Academic literature on the topic 'Sharp violation of cerebral circulation of blood'

<strong>Aim.</strong><strong>&nbsp;</strong>To define risks and complications for patients with the sharp ischemia of lower extremities in the sharp period of stroke after reconstructive surgical treatment for the decline of amount of amputations and sharp violations of cerebral circulation of blood postoperative period. <strong>Materials and methods.</strong>&nbsp;In the period 2015&ndash;2019 based on the Department of Acute Diseases of Vessels of the State Institution &laquo;ICUS by. VT Zaitsev NAMNU &raquo;we operated 31 patients for acute ischemia of the lower extremities during the period of acute ischemic stroke (namely, within 3&ndash;4 weeks after the neurological manifestations). The mean age of the patients was 72.9&plusmn;1.65 years. Among them are 17 women and 14 men. The diagnosis of acute ischemia of the lower extremities was established in 19 patients, the upper &ndash; in 12 patients. <strong>Results.</strong>&nbsp;All patients (31) were operated; the main blood flow was restored. In 28 cases of patients were performed embolectomy, in 3 cases &ndash; bypass surgery. <strong>Conclusions.</strong>&nbsp;Ultrasound examination of the lower extremities should be performed for patients with acute stroke ischemia with paresis to verify acute lower limb ischemia, which allows timely diagnosis of ischemia and reduce the number of amputations in patients with acute lower limb ischemia I-II degree to 0 %, and the risk of stroke to 3.2 %

The article presents the results of histological studies of the frontal area of the cerebral cortexб taken from 10 corpses of cats aged from 3 months to 5.5 years, in which infectious peritonitis (based on anamnesis, clinical signs, morphological and biochemical blood analysis , ultrasound diagnostics, Rivalt test and express diagnosis) was diagnosed during their life. A pathoanatomical study was conducted; samples of the frontal area of the cerebral cortex of cats, which were fixed in a 12% aqueous solution of neutral formalin, a solution of Carnoua and 96° ethyl alcohol, were selected. The histocuts were made, which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, thionine for Nisslem. In order to detect the astrocytic glory, a fraction of the cerebral cortex was fixed by the Golgi-Clatzo method with a fresh mixture of chloral hydrate-formalin-bichromate and produced histocuts on a freezing microtome. For histological examination of the cerebral cortex of cats, changes in the non-inflammatory character were observed, which were characterized by disorders of hemomycrocycle circulation, edema and degenerative processes of the neuroglial complex and neurons. Violations of the structural organization of endothelial cells, basal membranes of capillaries and venules should be considered as an important indicator of functional changes in tone, permeability of the microcirculatory channel, which contributed to the development of perivascular and pericellular edema, which in its turn led to regressive changes of glial elements; acute swelling of neurons with the formation of microcavities in nuclei; a sharp decrease in the content of the chromatophilic substance in pyramidal and stellate cells; the development of gidropic dystrophy in star cells and creatures; rise of shadow cells. Circulatory disorders caused the violation of the trophic transport systems, which caused hypoxia, accumulation of acidic metabolism products, and formed the basis for the pathogenesis of the development of dyscirculatory dystrophy of neuroglial cells and neurons, i.e. neurotrophic disorders of the cerebral cortex of cats for FIR.

