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Journal articles on the topic 'Shared Bedroom'
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1
Desaulniers, Jonathan, Sophie Desjardins, Sylvie Lapierre, and Alain Desgagné. "Sleep Environment and Insomnia in Elderly Persons Living at Home." Journal of Aging Research 2018 (September 27, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8053696.
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The aim of this study was to draw a portrait of the sleep environment of elderly persons living in private households and to determine its relationship with the presence of insomnia. A sample of 599 individuals aged 70 years and older responded to questions about the comfort of their pillow and mattress and the noise level and brightness of their bedroom at night and in the morning. They were also asked whether or not they shared their bed or bedroom with a sleep partner. The Insomnia Severity Index was used to assess insomnia severity. Over 40% of the study participants were using a pillow that was not very comfortable, and almost 30% said that their bedroom was not completely quiet. Binomial logistic regression results revealed that two variables were significantly associated with insomnia symptoms: a pillow rated as moderately comfortable to very uncomfortable and a bedroom that was not completely quiet. No other sleep environment characteristics considered in this study were associated with the risk of insomnia. These results indicate that a nonnegligible proportion of the elderly population endures a suboptimal sleep environment. Although it is difficult to predict the real impact of changes to the sleep environment, this study supports the proposal that simple, minor changes to the bedroom can promote sleep in the elderly.
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Abasi, Augustine Kututera. "Lua-lia, the ‘fresh funeral’: founding a house for the deceased among the Kasena of north-east Ghana." Africa 65, no. 3 (July 1995): 448–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161054.
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AbstractFor the Kasena, life finds in death both its measure and its renewal. Indeed, the dead survive through their descendants and in the world of ancestors. Funeral practices are very elaborate. They not only reflect the social, cultural, religious and psychological values and preoccupations shared by the group but are also a way of elaborating upon them. Social and cultural life is re-invigorated through a person's death and funerals, while the dead person is himself the foundation of his descendants' life.This article, drawing from fieldwork in the author's native area, focuses, in particular, on first funerals for adults. Detailed description is followed by the analysis of surprising similarities between birth and funeral rites. It then examines the ‘house’ or the ‘bedroom’ built in the ground – either in the maternal bedroom itself, or in a neighbouring field towards the east – in order to welcome death as an extension, as a founder in the depths of the survivors' dwelling.
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Hsieh, Yenping. "Investigation on the Day-to-day Behavior of a Taiwanese Nursing Organization's Residents through Shared Bedroom Style." Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 9, no. 2 (November 2010): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.9.371.
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Allen, Rhianon. "“Don't go on my property!”: A case study of transactions of user rights." Language in Society 24, no. 3 (June 1995): 349–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500018790.
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ABSTRACTTwo hours of conversation among three children were examined for oral disputes concerning use of beds in their bedroom. Examination of transcript segments revealed that the children signaled a social order governing use of property and objects. The children were found to negotiate such use on an ongoing basis, and the form and content of the disputes differed dramatically according to whether the beds were being claimed for the purpose of play or sleep. The conversations reflected the ongoing construction and negotiation of social representations, within shared frames or finite provinces of meaning, for use of space and objects. (Ethnomethodology, conversation analysis, property, ownership)
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Hulland, Thomas, Andy Su, and Michael Kingan. "Noise in an inpatient hospital ward in New Zealand." Building Acoustics 27, no. 4 (May 6, 2020): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x20916120.
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This article describes an investigation into the noise levels which patients are exposed to in a general inpatient hospital ward in New Zealand. An initial noise survey was conducted over a period of nine consecutive days in order to establish the noise levels in the ward. It was identified that noise levels increased dramatically between 4:00 a.m. and 7:00 a.m. In order to identify the sources of noise during this period, three noise surveys were undertaken between 4:30 a.m. and 7:00 a.m. on typical weekdays using a microphone placed inside a shared bedroom. During the noise survey, an observer identified the noise sources and their locations for significant noise events. Noise sources were then categorised into three main groups based on the character of the source (machine, staff or patient). Staff noise was found to account for 64% of the total duration of significant noise events (29% of the number of events) which occurred during the observations compared with 20% from patients (43% of the number of events) and 16% from machines (28% of the number of events). It was found that many staff and machine noise events could be mitigated or eliminated. Methods for mitigating noise are suggested and an experimental method was used to estimate the likely reduction in noise which could be attained by moving a staff conversation from the corridor outside the observed bedroom to other locations on the ward.
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Littvay, Levente. "Do Heritability Estimates of Political Phenotypes Suffer From an Equal Environment Assumption Violation? Evidence From an Empirical Study." Twin Research and Human Genetics 15, no. 1 (February 2012): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.15.1.6.
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Using data from the Minnesota Twins Political Survey, this paper tests for the presence of unequal environments (EEA) by zygosity in political attitudes. Equal environment measures used include shared bedroom, friends, classes, and dressing alike. Results show an EEA violation at p < .05 in 5% of the models tested. The violations' impact on heritability estimates and their confidence levels appear random in magnitude and direction. No reasonable post hoc explanation emerged for understanding the presence of the violation in some items but not others. This article establishes reasonable priors for the absence of EEA violations in political phenotypes based on the tested environmental components. The findings place the burden on critics to present theoretical work on the specific mechanisms of EEA violations based on which additional empirical assessments could (and should) be conducted.
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Mrozowski, Stephen A. "The symmetry–asymmetry continuum of human–thing and human–human relations." Archaeological Dialogues 24, no. 2 (December 2017): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203817000150.
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There's an old Ry Cooder song – written by Bobby Miller – entitled ‘If walls could talk’ (not the Celine Dion song), whose refrain is ‘Ain't you glad that things don't talk’. Archaeologists clearly wish things could talk because we, more than most, appreciate the power of things and the close relationships that exist between humans and things and their shared histories. I was struck by this one day sitting reading a book in my bedroom. I glanced up, looked around me and realized that everything in that room would be there the day after I died – everything. In fact my things would clearly outlive me, and regardless of what attachment or lack of attachment I might have to any of those things, I would not be the ultimate arbiter of their fate. That would be left to others who for a whole host of reasons might not share the same relationship with these things that I had. Most would probably be discarded while others might be kept. Those choices are just one example of the kinds of emotions and calculations that surround human–thing (HT) and human–human (HH) relations.
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Brennan, Karen M. "“A Fine Mixture of Pity and Justice:” The Criminal Justice Response to Infanticide in Ireland, 1922–1949." Law and History Review 31, no. 4 (October 24, 2013): 793–841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248013000436.
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MH, a domestic cook who was 26 years of age, was charged with murdering her newborn infant in September 1931. MH had been “seeing a boy” who, she stated, “took advantage” of her on one occasion, procuring her consent to sexual intercourse by a promise of marriage. She claimed that she only realized she was pregnant during the later months of her pregnancy, but did not inform the father of her child. Her employer, suspecting that MH was pregnant, enquired on several occasions whether she could do anything to help, but MH did not admit her “condition.” Although her employer was aware that MH had no family or home to go to, she gave MH notice to quit her job. A couple of weeks later, MH gave birth in her bedroom at her employer's home; she did not call out for assistance or disturb the girl with whom she shared the bedroom. MH admitted in her statement that the baby cried after birth and that she “tied a white dress belt … around its neck to kill it,” adding: “I tied it [the belt] tight. I killed the child and I know I killed it.” Afterwards, MH put the body in a suitcase, cleaned up the bloodstains, and returned to work. The suspicions of her employer eventually lead to the discovery of the dead infant. The postmortem examination showed that the infant had been born alive, but had received no attention at birth; death was the result of strangulation. MH was acquitted of murder at the Central Criminal Court.
