This thesis presents methods for fabricating MicroElectroMechanical System (MEMS) actuators and high-flow gas microvalves using wafer-level integration of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) in the form of wires and sheets. The work output per volume of SMA actuators exceeds that of other microactuation mechanisms, such as electrostatic, magnetic and piezoelectric actuation, by more than an order of magnitude, making SMA actuators highly promising for applications requiring high forces and large displacements. The use of SMAs in MEMS has so far been limited, partially due to a lack of cost efficient an
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SANTIAGO, José Joelson de Melo. "Comportamento térmico e mecânico de molas helicoidais de liga com memória de forma Ni-Ti obtidas por fundição de precisão." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2018. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1921.

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Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-09T13:19:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ JOELSON DE MELO SANTIAGO - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEM) 2018.pdf: 5893476 bytes, checksum: 9fec0f8b27ff639270bebb4444b2285c (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-09T13:19:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ JOELSON DE MELO SANTIAGO - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEM) 2018.pdf: 5893476 bytes, checksum: 9fec0f8b27ff639270bebb4444b2285c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-30<br>Em muitas situações de projeto em sistemas mecânicos deseja-se rigidez e ao mesmo tempo uma certa flexibilidade. Nesses casos, as m
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Lafontaine, Serge R. "Fast shape memory alloy actuators." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34990.

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In this thesis techniques for fabricating fast contracting and relaxing shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers are presented. Shape memory alloy fibers have demonstrated the largest stress and highest power to mass ratio of any known actuator technology. However their practical application has been plagued by three major drawbacks, namely: (1) relatively slow expansion of the material despite rapid contraction; (2) problems of mechanically and electrically connecting to the material due to the violent nature of their contractions; and (3) low efficiency in the conversion of electrical energy or heat
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Lafontaine, Serge R. "Fast shape memory alloy actuators." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0004/NQ44482.pdf.

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Prothero, Lori Michelle Gross Robert Steven. "Shape memory alloy robotic truss." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Aerospace_Engineering/Thesis/Prothero_Lori_16.pdf.

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Silva, Rafael de Oliveira [UNESP]. "Atenuação de vibrações em sistemas que utilizam molas de liga de memória de forma." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150444.

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Submitted by RAFAEL DE OLIVEIRA SILVA null (rafa_engemec@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-24T14:27:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_final.pdf: 3521819 bytes, checksum: b08a60dcaa91691a2bf36a0cc59992e6 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-04-26T13:27:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ro_me_ilha.pdf: 3521819 bytes, checksum: b08a60dcaa91691a2bf36a0cc59992e6 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-26T13:27:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ro_me_ilha.pdf: 3521819 bytes, checksum: b08a60dcaa91691a2bf36a0cc59992e6 (MD5) Previous issu
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Books on the topic "Shape Memory Alloy Spring"

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Elahinia, Mohammad H. Shape Memory Alloy Actuators. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118426913.

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Czechowicz, Alexander, and Sven Langbein, eds. Shape Memory Alloy Valves. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19081-5.

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Rao, Ashwin, A. R. Srinivasa, and J. N. Reddy. Design of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Actuators. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03188-0.

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Shape memory alloy actuators: Design, fabrication, and experimental evaluation. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2015.

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International, Symposium on Shape Memory Alloys (1986 Guilin China). Shape memory alloy' 86': Proceedings of the International Symposium on Shape Memory Alloys, September 6-9, 1986, Guilin, China. China Academic Publishers, 1986.

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Birman, V. Micromechanics of composites with shape memory alloy fibers in uniform thermal fields. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Tsuchiya, Kazuyoshi. Fabrication of TiNi shape memory alloy microactuators by ion beam sputter deposition. typescript, 1999.

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Shape Memory Alloy Engineering. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2012-0-07151-7.

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Shape Memory Alloy Engineering. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2018-0-02430-5.

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Reddy, J. N., Ashwin Rao, and A. R. Srinivasa. Design of Shape Memory Alloy Actuators. Springer, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Shape Memory Alloy Spring"

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Ramnarace, Shivan, and Jacqueline Bridge. "Analysis of a Shape Memory Alloy Spring System Under Harmonic Excitation." In Nonlinear Dynamics of Structures, Systems and Devices. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34713-0_23.

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Jose, Ashwin, and C. Prabha. "Finite Element Analysis of Shape Memory Alloy Ring Spring System for Steel Frames." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5644-9_11.