Background. Acute disorders of cerebral blood circulation are one of the most important medical and social problems, due to their high share in the structure of morbidity and mortality of the population, significant indicators of temporary loss of working capacity and primary disability. At the same time, the World Health Organization estimates that by 2021, 615 million people (about 10% of the world's population) will have symptoms of depressive or anxiety disorders. Therefore, the study of the pathogenetic links of comorbidity of anxiety-depressive disorders against the background of ischemic stroke is relevant.&#x0D; Aim: to study changes in antioxidant protection and lipid peroxidation under conditions of experimental ischemic stroke comorbid with anxiety-depressive disorders.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted on 30 non-linear laboratory rats, which were divided into 3 groups: 1 group – intact control, 2 group – animals of the group with simulated ischemic stroke; Group 3 – rats with simulated ischemic stroke and anxiety-depressive disorders. Reproduction of ischemic stroke in rats was carried out using the model of endovascular occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (focal ischemia) according to E. Z. Longa. A model of reserpine-induced depression in rats was chosen for an in-depth study of the pathophysiological links of anxiety-depressive disorders.&#x0D; To assess the state of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant defense system, the level of malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione in brain tissue homogenate and circulating blood was studied.&#x0D; Results. A sharp depletion of the body's protective reactions was established in rats with both ischemic stroke and under conditions of comorbid pathology, which was confirmed by a probable decrease in the level of catalase, superoxide dismutase and an increased level of malondialdehyde. In particular, the level of catalase and superoxide dismutase decreased in the brain tissue homogenate of rats with comorbid pathology; the level of malondialdehyde increased. At the circulating level, there was a 40-fold increase in the level of catalase (p&lt;0.05) compared to intact animals, which indicated a compensatory reaction of the body to the activation of free-radical oxidation, since this enzyme neutralizes hydrogen peroxide.&#x0D; Conclusions. The obtained data indicate a more severe course of ischemic stroke against the background of anxiety-depressive disorders and the involvement of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the development mechanism, as well as a violation of the balance between the processes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection.

The aim: To investigate the pathological changes in intra- and extra cranial blood vessels in workers of locomotive crews depending on their length of service. Materials and methods: The study involved 249 male patients, aged from 21 to 60 years who worked as locomotive drivers. We used Doppler examination and studied Doppler Indexes of cerebral vessels. Results: Results of examination showed that with increasing length of work of workers of locomotive crews (together with increasing of their age) we have established: 1) Reduction the elasticity of blood vessels (77.6% of the patients); 2) Increased violation of venous circulation (86.4%); 3) Reduced blood flow in the basilar artery (64%); 4) Reduced blood flow in the right and left vertebral arteries (65.6% and 65.5% respectively); 5) Increase in the thickness of intimate / media complex more than 1.1 in 62 % of drivers. All of that also connected with length of their work. Conclusions: we founded that speed of blood flow and elasticity in intra- and extra cranial vessels reduced with increase the length of service of workers of locomotive crews. Also we received such results: increasing violation of venous circulation, reducing blood flow in the basilar artery and reducing of blood flow in right and left vertebral arteries, increase intima / media thicknesses greater than 1,1 in locomotive drivers.

Aim of this study was to investigate the condition of the fetus and feto placental system in chronic pyelonephritis by identifying features in the feto- placental blood flow and middle cerebral artery system. Patients and methods. We examined 68 pregnant women with chronic pyelonephritis and 50 healthy pregnant women as a control group . The study conducted a qualitative assessment of fetus and placental blood flow and blood flow in the middle cerebral artery of the fetus . The data on the condition of feto- placental blood flow and blood flow in the middle cerebral artery in the examined pregnant and control group show a higher incidence of elevated systolic and diastolic performance ratio in the umbilical artery in patients with chronic pyelonephritis than somatically healthy women. Results. Studies have shown that the most accurate and informative indicator of violations feto- placental circulation is an increase in the umbilical artery whose value ( 2.9 and above) reflects the high degree of suffering of the fetus on a background of chronic pyelonephritis. Conclusions. Diagnostically significant is the indicator of the middle cerebral artery blood flow, which reflects the mechanism of enhancement of cerebral circulation in chronic hypoxia due to violation of feto- placental circulation in patients with renal disease.Key words: placentary insufficiency, nephritic pathology, pregnancy.