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Duriancik, David M., and Courtney R. Goff. "Children of single-parent households are at a higher risk of obesity: A systematic review." Journal of Child Health Care 23, no. 3 (May 26, 2019): 358–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493519852463.
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The goal of this systematic review was to evaluate whether children living in single-parent households have a higher risk of obesity. Of the 539 studies identified using keywords, a total of 10 original studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. The outcome measures included objective assessment of adiposity (weight or body mass index (BMI)), dietary consumption, physical activity, and/or obesogenic behaviors (bedroom television, elevated television viewing time, insufficient physical activity, and infrequent family meals). Overall, the studies found higher BMIs and obesogenic behaviors in children of single-parent households. Characteristics identified with this association is comprised of being most prevalent among girls and Black children. Possible explanations for this association include single-parent households having higher time demands due to the lack of shared household responsibilities. Subsequently, a reduction of homemade meals, shared family meals, and physical activity can occur. Also, lower incomes and higher instability related to living transitions may be other possible challenges experienced in single-parent households. Based on the limited number of studies found, further research of the obesity risk in children from single-parent families is recommended. The findings can help provide clinicians and public health programs with a better understanding of how to effectively target family-based interventions for this population.
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Vinitzky-Seroussi, Vered, and Irit Dekel. "Moving gender: Home museums and the construction of their inhabitants." European Journal of Women's Studies 26, no. 3 (June 29, 2019): 274–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350506819856648.
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Home museums in Israel and Germany produce a representational space in which the public figure, usually a ‘great man,’ is effectively ‘dragged home’ to the so-called private sphere so as to make the domestic worthy of musealization. Based on three years of ethnographic research in nine such museums (four in Israel and five in Germany), this article shows that when the sphere most identified with women is represented through the life and work of the men who lived there, the place of the wife and children is sidelined, belittled, and at times concealed. In representing famous persons through material space and objects in the private abode, museal techniques determine which specific domestic areas, such as the kitchen and the bedroom, become the prime location of telling stories about women who lived in the house. They provide a shared perspective for visitors who find the stories about the wives endearing, recognizing home through them.
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Lindo, J. F., R. D. Robinson, S. I. Terry, P. Vogel, A. A. Gam, F. A. Neva, and D. A. P. Bundy. "Age-prevalence and household clustering ofStrongyloides stercoralisinfection in Jamaica." Parasitology 110, no. 1 (January 1995): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000081099.
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The epidemiology ofStrongyloides stercoraliswas studied in families of clinical (reference) cases and their neighbours at endemic foci in Jamaica. Thirteen foci were studied based on the place of residence of a reference case. For each household of a reference case, the 4 most proximal neighbourhood households (spatial controls) were included in the study. Out of 312 persons contacted 244 were followed up using questionnaires, stool examination and serology. Prevalence of infection based on stool examination was 3·5% and on ELISA 24·2%. Prevalence increased with age but was not related to gender. Reference cases were significantly older than the general study population. The prevalence of infection based on both serology and stool examination was significantly higher in reference than in neighbouring households (the reference cases, themselves, were not included in the analysis). Furthermore, prevalence of infection was highest among persons who shared a bedroom with a reference case and decreased significantly with increasing spatial separation. This is indicative of close contact transmission which has not been previously shown for a geohelminth, but which is common among microparasites.
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Yang, Aria C. H., Newman Lau, and Jeffrey C. F. Ho. "The Role of Bedroom Privacy in Social Interaction among Elderly Residents in Nursing Homes: An Exploratory Case Study of Hong Kong." Sensors 20, no. 15 (July 23, 2020): 4101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154101.
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Privacy is often overlooked in Hong Kong nursing homes with the majority of elderly residents living in shared bedrooms of three to five people. Only a few studies have used Bluetooth low energy indoor positioning systems to explore the relationship between privacy and social interaction among elderly residents. The study investigates the social behavioural patterns of elderly residents living in three-bed, four-bed, and five-bed rooms in a nursing home. Location data of 50 residents were used for the identification of mobility and social interaction patterns in relation to different degrees of privacy and tested for statistical significance. Privacy is found to have a weak negative correlation with mobility patterns and social behaviour, implying that the more privacy there is, the less mobility and more formal interaction is found. Residents who had more privacy did not spend more time in social space. Residents living in bedrooms that opened directly onto social space had higher social withdrawal tendencies, indicating the importance of transitional spaces between private and public areas. Friends’ rooms were used extensively by residents who had little privacy, however, the concept of friends’ rooms have rarely been discussed in nursing homes. There is evidence supporting the importance of privacy for social interaction. Future study directions include considering how other design factors, such as configuration and social space diversity, work with privacy to influence social interaction.
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Cohen, Shelly, and Yael Allweil. "Towards Non-Ageist Housing and Caring in Old Age." Urban Planning 5, no. 4 (November 12, 2020): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i4.3413.
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This article investigates aging-in-place among seniors who live with caretakers, particularly domestic workers who immigrate to Israel from poorer countries. In recent decades, new apartment designs are intended for families with children. Drawing on Dolores Hayden’s (1980) ‘Non-Sexist City’, we expound on Non-Ageist architecture for the aging population and migrant caregivers. We examine how this kind of residence can include additional and vulnerable groups in the population, such as seniors and their caregivers. Our study explores the design of Tel Aviv Metropolis apartments. We argue that typical apartment design affects the ethics of everyday living. Following Michel de Certeau (2011), our research observes everyday behaviors and creative tactics through which seniors and caregivers re-appropriate shared living space. Most seniors house caretakers in a room within the bedroom area of the apartment, for instance, while others use a separate room by the entrance. These practices point to hierarchy and equality as spatial aspects of typical apartments’ layout and their effect on their usage by seniors and caregivers. Our research explores the potential of a planning proposal—dividing the seniors’ apartment into a primary apartment and a secondary unit—suggested by the inter-ministerial government team in the National Housing Headquarters and by the Israeli Affordable Housing Center, an academic-social organization. We argue this division could enable better housing solutions for shared residency. Thus, the article combines qualitative research of residence in old age with analysis of the role of social values such as equality, autonomy, inclusion, affordability and communal values in old-age housing and care.
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Ben-Menachem, Elinor. "Sudden Death and Epilepsy." Epilepsy Currents 5, no. 6 (November 2005): 223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-7511.2005.00070.x.
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Case–control Study of SUDEP Langan Y, Nashef L, Sander JW Neurology 2005;64:1131–1133 Purpose To examine the influence of various factors on the risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Methods The authors investigated 154 cases in which a postmortem examination was performed. Each case had four controls with epilepsy from the community, matched for age and geographic location. Backward stepwise conditional logistic regression analysis was performed, and odds ratios for risk and protection were determined. Results The risk of SUDEP was increased with a history of generalized tonic–clonic seizures in the previous 3 months (odds ratio [OR]: 13.8; 95% CI: 6.6 to 29.1). The presence of supervision at night was found to be protective (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.8) when a supervising individual shared the same bedroom or when special precautions such as a listening device were used (OR: 0.1; 95% CI: 0.0 to 0.3). Conclusions This work lends support to the view that SUDEP is a seizure-related phenomenon and that control of tonic–clonic seizures is important in its prevention. Nocturnal supervision seems to protect against SUDEP.
