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Journal articles on the topic 'Shapes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Than, Thida, Labang Hkawn, Anjuna Radhakrishnan, Yupa Min, Hlaing Thaw Dar, and Nurul Hazliana Harun. "Variation in the shape of the knee meniscus and incidence of the discoid shape in Myanmar's adult population: A cross-sectional study." Journal of Biomedical Sciences 10, no. 2 (2023): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbs.v10i2.61357.

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Background: A meniscal injury is one of the most common sports-related problems and the most frequent injury to the knee joint. The method for determining meniscus shape is used in designing therapies for treating various joint diseases. Material and methods: Anatomy dissection was performed, and the shapes of knee menisci were studied in 160 menisci from 40 autopsy bodies (20 males and 20 females) from Medical Universities in Myanmar. The bodies were embalmed with 4% formaldehyde and then preserved in a weak formalin solution. Results: The number of crescentic-shaped medial menisc

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2

Bender-Heine, Adam, Michelle Russell, Allen Rickards, et al. "Optimal Costal Cartilage Graft Selection According to Cartilage Shape: Anatomical Considerations for Rhinoplasty." Facial Plastic Surgery 33, no. 06 (2017): 670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1607972.

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AbstractCostal cartilage grafting is a commonly used reconstruction procedure, particularly in rhinoplasty. Although costal cartilage is broadly used in reconstructive surgery, there are differing opinions regarding which costal cartilage levels provide the most ideal grafts. Grafts are typically designed to match the shape of the recipient site. The shapes of costal cartilage grafts have been described as “boat-shaped,” “C-shaped,” “canoe-shaped,” “U-shaped,” “crescent-shaped,” “L-shaped,” “semilunar,” “straight,” and “Y-shaped.” The shapes of costal cartilages are thought to lend themselves

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3

Rajani, Ahmad, Dalila Mat Said, Zulkarnain Ahmad Noorden, et al. "U-Turn Shape Effect on Effective Thermal Conductivity of Double Pass Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) Systems Configuration." CFD Letters 17, no. 5 (2024): 12–25. https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.17.5.1225.

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This study explores the thermal performance of double-pass photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems by investigating the influence of turn shape on heat transfer characteristics using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The aim is to evaluate various turn shapes, including half-circle, triangle, half-hexagon, half-octagon, and box, to determine their impact on turbulent intensity, effective thermal conductivity, and outlet temperature in PVT systems. The investigation reveals significant variations in heat transfer efficiency among the different turn shapes, with the triangle-shaped turn

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Shi, Ding, Feng Ji, Yin-su Bao, and Yong-pan Liu. "A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction: Tailored Partially Covered Stents (Placed Fluoroscopically) versus Standard Uncovered Stents (Placed Endoscopically)." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/309797.

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The aim of our study is to compare the efficacy and safety of “outlet-shape” tailored stents with standard stents for the management of distal gastric cancer causing gastric outlet obstructions (GOOs) with varying gastric cavity shapes and sizes. To determine the shape and size of the GOOs, stomach opacifications were performed using contrast media before stenting. Two basic shapes of the residual cavity of the proximal GOO were observed: cup shaped or approximately cup shaped and funnel shaped or approximately funnel shaped. Other shapes were not found. In the GOO tailored group, the size and

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Ismail, Ikram K., and Abdennour Seibi. "Shape Factors for Irregular Glass Reinforced Plastic Pipes – An Analytical and Numerical Approach." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.279.

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This paper presents the development of a mathematical model based on curved beam theory of composite pipes with irregular shapes under diametral loading. The analytical solution was validated through finite element models of the same pipe shapes under similar loading conditions. Four shapes (circular, elliptical, rectangular, and egg shaped pipes) were considered in this study. The analytical and finite element results were used to estimate the shape factor defined by the ratio of the maximum tangential stress of an irregular shape over the maximum tangential stress for a circular pipe. Compar

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6

Formby, C. "Simple Triangular Approximations of Auditory Filter Shapes." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 33, no. 3 (1990): 530–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3303.530.

