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Habib, Syed Rashid, Salwa Bajunaid, Abdulrahman Almansour, Abdulkarim AbuHaimed, Muqrin Nasser Almuqrin, Abdullah Alhadlaq, and Muhammad Sohail Zafar. "Shear Bond Strength of Veneered Zirconia Repaired Using Various Methods and Adhesive Systems: A Comparative Study." Polymers 13, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13060910.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the shear bond strength of five different repair methods and adhesive systems for zirconia (Zr) cores layered with feldspathic porcelain. Seventy-five Zr specimens (10 × 10 × 4 mm3) were prepared, sintered, layered with 2 × 10 × 10 mm3 of feldspathic porcelain, and fired. The ceramic was fractured, and the load recorded using a shear-bond test. Specimens were thermocycled and randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 15/group) based on the repair methods. Composite repair blocks with similar dimensions to the layered ceramic (2 × 10 × 10 mm3) were built according to each repair method. Shear bond strength testing of the specimens with composite built up was carried out using a universal testing machine (Instron®5960, Massachusetts, USA). The shear bond strengths of the adhesive interface between repaired composite and the Zr were recorded for all the test groups. The fractured specimens’ surfaces were examined under a scanning electron microscope (Jeol, Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo, Japan) for evaluation of the type of failure and surface characteristics. Shear bond strength of the veneered ceramic bonded to the Zr for all the test groups was non-significant (ANOVA, p = 0.062). Shear bond strength after the repair revealed significant differences (ANOVA, p = 0.002). Group-C (13.79 ± 1.32) and Group-D (9.77 ± 4.77) showed the highest and lowest shear bond strength values, respectively. Paired Sample T-tests showed significantly lower values (p = 0.000) for the repaired (composite) Zr compared to the layered (ceramic) Zr. Multiple comparisons revealed differences (significant) between the shear bond strength of Group-D with Groups A (p = 0.010) and C (p = 0.003, Post Hoc Tukey test). The repair methods tested showed variations in their respective shear bond strengths. Complete ceramic/zirconia repair systems showed better bonding between the repaired composite and Zr core. The mean shear bond strength for the repaired fractured layered Zr showed acceptable outcomes in terms of clinical perspective, but was, however, unpredictable.
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Manoharan, Subramani, Chandradip Patel, Stevan Hunter, and Patrick McCluskey. "Effects of Bond Pad Thickness on Shear Strength of Copper Wire Bonds." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2017, HiTEN (July 1, 2017): 000068–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4491.2017.hiten.68.
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Abstract Copper (Cu) wire bonding is now widely accepted as a replacement for gold (Au), however, its use in high reliability applications is limited due to early failures in high temperature and humid conditions. The Au to Cu wire transition is mainly driven by cost savings though there are other advantages to Cu such as better electrical and thermal conductivity, slower intermetallic compound (IMC) formation and reduced wire sweep during transfer molding. Some automotive, industrial and aerospace industries are still reluctant to adopt Cu wire bonded products due to perceived risks of wire and bond pad cracks, the potential for corrosion, and some lack of understanding about its reliability in harsh conditions. A wire bond is considered good if destructive sampling qualification tests and periodic monitors pass for the batch. Tests include wire pull strength, wire bond shear, IMC coverage, and thickness of bond pad aluminum (Al) remaining beneath the bond. Nondestructive inspections also verify acceptable ball diameter and Al “splash”. This paper focuses on the bond shear test and its contribution to Cu ball bond reliability assessment, especially when changing Al bond pad thickness. A new revision of the JEDEC Wire Bond Shear Test Method, JESD22-B116B, has just been released, to include Cu wirebonds for the first time. It helps to clarify shear test failure modes for Cu ball bonds. However, there are still questions to be answered through research and experimentation, especially to learn the extent to which one may predict Cu ball bond reliability based on shear test results. Pad Al thickness is not considered in the current industry standards for shear test. Yet bond pad Al thickness varies widely among semiconductor products. This research is intended to contribute toward improved industry standards. In this study, power and time bonding parameters along with bond pad thickness are studied for bond strength. Several wire bonds are created at different conditions, evaluated by optical microscope and SEM, IMC% coverage and bond shear strength. Similar bonding conditions are repeated for bond pads of 4um, 1um and 0.5um thickness.
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Park, Joo-Eon, Soo-Keun Kang, Deok-Bo Lee, and Nak-Sam Choi. "OS14-2-6 Analysis of Interfacial Shear Strength of Fiber/Epoxy Composites by Microdroplet-bond Test." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2007.6 (2007): _OS14–2–6——_OS14–2–6—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2007.6._os14-2-6-.
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Tandon, Raghav, Sanjeev Maharjan, and Suraj Gautam. "Shear and tensile bond strengths of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) masonry with different mortar mixtures and thicknesses." Journal of Engineering Issues and Solutions 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joeis.v1i1.36814.
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Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) blocks are commonly used for masonry walls. In order to understand the strength of AAC masonry, it is essential to assess the tensile and shear bond strengths of the AAC block-mortar interface for various mortar combinations. This research investigates the bond strength of AAC block mortar interface made up of a) polymer modified mortar (PMM) and b) ordinary cement sand mortar of 1:4 or 1:6 ratio with thickness of 10mm, 15mm or 20mm. A thin cement slurry coating was applied on the block surface before placing the cement sand mortar in the masonry. For all types of interface, shear bond strength of masonry was studied using a triplet test, while the tensile bond strength was determined through a cross-couplet test. Among the cement sand mortar used in this study, cement sand mortar of ratio 1:4 and thickness 15mm showed the maximum shear strength of 0.13MPa with the failure of blocks as the predominant failure while the PMM had shear bond strength of 0.12MPa with the failure of blocks as the predominant failure type. However, in case of the tensile bond strength testing, PMM showed the tensile bond strength of 0.19MPa, which was highest among all the test specimens used in this study. Considering both the tensile and shear bond strengths of the AAC masonry and based on the observed failure pattern, among all the combinations used in the experiment, either PMM or cement-sand mortar of ratio 1:4 and thickness of 15mm can be chosen for the AAC masonry.
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Hammad, Ihab A., Richard J. Goodkind, and William W. Gerberich. "A shear test for the bond strength of ceramometals." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 58, no. 4 (October 1987): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(87)90270-8.
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Placido, Eliane, Josete B. C. Meira, Raul González Lima, Antonio Muench, Roberto Martins de Souza, and Rafael Yagüe Ballester. "Shear versus micro-shear bond strength test: A finite element stress analysis." Dental Materials 23, no. 9 (September 2007): 1086–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2006.10.002.
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Irie, Masao, Yukinori Maruo, Goro Nishigawa, Kumiko Yoshihara, and Takuya Matsumoto. "Flexural Strength of Resin Core Build-Up Materials: Correlation to Root Dentin Shear Bond Strength and Pull-Out Force." Polymers 12, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): 2947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122947.
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The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of root dentin shear bond strength and pull-out force of resin core build-up materials on flexural strength immediately after setting, after one-day water storage, and after 20,000 thermocycles. Eight core build-up and three luting materials were investigated, using 10 specimens (n = 10) per subgroup. At three time periods—immediately after setting, after one-day water storage, and after 20,000 thermocycles, shear bond strengths to root dentin and pull-out forces were measured. Flexural strengths were measured using a 3-point bending test. For all core build-up and luting materials, the mean data of flexural strength, shear bond strength and pull-out force were the lowest immediately after setting. After one-day storage, almost all the materials yielded their highest results. A weak, but statistically significant, correlation was found between flexural strength and shear bond strength (r = 0.508, p = 0.0026, n = 33). As the pull-out force increased, the flexural strength of core build-up materials also increased (r = 0.398, p = 0.0218, n = 33). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted using these three independent factors of flexural strength, pull-out force and root dentin shear bond strength, which showed this relationship: Flexural strength = 3.264 × Shear bond strength + 1.533 × Pull out force + 10.870, p = 0.002). For all the 11 core build-up and luting materials investigated immediately after setting, after one-day storage and after 20,000 thermocycles, their shear bond strengths to root dentin and pull-out forces were correlated to the flexural strength in core build-up materials. It was concluded that the flexural strength results of the core build-up material be used in research and quality control for the predictor of the shear bond strength to the root dentin and the retentive force of the post.