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Reichler, Mary R., Awal Khan, Yan Yuan, Bin Chen, James McAuley, Bonita Mangura, Timothy R. Sterling, et al. "Duration of Exposure Among Close Contacts of Patients With Infectious Tuberculosis and Risk of Latent Tuberculosis Infection." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 7 (February 11, 2020): 1627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz1044.
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Abstract Background Predictors of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among close contacts of persons with infectious tuberculosis (TB) are incompletely understood, particularly the number of exposure hours. Methods We prospectively enrolled adult patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB and their close contacts at 9 health departments in the United States and Canada. Patients with TB were interviewed and close contacts were interviewed and screened for TB and LTBI during contact investigations. Results LTBI was diagnosed in 1390 (46%) of 3040 contacts, including 624 (31%) of 2027 US/Canadian-born and 766 (76%) of 1013 non-US/Canadian-born contacts. In multivariable analysis, age ≥5 years, male sex, non-US/Canadian birth, smear-positive index patient, and shared bedroom with an index patient (P < .001 for each), as well as exposure to >1 index patient (P < .05), were associated with LTBI diagnosis. LTBI prevalence increased with increasing exposure duration, with an incremental prevalence increase of 8.2% per 250 exposure hours (P < .0001). For contacts with <250 exposure hours, no difference in prevalence was observed per 50 exposure hours (P = .63). Conclusions Hours of exposure to a patient with infectious TB is an important LTBI predictor, with a possible risk threshold of 250 hours. More exposures, closer exposure proximity, and more extensive index patient disease were additional LTBI predictors.
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Millán-Jiménez, Antonio, Rafael Herrera-Limones, Álvaro López-Escamilla, Emma López-Rubio, and Miguel Torres-García. "Confinement, Comfort and Health: Analysis of the Real Influence of Lockdown on University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (May 23, 2021): 5572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115572.
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The COVID-19 pandemic forced the population worldwide into lockdown. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of this measure on the health and comfort of university students and the role that the characteristics of the home may have played. It is essential to differentiate between the terms comfort and health both from the medical and architectural perspectives, as there are differences between the two concepts that are, nonetheless, shared by both disciplines. An online survey was fulfilled by 188 medicine and architecture undergraduate students at the University of Seville, Spain. In terms of health, 89% suffered neuropsychiatric disorders (56% anxiety and 49% depression), 38% gained weight and 59% reported alcohol consumption. In relation to comfort, the majority rated their home positively, comfortable in terms of room temperature and noise at night, and they had a good relationship with cohabitants. However, those who did not have a balcony or terrace would have liked to have open spaces They would have also liked to increase the size of their bedroom, where they spent most of their time and where they studied. A built-up environment gave them a sense of being imprisoned, while those who enjoyed open spaces found a sense of peace. The absence of open spaces in the house, the environment and the impossibility of making the most frequently used spaces more flexible may have had negative impacts on the health and comfort of university students during confinement.
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Reichler, Mary R., Awal Khan, Timothy R. Sterling, Hui Zhao, Bin Chen, Yan Yuan, Joyce Moran, et al. "Risk Factors for Tuberculosis and Effect of Preventive Therapy Among Close Contacts of Persons With Infectious Tuberculosis." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 8 (May 24, 2019): 1562–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz438.
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Abstract Background Close contacts of persons with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) have high rates of TB disease. Methods We prospectively enrolled TB patients and their close contacts at 9 US/Canadian sites. TB patients and contacts were interviewed to identify index patient, contact, and exposure risk factors for TB. Contacts were evaluated for latent TB infection (LTBI) and TB, and the effectiveness of LTBI treatment for preventing contact TB was examined. Results Among 4490 close contacts, multivariable risk factors for TB were age ≤5 years, US/Canadian birth, human immunodeficiency virus infection, skin test induration ≥10 mm, shared bedroom with an index patient, exposure to more than 1 index patient, and index patient weight loss (P < .05 for each). Of 1406 skin test–positive contacts, TB developed in 49 (9.8%) of 446 who did not initiate treatment, 8 (1.8%) of 443 who received partial treatment, and 1 (0.2%) of 517 who completed treatment (1951, 290, and 31 cases/100 000 person-years, respectively; P < .001). TB was diagnosed in 4.2% of US/Canadian-born compared with 2.3% of foreign-born contacts (P = .002), and TB rates for US/Canadian-born and foreign-born contacts who did not initiate treatment were 3592 and 811 per 100 000 person-years, respectively (P < .001). Conclusions Treatment for LTBI was highly effective in preventing TB among close contacts of infectious TB patients. Several index patient, contact, and exposure characteristics associated with increased risk of contact TB were identified. These findings help inform contact investigation, LTBI treatment, and other public health prevention efforts.
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Fong, Wei Chern Gavin, Susan Grevatt, Stephen Potter, Tracey Tidbury, Latha Kadalayil, Kaisha Bennett, Maria Larsson, Frédéric Nicolas, Ramesh Kurukulaaratchy, and Syed Hasan Arshad. "The Efficacy of the Dyson Air Purifier in Improving Asthma Control: Protocol for a Single-Center, Investigator-Led, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial." JMIR Research Protocols 10, no. 7 (July 27, 2021): e28624. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/28624.
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Background Indoor air quality has been shown to influence asthma control and outcomes. Air purifiers and high-efficiency particulate air filtration devices can improve indoor air quality by reducing the indoor levels of air pollution and allergens. However, the influence of this improved indoor air quality on asthma control remains unclear; hence, randomized controlled trials are needed to further elucidate this phenomenon. Objective This study aims to investigate the effect of reducing the levels of allergens and pollutants in the bedroom and living room through the use of Dyson air purifiers (Dyson Pure Cool) on asthma control. Methods This is an 18-month long, investigator-led, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, single-center trial. Subjects will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to active or placebo Dyson filters. The primary outcome is the change in the scores of Asthma Control Questionnaire 6 and Asthma-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire from baseline. Secondary outcomes include changes in lung function (forced expiratory volume in one second, forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity ratio, and midexpiratory flows), peak expiratory flow measurements, airway hyperresponsiveness (assessed by methacholine bronchial challenge), fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and indoor air pollutant levels. The sample size will be 50 subjects, and all subjects will have a confirmed diagnosis of mild persistent to moderate persistent asthma along with an Asthma Control Questionnaire 6 score of >1.5. Results This study was approved by the West Midlands Research Ethics Committee (18/WM/0277). The study results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals; presented at relevant scientific conferences; and shared in plain English with participants in our newsletters, in our clinics, and via the David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre website. Our trial began in September 2019 and is expected to end in August 2021. Conclusions This is a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, investigator-led study to investigate the efficacy of a novel air purifier in improving asthma control in adults. The trial period of 18 months will facilitate the collection of robust data and will therefore generate clear signals. However, this extended trial duration may lead to patient withdrawal. Furthermore, this trial is conducted at a single center and in a location with a homogenous cohort of people, which may affect translatability. Nonetheless, it is hoped that the findings of this trial may help further inform clinicians regarding the utility of this novel device as an adjunct in asthma care. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04729530; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04729530 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/28624
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Jerin, Tasnuba. "Biogeomorphic effects of woody vegetation on bedrock streams." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 43, no. 6 (June 2, 2019): 777–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133319851027.