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At present, the most popular auditory filter shape model is one with a rounded peak and exponentially decaying filter skirts (Patterson & Moore, 1986). Unfortunately, the complex nature of this “roex” filter model may, in some instances, have hindered the application of the auditory filter shape in clinical measurements of frequency selectivity. Moreover, some of the assumptions of the roex filter model may be violated at high sound-pressure levels (SPLs) and this limitation has also been a factor when considering the roex auditory filter shape in the clinic. Our purpose is to introduce a

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Tanveer, Muhammad, and Kwang-Yong Kim. "Effects of Bridge-Shaped Microchannel Geometry on the Performance of a Micro Laminar Flow Fuel Cell." Micromachines 10, no. 12 (2019): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10120822.

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A laminar flow micro fuel cell comprising of bridge-shaped microchannel is investigated to find out the effects of the cross-section shape of the microchannel on the performance. A parametric study is performed by varying the heights and widths of the channel and bridge shape. Nine different microchannel cross-section shapes are evaluated to find effective microchannel cross-sections by combining three bridge shapes with three channel shapes. A three-dimensional fully coupled numerical model is used to calculate the fuel cell’s performance. Navier-Stokes, convection and diffusion, and Butler-V

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8

Du, Shigui, Yunjin Hu, and Xiaofei Hu. "Generalized Models for Rock Joint Surface Shapes." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/171873.

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Generalized models of joint surface shapes are the foundation for mechanism studies on the mechanical effects of rock joint surface shapes. Based on extensive field investigations of rock joint surface shapes, generalized models for three level shapes named macroscopic outline, surface undulating shape, and microcosmic roughness were established through statistical analyses of 20,078 rock joint surface profiles. The relative amplitude of profile curves was used as a borderline for the division of different level shapes. The study results show that the macroscopic outline has three basic featur

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Zhao, Mingxin, Wentai Sun, Hongxu Li, Wei Wang, Gang Cao, and Falin Wang. "The Effects of the Tree Structure of Zaosu Pear on the Transport and Distribution of Photosynthetic Assimilates and Fruit Quality under Desert-Area Conditions." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (2022): 2440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102440.

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Pear is an important fruit tree in China, and the Hexi area is the main pear-planting area in Gansu Province. Tree shapes have different effects on photosynthesis that influence fruit quality and development. Thus, in the current study, five tree shapes of Zaosu pear, including the Y-shaped, trunk, single-arm, double-arm, and spindle tree shapes, were selected, and their effects on photosynthesis and fruit quality were investigated. The thickness and length of shoot branches were highest in the single-, double-arm, and spindle tree shapes. The level of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)

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Žalik , Borut, Damjan Strnad , David Podgorelec , et al. "Geometric Shape Characterisation Based on a Multi-Sweeping Paradigm." Symmetry 15, no. 6 (2023): 1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15061212.

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The characterisation of geometric shapes produces their concise description and is, therefore, important for subsequent analyses, for example in Computer Vision, Machine Learning, or shape matching. A new method for extracting characterisation vectors of 2D geometric shapes is proposed in this paper. The shape of interest, embedded into a raster space, is swept several times by sweep-lines having different slopes. The interior shape’s points, being in the middle of its boundary and laying on the actual sweep-line, are identified at each stage of the sweeping process. The midpoints are then con

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Kumar, Raj. "Variations in the shape of foramen magnum at the base of human skulls among Indians in Rajasthan." Bioinformation 18, no. 5 (2022): 488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630018488.

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Variations in the shape of foramen magnum can affect the normal anatomy of vital structures passing through it. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the various shapes of foramen magnum by using CT scans performed in patients of Indian population to establish clinical correlation. A total of 314 CT images of human skull base obtained from the Department of Radio-diagnosis, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan were used in the present study. All the patients’ CT scans were observed to determine the shape of foramen magnum. They were classified into one of the followin

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N, Durairaj, Karthikeyan A. K., Praveen M. S, Karthi B, and Dhivakaran S. "Theoretical Study of Solar Dryer with Different Shapes of Absorber Plate." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (2022): 1964–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46574.

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Abstract: This paper presents a theoretical to implemented different shapes of two types of absorber plate (twisted shaped, uniformly increase v-shaped) in solar flat plate collector. Using different shapes noted and tested, which one get more drying efficiency, thermal efficiency with the help of theoretical using formulation and compared to the analytical results. Lets also discussed advantages of the shape of absorber plate.

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Zabarankin, Michael. "Minimum-resistance shapes in linear continuum mechanics." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 469, no. 2160 (2013): 20130206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0206.