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Anil, Sukumaran, Farouk Ahmed Hussein, Mohammed Ibrahim Hashem, and Elna P. Chalisserry. "The Impact of Chlorhexidine Mouth Rinse on the Bond Strength of Polycarbonate Orthodontic Brackets." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 6 (2014): 688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1600.
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ABSTRACT Objective The purpose of the current in-vivo study was to assess the effect of using 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) mouth rinse, before bonding, on shear bond strength of polycarbonate brackets bonded with composite adhesive. Subjects and methods Eighteen orthodontic patients with a mean age 21.41 ± 1.2 years, who were scheduled to have 2 or more first premolars extracted, were included in this study. Patients were referred for an oral prophylaxis program which included, in part, the use of a mouth rinse. Patients were divided into 2 groups, a test group of 9 patients who used 0.12% CHX gluconate mouth rinse twice daily and a control group of 9 patients who used a mouth rinse without CHX, but with same color. After 1 week, polycarbonate brackets were bonded to first premolars with Transbond XT composite adhesive. Premolars were extracted after 28 days and tested for shear bond strength on a universal testing machine. Student's t-test was used to compare shear bond strengths of both groups. Results No statistically significant difference was found in bond strengths’ values between both groups. The test group (with CHX) has mean shear bond strength of 14.21 ± 2.42 MPa whereas the control group (without CHX) revealed a mean strength of 14.52 ± 2.31 MPa. Conclusion The use of 0.12% CHX mouth rinse, for one week before bonding, did not affect the shear bond strength of polycarbonate brackets bonded with Transbond composite. Furthermore, these brackets showed clinically acceptable bond strength. How to cite this article Hussein FA, Hashem MI, Chalisserry EP, Anil S. The Impact of Chlorhexidine Mouth Rinse on the Bond Strength of Polycarbonate Orthodontic Brackets. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(6):688-692.
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Manoharan, Subramani, Chandradip Patel, Stevan Hunter, and Patrick McCluskey. "Influence of Initial Shear Strength on Time-to-Failure of Copper (Cu) Wire Bonds in Thermal Aging Condition." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2018, HiTEC (May 1, 2018): 000032–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4491-2018-hiten-000032.
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Abstract Copper (Cu) wire bond is used in a majority of microelectronic devices but has not been fully accepted by all industries due to potential reliability issues. Good quality bond is believed to provide high reliability. Shear strength and intermetallic (IMC) coverage are being used as indicators, however there is no developed model. High shear strength is a result of large IMC coverage laterally under the ball, but the reliability of the bond is also related to IMC longitudinal growth (thickness). This work involves studying effect of shear strength on reliability of a variety of experimental Cu ball bonds by performing temperature aging experiments on test devices, in QFN packages. The ball bonds are made by altering ultrasonic power and time to obtain different IMC coverage. All test packages are monitored for resistance change at specific intervals by performing four point resistance measurement. Resistance increase is analyzed with initial shear strength to determine whether “good quality” bonds always lead to high reliability.
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Sauli, Z., V. Retnasamy, W. M. W. Norhaimi, J. Adnan, and M. Palianysamy. "Wire Bond Shear Test Simulation on Hemispherical Surface Bond Pad." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.643.
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Wire bonding process is an interconnection method adopted in the semiconductor packaging manufactory. One of the method used to assess the reliability and bond strength of the bonded wires are wire bond shear test .In this study, simulation on wire bond shear test is done to evaluate the stress response of the bonded wire when sheared on a hemispherical surface bond pad. The contrast between three types of wire material:gold(Au), aluminum(Al) and copper(Cu) were carry out to examine the effects of wire material on the stress response of bonded wire during wire bond shear test. The simulation results showed that copper wire bond induces highest stress and gold wire exhibits the least stress response.
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Ugurlu, Muhittin, and Muhammed Hilmi Buyukcavus. "The Performance of Universal Adhesives on Orthodontic Bracket Bonding." European Journal of General Dentistry 10, no. 01 (January 2021): 019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1732778.
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Abstract Objective This article aimed to assess the effects of double application of universal adhesives on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Materials and Method Seventy-five extracted human premolars were used. The teeth were randomly assigned into five groups based on the adhesive procedure (n = 15). The universal adhesives Scotchbond Universal (3M Oral Care) and Prime&Bond Universal (Dentsply) were used (following manufacturer’s instructions and double application). Transbond XT Primer (3M Unitek) was employed as control. Following adhesive application, the brackets were bonded on the tooth surfaces. After storage in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C, the specimens were subjugated to the shear bond strength test under a universal testing machine (Autograph AGS-X; Shimadzu). Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference tests (p = 0.05). The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was determined using a stereomicroscope (S4E; Leica Microsystems). Data of ARI scores were submitted to Pearson’s chi-square test. Results The highest shear bond strengths were acquired with Scotchbond Universal (p < 0.05). The double application of Scotchbond Universal did not impact the shear bond strength. The lowest shear bond strength was found in Prime&Bond Universal (p < 0.05). The double application of Prime&Bond Universal increased the shear bond strength (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in ARI scores among the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion The universal adhesives may be an alternative for the bonding of orthodontic brackets. The double application of universal adhesives might improve the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets depending on the material.
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Abreu, Celina Wanderley de, Gilberto Duarte Filho, Alberto Noriyuki Kojima, Renato Morales Jóias, and Alfredo Mikail Melo Mesquita. "Evaluation of crosshead speed influence on shear bond strength test." Brazilian Dental Science 17, no. 3 (August 25, 2014): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2014.v17i3.1003.
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<p><span style="font-size: medium;">The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different speeds using the piston device in the shear bond strength. 48 cylinders of composed resin had been confectioned (Solidex),and were divided randomly in four groups (n=12).</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;">The specimens were adapted to the device for the</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;">shear bond strenth test and were taken to an universal testing machine with a load cell of 1000Kg. The test were carried through with four different speeds: group A: 0,5; group B: 1,0; group C: 1,5 and group D: 2,0mm/min. The mean and standard deviations, in Kgf, were: A - 66,31(10,24); B - 64,53 (20,40); C - 75,23 (11,84) and D - 66,62 (13,81). The data were submitted to ANOVA (p=0,13). The results indicated that it did not have statistical significant difference between the groups</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;">A, B, C and D concluding that the speed in this type of test, with this device, can be varied without modify results.</span></p>
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Sauli, Z., V. Retnasamy, S. Taniselass, A. H. M. Shapri, and R. Vairavan. "Wire Bond Shear Test Simulation on Sharp Groove Surface Bond Pad." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.647.
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Wire bonding process is first level interconnection technology used in the semiconductor packaging industry. The wire bond shear tests are used in the industry to examine the bond strength and reliability of the bonded wires. Hence, in this study thesimulation on wire bond shear test is performed on a sharp groove surface bond pad. ANSYS ver 11 was used to perform the simulation. The stress response of the bonded wires are investigated.The effects of three wire materials gold(Au), aluminum(Al) and copper(Cu) on the stress response during shear test were examined. The simulation results showed that copper wire bond induces highest stress and gold wire exhibits the least stress response.
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Piancastelli, E. M., Aldo G. Magalhães, Fernando José Silva, M. A. P. Rezende, White J. Santos, E. V. M. Carrasco, and J. N. R. Mantilla. "Bond Strength between Old and New Concretes with Focus on the Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Columns - Slant Shear Test versus Double Sleeve Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 864 (April 2017): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.864.324.
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The purpose of this paper is to present the main aspects and results of an experimental study to determine the bond strength between the concrete of a column of an existing structure (old concrete) and the concrete that will be used in its strengthening project (new concrete). For the bond strength tests, a specimen was conceived, called Double Sleeve specimen. The bond strength results obtained from the tests using Double Sleeve specimens, called Double Sleeve Tests, were compared to the results obtained from using the Slant Shear Test. The values for the bond strength between the two concretes, obtained from the Double Sleeve Tests, were either below or above the values obtained from linear regression of the Slant Shear Test results, depending on the sleeve diameter and the ratio of transverse reinforcement used. This fact, enabled concludes that the Double Sleeve Test is the most appropriate test to evaluate the bond strength between concretes of columns strengthened.
