Relevant bibliographies by topics / Shear lag effect

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Shear lag effect'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Shear lag effect"

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Szumigała, M., and K. Ciesielczyk. "Shear Lag Effect In The Numerical Experiment." Archives of Civil Engineering 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ace-2015-0023.

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AbstractThe standard PN-EN 1993-1-5: 2008 (Eurocode 3) compared with the standard (PN-B-03200: 1990) used previously in Poland, introduces extended rules referring to the computations of the bearing capacity of the plated structural elements including the shear lag effect. The stress distribution in the width flanges is variable. Therefore in the case of the beam with the shear lag effect cannot be calculated by the classic beam theory.In this article a comparison of the results of the calculations of forces distribution, stresses and displacement according to the rule presented in PN-EN 1993 and results of the numerical computations for 3D model (using finite element method) is presented. The elastic shear lag effects, the elastic shear lag effects including effects of the plate buckling and the elastic-plastic shear lag effects including the local instabilities were analysed. The calculations were performed for beams with a small and a large span and an influence of stiffeners was analysed.
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Qiao, Peng. "Influence of Shear Lag and Shear Deformation Effects on Deflection of Composite Box Girder with Corrugated Steel Webs." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 985–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.985.

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The shear lag and shear deformation effects on deflection of composite girder with corrugated steel webs (CGCSW) was studied. The influence of shear lag and shear deformation effect was expressed by deflection coefficient δ1 and δ2. Parametric analysis within a scope of dimensions of built-in girders was performed, including girder span, width, height, thickness of concrete flange and thickness of steel web. The results show that the deflection coefficient of shear lag effect is approximately directly proportional to square of width-span ratio, while the deflection coefficient of shear deformation effect is related to all parameters. It’s suggested that shear lag effect on CGCSW’s deflection be neglected when width-span ratio is smaller than 1/9, and shear deformation effect should always be considered.
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Zhang, Yun Guo, and Ying Nan Li. "Analysis on Shear Lag Effect of Box Girder Subject to Dynamic Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.811.

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Shear lag effect of box girders under static, transient dynamic load and harmonic dynamic load has been studied, respectively, through finite element method. Shear lag effects under different load conditions were compared and dynamic loading influence on shear lag was analyzed. The results show that the dynamic load has great influence on shear lag of thin box girder that can not be neglected. During the research, the eyesight was transfer from the conventional static load to the dynamic load to study the shear lag problem of box girder. The research conclusions will be useful for the design and construction of bridges and will enrich the design theory of box girder.
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Lu, Hailin, Heng Cai, Zheng Tang, and Zijun Nan. "Experimental study and finite element analysis on shear lag effect of thin-walled curved box beam under vehicle loads." MATEC Web of Conferences 169 (2018): 01040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816901040.

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Shear lag effects of curved box beam under vehicle loads are investigated by using three-dimensional finite element method, where 4 parameters of vehicle loads, load size, vehicle speed, vehicle load position, load types, are considered. The change rules of stress distribution and shear lag coefficients of upper flange at mid-span are obtained when the loads move to the mid-span. The results indicate that under vehicle loads, the peak shear lag coefficients is at the junction between the flange and web, shear lag effect is prominent, shear lag effect is greatly influenced by vehicle speed and vehicle load position, while load size and load types almost don’t affect shear lag coefficients but do affect the stress. The model experiment of a cantilever curved box beam is carried out to compare with finite element analysis, and the error between them is small, which testify the validity and reliability of finite element model.
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Lin, Li Xia, Yuan Hai Zhang, Ya Ping Wu, and Nan Hong Ding. "Approximate Deflection Calculation of Variable Box Section Girder Considering the Effect of Shear Lag and Shear Deformation." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 967–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.967.