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A necessary optimality condition for the problem of the minimum-resistance shape for a rigid three-dimensional inclusion displaced in an unbounded isotropic elastic medium subject to a constraint on the volume of the inclusion is obtained through Betti's reciprocal work theorem. It generalizes Pironneau's optimality condition for the minimum-drag shape for a rigid body immersed into a uniform Stokes flow and is specialized for axisymmetric inclusions in axisymmetric and transversal translations. In both cases of translation, the three-dimensional displacement field is represented in terms of g

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Baechler, J., C. A. Beck, and W. D. Bowen. "Dive shapes reveal temporal changes in the foraging behaviour of different age and sex classes of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 9 (2002): 1569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-150.

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Classifying dives into two-dimensional shapes based on time and depth is an attempt to extract additional information about the behaviour of aquatic air-breathing predators. In some species, there is considerable circumstantial evidence that different dive shapes represent different behaviours. However, few studies have provided direct evidence of the relationship between dive shape and function. We classified over 283 000 dives of adults (31 males and 45 females) and suckling (13) and recently weaned (15) harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) pups into seven shapes using supervised discriminant funct

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15

Berends, Manetta, and Femke Snelting. "Tools shape practice shapes tools..." Teknokultura. Revista de Cultura Digital y Movimientos Sociales Avance en línea (November 14, 2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/tekn.95105.

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This article narrates a partial history of two decades of doing graphic design with free, libre and open-source tools. We follow the development of tools and practices that allowed graphic design practice to shift, such as layouts being generated by scripts, books being rendered out of webpages and editorial workflows being transformed into collaborative environments. It threads through a body of shared knowledge and modes of designing with software, focusing on sites that are key in these design practices: layout tools, open fonts and publishing platforms. As practitioners and active particip

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McCane, Brendan. "Shape Variation in Outline Shapes." Systematic Biology 62, no. 1 (2012): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys080.

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17

Thi Yen, Hoang, Phan Nguyen Uyen Nguyen, and Hien Thi Nguyen. "Analysis and modeling of adult male body shape aged 25–45 by CLO3D software." BOHR International Journal of Computer Science 3, no. 1 (2024): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.54646/bijcs.2024.19.

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This study conducted body shape research on 175 males aged 35–45 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The aim was to develop accurate and intuitive analytical models to classify different body types. The research team utilized various statistical tools, such as descriptive analysis, principal component analysis, k-means clustering, and discriminant analysis—all supported by SPSS software—to identify the most reasonable body shape classifications. The study results identified the 5 most common body shapes: U-shaped, Y-shaped, V-shaped, O-shaped, and D-shaped. To enhance the visualization of these body

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18

Kumar B., Varun, G. Manikandan, P. Kanna, et al. "A Performance Evaluation of a Solar Air Heater Using Different Shaped Ribs Mounted on the Absorber Plate—A Review." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 3104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113104.

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In this paper, the effect of various shapes of ribs used in Solar Air Heaters (SAHs) was discussed. The review is concentrated on the geometry of the rib and its location on the SAH panel. Both numerical and experimental works were considered for discussion with dry air and Nano fluids as a working fluid. The influence of various shapes, such as an L shape, W shape, V shape, Multiple V shape, V shape with a gap, detachable & attachable ribs etc., was analyzed. The common fact observed from this analysis is that the implementation of artificial roughness in the absorber plate results in a c

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19

Asha, S. K., G. Sunitha, and Chandrashekhar M. Hadapad. "Different shapes of nanoparticles on peristaltic transport of a Casson fluid in the presence of MHD, thermal radiation and Porous medium." International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering 10, no. 02 (2021): 2150008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2047684121500081.

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The influence of different shapes of nanoparticles on peristaltic flow of Casson fluid in an asymmetric channel is studied in this paper. The suspension of Copper oxide nanoparticles of needle, platelet and lamina shapes is taken into account. The problem is modeled in partial differential equations with suitable slip boundary conditions. The standard nonlinear equations are solved by the Homotopy Analysis Method in Mathematica Software. The influences of different shapes of nanoparticles on concentration, velocity profile and temperature profile are analyzed through the graphs. It is observed

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20

MUHAMAD, ZULKIFLI, CHIK AIMAN, ZAHID BILAL, and YAHYA MOHAMAD. "Effects of impactors’ shape on three-dimensional woven fabric composites at low-velocity impacts." Industria Textila 73, no. 06 (2022): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.073.06.202193.