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The dynamic interactions between fluvial processes and vegetation vary in different environments and are uncertain in bedrock settings. Bedrock streams are much less studied than alluvial in all aspects, and in many respects act in qualitatively different ways. This research seeks to fill this lacuna by studying bedrock streams from a biogeomorphic perspective. It aims to identify the impacts of woody vegetation that may be common to fluvial systems and rocky hillslopes in general, or that may be unique to bedrock channels. A review of the existing literature on biogeomorphology – mostly fluvial and rocky hillslope environments – was carried out, and field examples of biogeomorphic impacts (BGIs) associated with fluvial systems of various bedrock environments were then examined to complement the review. Results indicate that bedrock streams exhibit both shared and highly concentrated BGIs in relation to alluvial streams and rocky hillslopes. Bedrock streams display a bioprotective geomorphic form – root banks (when the root itself forms the stream bank) – which is distinctive, but not exclusive to this setting. On the other hand, shared biogeomorphic impacts with alluvial streams include sediment and wood trapping, and bar and island development and stabilization (i.e. bioconstruction/modification and protection). Shared impacts with rocky hillslopes also include bioprotection, as well as displacement of bedrock due to root and trunk growth, and bedrock mining caused by tree uprooting (i.e. bioweathering and erosion). Two BGI triangles were developed to graphically display these relationships. Finally, this paper concludes that bedrock streams exhibit some BGIs that also occur in either alluvial channels or on rocky hillslopes. Therefore, no BGIs were identified that are absolutely unique to bedrock fluvial environments.
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Calkins, M., and C. Cassella. "Exploring the Cost and Value of Private Versus Shared Bedrooms in Nursing Homes." Gerontologist 47, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/47.2.169.
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Carroll, Edward V., and Sonya Salamon. "Share and Share Alike: Inheritance Patterns in Two Illinois Farm Communities." Journal of Family History 13, no. 2 (April 1988): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319908801300204.
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How families choose to transfer resources to the next generation is shown to be determined by goals and priorities derived from ethnocultural values. Two ethnically distinct Illinois farm communities, one of German-Catholic, the other of Yankee descent, having similar soils and geographic characteristics were investigated with: (1) an ethnographic field study; and (2) probated court documents over the century since settlement. Despite Germans engaging in more estate planning than Yankees, current German farms are smaller and income is supplemented with off-farm work; Yankee farms are larger, diversified with animals and worked full-time. German-yeoman values gave farm and ownership continuity high priority and, combined with large families and little inherited liquid assets, tended to keep heirs in agriculture and fragment estates. Yankee-entrepreneurial priorities led to diversified investments, greater liquid assets, but, more importantly, declining family size and greater outmigration resulted in larger portions for heirs and fewer farmers. These contrasting familial patterns cumulatively evolved communities along different paths: yeoman-Germans were committed to a vital, integrated community; entrepreneurial-Yankee disinterest produced a declining bedroom community that lacks cohesion.
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Stoenchev, Nikolay, and Yana Hrischeva. "Tendencies and Seasonality in the Change of the Prices of Residential Real Estates by Neighborhoods in the Capital of Bulgaria, Sofia." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 6, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjreecm-2018-0012.
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Abstract The aim of the present article is to research the availability of rules in the change of the prices of the most spread flats in the neighbourhoods of Sofia. The results from a research in the change of the offered prices of the residential real estates by months for an annual period of time (from October 2016 to September 2017) have been presented. The presence of an uprising tendency for the bigger share of the neighbourhoods has been proven. For those of them where there is a tendency missing are calculated indices for seasonality by the method of the mean chronological value. Upcoming seasonal deviations of the mean monthly prices from the average annual by the separate types of flats (studios, one-bedroom and two-bedroom flats), whereas the highest values are registered in the summer and the early autumn - the months August and September, and the lowest in the late autumn - the months October and November. The most significant are the fluctuations in the variation of the prices in the studios, followed by the two-bedroom flats and one-bedroom flats. The results could be useful to some potential investors.
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Jonkman, M. B. "Controls on subglacial bedrock erosion and morphology near Drumnadrochit, Scotland." Scottish Journal of Geology 57, no. 1 (February 3, 2021): sjg2020–010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sjg2020-010.
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Abrasion and plucking are important subglacial erosional processes that create different landforms. This study shows that properties of bedrock control subglacial erosion and bedrock morphology. Softer and less-jointed bedrock favours abrasion, while denser-jointed bedrock and harder bedrock do not. Field work for this study was carried out near Drumnadrochit in Inverness-shire, where the lithology, geology and morphology of rôches moutonnées and crag-and-tails were examined. In this area, the rôches moutonnées, which have an abraded stoss side, are only shaped out of a relatively soft, biotite-rich gneiss, with not much jointing. The crag-and-tails have more densely jointed stoss sides and are shaped out of serpentinite or a harder, more felsic gneiss. Foliation appears not to influence subglacial erosion, since the foliation in rôches moutonnées and crag-and-tails in the study area is similar.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Early Career Research collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/SJG-early-career-research
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Veress, Márton. "The Evolution and Development of Solution Dolines with Horizontal Growth and the Processes of Their Floors: A Case Study on the Plate-Shaped Dolines of the Bükk Mountains, Aggtelek Karst and Pádis Plateau." Earth 1, no. 1 (October 8, 2020): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/earth1010005.
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This study investigated the evolution and development of plate-shaped dolines (depressions with a large diameter, small depth and plain floor) within the framework of a case study. For the determination of their morphological characteristics, the morphological parameters of 16 dolines were measured and calculated (their average values were compared to the parameter average values of the dolines of other doline types). Based on the data from the vertical electrical sounding measurements, the superficial deposit and the morphology of the bedrock of six dolines were studied. It can be stated that the plate-shaped dolines increased in size by widening. They were formed at sites where the water drainage and material transport capacities of the epikarst of the bedrock ceased on doline floors, while the drainage and material transport took place at the margin of the dolines. Their genetic varieties were plate-shaped dolines with a karren, plate-shaped dolines with a drawdown doline, plate-shaped dolines with a subsidence doline, plate-shaped dolines without a drawdown doline and plate-shaped dolines with a partial doline.
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Sara Upstone. "Beyond the Bedroom: Motherhood in E. L. James's Fifty Shades of Grey Trilogy." Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 37, no. 2 (2016): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5250/fronjwomestud.37.2.0138.
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Minkler, Meredith, R. David Rebanal, Robin Pearce, and Maria Acosta. "Growing Equity and Health Equity in Perilous Times: Lessons From Community Organizers." Health Education & Behavior 46, no. 1_suppl (September 24, 2019): 9S—18S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198119852995.
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Although a growing body of evidence underscores the contributions of community-based participatory research, community coalitions and other community engagement approaches to addressing health equity, one of the most potent forms of engagement—community organizing—has attracted far less attention in our field. Yet, organizing by and for communities, to build power, select issues, develop and use strategies, and take action to address the goals they collectively have set, may offer important lessons for public health professionals in these fraught times. We share, largely in their own words, the experiences and reflections of ~140 grassroots organizers across the United States who attended regional convenings of organizers in 2017, planned and run by four leading community capacity and base-building organizations, and where diverse organizers shared strategies that work, challenges faced, and the deep concerns among their already often disenfranchised communities in the contemporary sociopolitical and cultural context. After briefly reviewing some of community organizing’s core tenets and complexities, we share our qualitative research methods and key findings about the primary cross-regional concerns raised (mass incarceration, voter suppression, and immigrant rights), the themes that emerged (e.g., centering leadership by women of color and of using a health lens to frame community issues), as well as the challenges faced (e.g., the retraumatization often experienced by organizers and the difficulties in building alliances between groups “that have been taught to distrust each other”). We conclude by discussing how many of the promising practices and lessons shared by the community organizers might enhance our own field’s health equity-focused efforts, particularly if we take seriously one of their most bedrock messages: that there can be no health equity without racial equity and social justice, and that to get to health equity, we must first address equity writ large, particularly in troubling times.