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Based on the equivalent stiffness and equivalent stiffness ratio method, an approximate method suitable for hand calculation is proposed to calculate the deflection of variable box section girder bearing load, in which, the double effects of shear lag and shear deformation can be taken into account. It shows that the deflection calculated by elementary beam theory without considering shear lag effect and the shear deformation is smaller, comparing to results calculated by the approximate method proposed in the paper. For such variable box sections girder, transverse shear deformation effect is greater than the shear lag effect when calculating the deflection. The approximate method offers a simple and effective calculating method for the design of box girder with variable cross section, in which, analysis formula can be applied in engineering practice through simple revision.
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Chen, Mu, Jiang Hong Xue, and Neng Gan. "Entity Analysis of Shear Lag about Grooved Beam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 533–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.533.

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We establish the entity model of groove beams in Midas FEA. Then we compare and analysis the shear lag effect of prestressed reinforcement caused in different locations. It can provide some suggestions for prestressed rib of groove beams. The result shows that when the prestressed steel beam is located in the middle of small beam, the effect of shear lag is maximum and the shear lag effects of prestressed in two ends are similar, Prestressed reinforcement can be arrangement refer to the results.
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Zhou, Shi-Jun. "Effect of Construction Method on Shear Lag in Prestressed Concrete Box Girders." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/273295.

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Most of the previous researches conducted on shear lag of box girders were only concerned about simple types of structures, such as simply supported and cantilever beams. The structural systems concerned in these previous researches were considered as determined and unchangeable. In this paper, a finite element method considering shear lag and creep of concrete was presented to analyze the effect of dynamic construction process on shear lag in different types of concrete box-girder bridges. The shear lag effect of the three types of a two-span continuous concrete beam classified by construction methods was analyzed in detail according to construction process. Also, a three-span prestressed concrete box-girder bridge was analyzed according to the actual construction process. The shear lag coefficients and stresses on cross sections along the beam including shear lag were obtained. The different construction methods, the changes of structural system with the construction process, the changes of loading and boundary conditions with the construction process and time, the prestressing, and creep were all imitated in the calculations. From comparisons between the results for beams using different construction methods, useful conclusions were made.
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Zhang, Yu Hong, Zi Jiang Yang, and Shi Zhong Liu. "Stress Concentration and Deflection of Box Girder under Shear Lag Effect." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 2761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.2761.

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The shear lag effect on box girders has been studied by quite a few researchers for many years. However, most of studies are related to shear lag formulas and analytical methods and very few have investigated the effect of stress concentration and deflection. The present study investigates the stress concentration and deflection under shear lag effect in a continuous box girder and a simply supported beam by using the three-dimensional finite element method. The whole girder is modeled by shell elements, and an extensive parametric study with respect to the geometry of a box girder is carried out. The influence of finite element mesh on the shear lag is carefully treated by the multi-mesh extrapolation method.
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Dezi, Luigino, Fabrizio Gara, and Graziano Leoni. "Shear-lag effect in twin-girder composite decks." Steel and Composite Structures 3, no. 2 (April 25, 2003): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2003.3.2.111.

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Wu, You Ming, Yong Jun Lu, and Han Shi. "Shear Lag Effect of Continuous Curved Box Girder with Initial Curvature." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 1701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.1701.

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The homogeneous solutions of the governing differential equations for shear lag are used as the displacement patterns of the finite segment are presented. A finite segment model with consideration of initial curvature, bending, torsion and shear lag is established. In addition, the tests of the two-span continuous curved box girder and numerical calculations of the model tests by finite segment method and finite element method are made. The results of the model tests and numerical calculation are consistent with each other. An actual example was given to investigate the shear lag effect of a continuous curved box girder under load. The research results show that the initial curvature has an obvious influence on the shear lag effect of a continuous curved box girder.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Shear lag effect"

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Ahmad, M. K. M. "Shear lag effect in composite box girders." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237869.

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Shrestha, Saurav. "VERIFICATION OF SHEAR LAG IN LONGITUDINALLY WELDED TENSION MEMBERS." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2142.

