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1

Badier, J., Ph Busson, C. Charlot, et al. "Shashlik calorimeter Beam-test results." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 348, no. 1 (1994): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(94)90844-3.

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2

Shi, Zhaozhong, Craig Woody, Ian Delk, and John Lajoie. "Development of Future Electromagnetic Calorimeter Technologies and Applications for the Electron-Ion Collider with GEANT4 Simulations." EPJ Web of Conferences 276 (2023): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202327605001.

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The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is a future collider planned to be built at BNL in about a decade. It will provide physicists with high luminosity and highly polarized beams with a wide range of nuclei species at different energies, covering an extensive kinematic range. The EIC physics goals include measuring the Generalized Parton Distribution (GPD) from Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) and Deeply Virtual Meson Production (DVMP) experiments, performing precision 3D imaging of the nuclei structure, studying color confinement and hadronization mechanisms, and understanding the spin str
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3

Acerbi, F., A. Branca, C. Brizzolari, et al. "Polysiloxane-based scintillators for shashlik calorimeters." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 956 (March 2020): 163379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.163379.

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4

Prokudin, M., and I. Korolko. "Fine shashlik simulation from tests results." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 160 (April 1, 2009): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/160/1/012083.

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5

Li, Linmao, Yulei Li, Xinchi Ran, Zhi Deng, Dong Han, and Yi Wang. "The study of a new longitudinal segmented shashlik electromagnetic calorimeter." Journal of Instrumentation 20, no. 06 (2025): P06033. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/20/06/p06033.

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Abstract Shashlik electromagnetic calorimeters have been used in many physics experiments. This paper proposes a new type of longitudinal segmented shashlik calorimeter which could obtain the longitudinal distribution information of energy deposition without creating dead zones. The simulation results reveal promising potential for particle identification applications. Additionally, the time resolution could be improved since each incident particle will be measured multiple times to get the average result. This paper details the time resolution performance of a prototype using a cosmic ray tes
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6

Mei, Zhi-Yuan, Jun Guo, Yi Wu, Jing Feng, and Zhen-Hua Ge. "Shashlik-like Te–Bi2Te3 hetero-nanostructures: one-pot synthesis, growth mechanism and their thermoelectric properties." CrystEngComm 21, no. 24 (2019): 3694–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ce00441f.

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7

Alvsvaag, S. J., A. Kovning, O. A. Maeland, et al. "Performance of a shashlik calorimeter at LEPII." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 78, no. 1-3 (1999): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5632(99)00548-4.

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8

Benvenuti, A. C., I. Britvich, T. Camporesi, et al. "An electromagnetic shashlik calorimeter with longitudinal segmentation." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 432, no. 2-3 (1999): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(99)00487-8.

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9

Berra, A., S. Cecchini, F. Cindolo, et al. "Longitudinally segmented shashlik calorimeters with SiPM readout." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 845 (February 2017): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.04.025.

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10

Benvenuti, A. C., I. Britvich, T. Camporesi, et al. "Shashlik calorimeter prototypes for a linear collider." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 47, no. 6 (2000): 1758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2000.914442.

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11

Dobrzynski, L. "Shashlik calorimeter response to high energy electrons." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 344, no. 1 (1994): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(94)90650-5.

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12

Shen, C., Y. Wang, D. Xiao, et al. "Development of shashlik electromagnetic calorimeter prototype for SoLID." Journal of Instrumentation 12, no. 03 (2017): C03026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/12/03/c03026.

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13

Berra, A., C. Brizzolari, S. Cecchini, et al. "Shashlik Calorimeters With Embedded SiPMs for Longitudinal Segmentation." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 64, no. 4 (2017): 1056–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2017.2672500.

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14

Aref’ev, A. V., I. M. Belyaev, B. M. Bobchenko, et al. "A study of light collection in “Shashlik” calorimeters." Instruments and Experimental Techniques 51, no. 4 (2008): 511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020441208040040.

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15

Ballerini, G., A. Berra, R. Boanta, et al. "Shashlik calorimeters for the ENUBET tagged neutrino beam." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1162 (January 2019): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1162/1/012032.

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16

Bonesini, M., S. Gumenyuk, M. Paganoni, L. Petrovykh, and F. Terranova. "Application of artificial neural nets to Shashlik calorimetry." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 389, no. 1-2 (1997): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(97)00067-3.