The group of surveyed persons was made by 95 patients with hemoblastoses, of them 40 - with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and 55 - with non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (NHML) before and after a polychemotherapy at different stages of a disease. We investigated blood velocity with autoregulation assessment in the region of a medial cerebral artery by method of transcranial doppler sonography. In addition we did functional tests with calculation of indexes of reactivity. We established decrease in indicators of reactivity at functional tests that reflects restriction of a functional reserve of brain blood circulation at lymphomas. The range of vessels reaction was progressively narrowed that was confirmed by reduction of an index of vasomotorial reactivity by 34,6% to III-IV stages of a HL and by 47,3% at I-II and 74,6% at III-IV stages of a NHML. Degree of decrease in reactivity and violation of autoregulation of brain blood circulation progressed in process of transition of a disease to heavier stage against the happening remodeling of vascular wall. The degree of a reactivity decrease was higher at a NHML than at HL. There was an expansion of homeostatic range of reactions against the background of rising of compensatory opportunities of vessels because of decrease of cellular infiltration after a combined chemotherapy. Indexes of a cerebrovascular reactivity after the combined chemotherapy had higher sizes in comparison with similar indicators before treatment but they did not reach control. The difference between sizes of an index of a vaso-motorial reactivity arising before and after a polychemotherapy was most indicative. It was 7%-18,1% in HL and 17%-56,2% in NHML depending on disease duration. Full normalization of an autoregulation of a cerebral circulation did not happen after treatment that assumed a need of additional measures of the rehabilitation referred on decrease of toxicity of drugs and endogenic intoxication at lymphoproliferation diseases.

The incidence of arterial hypertension (AH) in women increases significantly with the onset of menopause. Age-related hypoestrogenism leads both to an increase in blood pressure (BP) and to a violation of its daily profile. It can lead to impaired cerebral blood flow. Objective: to study the features of cerebral disorders in women in the perimenopausal period with and without hyper-tension using rheoencephalography, as well as their relationship with some indicators of the daily blood pressure profile. Materials and methods. A clinical and instrumental examination of 190 women in the climacteric period (141 people with hypertension and 49 without hypertension) was carried out, who were divided into groups depending on the presence of hypertension and the period of perimenopause. Instrumental research included 24-hour blood pressure monitoring and rheoencephalography. Results. The onset of menopause was accompanied by an increase in the degree of arterial hypertension, with an in-crease mainly in systolic blood pressure. Changes in its daily profile was also noted, especially insufficient or excessive de-crease at night, as well as an increased speed and magnitude of the morning rise both in women with hypertension and without it. The revealed disorders were more pronounced in postmenopausal women and were accompanied by changes in cerebral circulation, which can lead to ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebral complications. Conclusion. Comparison of indicators of rheoencephalography and daily monitoring of blood pressure in menopausal women revealed changes in cerebral circulation, most pronounced in the presence of arterial hypertension and after meno-pause.

Objective: to systematize the present-day conceptions of the effect of hemodynamic factors at level of the whole organism and cerebral blood flow on the onset and development of primary open-angle glaucoma. Key points: 1. General disorders of vascular blood flow cause local changes in eye hemodynamics with the subsequent development of degenerative processes in eye tissues, including the drainage unit and optic nerve. 2. The common risk factors contributing to the development of glaucoma, include violation of systemic blood flow, i.e. arterial hypotension, hypertension, vasospasm, hemodynamic crises, hemorheology disturbances, etc. 3. The structural parts of the eye are sensitive to the parameters of cerebral blood flow. The risk factors for glaucoma development are the lack of cerebral circulation (both arterial and venous circulatory distress), stenotic and atherosclerotic lesions of carotid, ophthalmic, ciliary arteries). 4. The POAG patients reveal the arterial vascular disorders specific to carotid and vertebral abnormalities. Conclusion. Not only local factors, but also the violations of general and cerebral hemodynamics influence the development of glaucoma.

Arterial hypertension (HTN) is associated with significant changes in the structure of cerebral vessels. There is a close relationship between the functional activity of neurons and the intensity of their blood supply. Vascular dementia is a heterogeneous group of diseases resulting from the pathology of neurons, glia and vessels. Cognitive disorders are the most typical manifestations of brain pathology in vascular dementia and include memory impairment, decreased learning ability, lack of personal opinion, violation of emotional control and social behavior. The article overviews the data on the organization of cerebral circulation and the mechanisms of its changes in HTN. The article analyzes the causes leading to brain hypoperfusion in elevated blood pressure. The authors discuss the mechanisms resulting in cognitive disorders in hypertensive subjects. We also address the question arising in relation of HTN and cognitive impairments: “To which extent blood pressure should be lowered in hypertensive patients with cognitive decline?”.