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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Saurav Shrestha, for the Masters of Science degree in CIVIL ENGINEERING, presented on November 22, 2016, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: VERIFICATION OF SHEAR LAG IN LONGITUDINALLY WELDED TENSION MEMBERS. MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. J. Kent Hsiao, Ph.D., P.E. (CA), S.E. (UT) Tension members are used broadly as bracing members in buildings and truss. When double channels or double tees are welded to a gusset plate, stresses are distributed non-uniformly in connected members since only a part of its cross-section is connected. Shear lag factor describes this phenomenon. The main objective of this study is to verify shear lag factor of tension steel members with welded connections using the finite element computer analysis and the current design Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (AISC 2010). The provision for calculating shear lag factor, U, is given by AISC Specification as 1-x ̅/L for angles, tees, channels and wide flange tension members. Weld size and length of the weld are the main parameters studied here. The current AISC design provision over-estimates the design tensile strength of double channel shapes. While, for WT Shapes it under-estimates one. The increase in weld size and decrease in weld length shows slight change in shear lag factor. Comparison is also made with the equation proposed by Fortney and Thornton (2012). The equation under-estimates the design tensile strength of both sections.
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Petretta, Marco. "An investigation of the shear lag effect in welded angle tensile connections." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0001/MQ45448.pdf.

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Leonard, Johan M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Investigation of shear lag effect in high-rise buildings with diagrid system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39269.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2007.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-44).
In the recent years, there have been many new skyscrapers built which soar into new heights. The most efficient building system for high-rises has been the framed tube system. However, the framed tube building suffers from shear lag effects which cause a nonlinear distribution of axial stresses along the face of the building. A particular structural system called a diagrid system has caught the attention of the public. The diagrid system is not a new invention. The idea had been around since 1960 and few buildings have been built with the diagrid system. However, the implementation in a larger scale of such tall building was not practical due to high cost related to the difficult node connections. It is only in recent years that the technology has allowed for more reasonable cost of making the diagrid node connections. Despite becoming the new trend in high-rise structures, there are not many technical publications related to diagrid building system. A recent thesis by Moon (2005) studied the various angles of the diagrid to find optimum angle. He has also reviewed the design considerations for diagrid building. This thesis attempts to build on the study by Moon related to the shear lag effect in diagrid building. Diagrid buildings of different configuration are modeled in SAP2000 and analyzed for shear lag effect and structural performance.
by Johan Leonard.
M.Eng.
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Orloff, Kenneth L. "An Experimental Study of the Influence of Eccentricity on Shear Lag Effects in Welded Connections." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491560125351369.

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Brown, Timothy Lawrence Jr. "The Effect of Long-Term Thermal Cycling on the Microcracking Behavior and Dimensional Stability of Composite Materials." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29832.

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The effect of thermal-cycling-induced microcracking in fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites is studied. Specific attention is focused on microcrack density as a function of the number of thermal cycles, and the effect of microcracking on the dimensional stability of composite materials. Changes in laminate coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and laminate stiffness are of primary concern. Included in the study are materials containing four different Thornel fiber types: a PAN-based T50 fiber and three pitch-based fibers, P55, P75, and P120. The fiber stiffnesses range from 55 Msi to 120 Msi. The fiber CTE's range from -0.50x10-6/°F to -0.80x10-6/°F. Also included are three matrix types: Fiberite's 934 epoxy, Amoco's ERL1962 toughened epoxy, and YLA's RS3 cyanate ester. The lamination sequences of the materials considered include a cross-ply configuration, [0/90]2s, and two quasi-isotropic configurations, [0/+45/-45/90]s and [0/+45/90/-45]s. The layer thickness of the materials range from a nominal 0.001 in. to 0.005 in. In addition to the variety of materials considered, three different thermal cycling temperature ranges are considered. These temperature ranges are ±250°F, ±150°F, and ±50°F. The combination of these material and geometric parameters and temperature ranges, combined with thermal cycling to thousands of cycles, makes this one of the most comprehensive studies of thermal-cycling-induced microcracking to date.