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Kazemi-Lari, Mohammad A., Anthony D. Dostine, Jiadi Zhang, Alan S. Wineman, and John A. Shaw. "A Biomimetic Robotic Jellyfish Based on Shape Memory Alloy Springs." In Bioinspired Sensing, Actuation, and Control in Underwater Soft Robotic Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50476-2_9.

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Bhaumik, S. K., K. V. Ramaiah, and C. N. Saikrishna. "Nickel–Titanium Shape Memory Alloy Wires for Thermal Actuators." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering. Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1913-2_11.

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Padhan, Ashutosh, and Yogesh Singh. "Design and Development of a XY Positioning Stage Using Shape Memory Alloy Spring Actuator." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7711-6_59.

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Roshan, Uditha, Lakmal Perera, Ranjith Amarasinghe, and Nuwan Dayananda Nanayakkara. "Fabrication, and Experimental Evaluation of Shape Memory Alloy Based Spring Actuators for Laparoscopic Grippers." In Sustainable Design and Manufacturing. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6128-0_22.

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Jerold John Britto, J., A. Vasanthanathan, S. Rajakarunakaran, and K. Vigneshwaran. "Numerical Simulation of Self-Expanded NitinolBased Shape Memory Alloy Stent." In Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4638-9_6.

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Xing, Hongyan, Cheng Zhu, Yasunari Tamari, Gang Qi, and Shuichi Miyazaki. "Acoustic Emission Study of Ti–Ni Shape-Memory Alloy in Loading–Unloading." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29052-2_14.

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Featherstone, Roy, and Yee Harn Teh. "Improving the Speed of Shape Memory Alloy Actuators by Faster Electrical Heating." In Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11552246_7.

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Mithun, R., Tameshwer Nath, S. S. Mani Prabu, and I. A. Palani. "Influence of Flow Domain Parameters on Hot Water Actuation of Shape-Memory Alloy Spring for Barrier Gate System." In Advances in Simulation, Product Design and Development. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9487-5_70.

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Conference papers on the topic "Shape Memory Alloy Spring"

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Zaki, Wael, and N. V. Viet. "Analytical Model of Shape Memory Alloy Helical Springs." In ASME 2018 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2018-8075.

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A new analytical model is proposed for superelastic helical SMA springs subjected to axial loading. The model is derived based on the ZM constitutive model for SMAs and is applicable to springs with index greater than 4 and pitch angle greater than 15°, which are common specifications in engineering applications. The analytical axial force-deformation relation for the helical spring is derived taking into account phase transformation within the SMA and the model is validated against 3D finite element analysis results.
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Thomas, Sean, Adrien Thabuis, Thomas Martinez, and Yves Perriard. "Multi-Output Compliant Shape Memory Alloy Bias-Spring Actuators." In 2020 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aim43001.2020.9158997.

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Kazemi Lari, Mohammad Ali, Anthony D. Dostine, Jiadi Zhang, Alan S. Wineman, and John A. Shaw. "Robotic jellyfish actuated with a shape memory alloy spring." In Bioinspiration, Biomimetics, and Bioreplication IX, edited by Akhlesh Lakhtakia, Raúl J. Martín-Palma, and Mato Knez. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2513456.

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Barnes, Brian M., Diann E. Brei, Jonathan E. Luntz, Kenneth Strom, Alan L. Browne, and Nancy Johnson. "Shape memory alloy resetable spring lift for pedestrian protection." In The 15th International Symposium on: Smart Structures and Materials & Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by L. Porter Davis, Benjamin K. Henderson, and M. Brett McMickell. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.775994.

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Spaggiari, Andrea, Eugenio Dragoni, and Ausonio Tuissi. "Experimental Characterization and Modelling Validation of Shape Memory Alloy Negator Springs." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3018.

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This paper is aimed at the experimental characterization and modelling validation of shape memory alloy (SMA) negator springs. A Negator spring is a spiral spring made of strip of metal wound on the flat with an inherent curvature such that, in repose, each coil wraps tightly on its inner neighbour. The main feature of a Negator springs is the nearly-constant force displacement behaviour in the unwinding of the strip. Moreover the stroke is very long, theoretically infinite as it depends only on the length of the initial strip. A Negator spring made in SMA is built and experimentally tested to
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Knowles, Gareth, Ross Bird, and Victor Birman. "Shape Memory Alloy Springs Used as Reduced Power/Weight Actuators." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60401.