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17

Badier, J., Ph Bloch, S. Bityukov, et al. "Multi-bundle shashlik calorimeter prototypes beam-test results." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 354, no. 2-3 (1995): 328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(94)01026-9.

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18

Shen, C., D. Xiao, Y. Wang, et al. "Development of shashlik electromagnetic calorimeter for the NICA/MPD." Journal of Instrumentation 14, no. 06 (2019): T06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/06/t06005.

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19

Li, L., C. Shen, and Y. Wang. "Photon transmission in shashlik electromagnetic calorimeter for NICA-MPD." Journal of Instrumentation 15, no. 11 (2020): P11012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/15/11/p11012.

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20

Ask, S., A. C. Benvenuti, I. Britvich, et al. "Testbeam results for a Shashlik calorimeter with longitudinal segmentation." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 48, no. 4 (2001): 1127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.958736.

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21

Pari, M., G. Ballerini, A. Berra, et al. "Shashlik calorimeters: Novel compact prototypes for the ENUBET experiment." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 936 (August 2019): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.11.041.

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22

Benvenuti, A. C., I. Britvich, T. Camporesi, et al. "Testbeam results for a shashlik calorimeter with longitudinal segmentation." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 78, no. 1-3 (1999): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5632(99)00549-6.

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23

Picatoste, E. "Scintillating sampling ECAL technology for the LHCb ECAL Upgrade II." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 04 (2024): C04016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/c04016.

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Abstract The aim of the LHCb Upgrade II is to be able to operate at a luminosity of 1.5×1034 cm-2 s-1 to collect a data set of 300 fb-1. The required substantial modifications of the current LHCb electromagnetic calorimeter due to high radiation doses in the central region and increased particle densities are referred to as LHCb ECAL Upgrade II. A consolidation of the ECAL already during the long shutdown 3 will reduce the occupancy and mitigate the effects of substantial ageing in the central region after Run 3. Several scintillating sampling ECAL technologies are being investigated in an ong
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24

Alvsvaag, S. J., O. A. Maeland, A. Klovning, et al. "A silicon pad shower maximum detector for a "Shashlik" calorimeter." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 42, no. 4 (1995): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.467927.

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25

Benvenuti, A. C., I. Britvich, T. Camporesi, et al. "A shashlik calorimeter with longitudinal segmentation for a linear collider." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 461, no. 1-3 (2001): 373–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(00)01247-x.

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26

Berra, A., C. Brizzolari, S. Cecchini, et al. "A compact light readout system for longitudinally segmented shashlik calorimeters." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 830 (September 2016): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.05.123.

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27

Sun, Li, Feng Zhang, Wei Yong, et al. "Potential sources of carcinogenic heterocyclic amines in Chinese mutton shashlik." Food Chemistry 123, no. 3 (2010): 647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.019.

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28

Alvsvaag, S. J., O. A. Maeland, A. Klovning, et al. "A silicon pad shower maximum detector for a shashlik calorimeter." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 44, no. 1-3 (1995): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5632(95)80012-3.

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29

Shorkin, R. A. "Beam Composition Analysis Using a Single SHASHLIK-Type Calorimeter Module." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 86, no. 6 (2023): 1421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063778823060236.

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30

Barsuk, Sergey, Oleg Bezshyyko, Ianina Boyarintseva, et al. "First characterization of a novel grain calorimeter: the GRAiNITA prototype." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 04 (2024): P04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/04/p04008.

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Abstract A novel type of calorimeter based on grains of inorganic scintillating crystal readout by wave length shifting fibers is proposed. The concept and main features as well as the prototype design are introduced and the first results obtained using cosmic rays are presented. The number of photo-electrons generated by cosmic rays muons in the prototype detector is estimated to be of the order of 10000 photo-electrons per GeV, validating the concept of this next-generation shashlik calorimeter.
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31

Abduraimova, Mukhlisa Abdusalim qizi. "Uzbek national foods." Multidisciplinary Journal of Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (2025): 497–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14779798.

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Uzbek national foods reflect the country's rich culture and traditions, offering diverse and flavorful dishes. The centerpiece is plov (osh), a rice dish with meat, carrots, and spices, symbolizing hospitality. Other iconic dishes include lagman (noodles with meat and vegetables), manti (steamed dumplings), and shashlik (grilled skewers). Tandir non (traditional bread) is a staple, while soups like shurpa and sweets such as navat and halva add variety. Uzbek cuisine emphasizes fresh ingredients and hospitality, making it a key part of the nation's identity.
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32

Pereima, D. Yu, Yu P. Guz, D. Yu Golubkov, et al. "Study of characteristics of the “shashlik” type cellular electromagnetic calorimeter prototype." Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute 43, no. 10 (2016): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s106833561610002x.