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Guimarães, Magáli Beck, Bárbara Cocco, Rodrigo Salbego Bueno, Micéli Beck Guimarães Blaya, Letícia Borges Jacques, and Luciana Mayumi Hirakata. "Orthodontic shear bond strength to porcelain surface in wet conditions." Revista Odonto Ciência 31, no. 2 (December 26, 2016): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6523.2016.2.16347.
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Objective: To evaluate the shear bond strength of orthodontic accessories bonded to a porcelain surface after storage in water.Methods: One-hundredand-twenty feldspathic porcelain discs were divided into 4 groups, according to the surface treatment: Group 1 – 37% phosphoric acid etching; Group 2 – 10% fluorhydric acid; Group 3 – 37% phosphoric acid and silane application; Group 4 – 10% fluorhydric acid and silane application. After the accessories were bonded, the sample was divided into two subgroups, according to the time interval of storage in distilled water: Control – 24 hours; and Test – 150 days. Shear bond strength was determined using a universal test machine, and failure type was verified by scanning electron microscopy.Results: In the test groups there was reduction in shear bond strength, particularly when silane was used. Test Groups 2 and 4 presented shear bond strength values within those proposed as adequate for orthodontic bonding. Groups 1 and 3 presented adhesive failures between porcelain and resin, whereas in Groups 2 and 4 cohesive failures in porcelain were recorded.Conclusion: Storage in water for 150 days decreased the bond strength at silanized interfaces. Fluorhydric acid etching generates adequate bond strength in wet conditions, however, increases the fracture rate in porcelain.
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De-Paula, Diego Martins, Alessandro D. Loguercio, Alessandra Reis, Natasha Marques Frota, Radamés Melo, Kumiko Yoshihara, and Victor Pinheiro Feitosa. "Micro-Raman Vibrational Identification of 10-MDP Bond to Zirconia and Shear Bond Strength Analysis." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8756396.
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So far, there is no report regarding the micro-Raman vibrational fingerprint of the bonds between 10-methacryloyloxy-decyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) and zirconia ceramics. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the Raman vibrational peaks related to the bonds of 10-MDP with zirconia, as well as the influence on microshear bond strength. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was employed to assess the vibrational peak of 10-MDP binding to zirconia. Microshear bond strength of the dual-cure resin cement to zirconia with the presence of 10-MDP in composition of experimental ceramic primer and self-adhesive resin cement was also surveyed. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p<0.05). Peaks at 1545 cm−1 and 1562 cm−1 were found to refer to zirconia binding with 10-MDP. The presence of 10-MDP in both experimental ceramic primer and self-adhesive resin cement improved microshear bond strength to zirconia ceramic. It can be concluded that the nondestructive method of micro-Raman spectroscopy was able to characterize chemical bonds of 10-MDP with zirconia, which improves the bond strengths of resin cement.
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Lei, Jin. "The Research on the Interface Performance of Deck of Cement Concrete Bridge and Asphalt Pavement." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.237.
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The deck of cement concrete bridge and the interface of asphalt pavement, and these two combined items have a direct effect on the useful life of asphalt pavement. According to the indoor shear test and pullout test, we could learn that the interlayer shear strength and the bond strength are strongly affected by temperature, and it is decreased with increasing test temperature. The pullout test analyses the variation regularity of bond strength between four adhesive layers and bridge panel at different temperatures, which proves that the bond strength is also decreased with increasing test temperature. The research suggests that the shear test and pullout test is worthy of evaluating the interface performance between deck and asphalt pavement under the high stability and low temperature conditions.
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Sun, Nannan, Yifan Song, Wei Hou, Hanhao Zhang, Datong Wu, Yuan Li, and Yuan Gong. "Interfacial Bond Properties between Normal Strength Concrete and Epoxy Resin Concrete." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (September 24, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5561097.
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It is necessary to pay attention to the bonding strength of the interface between precast normal strength concrete (NSC) and cast-in-place epoxy resin concrete (EMR) when using EMR as a repair or filling material or an overlay in bridges’ rehabilitation. However, the performances of epoxy concrete are different due to differential mix ratios; thus, the bonding properties between various epoxy resin concrete and cement concrete are not completely the same. This article investigated the interfacial bond properties between NSC and ERC by direct tensile, push-out, and slant shear test with specimens of special size and structure and observed the interfacial bond strength and corresponding failure modes. The minimum bond strength under direct tension was 0.72 MPa, while the minimum bond strength was 1.71 MPa and 3.19 MPa for the push-out test and slant shear test, respectively. Results indicated that the slant shear test specimens with an inclination angle of 45° are not suitable for the slant shear test due to higher compressive stress. Furthermore, the cohesion and friction coefficient of interface bond strength were calculated inversely in accordance with the results obtained from the corresponding direct tensile and slant shear tests. The minimum cohesion value was 1.71 MPa, and the minimum friction coefficient value was 0.46.
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Foster, Jeff A., David W. Berzins, and Thomas G. Bradley. "Bond Strength of an Amorphous Calcium Phosphate–Containing Orthodontic Adhesive." Angle Orthodontist 78, no. 2 (March 1, 2008): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/020807-60.
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Abstract Objective: To determine whether an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-containing adhesive has an acceptable level of shear bond strength to be used as an orthodontic adhesive. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted premolars were randomly divided into three groups for orthodontic bonding. Group 1 used a composite resin adhesive (Transbond XT), group 2 was bonded with an ACP-containing adhesive (Aegis Ortho), and group 3 used a resin-modified glass ionomer (Fuji Ortho LC). All bonded teeth were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 40 ± 2 hours prior to debonding. Shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were recorded for each specimen. Results: The mean shear bond strengths for the three test groups were: group 1 (15.2 ± 3.6 MPa), group 2 (6.6 ± 1.5 MPa), and group 3 (8.3 ± 2.8 MPa). A one-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference in bond strengths between the groups. A post hoc Tukey test showed group 1 to be significantly (P < .001) greater than groups 2 and 3. A Kruskal-Wallis test and a Mann-Whitney U-test showed groups 1 and 3 exhibited lower ARI scores than group 2, but a majority of specimens in each group had greater than 50% of the cement removed along with the bracket during debonding. Conclusions: The ACP-containing adhesive demonstrated a low, but satisfactory bond strength needed to function as an orthodontic adhesive.
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Shaik, Muzin Shahi, Snigdha Pattanaik, Sudhakar Pathuri, and Arunachalam Sivakumar. "Shear Bond Strength of Different Adhesive Materials used for Bonding Orthodontic Brackets : A Comparative in vitro Study." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 5, no. 1 (February 7, 2015): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v5i1.14495.
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Introduction: Bond strength is an important property and determines the amount of force delivered and treatment duration in orthodontics. Many light-cured bonding materials are being used; but it is required to determine the most efficient one withdesired bond strength.
Objective: To determine and compare the shear bond strength of three visible light-cured composites (Transbond XT, Heliositand Enlight) and two self-cured composites (Rely-a-bond and Concise).
Materials & Method: 100 extracted premolars were collected and randomly divided into 5 test groups of different adhesives. Brackets were bonded to the teeth in each test group with the respective adhesive according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Each specimen was debonded using Universal Testing Machine and the shear bond strength for each specimen was calculated. All the groups were compared by ANOVA one-way test.
Results: There were statistically significant differences among the five groups (P<0.05). The shear bond strength of Enlight (13.92 ± 3.92) is similar to Transbond XT (14.30 ± 4.35).
Conclusion: Light cure composites showed higher bond strength than self cure composites.
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Nagura, Y., A. Tsujimoto, NG Fischer, AG Baruth, WW Barkmeier, T. Takamizawa, MA Latta, and M. Miyazaki. "Effect of Reduced Universal Adhesive Application Time on Enamel Bond Fatigue and Surface Morphology." Operative Dentistry 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-261-l.