Experimental comparisons are presented by examining the effect of layer thickness, fiber type, matrix type, and thermal cycling temperature range on microcracking and its influence on the laminates. Results regarding layer thickness effects indicate that thin-layer laminates microcrack more severely than identical laminates with thick layers. For some specimens in this study, the number of microcracks in thin-layer specimens exceeds that in thick-layer specimens by more than a factor of two. Despite the higher number of microcracks in the thin-layer specimens, small changes in CTE after thousands of cycles indicate that the thin-layer specimens are relatively unaffected by the presence of these cracks compared to the thick-layer specimens. Results regarding fiber type indicate that the number of microcracks and the change in CTE after thousands of cycles in the specimens containing PAN-based fibers are less than in the specimens containing comparable stiffness pitch-based fibers. Results for specimens containing the different pitch-based fibers indicate that after thousands of cycles, the number of microcracks in the specimens does not depend on the modulus or CTE of the fiber. The change in laminate CTE does, however, depend highly on the stiffness and CTE of the fiber. Fibers with higher stiffness and more negative CTE exhibit the lowest change in laminate CTE as a result of thermal cycling. The overall CTE of these specimens is, however, more negative as a result of the more negative CTE of the fiber. Results regarding matrix type based on the ±250°F temperature range indicate that the RS3 cyanate ester resin system exhibits the greatest resistance to microcracking and the least change in CTE, particularly for cycles numbering 3000 and less. Extrapolations to higher numbers of cycles indicate, however, that the margin of increased performance is expected to decrease with additional thermal cycling. Results regarding thermal cycling temperature range depend on the matrix type considered and the layer thickness of the specimens. For the ERL1962 resin system, microcrack saturation is expected to occur in all specimens, regardless of the temperature range to which the specimens are exposed. By contrast, the RS3 resin system demonstrates a threshold effect such that cycled to less severe temperature ranges, microcracking does not occur. For the RS3 specimens with 0.005 in. layer thickness, no microcracking or changes in CTE are observed in specimens cycled between between ±150°F or ±50°F. For the RS3 specimens with 0.002 in. layer thickness, no microcracking or changes in CTE are observed in specimens cycled between ±50°F.. Results regarding laminate stiffness indicate negligible change in laminate stiffness due to thermal cycling for the materials and geometries considered in this investigation. The study includes X-ray examination of the specimens, showing that cracks observed at the edge of the specimens penetrate the entire width of the specimen. Glass transition temperatures of the specimens are measured, showing that resin chemistry is not altered as a result of thermal cycling.

Results are also presented based on a one-dimensional shear lag analysis developed in the literature. The analysis requires material property information that is difficult to obtain experimentally. Using limited data from the present investigation, material properties associated with the analysis are modified to obtain reasonable agreement with measured microcrack densities. Based on these derived material properties, the analysis generally overpredicts the change in laminate CTE. Predicted changes in laminate stiffness show reasonable correlation with experimentally measured values.
Ph. D.

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Chiu, Jack. "The Effect of Ballistic Impact on Adhesively-Bonded Single Lap Joints in the Shear Mode." Thesis, The City College of New York, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10743329.

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Adhesive bonding is a common, robust, and inexpensive method of joining materials. Of particular interest is the behavior under shear loading, where adhesive bonding excels compared to alternative joining methods. However, while the quasi-static response of these joints is well understood, the dynamic behavior is largely unknown.

To this end, a series of experiments were devised and performed where two bars are adhesively bonded using a simple lap joint and subjected to a high-speed impact from a steel slug. These tests were configured to, as much as possible, isolate the type of wave that generates adhesive shear and minimize the effect of reflected and induced waves. While keeping the overall geometry constant, the adhesive material, substrate material, and projectile velocity were varied.

The wave behavior was recorded using surface-mounted strain gages. Also, digital image correlation techniques were developed to analyze high-speed video of the impact event. From these experiments, a number of useful measures can be extracted, including the critical input (projectile) kinetic energy and the specific energy absorbed by the adhesive.