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This study investigated the fabric resistance of three-dimensional (3D) woven fibreglass composites generated by impactors of three shapes, i.e., hemispherical, conical, and ogival, on four types of composite structures. Composites were fabricated using the hand lay-up technique. Crimp and mechanical impact resistance tests were carried out in accordance with ASTM D2444 standards and ASTM D3883-04, respectively. The four-floating interlocked (4FLL) yielded the strongest fabric damage tolerance for all the three types of impactors’ shapes with 6.3 kN for the hemispherical shape, 4 kN for the co

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21

Phuong, Lam-Huy, Cao-Minh Dai, Quach-Ngo Diem-Phuong та Tran-Quoc Tan. "Comparing of antioxidant ability, α-glucosidase inhibition and cytotoxicity of three fruiting body shapes of Ganoderma lingzhi". Research Journal of Biotechnology 18, № 8 (2023): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1808rjbt1190127.

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In the process of artificial culture, Ganoderma mushrooms will appear with several different shapes of fruiting bodies, even though they share the same species. The differences in shape can influence and create differences in bioactivity and active ingredients. This study looked at the biological activities of ethanol crude extracts from three shape kinds of fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lingzhi mushroom and herb tablets made from kidney-shaped fruiting body including antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibition and cytotoxic activity in some cell lines. Besides, the content of ganoderic acid A was al

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Castonguay, Martin, Patrick Simard, and Pierre Gagnon. "Usefulness of Fourier Analysis of Otolith Shape for Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) Stock Discrimination." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 2 (1991): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-041.

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We compared shapes of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) sagittae between the two contingents (i.e. spawning groups) from the Northwest Atlantic and between the stocks from the Northwest Atlantic and the North Sea to evaluate whether otolith shape could differentiate between the two contingents in a mixed fishery. We quantified shapes with the Fourier series, an objective and rapid method which decomposes a shape's outline into a series of sinusoids. To determine a correct way to compare contingents/stocks, we first assessed four intracontingent effects on otolith shapes. Age and year-class

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Ahn, Hee-Ju, Soo-Hwan Byun, Sung-Ah Che, et al. "Morphological Analysis of the Anatomical Mandibular Lingual Concavity Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans in East Asian Population—A Retrospective Study." Diagnostics 14, no. 16 (2024): 1792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161792.

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The rising demand for dental implants necessitates addressing anatomical challenges, particularly the shape of the mandible. Incorrectly angling implants can cause lingual perforations, risking damage to the inferior alveolar artery and nerve. This study analyzed 96 cone-beam computed tomography images from individuals aged 20 to 70 (8 males and 8 females) to evaluate mandibular anatomy in four areas: left and right sides and the first and second molars. Mandibular shapes were classified into U, C, and P types. U-shaped mandibles, with a wider crest width, pose the highest risk of lingual perf

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Usacheva, Irina V., Ivan A. Spiridonov, and Olga N. Korochkova. "SETTING THE STAGE: ENEOLITHIC AND BRONZE AGE LITHIC INDUSTRY MARKERS IN THE MOUNTAIN-FOREST TRANS-URALS." Ural Historical Journal 79, no. 2 (2023): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-116-126.

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The authors propose to discuss the methodology of searching for the defi nitive indicators of flaking techniques of the Eneolithic — Bronze Age in the mountain-forest Trans-Urals. The methodology is based on a step-by-step cross-referencing analysis of raw materials, technological and morphological characteristics of stone artifacts. The multilayer settlement Shaitanskoe 4–6 stone tools assemblage (the Kirovgrad district, Sverdlovsk Oblast) served as the main resource for the analysis. Main stages of the site’s populating correlated with the Eneolithic and the Bronze Age (Cherkaskul culture).

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Kiliani, J., G. Baumgarten, F. J. Lübken, and U. Berger. "Impact of particle shape on the morphology of noctilucent clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 11 (2015): 16019–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-16019-2015.