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SUMMARY Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of reduced application times of universal adhesives on enamel bond fatigue and surface morphology of the treated enamel with constant force atomic force microscopy (AFM). Methods: Four universal adhesives—Adhese Universal (AU), Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CU), G-Premio Bond (GP), and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SU)—were evaluated in a laboratory for their ability to adhesively bond resin composite to enamel. Shear bond strengths were initially determined using 15 specimens per test group for each adhesive. Shear fatigue strengths were then determined using 20 specimens per test group for each the adhesives. The fatigue specimens were loaded using a sine wave at a frequency of 20 Hz for 50,000 cycles or until failure occurred. AFM observations, surface Ra roughness measurements, and geometric surface area evaluations of enamel surface treated with the adhesive agents were also conducted. Results: A strong relationship was found between the initial shear bond strength and shear fatigue strength for enamel surface Ra roughness but not for geometric surface area. The initial shear bond strength and shear fatigue strength of CU and GP were not influenced by different application times, unlike those of AU and SU. While the surface area of enamel treated with the adhesive agents was not significantly influenced by different application times and type of adhesive, surface Ra roughness of the enamel in the AU and SU groups significantly increased with increasing application time, unlike CU and GP. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that universal adhesives, used with reduced application times, have adequate Ra surface roughness to provide sufficient resistance to enamel bond fatigue at application times from <1 second to 20 seconds, while the geometric surface area of adhesive-treated enamel did not show any significant changes at these different application times.
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Borsatto, Maria Cristina, Alma Blásida Elisaur Benitez Catirse, Regina Guenka Palma Dibb, Telma Nunes do Nascimento, Renata Andréa Salvitti de Sá Rocha, and Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona. "Shear bond strength of enamel surface treated with air-abrasive system." Brazilian Dental Journal 13, no. 3 (2002): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402002000300006.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of a composite resin to dental enamel, using three different surface treatments. Fifteen sound third molars were randomly assigned to three groups. The mesial and distal surfaces were flattened and covered using adhesive tape with a central orifice delimiting the adhesion area (7.07 mm²). Group I, the enamel surface was conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 s; group II, the surface was treated using air abrasion with aluminum oxide; group III, the enamel surface was treated using an association of air abrasion with aluminum oxide and 37% phosphoric acid. The Single Bond (3M) adhesive system was applied and a Teflon matrix was placed and filled with composite resin Z-100 (3M) and light-cured. The shear bond strength test was performed with a universal testing machine. The acid etching technique and air abrasion with aluminum oxide associated with acid etching had the highest shear bond strength values. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA and the Tukey test, and no statistically significant difference in shear bond strength was observed between group I (12.49 ± 2.85 MPa) and group III (12.59 ± 2.68 MPa). In contrast, both groups had statistically better shear bond strengths compared to group II (0.29 ± 0.56 MPa; p<0.05). Air abrasion with aluminum oxide does not substitute acid etching. The association of these methods to obtain adequate adhesion to the substrate is necessary.
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Thapa, Vivek Bikram, Amrita Shrestha, Prabesh Sherchan, Prakash Poudel, and Luna Joshi. "Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Two Commercially Available Bondable Molar Tubes." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 9, no. 1 (September 20, 2019): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v9i1.25683.
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Introduction: Direct and indirect bonding has revolutionized clinical orthodontics by reducing chair-side time and enhancing patient comfort. Clinicians often hesitate to bond molars due to ambiguity on shear bond strength. This study was conducted to compare shear bond strengths of two commercially available bondable molar tubes. And asses mesh if the mesh design had a role to play in differences in shear bond strength.
Materials & Method: 30 extracted maxillary molars were divided into Group I and II (n=15).Group I bonded with Victory series MBT (3M Unitek). And Group II bonded with Ortho classic proprietary Pad- Lok (Navy orthodontics). Teeth were mounted on a jig and Shear Bond Strength was evaluated on an Instron universal testing machine at a cross head speed of 1mm/minute. They were also subjected to scanning microscopic examination to check the base pattern.
Result: Shear bond strength of navy orthodontic tubes were (18.0675+/- 4.0187 MPa) was significantly higher than 3M victory series (8.93 +/2.493MPa). Unpaired T-test shows a higher significant difference in SBS between two groups at 1% of significance. SME showed that navy orthodontic tube base was pad-lock mesh design, while 3M was a single mesh base design.
Conclusion: 3M victory series molar tube exhibited a near ideal while other sample showed far higher shear bond strength than recommended. Higher values may result in enamel fracture.
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Tedesco, Tamara Kerber, Eugenio Jose Garcia, Fabio Zovico Maxnuck Soares, Rachel de Oliveira Rocha, and Rosa Helena Miranda Grande. "Effect of Two Microshear Test Devices on Bond Strength and Fracture Pattern in Primary Teeth." Brazilian Dental Journal 24, no. 6 (December 2013): 605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302298.
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This in vitro study evaluated the influence of two devices for application of shear load in microshear tests on bond strength and fracture pattern of primary enamel and dentin. Eighty primary molars were selected and flat enamel (40 teeth sectioned mesio-distally) and dentin (40 teeth sectioned transversally) surfaces were obtained. Both surfaces were polished to standardize the smear layer. Two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond and XP Bond) were used. Polyethylene tubes was placed over the bonded surfaces and filled with composite resin. The microshear testing was performed after storage in water (24 h/37 °C) using two devices for application of microshear loads: a notched rod (Bisco Shear Bond Tester) or a knife edge (Kratos Industrial Equipment). Failure modes were evaluated using a stereomicroscope. Bond strength data were subjected to ANOVA and chi-square test to compare the failure mode distributions (α=0.05). No significant differences were observed between the groups for dentin and enamel bond strength or fracture patterns (p>0.05). The predominant failure mode was adhesive/mixed. In conclusion, the devices for application of shear loads did not influence the bond strength values, regardless of adhesive system and substrate.
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Yeon, Jaeheum, Yooseob Song, Kwan Kyu Kim, and Julian Kang. "Effects of Epoxy Adhesive Layer Thickness on Bond Strength of Joints in Concrete Structures." Materials 12, no. 15 (July 27, 2019): 2396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12152396.
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In the construction field, adhesives are frequently used to improve adhesion between two objects. Epoxy adhesives are applied as long-term solutions, improving the bond between repair materials and existing concrete structures. Experimental investigations of the relationship between the thickness of an adhesive layer and its shear strength have been conducted by a number of industries outside of the construction sector. However, that research used metal plates as adherends when determining the shear strengths of epoxy adhesives. Therefore, this study examines epoxy adhesives’ shear strength development when applied to concrete adherends. The test results show that the thickness of the bond layer did affect shear strength development in the epoxy adhesives examined.
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Cruse, T. A., R. C. Dommarco, and P. C. Basti´as. "Shear Strength of a Thermal Barrier Coating Parallel to the Bond Coat." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 120, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2806834.
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The static and low cycle fatigue strength of an air plasma sprayed (APS) partially stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coating (TBC) is experimentally evaluated. The shear testing utilized the Iosipescu shear test arrangement. Testing was performed parallel to the TBC-substrate interface. The TBC testing required an innovative use of steel extensions with the TBC bonded between the steel extensions to form the standard losipescu specimen shape. The test method appears to have been successful. Fracture of the TBC was initiated in shear, although unconstrained specimen fractures propagated at the TBC-bond coat interface. The use of side grooves on the TBC was successful in keeping the failure in the gage section and did not appear to affect the shear strength values that were measured. Low cycle fatigue failures were obtained at high stress levels approaching the ultimate strength of the TBC. The static and fatigue strengths do not appear to be markedly different from tensile properties for comparable TBC material.
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Sapanathan, Thaneshan, Raafat Ibrahim, Shahin Khoddam, and Saden H. Zahiri. "Numerical Modeling to Determine Test Conditions of Shear Blanking Test for a Hybrid Material." Advanced Materials Research 1016 (August 2014): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1016.125.