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Pino, Mariela, Andrés Troncoso, Carolina Belmar, and Daniel Pascual. "BEDROCK MORTARS IN THE SEMIARID NORTH OF CHILE (30° S.): TIME, SPACE, AND SOCIAL PROCESSES AMONG LATE HOLOCENE HUNTER-GATHERERS." Latin American Antiquity 29, no. 4 (September 26, 2018): 793–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2018.52.
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Bedrock mortars recur in the record of many prehispanic communities. However, few studies discuss their relationship with social processes. In the present work, we discuss a regional study of bedrock mortars in the semiarid north of Chile, specifically the Limarí River basin (30° S). Using a combination of formal, spatial, contextual, archaeobotanical, and absolute dating analyses, we assess the chronology of bedrock mortars and how they related to social processes of hunter-gatherer populations of the region (2000 BC to AD 1000). In particular, we suggest that an increase in production of bedrock mortars among pottery-using hunter-gatherer groups (AD 1–1000) can be observed, associated with a greater intensity of plant collection and use, and a diminution in the importance of hunting. This situation led to a set of new social relationships structured on the practice of collective grinding and shared use of bedrock mortars. These results show the importance of this material record as a means of approaching aspects of prehispanic social life, and demonstrates a methodological framework within which to interrogate this materiality by combining different analytical levels of bedrock mortars’ variability.
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Friedman, David. "Privacy and Technology." Social Philosophy and Policy 17, no. 2 (2000): 186–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500002168.
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The definition above nicely encapsulates two of the intertwined meanings of ‘privacy’. In the first sense—physical seclusion—the level of privacy in modern developed societies is extraordinarily high by historical standards. We take it for granted that a bed in a hotel will be occupied by either one person or a couple—not by several strangers. At home, few of us expect to share either bed or bedroom with our children. In these and a variety of other ways, increased physical privacy has come as a byproduct of increased wealth.
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Patterson, C. J., and T. J. Boerboom. "The significance of pre-existing, deeply weathered crystalline rock in interpreting the effects of glaciation in the Minnesota River valley, U.S.A." Annals of Glaciology 28 (1999): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821995.
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AbstractMinnesota is largely underlain by Precambrian crystalline bedrock that was weathered to an average depth of 30 m prior to Late Cretaceous time. The fresh-rock— weathered-rock interface is irregular, with as much as 45 m of relief. Weathering exploited joints, locally isolating meter-sized volumes of rock known as corestones. Variable amounts of residuum were removed through glaciation to leave (1) saprolite overlain by an in-situ Late Cretaceous soil profile; (2) partially eroded saprolite; and (3) undulating fresh rock surfaces (commonly mantled by rounded boulders) that display striae and glacial or fluvial polish.Significant subglacial erosion of fresh bedrock is not required to form smoothly undulating bedrock surfaces with closed depressions; they may also form through removal of weathered bedrock and exposure of the weathering front. Large rounded boulders are not always shaped during transport; they may represent chemically rounded corestones resting at or near the bedrock source.Unambiguous evidence for glacial erosion includes striae and streamlining of bedrock parallel to striae. Polish on rock can be created fluvially, and smoothed grooves and ridges in the rock may be chemically produced. Many rounded boulders found in glacial till and strewn on bedrock surfaces probably originated as corestones.
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Salimi, Payam. "Initial exploration of Hydrocarbon resources by Gravity Data: A Case Study in the South of Qom Province, Iran." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN NATURAL SCIENCES 2, no. 1 (May 25, 2015): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jns.v2i1.5034.
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Geophysical methods widely used in oil and gas exploration. Modeling of gravity data is used extensively to illustrate the geometry and interface between the sediments and bedrock. Which can help the salt dome, anticline folds, dome-shaped uplift of the continental platform and reef masses to be identified. There are various methods to illustrate the bedrock topography, and we will describe one of these methods in present paper. Using the upward continuation, we extract the residual gravity anomaly which in fact shows the local effect of bedrock gravity on the observed gravity. Then, according to the Oldenburg - Parker method, the residual gravity data are inversed and finally the 3D geometry the bedrock is illustrated. It should be noted that some software's like Surfer and Excel are used in this research but the program main code is written using Matlab programming.
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Dill, Harald G., Andrei Buzatu, and Sorin-Ionut Balaban. "Straight to Low-Sinuosity Drainage Systems in a Variscan-Type Orogen—Constraints from Tectonics, Lithology and Climate." Minerals 11, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11090933.
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A holistic-modular approach has been taken to study the evolution of three straight to low-sinuosity drainage systems (=SSS) in an uplifted basement block of the Central European Variscides. The development of the SSS is described by means of a quadripartite model. (1) The geological framework of the SSS: Forming the lithological and structural features in the bedrock as a result of different temperature, pressure and dynamic-metamorphic processes. (2) Prestage of SSS: Forming the paleo-landscape with a stable fluvial regime as a starting point for the SSS. (3) Proto-SSS: Transition into the metastable fluvial regime of the SSS. (4) Modern SSS: Operation of the metastable fluvial regime Tectonics plays a dual role. Late Paleozoic fold tectonic creates the basis for the studied SSS and has a guiding effect on the development of morphotectonic units during the Neogene and Quaternary. Late Cenozoic fault tectonics triggered the SSS to incise into the Paleozoic basement. The change in the bedrock lithology has an impact on the fluvial and colluvial sediments as well as their landforms. The latter reflects a conspicuous modification: straight drainage system ⇒ higher sinuosity and paired terraces ⇒ hillwash plains. Climate change has an indirect effect controlling via the bedrock the intensity of mechanical and chemical weathering. The impact on the development of the SSS can be assessed as follows: Tectonics >> climate ≅ bedrock lithology. The three parameters cause a facies zonation: (1) wide-and-shallow valley (Miocene), (2) wide-angle V-shaped valley (Plio-Pleistocene), (3) acute-angle V-shaped valley (Pleistocene), (4) V-shaped to U-shaped valleys (Pleistocene-Holocene). Numerical data relevant for the hydrographic studies of the SSS are determined in each reference area: (1) Quantification of fluvial and colluvial deposits along the drainage system, (2) slope angles, (3) degree of sinuosity as a function of river facies, (4) grain size distribution, (5) grain morphological categorization, (6) grain orientation (“situmetry”), (7) channel density, (8) channel/floodplain ratios. Thermodynamic computations (Eh, pH, concentration of solubles) are made to constrain the paleoclimatic regime during formation of the SSS. The current model of the SSS is restricted in its application to the basement of the Variscan-Type orogens, to an intermediate crustal maturity state.
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Skinner, Adrian E. G., and Christine M. Williams. "A study of the measurement of changes occurring in long-term psychiatric patients discharged to residential care in the community." Psychiatric Bulletin 15, no. 6 (June 1991): 331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.6.331.