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33

Ballerini, G., A. Berra, R. Boanta, et al. "Testbeam performance of a shashlik calorimeter with fine-grained longitudinal segmentation." Journal of Instrumentation 13, no. 01 (2018): P01028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/13/01/p01028.

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34

Wang, Xi-Yang, Shuai-Chun Wang, Wan-Bing He, and Yu-Gang Ma. "Cosmic ray test of shashlik electromagnetic calorimeter modules for NICA-MPD." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 1069 (December 2024): 169857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2024.169857.

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35

Zhu, Ren-Yuan. "A Very Compact Crystal Shashlik Electromagnetic Calorimeter for Future HEP Experiments." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 928 (November 2017): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/928/1/012015.

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36

Ha, Byeongwon. "Nam June Paik’s Unpublished Korean Article and His Interactive Musique Concrète Projects." Leonardo Music Journal 29 (December 2019): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/lmj_a_01071.

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Nam June Paik was a pioneering creator of interactive sound art before he became a cult figure in the field of video art. While Paik gradually developed interactive sound art in West Germany, he wrote several articles about contemporary music in Europe. Specifically, a musique concrète article for Korean readers is significant as a seed of his interactive projects. This study examines the content of the music article and articulates the relationship between musique concrète and Paik’s interactive sound projects: Record Shashlik (1963) and Random Access (1963).
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37

Hu, C., L. Zhang, and R.-Y. Zhu. "Fast and Radiation Hard Inorganic Scintillators for Future HEP Experiments." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2374, no. 1 (2022): 012110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2374/1/012110.

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Future HEP experiments at the energy and intensity frontiers require fast and ultrafast inorganic scintillators with excellent radiation hardness to face the challenges of unprecedented event rate and severe radiation environment. We report recent progress in fast and ultrafast inorganic scintillators for future HEP experiments. Examples are LYSO crystals and LuAG ceramics for an ultra-compact shashlik sampling calorimeter for the HL-LHC and the proposed FCC-hh, and yttrium doped BaF2 crystals for the proposed Mu2e-II experiment. Applications for GHz hard X-ray imaging will also be discussed.
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38

Berra, A., D. Bolognini, V. Bonvicini, et al. "Silicon Photomultipliers as a Readout System for a Scintillator-Lead Shashlik Calorimeter." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 58, no. 3 (2011): 1297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2011.2117440.

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39

Aspell, P., S. Bates, Ph Bloch, et al. "Beam test results of a Shashlik calorimeter in a high magnetic field." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 376, no. 3 (1996): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(96)00416-0.

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40

Peng, X., J. Zhu, L. He, et al. "Simulation study on optical transmission performance and time resolution of Shashlik tower." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 02 (2023): P02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/02/p02018.

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Abstract The Shashlik tower is a significant component to measure the energy, time, and position of photons and electrons in the Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECal), a vital detector of the Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) in the Nuclotron-based lon Collider fAcility (NICA), Dubna, Russia. Based on the GEANT4 simulation toolkit, a variation of physical behavior in the tower was simulated, including the changes of photons during transmission, and used the rising edge detection method to measure the time-resolving ability of the module for natural muons and electron beams. Results show that 3 GeV ele
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41

Li, Y., C. Shen, Z. Zhang, et al. "Production and quality control of NICA-MPD shashlik electromagnetic calorimeter in Tsinghua University." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 04 (2022): T04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/04/t04005.

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Abstract The Multi Purpose Detector (MPD) is one of the detectors at the NICA collider and the Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECal) is an important part of MPD. The cylindrical ECal system consists of 2400 ECal modules. In the first stage (2020–2024), Tsinghua University (THU) will produce 460 ECal modules for MPD project. This article mainly introduces the production, quality control and cosmic ray test of ECal modules in THU. The process flow, quality control standards, and testing system of ECal production have been established, which guarantees the high-quality completion of mass production
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42

Aspell, P., S. Bates, Ph Bloch, et al. "Energy and spatial resolution of a Shashlik calorimeter and a silicon preshower detector." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 376, no. 1 (1996): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(96)00270-7.