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A dedicated blanking test (DBT) was designed to measure the bonding shear strength of a metallic hybrid sample. To identify the required design parameters of the rig, a macro numerical model was developed using Abaqus Finite element (FE) package. Copper clad aluminum hybrid samples fabricated by an axi symmetric forward spiral composite extrusion (AFSCE) process were analyzed using the developed numerical model. The effect of the design parameters including sample thickness, blanking clearance and the die and punch fillet radii were determined to ensure a pure shear blanking along the interface. The numerical results showed that the sample thickness, clearance and fillet radii have a significant effect on the measured bond shear strength and the location of the failure. The required rig was designed and composite copper clad aluminum bonding shear strength was experimentally determined based on the numerical findings.
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Choi, Hyun Ki. "The Effect of Anchorage Strength with Anchorage Capacity in Flat Plate." Key Engineering Materials 627 (September 2014): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.627.245.
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The punching shear on the flat plate slab-column connection can bring about the reason of the brittle punching shear failure which may result of collapsing the whole structure. From the development of residential flat plate system, the shear reinforcement is developed for preventing the punching shear. This study proposed 3 reinforcements that are increased to bond capacity using lateral bar, the structure test is performed. As performed test result, because slabs not keep enough bond length, slab is failed before shear reinforcement's yield strength duo to anchorage of slip. According to result, FEM analyzed an effect of slab thickness and concrete compressive. The study suggests shear strength formula that possible a positive shear reinforcement in slab-column connection.
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Pitriani, Dedeh, Setiadi W. Logamarta, and Dian N. Agus Imam. "The shear bond strength of reconditioned sapphire bracket after rebonding with sandblasting zirconia." Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 30, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol30no1.13602.
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Introduction: Sapphire bracket is the best aesthetic bracket with metal bracket-like mechanical properties. In conditions causing attachment lost between sapphire bracket and enamel, a rebonding procedure will needed. The shear bond strength of sapphire bracket decrease after the rebonding procedure. Sandblasting, hydrofluoric acid etching, and silanization as surface treatment are widely used to improve the bracket bond strength. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of zirconia as sandblasting material towards the shear bond strength of reconditioned sapphire bracket. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory with as much as 27 samples of sapphire bracket divided into 3 groups. Group I was rebonded with sandblasting zirconia and silane, group II with hydrofluoric acid etching and silane, and group III with new bracket bonding. The attachment strength measurement indicator was the shear bond strength test and the SEM analysis. Results: The shear bond strength test showed the average value for each group were 12.97 MPa, 9.26 MPa, and 10.58 MPa, consecutively. The test results were then analysed using a one way ANOVA and LSD (p < 0.05), which showed that significant difference only found in the comparison between group I with group II, but not in the comparison between group I with group III. The SEM analysis result showed that sandblasted surface has homogenous microporosities in high quantities. Conclusion: Zirconia as sandblasting material was effective in increasing the shear bond strength of reconditioned sapphire bracket.
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Sfondrini, Maria Francesca, Danilo Fraticelli, Paola Gandini, and Andrea Scribante. "Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets and Disinclusion Buttons: Effect of Water and Saliva Contamination." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/180137.
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Purpose. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of water and saliva contamination on the shear bond strength and failure site of orthodontic brackets and lingual buttons.Materials and Methods. 120 bovine permanent mandibular incisors were randomly divided into 6 groups of 20 specimens each. Both orthodontic brackets and disinclusion buttons were tested under three different enamel surface conditions: (a) dry, (b) water contamination, and (c) saliva contamination. Brackets and buttons were bonded to the teeth and subsequently tested using a Instron universal testing machine. Shear bond strength values and adhesive failure rate were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (strength values) and Chi squared test (ARI Scores).Results. Noncontaminated enamel surfaces showed the highest bond strengths for both brackets and buttons. Under water and saliva contamination orthodontic brackets groups showed significantly lower shear strengths than disinclusion buttons groups. Significant differences in debond locations were found among the groups under the various enamel surface conditions.Conclusions. Water and saliva contamination of enamel during the bonding procedure lowers bond strength values, more with orthodontic brackets than with disinclusion buttons.
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Andrade, Andrea M., Eugenio Garcia, Sandra Kiss Moura, Alessandra Reis, Alessandro Loguercio, Luciana Mendonça Silva, Gustavo H. D. Pimentel, and Rosa Helena Miranda Grande. "Do the Microshear Test Variables Affect the Bond Strength Values?" International Journal of Dentistry 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/618960.
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Little is known about the effect of specimen preparation and testing protocols on the micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) results. To evaluate whether variations in polyethylene rod use affect (μSBS)). Human dentin disks were randomly distributed into six groups (): polyethylene tube (3 levels) and adhesive system (2 levels). In Group 1, polyethylene tubes filled with polymerized composite) were placed on adhesive covered surfaces. Tubes were removed 24 h after water storage, leaving the rods only. In Group 2, the same procedure was performed; however, tubes were kept in place during testing. In Group 3, composite rods without tubes were placed on adhesive covered dentin. In all groups, adhesives were photoactivated after positioning filled tubes/rods on adhesive covered surfaces. Specimens were tested under shear mode and the data subjected to a two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests. Groups 1 and 2 resulted in statistically similar meanμSBS (); however, a greater number of pretest failures were observed for Group 1. HigherμSBS values were detected for Group 3, irrespective of adhesive system used (). Removing the polyethylene tube before composite rod is placed on dentin affectsμSBS values.
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Gibas-Stanek, Marta, Stephen Williams, Wojciech I. Ryniewicz, and Bartłomiej W. Loster. "Variations in orthodontic bracket retention related to base design. Comparison of foil mesh and anchor pylons brackets." Journal of Stomatology 69, no. 6 (December 31, 2016): 680–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/00114553.1230589.
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Aim of the study. To compare the shear bond strength of metal brackets with foil mesh (3M, Victory Series), one piece metal brackets (Cannon Ultra) and aesthetic plastic brackets (Cannon Ultra) and to evaluate the sandblasting effect on previously used metal bracket bases regarding their bonding ability. Materials and Methods.A total of seventy human third molars were divided into four groups, and brackets were bonded to the enamel using Transbond XT. After 24 hours of storage, brackets were debonded with Instron Universal Testing Machine® and shear bond strength was recorded. Metal brackets were sandblasted until all visible bonding material was removed from the bracket base and then the bonding procedure and shear bond testing were repeated. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check normal distribution. Student’s t-test was used to compare the shear bond strength. Results. The shear bond strength of one-piece metal brackets is significantly bigger (18.93MPa) than metal brackets with foil mesh (12.53MPa). Metal brackets in general demonstrate better bonding properties than aesthetic plastic brackets (8.61MPa). There is no statistically significant difference in shear bond strength between new and re-used sandblasted brackets. Conclusions. One-piece brackets with anchor pylons demonstrate better bonding properties but there is a higher risk of enamel damage during debonding of re-used sandblasted brackets.
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Muhamad Azlan, Hafizah, Lannie Francis, and Zakiah Ahmad. "Strength and Interface Adhesion Properties of in-Plane Shear Loaded Thick Adhesive Joint." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.29 (May 22, 2018): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.29.14289.
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This paper addresses the quality of the interface bonded joints in layers of timber elements. The shear performance was studied to assess the suitability of adhesive to bond timber with different thickness of glueline and timber densities. Since there is absolute test method in establishing the shear strength of the surface bonds between layers timber elements, two test methods were used namely Thick Adherend Shear Test [TAST] and Lap Shear Test. The adhesived used is Sikadur-30 and timber used are Sesendok, Bintangor and Kempas with average densities 400-600kg/m3, 600-800kg/m3 and 800-1000kg/m3 respectively. Obtained results suggest that the interface stress distribution are related to the thicknesses of adhesive and densities of timber.