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As more health authorities close large psychiatric hospitals the provision of small local facilities in which former residents of such hospitals are housed is increasing. Such houses tend to share many common characteristics dictated both by practical necessity and by deliberate policy – they tend to be large Victorian houses chosen because they have a larger number of bedrooms and they tend to be run in a much less formal manner than hospital wards (Goldberg, 1985).
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Spilde, M. N., D. E. Northup, and P. J. Boston. "The Hunt for Red Corrosion: A Study of Microbial Rock Corrosion in Caves." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 536–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600016007.
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A number of cave systems host colorful deposits of what has been termed “corrosion residue” (CR), material that appears to be the breakdown product of bedrock minerals. The CR may be red, pink, orange, ocher, brown gray, or black and usually occurs in a variety of places within caves (ceilings, walls, tops and sides of boulders, etc.). Geologists have hypothesized that CR is the long-term result of upwelling corrosive air. However, discovery of evidence of microbial activity has led to a complimentary explanation that microbes could be active participants in the production of the corrosion residue. These deposits have been cursorily examined in several caves, including Jewel Cave (SD), Lechuguilla and Spider Caves (NM), and Cueva de Villa Luz (Tabasco, Mexico) using microscopy techniques of SEM and TEM, along with EDS and WDS analysis.In all cases, the CR is a complex mixture of iron and/or manganese oxides, clays, quartz, and corroded bedrock material. In several cases, rare earth element (REE) phosphate minerals and other unusual minerals have been observed. The REE minerals are believed to result from recrystallization of apatite present in the bedrock; rare earth elements are commonly present in trace amounts within the apatite minerals. X-ray diffraction and bulk chemical analysis has shown that Fe3+ makes up the bulk if not all of the Fe-oxides in the CR while microprobe analysis of thin sections of the bedrock has found Fe2+ in dolomite as high as 700 ppm.Within much of examined material, evidence of microbial life is present in the form of structures shaped like coccoid or filamentous bacteria. There is often a close association of presumptive bacteria with small dissolution pits in corroded fragments of bedrock minerals in the CR (Figure 1). In addition to the putative bacteria, the mineral residue often hosts small star-shaped minerals containing Fe-oxide (Figure 2).
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Milodowski, D. T., S. M. Mudd, and E. T. A. Mitchard. "Topographic roughness as a signature of the emergence of bedrock in eroding landscapes." Earth Surface Dynamics 3, no. 4 (October 16, 2015): 483–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-483-2015.
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Abstract. Rock is exposed at the Earth surface when rates of erosion locally exceed rates of soil production. The thinning of soils and emergence of bedrock has implications spanning geomorphology, ecology and hydrology. Soil-mantled hillslopes are typically shaped by diffusion-like sediment transport processes that act to smooth topography through time, generating the familiar smooth, convex hillslope profiles that are common in low relief landscapes. Other processes, however, can roughen the landscape. Bedrock emergence can produce rough terrain; in this contribution we exploit the contrast between rough patches of bedrock outcrop and smooth, diffusion-dominated soil to detect bedrock outcrops. Specifically, we demonstrate that the local variability of surface normal vectors, measured from 1 m resolution airborne LiDAR data, can be used as a topographic signature to identify areas within landscapes where rock exposure is present. We then use this roughness metric to investigate the transition from soil-mantled to bedrock hillslopes as erosion rates increase in two transient landscapes, Bald Rock Basin, which drains into the Middle Fork Feather River, California, and Harrington Creek, a tributary of the Salmon River, Idaho. Rather than being abrupt, as predicted by traditional soil production models, in both cases the transition from fully soil-mantled to bedrock hillslopes is gradual and spatially heterogeneous, with rapidly eroding hillslopes supporting a patchwork of bedrock and soil that is well documented by changes in topographic roughness, highlighting the utility of this metric for testing hypotheses concerning the emergence of bedrock and adding to a growing body of evidence that indicates the persistence of partial soil mantles in steep, rapidly eroding landscapes.
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Turpin, Solveig A. "Hunting Camps and Hunting Magic: Petroglyphs of the Eldorado Divide, West Texas." North American Archaeologist 13, no. 4 (April 1993): 295–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/5vvy-umde-p9yw-2x68.
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Seven open bedrock petroglyph sites on the western Edwards Plateau share similarities that suggest that these locations were temporary hunting camps, used during the rainy season by people whose ranges centered around the major rivers that flow north, south, east, and west of the Eldorado Divide. All are remote from permanent water, but all contain natural bedrock cavities capable of holding casual water for at least a month in the cooler seasons. Burned rock features testify to domestic activities or processing of procured resources. Three categories of petroglyphs—meandering lines, discrete geometrics, and representational motifs, including animal tracks—have been abraded into flat expanses of exposed limestone bedrock at these sites. The association between animal tracks and casual water sources suggests that hunting magic was one reason that ritual art was produced at these otherwise obscure locations.
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Milodowski, D. T., S. M. Mudd, and E. T. A. Mitchard. "Topographic roughness as a signature of the emergence of bedrock in eroding landscapes." Earth Surface Dynamics Discussions 3, no. 2 (May 18, 2015): 371–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-3-371-2015.
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Abstract. Rock is exposed at the Earth surface when rates of erosion locally exceed rates of soil production. The thinning of soils and emergence of bedrock has implications spanning geomorphology, ecology and hydrology. Soil mantled hillslopes are typically shaped by diffusive sediment transport processes that act to smooth topography through times, generating the familiar smooth, convex hillslope profiles that are common in low relief landscapes. Bedrock emergence represents a fundamental change in the dynamics of hillslope sediment transport, which are no longer diffusive. The resultant increase in surface roughness provides a possible means by which bedrock outcrop on hillslopes can be detected. We demonstrate that the local variability of surface normal vectors, measured from 1 m resolution airborne LiDAR data, can be used as a topographic signature to identify areas within landscapes where rock exposure is present. We then use this roughness metric to investigate the transition from soil mantled to bedrock hillslopes as erosion rates increase in two transient landscapes, Bald Rock Basin, which drains into the Middle Fork Feather River, California, and Harrington Creek, a tributary of the Salmon River, Idaho. Rather than being abrupt, as predicted by traditional soil production models, in both cases the transition from fully soil mantled to bedrock hillslopes is gradual and spatially heterogeneous, with rapidly eroding hillslopes supporting a patchwork of bedrock and soil that is well documented by changes in topographic roughness, highlighting the utility of this metric for testing hypotheses concerning the emergence of bedrock and adding to a growing body of evidence that indicates the persistence of partial soil mantles in steep, rapidly eroding landscapes.
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Alonso, Maria Justo, Rikke Bramming Jørgensen, and Hans Martin Mathisen. "Short term measurements of indoor air quality when using the home office in Norway." E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124601002.
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In 2020, due to the outbreak of COVID-19 many workers have been sent home to avoid the sickness spread. As a result, rooms that otherwise had domestic use, living rooms or bedrooms, have become offices. This change has happened in many houses without improving the ventilation systems. In many cases, the rooms were overcrowded, and no attention was paid to ventilation. Thus, this study collects measurements of one to two weeks in different home offices. Measurements were taken in home offices used by one or more occupants. These home offices were designed as bedrooms and living rooms with and without separation from the kitchen. During the pandemic they are used as offices during working hours and as designed otherwise. One or more occupants shared the rooms. Natural and mechanically ventilated and older and newer home offices were studied. Winter measurements of CO2, temperature, relative humidity, particulate matter, formaldehyde and TVOC were collected via low-cost sensors. The sensors were placed on the working space in front of the user to map the exposure to pollutants. The results show an analysis of the concentration of pollutants close to the breathed air. Some users were smart, remembering the aeration, whereas others were exposed to high concentrations of CO2 and other pollutants sometimes higher than the health-based thresholds.