The active combat actions in our country resulted in the increasing the risk of occurrence of the acoustics trauma, acubarotrauma. There is an increase of number of cases of combat acoustic trauma in servicemen and now this problem acquires a large value. The objective estimation of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with acoustics trauma, got in battle conditions, is a necessary condition for the effective complex treatment of sensorineural violations of hearing in such patients. Aim: the examination of quantitative and qualitative indexes of rheoencephalography before and after the treatment of the sensorineural hearing loss (SNL) that is accompanied by violations in the central departments of auditory analyzer, in servicemen that got acoustic trauma in the real combat terms. Materials and methods: The 52 servicemen with acoustic trauma and 15 healthy persons were inspected. There were analyzed 67 rheoencephalograms. Examinations were conducted by means of computer rheography firm "DX systems". Results and their discussions: During the quality estimation of rheograms of the inspected patient’s violation of circulation of blood of cerebrum was educed both in the carotid (FM) and in vertebral-basilar (OM) systems. Before the beginning of treatment, the normal indexes of the state of cerebral circulation of blood by data of REG did not register in any patient with acoustic trauma. The difficulty of venous outflow took place in 69,0% cases in the carotid system and in 87,0% in vertebral-basilar system. Among the investigated patients we also registered the decline of tone of cerebral vessels (15,0%) and cases of atony curve (23,0%). Only in 14,0% examined fighters we found the increase of tone of cerebral vessels with the phenomena of angiospasm. There was the considerable part of patients with unsteady vascular tone with inclination to the increase (41,0%) or decline (18,0%) in both systems of cerebral circulation of blood. In relation to the pulse blood filling, in patients with acoustic trauma there was more than half (51,0%) cases with its decline in the carotid system and (77,0%) in a vertebral-basilar pool. In the vertebral-basilar system in patients with acoustic trauma there was also marked asymmetry of REG-curves (13,0%). After the treatment the improvement of quality indexes of REG took place. In the carotid system the percent of registration of unsteady vascular tone went down with inclination to the decline and cases of atony curve. The patients with acoustic trauma after treatment had less of cases (33,0%) of declines of the pulse blood filling in the carotid system. The percent of asymmetry of REG-curves diminished also (3,0%) in both systems of cerebral circulation of blood. In the inspected patients the changes of tone of cerebral vessels and difficulty of venous outflow, and also the declines of the pulse blood filling, took place both in carotid and in vertebral-basilar systems. This got the reflection in the quantitative indexes of REG: the changes of indexes α, dicrotic (DCi), diastolic (DSi) and rheographic (Rі) indexes of REG-curve in both systems of cerebral blood supply. Conclusions: The treatments of servicemen, that got acoustic trauma in the zone of battle actions must be as possible quicker and complex taking into account the data of audiometry and instrumental inspections, the cerebral circulation of blood. Patients with acoustic trauma have unsteady or decreased tone of cerebral vessels, atony curve, fall-off of the pulse blood filling, difficulty of venous outflow. The most informing quantitative indexes of REG are DCi, DSi and Rі, that represent the presence of such changes of cerebral hemodynamics. Conducted studies showed considerable violations of cerebral circulation of blood both in carotid and, especially, in the vertebral-basilar system in patients with acoustic trauma, got in the real battle terms. The servicemen with battle acoustic trauma should be treated straightaway with the presence of initial sensorineural violations, it is necessary in time to begin a complex treatment taking into account the state of the auditory system and extra aural changes, first of all the cerebral circulation of blood. It will allow to warn the progression of auditory violations and forming the heavy sensorineural hearing loss. The results of the objective state of cerebral circulation of blood for fighters with acoustic trauma can be useful in expertise questions.