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Alkhudhairy, Fahad I., and Zeeshan H. Ahmad. "Comparison of Shear Bond Strength and Microleakage of Various Bulk-fill Bioactive Dentin substitutes: An in vitro Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 17, no. 12 (2016): 997–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1970.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Various bulk-fill materials depending on their composition, viscosity, and flow ability have different physical and mechanical properties. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine and compare the shear bond strength and microleakage properties of activa restorative with other bulk-fill restorative materials surefil (SDR), Biodentine, ever X posterior. Materials and methods Forty permanent premolars were selected for shear bond strength, and 20 permanent premolars were selected with class II cavities on mesial and distal side for microleakage. Universal testing device was used to assess the shear bond strength. Microleakage was checked using dye penetration method under a stereomicroscope. Mean and standard deviation values were calculated from the recorded values. Intergroup comparison was done by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by pairwise comparison using Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc test. Results The mean shear bond strength was highest for SDR surefil followed by Ever X posterior, Bioactive restorative, and Biodentine respectively. In this study, SDR (surefil) showed better shear bond strength and better microleakage properties compared with the other test materials (F = 186.7157, p < 0.05). Conclusion The result of this study showed that flowable and fiber-reinforced composites have better shear bond strength and microleakage properties. Clinical significance Flowable bulk-fill composite resins can be used as dentin substitutes because of its superior properties. How to cite this article Alkhudhairy FI, Ahmad ZH. Comparison of Shear Bond Strength and Microleakage of Various Bulk-fill Bioactive Dentin substitutes: An in vitro study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(12):997-1002.
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Moradian, Z. A., G. Ballivy, and P. Rivard. "Application of acoustic emission for monitoring shear behavior of bonded concrete–rock joints under direct shear test." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 39, no. 8 (August 2012): 887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l2012-073.
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Studying shear behavior and failure mechanism of concrete–rock interfaces between concrete structures and rock mass is highly important. To this end, laboratory direct shear tests were conducted on several bonded interfaces. The effect of normal stress, displacement rate, and bonding percentage on shear behavior of bonded joints were also evaluated. The results showed that the adhesive bond between concrete and rock has the most important effect on shear mechanism of concrete–rock interfaces. When the normal load is low, the asperities do not contribute in shear process, so the shear strength of the joints is governed by adhesive bond. The only contribution of the asperities is that they show a small peak after bond breaking peak. When the normal load is high, the asperities break simultaneously with adhesive bond and they show their contribution in the whole shear process. In a constant normal load, by decreasing bonding percentage, the brittle failure of the bonded joints is changed into softening failure because of less contribution of the adhesive bond and more contribution of the rough asperities in joint failure. Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of bonded joints showed that for all different tested samples under various loading conditions, there has been no or very few AE activities before adhesive bond breaking point, indicating that other parameters (roughness, normal load, displacement rate) are impressed by adhesive bond and maximum shear strength is determined by this parameter.
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Zhou, Shan Yu, Long Quan Shao, Jun Ai, Chen Hu, Lin Lin Wang, Ning Wen, and Bin Deng. "Bond Strength of Veneering Ceramics to a Graded Zirconia Core." Advanced Materials Research 624 (December 2012): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.624.221.
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To evaluate bond strength of veneering ceramics to a graded zirconia core. Two zirconia core ceramics (Y-TZP and graded zirconia) were fabricated and veneered with IPS e.max Ceram. A metal ceramic system (IPS d.SIGN, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) was used as a control group for the two all-ceramic test groups (n=20). Shear bond strength test and microtensile bond strength test were conducted by a universal testing machine. Fracture surfaces were also evaluated to determine the failure modes. Additionally, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD tests were used to analyze the data. The shear bond strength test and microtensile bond strength test showed the familiar results. Graded zirconia exhibited the highest bond strength value (SBS: 31.01±2.01 MPa, MTBS: 40.95±1.95 MPa), significantly higher than that of Y-TZP (SBS: 28.14±2.28 MPa, 37.99±2.83 MPa). No significant differences were found between the metal core group and the two zirconia core groups. All test groups demonstrated cohesive failure within the veneer, as well as adhesive failure between the core and the veneer. Glass infiltration to zirconia may affect bond strength between zirconia core and veneering ceramics. A graded zirconia glass structure exhibits a benign bond to a veneering ceramics which could be similar to that of a metal ceramic system.
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Panahandeh, Narges, Fatemeh Adinehlou, Seyedeh Mahsa Sheikh-Al-Eslamian, and Hassan Torabzadeh. "Extract of Propolis on Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement: Effect on Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties and Dentin Bonding Strength." International Journal of Biomaterials 2021 (April 12, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5597837.
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This study assessed the effect of addition of aqueous extract of propolis in different concentrations on the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). In this in vitro study, powder of Fuji II LC RMGIC was mixed with 25% and 50% aqueous extracts of propolis. Samples (n = 15 for shear bond strength, n = 5 for flexural strength, and n = 20 for the antibacterial activity test) were fabricated using this mixture. The buccal and lingual surfaces of 23 premolars were ground to expose dentin. Tygon tubes were filled with cement, bonded to dentin, and subjected to bond or the flexural strength test in a universal testing machine. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion and well-plate techniques against S. mutans. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. The three groups showed significant differences ( p < 0.001). The 50% propolis group had the lowest flexural and shear bond strength. The control group had the highest flexural and shear bond strength. No growth inhibition zone was noted around any of the discs. It can be concluded that addition of propolis to RMGIC did not confer any antibacterial activity against S. mutans and decreased the flexural and shear bond strength of RMGIC.
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Özarslan, Mustafa Mehmet, Özlem Üstün, Ulviye Sebnem Buyukkaplan, Çağatay Barutcigil, Nurullah Türker, and Kubilay Barutcigil. "Assessment the Bond Strength of Ceramic Brackets to CAD/CAM Nanoceramic Composite and Interpenetrating Network Composite after Different Surface Treatments." BioMed Research International 2018 (May 30, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1871598.
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Adult orthodontics may confront problems related to the bonding performance of orthodontic brackets to new generation restorative materials used for crown or laminate restorations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the shear bond strength of ceramic brackets to two new generation CAD/CAM interpenetrating network composite and nanoceramic composite after different surface treatments. Er,Cr:YSGG Laser, hydrofluoric acid (9%), sandblasting (50 μm Al2O3), and silane were applied to the surfaces of 120 CAD/CAM specimens with 2 mm thickness and then ceramic brackets were bonded to the treated surfaces of the specimens. Bond strength was evaluated using the shear bond strength test. According to the results, CAD/CAM block types and surface treatment methods have significant effects on shear bond strength. The lowest bond strength values were found in the specimens treated with silane (3.35 ± 2.09 MPa) and highest values were found in the specimens treated with sandblast (8.92 ± 2.77 MPa). Sandblasting and hydrofluoric acid surface treatment led to the most durable bonds for the two types of CAD/CAM blocks in the present study. In conclusion, different surface treatments affect the shear bond strength of ceramic brackets to CAD/CAM interpenetrating network composite and nanoceramic composite. Among the evaluated treatments, sandblasting and hydrofluoric acid application resulted in sufficient bonding strength to ceramic brackets for both of the CAD/CAM materials.
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Kanashiro, Lylian Kazumi, Julissa Janet Robles-Ruíz, Ana Lidia Ciamponi, Igor Studart Medeiros, Gladys Cristina Dominguez, and Solange Mongelli de Fantini. "Effect of adhesion boosters on indirect bracket bonding." Angle Orthodontist 84, no. 1 (July 5, 2013): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/012313-73.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the influence of two adhesion boosters on shear bond strength and on the bond failure location of indirectly bonded brackets. Materials and Methods: Sixty bovine incisors were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20), and their buccal faces were etched using 37% phosphoric acid. In group 1 (control), brackets were indirectly bonded using only Sondhi adhesive. In groups 2 and 3, the adhesion boosters Enhance Adhesion Booster and Assure Universal Bonding Resin, respectively, were applied before bonding with Sondhi. Maximum bond strength was measured with a universal testing machine, and the location of bond failure was evaluated using the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). One-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test (P < .05) was used to compare the shear bond strength among groups, and the differences in ARI scores were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test (P < .05). The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to determine whether there was any correlation between bond strength and ARI scores. Results: The mean shear bond strength in group 3 was significantly higher (P < .01) than in the other groups. Evaluation of the locations of bond failure revealed differences (P < .05) among the three groups. There was a moderate correlation between bond strength and ARI scores within group 3 (r = 0.5860, P < .01). Conclusion: In vitro shear bond strength was acceptable in all groups. The use of the Assure adhesion booster significantly increased both the shear bond strength of indirectly bonded brackets and the amount of adhesive that remained on the enamel after bracket debonding.