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Caves, Richard E. "Contracts Between Art and Commerce." Journal of Economic Perspectives 17, no. 2 (May 1, 2003): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/089533003765888430.
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Contract structures used in the arts and entertainment industries are central to understanding their economic organization. The structures spring from common bedrock traits of these industries—pervasive product differentiation, all costs sunk, consumers' valuations unpredictable, artists having tastes for how creative work is done. Joint-venture structures are commen, with revenue (not profit) shared. Advances to artists help bring incentive and distributive goals into consistency, as do long-term contracts covering successive cycles of the artist's output. Real option contracts allow the efficient allocation of decision rights in a project on which collaborators work successively.
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Recabarren, Ruben, and Bogdan Carbunar. "Hardening Stratum, the Bitcoin Pool Mining Protocol." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2017, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/popets-2017-0028.
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Abstract Stratum, the de-facto mining communication protocol used by blockchain based cryptocurrency systems, enables miners to reliably and efficiently fetch jobs from mining pool servers. In this paper we exploit Stratum’s lack of encryption to develop passive and active attacks on Bitcoin’s mining protocol, with important implications on the privacy, security and even safety of mining equipment owners. We introduce StraTap and ISP Log attacks, that infer miner earnings if given access to miner communications, or even their logs. We develop BiteCoin, an active attack that hijacks shares submitted by miners, and their associated payouts. We build BiteCoin on WireGhost, a tool we developed to hijack and surreptitiously maintain Stratum connections. Our attacks reveal that securing Stratum through pervasive encryption is not only undesirable (due to large overheads), but also ineffective: an adversary can predict miner earnings even when given access to only packet timestamps. Instead, we devise Bedrock, a minimalistic Stratum extension that protects the privacy and security of mining participants. We introduce and leverage the mining cookie concept, a secret that each miner shares with the pool and includes in its puzzle computations, and that prevents attackers from reconstructing or hijacking the puzzles. We have implemented our attacks and collected 138MB of Stratum protocol traffic from mining equipment in the US and Venezuela. We show that Bedrock is resilient to active attacks even when an adversary breaks the crypto constructs it uses. Bedrock imposes a daily overhead of 12.03s on a single pool server that handles mining traffic from 16,000 miners.
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Yan, Weitao, Junjie Chen, Yi Tan, Wenzhi Zhang, and Lailiang Cai. "Theoretical Analysis of Mining Induced Overburden Subsidence Boundary with the Horizontal Coal Seam Mining." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (March 29, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6657738.
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The overburden subsidence induced by underground mining has caused great damage to the ecological environmental and seriously threatens the safe use of underground structures. Focusing on the overburden subsidence, this paper uses theoretical analysis method to study the overburden subsidence boundary with a horizontal coal seam mining. In this paper, the viscoelastic theory and the random medium theory are used separately to deduce and analyze the subsidence boundary of bedrock and unconsolidated stratum, which are two media with different lithology. For bedrock, the results show that the subsidence boundary of bedrock is 1/4 of the wavelength of pressure wave from the mining boundary, strata subsidence boundary expands with the increase of vertical distance between calculated strata and coal seam, and the subsidence boundary in bedrock is an upward concave curve. For unconsolidated stratum, the results show that the larger the internal friction angle, the greater the angle between subsidence boundary and horizontal line. From the bottom to the surface of the unconsolidated stratum, the internal friction angle decreases gradually and the angle between subsidence boundary and horizontal line also decreases gradually, so the subsidence boundary curve in the unconsolidated stratum is convex. Combined with the bedrock and unconsolidated stratum, it is concluded that the subsidence boundary of the whole overburden is bowl-shaped. This study is helpful to reveal the black box of rock subsidence and can provide theoretical support for the establishment of overburden subsidence prediction model and transparent mine in the later stage.
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Seibert, Gregory S., Matthew E. Jaurequi, Ross W. May, Ashley N. Cooper, Thomas Ledermann, Jonathan G. Kimmes, and Frank D. Fincham. "Self-control, sleep disturbance, and the mediating role of occupational burnout in married couples." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 10 (December 6, 2018): 3159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407518815978.
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Although the importance of occupational burnout for sleep has long been recognized, it is largely examined as an individual phenomenon. Because a majority of adults in the U.S. share the bedroom with their partner, the current study examines the role of occupational burnout in understanding the link between self-control and sleep disturbance in close relationships. Data from 96 married couples were analyzed using the actor–partner interdependence mediation model. Both husbands’ and wives’ self-control (predictor) were linked to their levels of occupational burnout (mediator), and to husbands’ sleep disturbance (outcome) through husbands’ occupational burnout. Neither husbands’ or wives’ self-control nor occupational burnout scores related to wives’ sleep disturbance. Findings from the current study identify burnout management in husbands as a potential nonpharmacological alternative approach to treating sleep disorders and emphasizes the need to examine predictors of sleep in a relational context.
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Goodenough, K. M., M. Krabbendam, T. Bradwell, A. Finlayson, and A. G. Leslie. "Digital surface models and the landscape: interaction between bedrock and glacial geology in the Ullapool area." Scottish Journal of Geology 45, no. 2 (October 1, 2009): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0036-9276/01-397.
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SynopsisThe front cover image for this volume is a hill-shaded digital surface model (DSM) of the Ullapool area, created using NEXTMap Britain elevation data from Intermap Technologies. This is a classic area for bedrock geology, transected by the Moine Thrust Zone, and in recent years it has also been studied in detail for its glacial history. Perhaps equally important, this is one of Scotland's most iconic landscapes. The geology of the area comprises a number of distinct sequences, each of which has a characteristic landscape expression as illustrated by the DSM. This paper considers the influence of the bedrock geology on the glacial geomorphology, and shows that the interplay of the two has led to the development of the different landscape elements of this spectacular area. Surprisingly, it is not always the major geological features – such as the Moine Thrust – that have the strongest topographic expression.
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Lavy, Adi, David Geller McGrath, Paula B. Matheus Carnevali, Jiamin Wan, Wenming Dong, Tetsu K. Tokunaga, Brian C. Thomas, Kenneth H. Williams, Susan S. Hubbard, and Jillian F. Banfield. "Microbial communities across a hillslope‐riparian transect shaped by proximity to the stream, groundwater table, and weathered bedrock." Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 12 (June 2019): 6869–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5254.
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Friesen, Amanda. "Generational Change? The Effects of Family, Age, and Time on Moral Foundations." Forum 17, no. 1 (April 24, 2019): 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/for-2019-0005.