The techniques developed in this thesis allow for the suitability of different substrate/adhesive combinations under ballistic shear impact to be quantitatively evaluated.

Additionally, dynamic plate theory is used to derive an analytical model of the substrate/adhesive system. Several solutions to this model which were solved using a Finite Difference approach are included. These solutions were then compared to the strain histories recorded in the physical experiments.

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Sahellie, Samer Verfasser], and Hartmut [Akademischer Betreuer] [Pasternak. "Study on the temperature effect on lap shear adhesive joints in lightweight steel construction / Samer Sahellie ; Betreuer: Hartmut Pasternak." Cottbus : BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1114283789/34.

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Bandi, Raghava. "Effect of Surface Treatment on the Performance of CARALL, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Dissimilar Material Joints." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011869/.

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Fiber-metal laminates (FML) are the advanced materials that are developed to improve the high performance of lightweight structures that are rapidly becoming a superior substitute for metal structures. The reasons behind their emerging usage are the mechanical properties without a compromise in weight other than the traditional metals. The bond remains a concern. This thesis reviews the effect of pre-treatments, say heat, P2 etch and laser treatments on the substrate which modifies the surface composition/roughness to impact the bond strength. The constituents that make up the FMLs in our present study are the Aluminum 2024 alloy as the substrate and the carbon fiber prepregs are the fibers. These composite samples are manufactured in a compression molding process after each pre-treatment and are then subjected to different tests to investigate its properties in tension, compression, flexural and lap shear strength. The results indicate that heat treatment adversely affects properties of the metal and the joint while laser treatments provide the best bond and joint strength.
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Berardi, Francesca. "A study of the load-carrying capacity of SRG- and SRP-masonry interface: the effect of salt crystallization and width of the composite." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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In this document, an experimentation on composite materials (Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix FRCM and Fiber Reinforced Polymer FRP) applied on a masonry substrate has been described. 38 Single-lap Shear tests were carried out on steel reinforced specimens with different matrix widths (SRG) and with different types of degradation due to conditioning cycles (SRG, SRP) in order to investigate the failure and transfer mechanisms between the composite and the substrate.
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Books on the topic "Shear lag effect"

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Humphries, Matthew. An investigation of the shear lag effect in welded channel tension connections. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2003.

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Petretta, Marco. An investigation of the shear lag effect in welded angle tensile connections. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1999.

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Escudier, Marcel. Turbulent flow. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719878.003.0018.

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In this chapter the principal characteristics of a turbulent flow are outlined and the way that Reynolds’ time-averaging procedure, applied to the Navier-Stokes equations, leads to a set of equations (RANS) similar to those governing laminar flow but including additional terms which arise from correlations between fluctuating velocity components and velocity-pressure correlations. The complex nature of turbulent motion has led to an empirical methodology based upon the RANS and turbulence-transport equations in which the correlations are modelled. An important aspect of turbulent flows is the wide range of scales involved. It is also shown that treating near-wall turbulent shear flow as a Couette flow leads to the Law of the Wall and the log law. The effect of surface roughness on both the velocity distribution and surface shear stress is discussed. It is shown that the distribution of mean velocity within a turbulent boundary layer can be represented by a linear combination of the near-wall log law and an outer-layer Law of the Wake.
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Book chapters on the topic "Shear lag effect"

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Kumar, Manoj, Nitin Gulhane, and Tanmay Gupta. "Effect of Skewness on Shear Lag Effect in RC Box-Girder Bridges." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 233–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0362-3_19.

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Kasiviswanathan, M., and Akhil Upadhyay. "Effect of Shear Lag on Buckling of FRP Box-Beams." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 759–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0365-4_65.

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Praseeja, K. C., and Nithin Mohan. "Effect of Shear Lag on Buckling Behavior of Hat Shaped Laminated Composite Box Sections." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 445–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26365-2_41.