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Prado, Ricardo Alves do, Heitor Panzeri, Alfredo Julio Fernandes Neto, Flávio Domingues das Neves, Marlete Ribeiro da Silva, and Gustavo Mendonça. "Shear bond strength of dental porcelains to nickel-chromium alloys." Brazilian Dental Journal 16, no. 3 (December 2005): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402005000300006.
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The continuous technological advance and increasing availability of new base metal alloys and ceramic systems in the market, coupled to the demands of daily clinical practice, have made the constant evaluation of the bond strength of metal/porcelain combinations necessary. This study evaluated the metal/porcelain shear bond strength of three ceramic systems (Duceram, Williams and Noritake) in combination with three nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloys (Durabond, Verabond and Viron). Thirty cast cylinder specimens (15 mm high; 6 mm in diameter) were obtained for each alloy, in a way that 10 specimens of each alloy were tested with each porcelain. Bond strength was measured with an Emic screw-driven mechanical testing machine by applying parallel shear forces to the specimens until fracture. Shear strength was calculated using the ratio of the force applied to a demarcated area of the opaque layer. Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis of the alloy/ceramic combinations (p<0.05). Viron/Noritake had the highest shear bond sregnth means (32.93 MPa), while Verabond/Duceram (16.31 MPa) presented the lowest means. Viron/Noritake differed statistically from other combinations (p<0.05). Viron/Duceram had statistically significant higher bond strengths than Verabond/Duceram, Verabond/Williams and Durabond/Noritake (p<0.05). It was also found significant difference (p<0.05) between Verabond/Noritake, Verabond/Duceram and Durabond/Noritake. No statistically significant difference (p>0.05) were observed among the other combinations. In conclusion, the Noritake ceramic system used together with Viron alloy presented the highest resistance to shear forces, while Duceram bonded to Verabond presented the lowest bond strength. Viron/Duceram and Verabond/Noritake provided intermediate results. The combinations between the Williams ceramic system and Ni-Cr alloys had similar shear strengths among each other.
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Patusco, Virna Cavalcante, Gil Montenegro, Marcos Augusto Lenza, and Adilson Alves de Carvalho. "Bond Strength of Metallic Brackets After Dental Bleaching." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/072507-345.1.
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Abstract Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the action of at-home and in-office vital bleaching on the shear bond strength of metallic brackets bonded with composite resin 24 hours after bleaching. Materials and Methods: Forty-five human upper premolars were randomly divided into three groups: (1) control, (2) 10% carbamide peroxide at-home bleached, and (3) 35% hydrogen peroxide in-office bleached. Twenty-four hours after bleaching the teeth were pumiced, bonded with metallic brackets, and stored in distilled water. One day after bonding the shear bond strength of the brackets was determined. Results: The mean shear bond strength of Group 1 (control) and Group 2 (carbamide peroxide bleached) were not statistically different. Group 3 (hydrogen peroxide bleached) had a significantly lower mean shear bond strength than Group 1 and Group 2. Conclusions: The hypothesis is rejected. Use of 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching does not significantly alter shear bond strength values. On the other hand, use of 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching significantly reduces these values and diminishes the amount of resin remnant on the tooth surface after bracket debonding.
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Shariza, S., T. Joseph Sahaya Anand, A. R. M. Warikh, Lee Cher Chia, Chua Kok Yau, and Lim Boon Huat. "Bond strength evaluation of heat treated Cu-Al wire bonding." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 12, no. 4 (December 27, 2018): 4275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.12.4.2018.21.0367.
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Bond strength evaluation of wire bonding in microchips is the key study in any wire bonding mechanism. The quality of the wire bond interconnection relates very closely to the reliability of the microchip during performance of its function in any application. In many reports, concerns regarding the reliability of the microchip are raised due to formation of void at the wire-bond pad bonding interface, predominantly after high temperature storage (HTS) annealing conditions. In this report, the quality of wire bonds prepared at different conditions, specifically annealed at different HTS durations are determined by measurements of the strength of the interface between the bond wire and the bond pad. The samples are tested in pull test and bond shear test. It was observed that the higher bonding temperature as well as the longer duration of HTS increased the bond strength. This is represented through the analysis of the measurements of ball shear strength. This is due to the fact that higher bonding temperature and longer HTS promoted better growth of the Cu-Al IMC layer. A transmission electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray analysis (TEM-EDX) has been carried out to observe the formation of the Cu-Al IMC layer in the sample.
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Yudhit, Astrid, and Rusfian Dayuni Ariski S. "Pengaruh bahan bonding self-etch terhadap kekuatan perlekatan antara pasak glass fiber dengan resin komposit." Jurnal Material Kedokteran Gigi 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jmkg.v1i1.153.
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Nowadays, glass fiber post and composite resin cores have been used in endodontic treatment for esthetics achievement. The success of this treatment was affected by some factors such as bond strength between post and cores. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of self etch bonding agent that use as adhesive materials between glass fiber post and resin composite by its bond strength. Totally twenty samples is used in this study, and divided in two groups (n=10 for each group), bonding group agents and without bonding agent group (control). The tensile-shear bond strength tested with Universal Testing Machine. Then, the bond strength values were analyzed statistically with t-test (p≤ 0,05). The result shows that bonds strength values in bonding agent groups were higher than without bonding agent groups. But, there is no significantly different between groups. In conclusion, bonding agent did not have effect on tensile-shear bond strength between glass fiber post and resin composite.
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Nidhiritdhikrai, Pacharapilai, Niwat Anuwongnukroh, Surachai Dechkunakorn, and Wassana Wichai. "Shear Bond Strength and ARI Score of Chemically Cured Orthodontic Adhesive Resins." Key Engineering Materials 730 (February 2017): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.148.
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The purpose of this study was to compare shear bond strength and to evaluate Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) score among three chemically cured orthodontic adhesive resins, namely Unite (3M Unitek, USA), Rely-a-Bond (Reliance, USA) and Ortho-Force (China). Materials and methods: Ninety extracted human maxillary premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups (30 teeth/group). Upper premolar metal brackets (Ormco, USA) were boned by using the following adhesive systems: Unite, Rely-a-Bond and Ortho-Force. After 24 hours, shear bond strength was tested by using a Universal Testing Machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. After debonding, all teeth and brackets were examined under 10-times magnification and scored by using Image-Pro Plus 7.0 software program. Results: One-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey HSD multiple comparison test showed a statistically significant (P<0.05) difference among groups. Ortho-Force had the lowest shear bond strength (17.53±3.60 MPa) and demonstrated statistically significant difference (P<0.05) from the other groups. The difference between Unite (22.40±3.11 MPa) and Rely-a-Bond (20.67±2.70 MPa) was not statistically significant. The bond failure sites were categorized according to the ARI, and the Chi-square test showed significant differences in the ARI scores (P<0.05) among all sample groups. The ARI score of 3 was found to be the most prevalent in Ortho-force (73.33%), followed by Unite (66.67%), and Rely-a-Bond (0%). In Rely-a-Bond group, ARI score of 1 was the most prevalent (66.67%). Only Unite had no residual adhesive left on tooth surface after debonding (6.67%). Conclusions: Unite and Rely-a-Bond produced greater shear bond strength than Ortho-Force. According to ARI score, Unite and Ortho-Force had a high frequency of all the adhesive remained on the tooth surface but Rely-a-Bond had high frequency of less than half the adhesive remained on the tooth surface.
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Stojanovska, Vera, Chris Ivanoff, Ilijana Muratovska, Lidija Popovska, Franklin Garcia-Godoy, Timothy Hottel, Dejan Markovic, and Brian Morrow. "Joggle lap shear testing of deep occlusal composite restorations lined with Dycal, Dycal LC, conventional or resin-modified glass ionomer." Vojnosanitetski pregled 74, no. 5 (2017): 410–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp150816226s.