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Abstract One way to uncover the persistent role of religion across generations is to look past traditional understandings of religious belief and denominational belonging and examine the presence of bedrock principles that could influence political beliefs in families. The Moral Foundations framework was developed for this purpose – to describe human behavior and attitudes in the moral realm without relying upon country, culture, or time specific labels. In an original and rare three-generation dataset, college students, their parents, and their grandparents were asked about political attitudes and preferences for the Moral Foundations of Harm/Care, Fairness/Reciprocity, Ingroup/Loyalty, Authority/Respect, and Purity/Sanctity. The Foundations are not equally shared across generations as preferences for each Foundation increase with the age of the cohorts in this sample, with especially large differences on Authority and Purity. A follow-up survey reveals that Moral Foundations may not be stable across even short periods of time. These findings suggest that the political appeals that may work on older Americans may be less effective on the younger generations. If individuals indeed make moral decisions based on these types of bedrock principles, understanding which of these principles or Foundations drive particular age groups can help us better understand shifts in public opinion.
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Kosar, Keith, Ryan Phillips, Dennis Becker, and Jim Turnham. "Physical Modeling of Foundations for Northumberland Strait Crossing." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1582, no. 1 (January 1997): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1582-02.
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The 13-km-long Northumberland Strait Crossing will become the longest continuous marine span bridge in Canada. The marine and navigational spans of the bridge will be supported by 44 precast concrete piers founded on bedrock using ring-shaped footings in a maximum water depth of 35 to 40 m. Bedrock stratigraphy ranges from massive strong sandstone to a variable sequence of thinly bedded weak mudstones and siltstones. Foundation conditions vary significantly from pier to pier and in several cases can vary through the vertical and lateral extent of a particular foundation. In addition to the complex foundation conditions, the large horizontal environmental loadings on each pier must be considered in the geotechnical analyses. Reduced-scale physical model tests of selected marine piers on a centrifuge investigated potential mechanisms of failure and examined how these mechanisms varied with loading and foundation conditions. The results of the experimental program were used in conjunction with analytical results to enhance the fundamental understanding of the geotechnical aspects of foundation design and have led to an improved design methodology.
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Dampier, Lesley, Paul Sanborn, Scott Smith, Jeffrey Bond, and John J. Clague. "Genesis of upland soils, Lewes Plateau, central Yukon. Part 2: Soils formed in weathered granitic bedrock." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91, no. 4 (July 2011): 579–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2010-002.
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Dampier, L., Sanborn, P., Smith, S., Bond, J. and Clague, J. J. 2011. Genesis of upland soils, Lewes Plateau, central Yukon. Part 2: Soils formed in weathered granitic bedrock. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 579–594. Polygenetic soils have formed on weathered granitic bedrock at high elevation (>1200 m asl) beyond the penultimate glacial limit on the Lewes Plateau in central Yukon Territory. Solum thickness in four Brunisols that were examined exceeds the depths of excavated pits (85–110 cm), but data indicate limited chemical weathering. Clay mineralogy is dominated by vermiculite and kaolinite. Smectite and chlorite are present in horizons derived, respectively, from residuum and colluvium. Sola are strongly cryoturbated, in spite of the lack of permafrost at these sites today. Three scenarios are proposed to explain these soils: preservation of relict soil features beneath cold-based ice, prolonged interglacial soil formation following erosion of till deposited by warm-based ice, and ice-free conditions throughout the Quaternary, with soil evolution shaped by multiple glacial-interglacial cycles.
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Jovanović, Nikolina, Justin Campbell, and Stefan Priebe. "How to design psychiatric facilities to foster positive social interaction – A systematic review." European Psychiatry 60 (August 2019): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.04.005.
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AbstractPsychiatric facilities are often criticised of being poorly designed which may contribute to violent incidents and patients’ complaints of feeling bored and lacking meaningful interactions with peers and staff. There is a lack of understanding how to design environments for staff, patients and visitors to engage in positive social interactions (e.g. conversation, sharing, peer support). We conducted a systematic literature review on which architectural typologies and design solutions facilitate helpful social interactions between users of psychiatric facilities. Several interventions were identified such as choosing a community location; building smaller (up to 20 beds) homelike and well integrated facilities with single/double bedrooms and wide range of communal areas; provision of open nursing stations; ensuring good balance between private and shared spaces for patients and staff; and specific interior design interventions such as arranging furniture in small, flexible groupings, introduction of plants on wards, and installing private conversation booths. These interventions range from simple and non-costly to very complex ones. The evidence should inform the design of new hospitals and the retrofitting of existing ones.
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Dresser, Rebecca. "Subversive Subjects: Rule-Breaking and Deception in Clinical Trials." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, no. 4 (2013): 829–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12093.
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Scientific reports about clinical research appear objective and straightforward. They describe a study's findings, methods, subject population, number of subjects, and contribution to existing knowledge. The overall picture is pristine: the research team establishes the requirements of study participation and subjects conform to these requirements. Readers are left with the impression that everything was done correctly, by the book.In other places, however, one finds a different and messier picture of clinical research. In this picture, research subjects deviate from the prescribed plan. One author contrasted the “tidy graphics” and “crisp prose” of the New England Journal of Medicine's HIV/AIDS trial publications with reports that subjects shared medications and broke other trial rules. Awareness of this behavior, he wrote, could lead insiders to “conclude that knowledge was resting on something rather less solid than bedrock.”
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Johnson, Sherri L. "Factors influencing stream temperatures in small streams: substrate effects and a shading experiment." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 913–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-040.
Full textAbstract:
The temperature of stream water is an important control of many in-stream processes. To better understand the processes and consequences of solar energy inputs to streams, stream temperature dynamics were examined before, during, and after experimental shading of a 150-m reach of a second-order stream in the Oregon Cascade Range. Maximum water temperatures declined significantly in the shaded reach, but minimum and mean temperatures were not modified. Heat budget calculations before shading show the dominance of solar energy as an influence of stream temperature. The influence of substrate type on stream temperature was examined separately where the water flowed first over bedrock and then through alluvial substrates. Maximum temperatures in the upstream bedrock reach were up to 8.6 °C higher and 3.4 °C lower than downstream in the alluvial reach. Better understanding of factors that influence not only maximum but minimum temperatures as well as diurnal temperature variation will highlight types of reaches in which stream temperature would be most responsive to changes in shading. Many apparent discrepancies in stream temperature literature can be explained by considering variation in the relative importance of different stream temperature drivers within and among streams and over time.
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YLI-HALLA, M., and D. L. MOKMA. "Soils in an agricultural landscape of Jokioinen, south-western Finland." Agricultural and Food Science 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5677.
Full textAbstract:
Eleven pedons in an agricultural landscape at elevations 80-130 m above sea level in Jokioinen, south-western Finland were investigated and classified according to Soil Taxonomy, the FAO-Unesco system (FAO), and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources system (WRB). The soils were related to geomorphology of the landscape which is characterized by clayey fields and forested bedrock high areas covered with glacial till. A Spodosol/Podzol was found in a coarse-sandy soil in an esker while the sandy loam in a bedrock high area soils did not have an E horizon. A man-made mollic epipedon was found in a cultivated soil which had a sandy plow layer while clayey plow layers were ochric epipedons. Cambic horizons, identified by structure and redox concentrations, were common in cultivated soils. In a heavy clay soil, small slickensides and wedge-shaped aggregates, i.e., vertic characteristics, were found. Histosols occurred in local topographic depressions irrespective of the absolute elevation. According to the three classification systems, the following catenas are recognized: Haplocryods - Dystro/Eutrocryepts -Haplocryolls - Cryaquepts - Cryosaprists (Soil Taxonomy), Podzols - Regosols - Cambisols - Histosols (FAO-Unesco), and Podzols - Cambisols - Phaeozems - Gleysols - Histosols (WRB).;