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The paper presents a concept and realization of using shape memory alloy (SMA) spring actuators for deployment of flight control surfaces of small air vehicles. These actuators replace heavy servomotors resulting in increased endurance of the vehicle as well as reduced power consumption. The actuator represents a spiral wound tubular SMA helical spring that is extended in its martensitic phase prior to actuation. The actuation can be achieved by directing exhaust gas from the onboard engine, i.e. providing an influx of heat. When activated, the spring returns to its original (compressed) shape
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Magalhães Lopes, Luzia Marcela, Maxsuel Ferreira Cunha, José Marques Basílio Sobrinho, et al. "Electronic Instrumentation for Shape Memory Alloy Actuators." In Congresso Brasileiro de Automática - 2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/asba.v2i1.1635.

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Shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators have been increasingly found applications due to their low weight and high power capacity. Additionally they are able to function as a sensor. Upon phase transformation, the material changes its electrical resistance. Phase transformation in SMAs occurs either by loading or heating the material. Since SMAs materials are usually metals, heat can be produced by passing an electric current through the alloy. This idea in mind, the present work reports the development of electronic circuits for power supply, current measurement and voltage measurement for shape m
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Yamashita, Yoshitaka, Arata Masuda, and Akira Sone. "An Experimental Study of Base Isolation Devices Using Shape Memory Alloy Wires." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2937.

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In this study, we develop a base isolation device using SMA wires. Two types of SMA springs are used as softening springs, i.e. ring-type-spring (RTS) and buckling-type-spring (BTS). BTSs’ restoring forces have significant softening characteristics, which suppresses the acceleration transmissibility. Cyclic loading tests are conducted to investigate the durability of the SMA springs. The results show that they have the enough durability for seismic isolation.
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Yamashita, Yoshitaka, Arata Masuda, and Akira Sone. "Passive Seismic Control Using Shape Memory Alloy Springs." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93050.

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In this paper, seismic response analysis is made both experimentally and numerically for a passive isolation device with pseudoelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) spring as a restoring force component. Thanks to the material nonliniarity and the geometrical nonliniarity, the SMA spring used in the device has well-defined softening, or “force limiting”, property that can suppress the acceleration response of the superstructure by limiting the seismic force transmitted from the ground. To illustrate how the presented device can suppress the acceleration response under the prescribed level, shaking
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Sul, Bhagoji Bapurao, Chinari Subhechha Subudhi, and K. Dhanalakshmi. "Neural Network Based Displacement Modeling of Shape Memory Alloy Spring Actuator." In 2018 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2018.8589922.

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Reports on the topic "Shape Memory Alloy Spring"

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Crone, Wendy C., Arhur B. Ellis, and John H. Perepezko. Nanostructured Shape Memory Alloys: Composite Materials with Shape Memory Alloy Constituents. Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423479.

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Johnson, A. D. Shape-Memory Alloy Tactical Feedback Actuator. Phase 1. Defense Technical Information Center, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada231389.

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Pollard, Eric L., and Christopher H. Jenkins. Shape Memory Alloy Deployment of Membrane Mirrors for Spaceborne Telescopes. Defense Technical Information Center, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada443511.

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Brinson, L. C. Novel Processing for Creating 3D Architectured Porous Shape Memory Alloy. Defense Technical Information Center, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada586593.

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Birman, Victor. Functionally Graded Shape Memory Alloy Composites Optimized for Passive Vibration Control. Defense Technical Information Center, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada459593.

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Crews, John H., and Ralph C. Smith. Modeling and Bayesian Parameter Estimation for Shape Memory Alloy Bending Actuators. Defense Technical Information Center, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada556967.

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Brinson, L. Catherine Catherine, and Aaron Stebner. MICROSTRUCTURE ANISOTROPY EFFECTS ON FRACTURE AND FATIGUE MECHANISMS IN SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY MARTENSITES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1579299.

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Seward, Kirk P. A new mechanical characterization method for thin film microactuators and its application to NiTiCi shape memory alloy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/13579.

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Srour, Merric D., Cory R. Knick, and Christopher J. Morris. Characterization of Sputtered Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) Stress and Thermally Actuated Cantilever Bimorphs Based on NiTi Shape Memory Alloy (SMA). Defense Technical Information Center, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada623954.

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Shape memory alloy seals for geothermal applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5835945.

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