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43

Berra, A., D. Bolognini, V. Bonvicini, et al. "A shashlik calorimeter readout with silicon photomultipliers with no amplification of the output signal." Journal of Instrumentation 6, no. 10 (2011): P10004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/6/10/p10004.

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44

Berra, A., V. Bonvicini, L. Bosisio, et al. "Characterization of a DAQ system for the readout of a SiPM based shashlik calorimeter." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 735 (January 2014): 422–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.09.046.

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45

Du, Wenbin, Dawei Zhen, Yutong Wang, Jie Cheng, and Jianchun Xie. "Characterization of the key odorants in grilled mutton shashlik with or without suet brushing during grilling." Flavour and Fragrance Journal 36, no. 1 (2020): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3621.

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46

Kokoulina, Elena, Nurlan Barlykov, Vladimir Dudin, et al. "Study of soft photon yield in pp and AA interactions at JINR." EPJ Web of Conferences 235 (2020): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023503003.

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Over 30 years there has been no comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of soft photons (energy smaller than 50 MeV) formation. Experimental data indicate an excess of their yield in hadron and nuclear interactions in comparison with calculations performed in QED. For a more thorough study of this phenomenon at the Nuclotron (a superconducting accelerator in JINR), preliminary measurements have been carried out with using an electromagnetic calorimeter based on BGO crystals. These results are consistent with the world data. In JINR, in connection with the building of a future accelerator
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47

Wang, Hengyu, Xiaojie Luo, Junguang Lv, Xilei Sun, and Manqi Ruan. "Design and cosmic ray measurement of liquid scintillator tungsten slice ECAL for future collider." Journal of Instrumentation 20, no. 04 (2025): P04026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/20/04/p04026.

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Abstract This study proposes a novel liquid scintillator-tungsten slice liquid medium electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL). The design is based on the Shashlik structure, employing an ultra-thin liquid scintillator and tungsten slice alternate stacking strategy, aiming to achieve an excellent energy performance within limited space constraints for the future collider. Through Geant4 simulations, we have verified that the design has an energy resolution better than 5%@1GeV with a photoelectron yield of 100 p.e./mip, significantly superior to existing sampling calorimeter schemes. We fabricate a s
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48

Soldani, M., A. Antonelli, E. Auffray, et al. "Innovative nanocrystal-based scintillators for next-generation sampling calorimeters." EPJ Web of Conferences 320 (2025): 00020. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202532000020.

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The design of next-generation calorimeters for accelerator-borne experiments at the intensity frontier poses unprecedented challenges with regard to timing performance and radiation resistance, while rivaling the current state of the art in terms of energy resolution. A significant role may be played by quantum dots, i.e., light-emitting semiconductor nanocrystals with high quantum yield and rather easy to manufacture. Quantum dots can be cast into an optically transparent polymer matrix to obtain nanocomposite scintillators, which are functionally similar to conventional plastic scintillators
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49

Poulain, Agnieszka, Emmanuel Wenger, Pierrick Durand, et al. "Anharmonicity and isomorphic phase transition: a multi-temperature X-ray single-crystal and powder diffraction study of 1-(2′-aminophenyl)-2-methyl-4-nitroimidazole." IUCrJ 1, no. 2 (2014): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252514002838.

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The harmonic model of atomic nuclear motions is usually enough for multipole modelling of high-resolution X-ray diffraction data; however, in some molecular crystals, such as 1-(2′-aminophenyl)-2-methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole [Paul, Kubicki, Jelschet al.(2011).Acta Cryst.B67, 365–378], it may not be sufficient for a correct description of the charge-density distribution. Multipole refinement using harmonic atom vibrations does not lead to the best electron density model in this case and the so-called `shashlik-like' pattern of positive and negative residual electron density peaks is observed in
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50

Peng, X., K. Zhu, X. Ji, et al. "Simulation study on photon generation and collection of tower applied to NICA-MPD electromagnetic calorimeter." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 01 (2022): T01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/t01004.

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Abstract Shashlik tower, which is composed of absorbers and scintillators alternately, surrounded by reflector and coupled with Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) by Wavelength-Shifting (WLS) fibers, is a significant component to measure the energy and position of photons and electrons in Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECal), a key detector of the Multi Purpose Detector (MPD) at the Nuclotron-based Ion Collider facility (NICA) in Russia. In this paper, the effect of materials adopted for absorber, reflector and WLS fiber, the length and curvature of fibers and the electrons incident position on phot
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