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Abstract. Noctilucent clouds (NLC) occur during summer in the polar region at altitudes around 83 km. They consist of ice particles with a typical size around 50 nm. The shape of NLC particles is less well known, but important both for interpreting optical measurements and modeling ice cloud characteristics. In this paper, NLC modeling is adapted to use cylindrical instead of spherical particle shape. The optical properties of the resulting ice clouds are compared directly to NLC 3-color measurements by the ALOMAR RMR-Lidar between 1998 and 2014. Shape distributions including both needle- and

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Wu, Rundi, and Changxi Zheng. "Learning to Generate 3D Shapes from a Single Example." ACM Transactions on Graphics 41, no. 6 (2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3550454.3555480.

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Existing generative models for 3D shapes are typically trained on a large 3D dataset, often of a specific object category. In this paper, we investigate the deep generative model that learns from only a single reference 3D shape. Specifically, we present a multi-scale GAN-based model designed to capture the input shape's geometric features across a range of spatial scales. To avoid large memory and computational cost induced by operating on the 3D volume, we build our generator atop the tri-plane hybrid representation, which requires only 2D convolutions. We train our generative model on a vox

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BANERJEE, MOLOY K., DEBABRATA NAG, RANJAN GANGULY, and AMITAVA DATTA. "HEMODYNAMICS IN STENOSED ARTERIES — EFFECTS OF STENOSIS SHAPES." International Journal of Computational Methods 07, no. 03 (2010): 397–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021987621000226x.

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A numerical analysis has been carried out to investigate the hemodynamic flow through stenosed arteries having mild (S = 25%) to severe (S = 65%) occlusions and under different regimes of flow Reynolds numbers ( Re ) ranging from 50 to 400. Influence of different stenosis shapes (rectangular, trapezoidal, cosine, and Gaussian) on key hemodynamic parameters e.g., recirculation length, wall shear stress (WSS), pressure drop, and irreversible pressure loss coefficient (C I ) are studied. It has been observed that for S = 25%, no flow separation takes place with cosine and Gaussian shaped stenoses

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Anilkumar, P. M., A. Haldar, S. Scheffler, B. N. Rao, and R. Rolfes. "Numerical Studies on the Design of Self-Resetting Active Bistable Cross-Shaped Structure for Morphing Applications." Proceedings 64, no. 1 (2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecat2020-08482.

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Multistable structures that possess more than one elastically stable equilibrium state are highly attractive for advanced shape-changing (morphing) applications due to the nominal control effort required to maintain the structure in any of its specific stable shapes. The aim of the paper is to develop a bistable cross-shaped structure consisting of symmetric and unsymmetric laminate actuated using Macro Fibre Composite (MFC) actuators. The critical snap-through voltages required to change the shapes are investigated in a commercially available finite element package. The use of MFC actuators t

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Sakya, Pranay Ratna, Rinky Nyachhyon, Amita Pradhan, Ratina Tamrakar, and Sudeep Acharya. "MORPHOLOGY OF CONDYLE- A RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 12, no. 1 (2022): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.636.

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Background: Mandibular condyle has a variety of morphology. The changes in their shape and size has been attributed to ageing process, developmental abnormalities, distinct diseases, trauma, endocrine shock, radio therapy etc. Panoramic radiographs remain the easiest, safest and most cost-effective screening modality for temporomandibular joint abnormalities. The study aimed to assess the different shapes of condyles using orthopantomograms from the archives of the hospital data. The variations among the sexes and between the right and left sides of an individual were also determined. Methods:

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LES, ZBIGNIEW. "SHAPE UNDERSTANDING: POSSIBLE CLASSES OF SHAPES." International Journal of Shape Modeling 07, no. 01 (2001): 75–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218654301000060.

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Yifeng Jiang, Jun Xie, and Hung-Tat Tsui. "Shape Registration by Optimally Coding Shapes." IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine 12, no. 5 (2008): 627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/titb.2008.920798.

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Jowers, Iestyn, Chris Earl, and George Stiny. "Shapes, structures and shape grammar implementation." Computer-Aided Design 111 (June 2019): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2019.02.001.

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Drushel, R. F., D. M. Neustadter, L. L. Shallenberger, P. E. Crago, and H. J. Chiel. "The kinematics of swallowing in the buccal mass of Aplysia californica." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 4 (1997): 735–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.4.735.