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Lu, Hai-lin, Chong-yong Wan, Xiao-long Zhou, Jia-qi Qian, Bin Chen, and Song-bo Zhu. "Finite element analysis on shear lag effect of concrete curved box girder under moving loads." In Green Building, Environment, Energy and Civil Engineering, 107–12. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315375106-23.

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Takiguchi, Michihiro, and Fusahito Yoshida. "Effects of Loading Speed and Shear Prestrain on Adhesive Fatigue Strength in Single-Lap Joint." In Engineering Plasticity and Its Applications, 1479–84. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-433-2.1479.

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Bjelopoljak, Amila, Petar Tasić, Murčo Obućina, and Ismar Hajro. "The Effect of Test Temperature on Lap Shear Test Results of Two-Component Epoxy/Metal Adhesive-Bonded Aluminum." In Advanced Technologies, Systems, and Applications III, 537–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02577-9_52.

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Ghamarian, Nima, M. A. Azmah Hanim, M. Nahavandi, Ali Ourdjini, Zulkarnain Zainal, and H. N. Lim. "Effect of Ag on the Mechanical Properties of Bi–Ag Solder Alloys by the Single-Lap Shear Test Method." In TMS 2019 148th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 645–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05861-6_62.

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Wu, Xun, Hui Li, and Xin Yuan. "Shear-lag effect in a prestressed continuous rigid frame bridge." In Progress in Civil, Architectural and Hydraulic Engineering IV, 565–68. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19383-115.

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Modi, Deep, Paresh V. Patel, and Digesh Joshi. "Study of shear lag effect in a hybrid structural system for high-rise buildings." In Technology Drivers: Engine for Growth, 153–58. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203713143-23.

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Furbish, David Jon. "Turbulent Boundary-Layer Shear Flows." In Fluid Physics in Geology. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195077018.003.0019.

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Turbulent shear flows next to solid boundaries are one of the most important types of flow in geology. In such flows, turbulence is generated primarily by boundary effects; vorticity originates near a boundary in association with the velocity gradients that arise from the no-slip condition at the boundary. Such gradients provide a ready source of vorticity for eddies and eddy-like structures to develop in response to the destabilizing effects of inertial forces, and then move outward into the adjacent flow. Eddies are also generated within the wakes of bumps that comprise boundary roughness, for example, sediment particles on the bed of a stream channel (Example Problem 11.4.2). As we have seen in Chapter 14, the fluctuating motions of turbulence involve, over any elementary area, fluxes of fluid momentum that are manifest as apparent (Reynolds) stresses. In addition, the complex motions of eddies and eddy-like structures efficiently advect heat and solutes from one place to another within a turbulent flow, and thereby facilitate mixing of heat and solutes throughout the fluid. For similar reasons, turbulent motions are responsible for lofting fine sediment into the fluid column of a stream channel and in the atmosphere. We will concentrate in this chapter on steady unidirectional flows where the mean streamwise velocity varies only in the coordinate direction normal to a boundary and the mean velocity normal to the boundary is zero. We also will adopt a classic treatment of turbulent boundary flow in developing the idea of L. Prandtl’s mixing-length hypothesis, from which we will obtain the logarithmic velocity law, a function that describes how the mean streamwise velocity varies in the coordinate direction normal to a boundary. In developing Prandtl’s hypothesis, we will see that the presence of apparent stresses associated with fluctuating motions leads to the idea of an eddy viscosity or apparent viscosity. Unlike the Newtonian viscosity, the eddy viscosity is a function of the mean velocity, and therefore coordinate position. This means that the eddy viscosity cannot, in general, be removed from stress terms involving spatial derivatives, as we previously did with the Newtonian viscosity in simplifying the Navier–Stokes equations.
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Conference papers on the topic "Shear lag effect"

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Yaping, Wu, Su Qiang, Zhu Yanfeng, Lin Lixia, and Guo Chunxiang. "Nonlinear Computation of Shear Lag Effect of Box Beam." In 2010 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence (AICI). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aici.2010.313.