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Background/Aim. The longevity of a dental restoration may be predicted to some degree by its adhesive ability, and this, in turn, can be measured by bond strength testing between restorative materials and tooth structure. The aim of this study was to test an innovative joggle lap shearing jig that integrates the tooth and the entire biomechanical unit into testing, to compare the shear bond strengths of Class I occlusal composite restorations in deep cavity preparations lined with Dycal, Dycal LC, conventional glass ionomer or resin-modified glass ionomer. The mode of failure (adhesive, cohesive, mixed) after debonding was determined by stereomicroscopy. Methods. A total of 150 standardized occlusal cavities were prepared and divided into five groups. The group I cavities (n = 30) were coated with adhesive (ExciTE?F) and filled directly with composite (TetricEvoCeram). The group II and III cavities were lined with Dycal (n = 30) or Dycal LC (n = 30) before placing composite. The groups IV and V specimens were based with Fuji IX (n = 30) or Fuji II LC (n = 30). Shear bond strengths were determined with a universal testing machine and fractured bonding sites were analyzed under stereomicroscope. The mean bond strengths were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test (p < 0.05) and the means between the groups were analyzed with Student?s t-test. Results. The shear bond strength (MPa) of composite restorations in cavities without base (23.91 ? 4.54) was higher than cavities lined with Fuji II LC (17.45 ? 2.74), Fuji IX (8.76 ? 2.57), Dycal LC (13.07 ? 1.84) or Dycal (6.12 ? 1.28). The results using the jogged lap shearing jig were consistent with the literature. Conclusion. The shear bond strength of occlusal composite restorations in deep cavities without liners was greater than cavities lined with Fuji II LC > Fuji IX > Dycal LC > Dycal.
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Zhang, Shao Feng, Jing Gao, Jie Mo Tian, Jun Jia, and Jiang Li. "Bond Strengths of Alumina-Glass and Zirconia-Glass Composites to Opaque-Dentine Porcelain." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 1258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1258.
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This study was conducted to evaluate shear bond strength between self-made alumina glass composites (AGC), zirconia glass composites (ZGC) and Vita alpha opaque-dentine porcelain, and also evaluate the effects of different surface treating methods on the bond strength. The AGC and ZGC specimens were treated differently and then bonded with Vita alpha opaque-dentine porcelain. The bond strength was measured by shear test and the surface treating methods included no-treatment, sandblasting and etching. The results showed that the values of bond strength for AGC groups were 30.1, 41.1 and 41.9 MPa respectively, and the bond strength of both sandblasting group and etching group were significantly higher than that of the untreated group; the bond strength of ZGC groups were 60.2, 63.6 and 35.5MPa respectively, and the value of sandblasting group was significantly higher while etching group was lower than that of untreated group. These results indicated that Vita alpha opaque-dentine porcelain can be well sintered to self-made AGC and ZGC. Sandblasting can greatly improve the bond strength for both AGC and ZGC, while the etching treating method had different effect on their bond strengths.
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Herda, Ellyza, Nabila ., and Bambang Irawan. "SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF RESTORATIVE PARTICULATE RESIN COMPOSITE WITH A SHORT FIBER-REINFORCED RESIN COMPOSITE SUBSTRUCTURE." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 9 (January 1, 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2017.v9s2.42.
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Objective: This study aimed to identify the shear bond strength of two different restorative particulate resin composites with a short fiber-reinforced resin composite (SFRC) substructure.Methods: Two restorative particulate resin composites, G-aenial PosteriorTM (Group A, 10 specimens) and Tetric N-Ceramtm (Group B, 10 specimens), were used as an upper layer of everX posteriorTM, an SFRC. A shear bond strength test was performed using a universal testing machine with a load of 100 kgf and a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data were analyzed statistically using the independent samples t-test.Results: The mean shear bond strength values were found to be18.64±1.5 MPa (Group A) and 22.05±1.8 MPa (Group B). A significant difference in shear bond strength between the two groups was found.Conclusion: The shear bond strength value is higher in the Tetric N-CeramTM restorative particulate resin composite with SFRC as a substructure than the G-aenial PosteriorTM restorative particulate resin composite.
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El Mourad, Aminah M. "Assessment of Bonding Effectiveness of Adhesive Materials to Tooth Structure using Bond Strength Test Methods: A Review of Literature." Open Dentistry Journal 12, no. 1 (September 28, 2018): 664–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017901814010664.
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Background: The rapid developments in the field of adhesive dental materials have led to improvements in many aspects of clinical dentistry. Adhesive bond strength plays an important role in determining the clinical performance and longevity of dental restorations. Nevertheless, bond strength tests have never been well-standardized, although a number of important recommendations have been made. Objective: The aim of this paper is to critically review the validity of different bond strength testing methods for assessment of bonding effectiveness of adhesive materials to tooth structure and discuss factors that may affect bond strength measurement. Data Collection: Relevant literature published between 1983 and 2018 was collected and reviewed from the PubMed database and Google scholar resources. Review Results: Results of the current bond testing methods should be used to compare materials tested under the same laboratory settings, but they shouldn’t be used to make direct inferences on their clinical behaviour. Shear and micro-shear tests, result in non-uniform stress distribution, stress concentration at the substrate area, and predominantly tensile stresses rather than shear stresses. Micro-tensile bond tests provide many advantages over the shear tests, although these methods are technique sensitive and labour intensive. Conclusion: Bond strength testing methods should be well-standardized, but there are many factors that cannot be fully controlled which leads to variation and misinterpretation of the data about the bonding abilities of adhesives. Clinical Significance: New adhesive materials should be subjected to a combination of testing protocols to properly assess their bonding effectiveness.
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Amelian, Soroosh, and Yong-Rak Kim. "Performance Assessment of Interlayers with Different Tack Coats by Considering Loading Types and Failure Modes." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 28 (May 4, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118768528.
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A monotonic direct shear test (DST) is the most commonly used method to evaluate bond strength of interlayers; however, it does not consider the actual repetitive traffic loading that pavement undergoes during its service life. This study aims to examine the link between various parameters obtained from a monotonic DST and the results of a cyclic loading test that more realistically assesses the interlayer performance with tack coats. Furthermore, to investigate the possible effect of the interface failure mode (shear vs. tensile) on the performance assessment of the tack coat interlayers, a simple indirect tensile test was conducted to determine the tensile strength of the interlayers. Field core samples extracted from a test section constructed in Nebraska were used for various laboratory tests. The field test section included 14 subsections containing various types of tack coat materials with different application methods. Permanent shear deformation and interface stiffness were selected as the failure criteria to characterize the interface resistance associated with cyclic load repetition. Shear strength, shear stiffness, and interlayer bond energy were chosen as the failure criteria for the monotonic DST. Results show that the interlayer shear strength from the monotonic DST had an acceptable correlation with the cyclic test results, and interlayer bond energy is a good predictor of the shear resistance of the tack coats with a high correlation with the cyclic test. The simple indirect tensile test was capable of differentiating interlayer performance with different types of tack coating.
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Widodo, Slamet. "Bond Strength between Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Substrate and Self-Compacting Concrete as Topping Layer." Advances in Civil Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7015254.
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Structural performance evaluation of composite concrete slabs that were constructed using partially precast concreting system which utilized Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete (HyFRLWAC) as stay in-place formwork and self-compacting concrete (SCC) as topping layer was conducted in this research. This paper focused on determining the appropriate strength limit criteria of interface between two different concrete layers. The tensile strength was tested using pull-off test, while concrete cohesion was investigated based on modified bisurface shear test, and dual L-shaped shear test was used to determine the effect of normal force on the shear strength of concrete interface. Sample variants were designed based on the substrate surface conditions, compressive strength of the topping layer, and magnitude of perpendicular normal force acting on interface area. The substrate surfaces were prepared in as-placed and grooved conditions for tensile test, cohesion, and shear strength test. Test results indicate that tensile strength, cohesion, and shear strength of the concrete interface are affected by surface condition of the substrate, compressive strength of the topping layer, and the normal force acting perpendicularly on the concrete interface area. Proposed formulation for bond strength prediction between HyFRLWAC as substrate and SCC as topping layer is also presented in this paper.