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Changes in the positions, shapes and movements of the feeding apparatus (buccal mass) of the marine mollusc Aplysia californica were studied in intact, transilluminated juveniles. The buccal mass assumes characteristic shapes as its internal structure, the radula/odontophore, moves anteriorly (protracts) or posteriorly (retracts). These shapes are especially distinctive when the radula/odontophore has protracted forwards fully, is close to its resting or neutral position, or has retracted backwards fully. We refer to the shapes that occur at full protraction, transition and full retraction as

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Lemkecher, Fatma, Ludovic Chatellier, Dominique Courret, and Laurent David. "Contribution of Different Elements of Inclined Trash Racks to Head Losses Modeling." Water 12, no. 4 (2020): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12040966.

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Low bar spacing trash racks have been widely investigated in order to guide fish toward bypasses. In addition to this biological function, the formulae to predict head losses, for hydropower plants, are still being discussed. This paper investigates and models the global head losses generated by inclined trash racks with six different bar shapes and two different supports, in an open channel for six angles and two low bar spacings. The girders that supported the trash racks were U-shaped and different profile shapes. In addition to the previously studied rectangular and “hydrodynamic” bars, fo

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Xia, Wei, Huan Yang, and Jian Min Zeng. "Research on Methods of Sheet Blank Shape Optimization for Drawing of Complex Special-Shaped Boxes." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1826–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1826.

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The reasonable blank shape is very important for drawing forming quality of sheet. In this paper, the blank shape is obtained by inverse calculation based on final drawing workpiece, with finite element software. The optimal blank contour is determined by modifying the 3D models of final drawing workpiece and comparing with forming quality of the different inverse calculated blank shapes, according to the stress and the material flow law in drawing process. The results show that, in the case of the given shapes of workpiece, the blank shapes with high precision can be obtained, the formability

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Peng, Yongli, Zhengyi Kong, Ba Huu Dinh, et al. "Web Bend-Buckling of Steel Plate Girders Reinforced by Two Longitudinal Stiffeners with Various Cross-Section Shapes." Metals 13, no. 2 (2023): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13020323.

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This work performs an investigation into the optimal position of two longitudinal stiffeners with different cross-section shapes such as open section (L-shaped and T-shaped) and closed section (rectangular and triangular shapes) shapes of stiffened plate girders under bending loading through an optimization procedure using a gradient-based interior point (IP) optimization algorithm. The stiffener optimum locations are found by maximizing the bend-buckling coefficient, kb, generated from eigenvalue buckling analyses in Abaqus. The optimization procedure efficiently combines the finite element m

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Sreenivasagan, Swapna. "Variation in condylar morphology in different malocclusion among Indians." Bioinformation 17, no. 12 (2022): 1134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/973206300171134.

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Temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) joint and the condyle of mandible are observed in the radiographs of the skull and the jaw. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the predictability of four different shapes of condyle in skeletal class I, II and III malocclusion. The four commonly visualized shapes are oval, bird beak, diamond and crooked were assessed using an ortho pantomogram (OPG). Each of the malocclusion was visualized for different shapes of the condyle. 987 OPGs were radiographically evaluated and the morphology of 1974 condylar heads was visualized. The shapes of the condyles were grou

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Yu, Siyu, Lindred L. Greer, Nir Halevy, and Lisanne van Bunderen. "On Ladders and Pyramids: Hierarchy’s Shape Determines Relationships and Performance in Groups." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 45, no. 12 (2019): 1717–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219842867.

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Hierarchies take different forms, which individuals mentally represent using different geometric shapes. We propose and empirically demonstrate that individuals’ mental representations of the shape hierarchy takes affect its consequences. Five studies compared two common mental representations of hierarchy shapes—ladders and pyramids—to explore whether, why, and how individuals’ perceptions of hierarchy’s shape undermine constructive relationships within groups and group performance. Study 1 demonstrated that individuals commonly mentally represent hierarchies as ladders and pyramids. In Studi

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Berrini, Elisa, Bernard Mourrain, Yann Roux, Mathieu Durand, and Guillaume Fontaine. "Geometric Modelling and Deformation for Shape Optimization of Ship Hulls and Appendages." Journal of Ship Research 61, no. 02 (2017): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.2017.61.2.91.