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Lu, Hai Lin, Zheng Tang, Heng Cai, and Xiao Long Zhou. "Negative shear lag effect of simply supported curved box girder." In 6th International Conference on Information Engineering for Mechanics and Materials. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icimm-16.2016.11.

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Yang, Hongtao, Rui Li, and Zhiqiang Chen. "Curve analysis of shear lag effect of box girder bridge." In 2015 International Conference on Materials, Environmental and Biological Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mebe-15.2015.177.

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Duan, Shukun, JinYang Gao, Yiwei Gu, Jiansheng Fan, and Yufei Liu. "A review of research progress on shear lag effect of bridges." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0070.

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<p>Shear lag effect is a structural effect that must be considered in bridge design. In this paper, the theoretical research progress such as the elastic analytical method, the energy variational method and the bar simulation method of the shear lag effect are reviewed. The factors affecting the shear lag effect and the effective flange width are discussed, the span width ratio is the main factor. The calculation methods of effective flange width according to American, European and Chinese codes are introduced. Based on an engineering case, the results of different specifications are compared with the finite element analysis results, and the inadequacies of the current design specifications are pointed out. The problems of shear lag effect and engineering design methods in the future need to be focused are discussed, including the development of finite element method, experimental research and practical design methods.</p>
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Lei, Cong, Junliang Tian, Suisheng Li, Yingjie Guo, and Wenjuan Liu. "Parameter Analysis on shear lag effect of composite girder with steel truss webs." In 2016 International Forum on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ifeesd-16.2016.39.

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Zhai, Zhipeng, Yaozhuang Li, and Wei Guo. "The shear-lag effect of thin-walled box girder under vertical earthquake excitation." In 11TH ASIAN CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL SENSORS: (ACCS2015). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4977382.

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Singh, G. J., S. Mandal, and R. Kumar. "Effect of Column Location on Plan of Multi-Story Building on Shear Lag Phenomenon." In Eighth Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-8012-8_324.

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Moharana, Sumedha, and Suresh Bhalla. "Modelling of shear lag effect for piezo-elstodynamic structure for electro-mechanical imedance technique." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Jerome P. Lynch. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2084266.

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Chusheng He. "Model experimental study of shear lag effect on the girder of a cable-stayed bridge." In 2011 International Conference on Electric Technology and Civil Engineering (ICETCE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetce.2011.5774669.

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Yao, L. L., P. F. Li, and S. Wan. "Finite element analysis on shear lag effect of the test model of Chaoyanggou Reservoir Bridge." In The 5th International Conference on Civil Engineering and Urban Planning (CEUP2016). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813225237_0068.

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Reports on the topic "Shear lag effect"

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Kusiak, Chris, Mark D. Bowman, and Arun Prakash. Legal and Permit Loads Evaluation for Indiana Bridges. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317267.

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According to federal law, routine commercial vehicles must adhere to certain limits on their load configuration in order to operate legally on interstate highways. However, states may allow for heavier or different load configurations provided that bridges on the state and county highway system are load rated and, if necessary, posted with vehicles that appropriately represent these loads. The state of Indiana allows several classes of vehicles to operate with loads that exceed federal limits, and, presently, several LFD design loads are used to represent these exceptions as state legal loads. This study evaluates the MBE rating loads for their ability to encompass Indiana’s exception vehicles and recommends a set of state rating loads which can replace the current state legal loads and, combined with the MBE rating loads, satisfactorily encompass the load effects due to these exceptions. Comparing moment and shear envelopes on a representative set of bridges, the MBE rating vehicles were found to be insufficient for representing Indiana’s exception vehicles. Three new rating loads are proposed which encompass the exception vehicles efficiently and represent realistic legal loads. Conversely, acceptable HS-20 rating factors are also provided as an alternative to the adoption of these new vehicles. These rating factors, all 1.0 or greater, can ensure a similar level of safety by requiring a specific amount of excess capacity for the HS-20 design load.
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