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The precise control of geometric models plays an important role in many domains such as computer-aided geometric design and numerical simulation. For shape optimization in computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the choice of control parameters and the way to deform a shape are critical. In this article, we describe a skeleton-based representation of shapes adapted for CFD simulation and automatic shape optimization. Instead of using the control points of a classic B-spline representation, we control the geometry in terms of architectural parameters. We assure valid shapes with a strong shape cons

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Andiyan, Andiyan, and Wima Alkad Albadira. "Study of Building Mass Forms in Jardin Cihampelas Apartment." MARKA (Media Arsitektur dan Kota) : Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian 5, no. 1 (2021): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33510/marka.2021.5.1.15-26.

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Cihampelas Street Bandung is one of the main tourist destinations in Bandung; besides that, Cihampelas is also a residential area with a high population density. Jalan Cihampelas has many residential places, one of which is the Jardin Cihampelas Apartment. The Jardin Cihampelas Apartment is a building consisting of 4 building towers, namely towers A, B, C, and D. Each tower has 23 floors, and a U shape, Tower A - B and C - D are located close to each other on the inside of the "U" shaped mass surrounding the swimming pool. The approach used is geometry, and basic shapes, geometry, and basic sh

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Covantev, Serghei, Rasul Uzdenov, Daria Turovets, and Olga Belic. "Spleen: an organ of multiple shapes." Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine 3, no. 4 (2021): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53986/ibjm.2021.0052.

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Introduction: The spleen is located in the upper part of the abdominal cavity. As an organ, the spleen can have various shapes and size. Material and methods: The human spleen was studied in 273 cadavers (154 men and 119 women) who did not have diseases of the spleen. The shape of the spleen was analyzed based on splenic index, Michels classification. Results: The most common shape of the spleen in men is the elongated one. It was encountered in 79 (51.3%) cases out of 154. In women, the most common shape was the intermediate. It was encountered in 51 (42.9%) of the 119 cases. Based on Michels

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Afzal, Ali, Omar Harzallah, Jean-Yves Drean, Niaz-Ahmad Akhtar, and Sheraz Ahmad. "Performance characterization of multifunctional different cross-sectional-shaped coaxial composite filaments for SMART textile applications." Journal of Industrial Textiles 48, no. 6 (2018): 1059–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718757522.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of spinneret design parameters on cross-sectional shape and mechanical performance characteristics of coaxial composite filaments. A number of different cross-sectional-shaped metal/polymer core/sheath coaxial composite filaments were developed by changing spinneret design parameters. The cross-sectional shapes obtained were circular, rectangular, triangular and elliptical shapes. The mechanical performance of filaments was evaluated for application in sensors and actuators. The change of cross-sectional shape significantly influences mechanic

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Zhang, Huan, Srutha Venkatesan, and Beiyan Nan. "Myxococcus xanthus as a Model Organism for Peptidoglycan Assembly and Bacterial Morphogenesis." Microorganisms 9, no. 5 (2021): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050916.

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A fundamental question in biology is how cell shapes are genetically encoded and enzymatically generated. Prevalent shapes among walled bacteria include spheres and rods. These shapes are chiefly determined by the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall. Bacterial division results in two daughter cells, whose shapes are predetermined by the mother. This makes it difficult to explore the origin of cell shapes in healthy bacteria. In this review, we argue that the Gram-negative bacterium Myxococcus xanthus is an ideal model for understanding PG assembly and bacterial morphogenesis, because it forms rods an

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Jayadevan, Vijai, Tadamasa Sawada, Edward Delp, and Zygmunt Pizlo. "Perception of 3D Symmetrical and Nearly Symmetrical Shapes." Symmetry 10, no. 8 (2018): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10080344.

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The human visual system uses priors to convert an ill-posed inverse problem of 3D shape recovery into a well-posed one. In previous studies, we have demonstrated the use of priors like symmetry, compactness and minimal surface in the perception of 3D symmetric shapes. We also showed that binocular perception of symmetric shapes can be well modeled by the above-mentioned priors and binocular depth order information. In this study, which used a shape-matching task, we show that these priors can also be used to model perception of near-symmetrical shapes. Our near-symmetrical shapes are asymmetri

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Kumar, Pramod, Santanu Dwari, Shailendra Singh, Ashok Kumar, N. K. Agrawal, and Utkarsh Kumar. "Analysis and Optimization of Conformal Patch Excited Wideband DRA of Several Shapes." Frequenz 72, no. 5-6 (2018): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2017-0039.

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AbstractIn this paper various shapes of DR antennas excited by common feed have been proposed and successfully implemented for wideband applications. Proposed structures are Hemispherical, Arrow-shaped and Triangular DRA, while common excited feed is inverted trapezoidal conformal patch. These shapes of DR offer significant optimization in several parameters such as impedance bandwidth, peak gain and bandwidth per unit volume of the antenna. By using inverted trapezoidal patch feed mechanism an impedance bandwidth (VSWR<2) of about 63 % for hemispherical shape, 66 % for arrow shape, and 72

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Keith, Blake, Ferah Munshi, Alyson M. Brooks, et al. "A MARVEL-ous Study of How Well Galaxy Shapes Reflect Dark Matter Halo Shapes in Cold Dark Matter Simulations." Astrophysical Journal 986, no. 2 (2025): 138. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add40d.

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Abstract We present a 3D shape analysis of both dark matter (DM) and stellar matter (SM) in simulated dwarf galaxies to determine whether stellar shape traces DM shape. Using 80 central and satellite dwarf galaxies from three simulation suites (“Marvelous Massive Dwarfs,” “Marvelous Dwarfs,” and the “DC Justice League”) spanning stellar masses of 106–1010 M ⊙, we measure 3D shapes through the moment of inertia tensor at twice the effective radius to derive axis ratios (C/A and B/A) and triaxiality. We find that stellar shape does follow DM halo shape for our dwarf galaxies. However, the presen

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Fang, Weixiang, Kailing Yu, Songhan Zhang, et al. "Shape Matters: Impact of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Morphology on Anti-Tumor Efficacy." Pharmaceutics 16, no. 5 (2024): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16050632.

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A nanoparticle’s shape is a critical determinant of its biological interactions and therapeutic effectiveness. This study investigates the influence of shape on the performance of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) in anticancer therapy. MSNs with spherical, rod-like, and hexagonal-plate-like shapes were synthesized, with particle sizes of around 240 nm, and their other surface properties were characterized. The drug loading capacities of the three shapes were controlled to be 47.46%, 49.41%, and 46.65%, respectively. The effects of shape on the release behaviors, cellular uptake mechanism

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Zhou, Yadong, and Qingguo Fei. "Evaluation of opening-hole shapes for rivet connection of a composite plate." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 20 (2016): 3810–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216652169.

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The rivet joint is an important mechanical connection for hot structures made of ceramic matrix composites. The development of chemical vapor infiltration technology provides a possible application of novel rivets for these structural components. However, connectors can still be the weakest link for structural integrity due to the severe stress concentration around the rivet joint holes. The geometry parameters of the rivet hole can be key influencing factors to the structural strength. A comparative evaluation is presented to analyze the influence of opening-hole shapes on the structural stre

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Kamangar, Sarfaraz, Govindaraju Kalimuthu, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, A. Badarudin, N. J. Salman Ahmed, and T. M. Yunus Khan. "Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Stenosis Geometry on the Coronary Diagnostic Parameters." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/354946.

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The present study deals with the functional severity of a coronary artery stenosis assessed by the fractional flow reserve (FFR). The effects of different geometrical shapes of lesion on the diagnostic parameters are unknown. In this study, 3D computational simulation of blood flow in three different geometrical shapes of stenosis (triangular, elliptical, and trapezium) is considered in steady and transient conditions for 70% (moderate), 80% (intermediate), and 90% (severe) area stenosis (AS). For a given percentage AS, the variation of diagnostic parameters which are derived from pressure dro

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Kiliani, J., G. Baumgarten, F. J. Lübken, and U. Berger. "Impact of particle shape on the morphology of noctilucent clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 22 (2015): 12897–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12897-2015.

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Abstract. Noctilucent clouds (NLCs) occur during summer in the polar region at altitudes around 83 km. They consist of ice particles with a typical size around 50 nm. The shape of NLC particles is less well known but is important both for interpreting optical measurements and modeling ice cloud characteristics. In this paper, NLC modeling of microphysics and optics is adapted to use cylindrical instead of spherical particle shape. The optical properties of the resulting ice clouds are compared directly to NLC three-color measurements by the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Resear

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