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Journal articles on the topic 'Shear loading'
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1
McCarron, W. O., J. C. Lawrence, R. J. Werner, J. T. Germaine, and D. F. Cauble. "Cyclic direct simple shear testing of a Beaufort Sea clay." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 32, no. 4 (1995): 584–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t95-061.
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Results are presented for undrained direct simple shear tests on a Beaufort Sea cohesive soil. Monotonic and one-way cyclic loading response characteristics are identified for a number of loading scenarios. The critical level of repeated loadings (CLRL) is determined for two overconsolidation ratios from tests having 30 000 cycles of loading. Postcyclic strength tests indicate that one-way cyclic loadings not causing failure have a strain-hardening effect on the material. High strain-rate testing is found to increase soil strength by as much as 40% compared with typical testing strain rates. Key words : strength, cyclic testing, clay, simple shear, strain rate.
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Chen, Qiong, Deshan Cui, Qingbing Liu, and Xianyu Tao. "Effect of Local Cyclic Loading on Direct Shear Strength Characteristics of Shear-Zone Soil." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (2022): 13024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122413024.
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The reservoir landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) often suffers from local cyclic loading scenarios produced by surge waves, groundwater level fluctuation, traffic loading, and seismic activity. However, the effects of local cyclic loading on the shear resistance of the shear-zone of the reservoir landslide are poorly understood. This study experimentally investigates the effects of local cyclic loading on the shear strength and the deformation of shear-zone material using cyclic direct shear tests. A series of cyclic direct shear tests are performed with different normal stresses, cyclic periods, and numbers of cycles. The experimental results indicate that: (1) Compared with monotonic loading, local cyclic loading can significantly decrease the shear stress of shear-zone soil. (2) Shear-zone soil exhibits greater volumetric contraction under local cyclic loading conditions than that under monotonic loading. (3) Under different vertical stresses, the differentiation of shear deformation after 40 cycles of loading was slight and virtually insignificant. The research results reveal the weakening law of the mechanical strength of shear-zone soil under local cyclic loading, which provides a foundation for investigating the mechanism of the reservoir landslide under the fluctuation of water levels.
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Chen, W. R., and L. M. Keer. "Mixed-Mode Fatigue Crack Propagation of Penny-Shaped Cracks." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 115, no. 4 (1993): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2904231.
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A three-dimensional penny-shaped crack under combined tensile and shear loadings is analyzed. The assumptions of Dugdale are applied to estimate the effects of plasticity around the edge of the crack. The solution for mode I tensile loading is well established within the context of the Dugdale assumptions, and for the case of shear loading, approximate results are derived for the yield ring width and crack sliding displacements, with the assumptions similar in form to the mode I case. By superposing the results of the tensile and shear loading, the solutions for a penny-shaped Dugdale crack under mixed mode static loading and modified for the analysis of fatigue crack growth. Based on the mixed mode Dugdale model and the accumulated plastic displacement criterion for crack growth, a fatigue crack growth equation with four-power effective stress intensity factor dependence is developed for a penny-shaped crack under conditions of mixed mode loading and small-scale yielding.
4
Somraj, Amornthep, Kazunori Fujikake, and Bing Li. "Study on Dynamic Shear Resistance of RC Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 566 (June 2014): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.566.211.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic shear failure behavior of RC beams under rapid loading through an experimental study and also to set up a strut-and-tie model with loading rate effect to predict the dynamic shear resistance of RC beams. Thus, rapid loading test with 24 RC beams with a shear span-to-deep ratio of 1.9 was performed, in which shear reinforcement ratio and loading rate were variable. All of the RC beams exhibited shear compression failure. Although the shear resistance increases with increasing loading rate, the influence of loading rate on the shear resistance clearly depends on shear reinforcement ratio. The strut-and-tie model with loading rate effect was finally developed, in which the thickness of the compression strut was formulated to be increased with an increase in loading rate. The developed strut-and-tie model was good agreement with the experimental results.
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Li, Qing Fen, Li Zhu, Friedrich G. Buchholz, and Sheng Yuan Yan. "Computational Analysis of the AFM Specimen on Mixed-Mode II and III Fracture." Key Engineering Materials 452-453 (November 2010): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.452-453.173.
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Some results of 3D finite element analyses of the all fracture modes (AFM) specimen on mixed-mode II and III fracture are presented in this paper. The computational fracture analysis is based on the calculation of separated strain energy release rates (SERRs) along the crack front by the modified virtual crack closure integral (MVCCI)-method and the commercially available FE-code ANSYS. Calculation results show that under pure in-plane shear loading (mode II), not only the mode II, but also the mode III loading conditions, are generated owing to the Poission’s ratio effects. Similarly, under pure out-of-plane shear loading (mode III), besides the mode III, the mode II loading conditions are induced due to the global deformation. Nevertheless, once in-plane and out-of-plane shear loadings are superimposed, the fracture behavior appears more complex. Further discussion is given associate with some previous study.
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Zhai, Minglei, Haibo Bai, and Luyuan Wu. "Shear Slip Instability Behavior of Rock Fractures under Prepeak Tiered Cyclic Shear Loading." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (October 22, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8851890.
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In this paper, shear displacement properties of rock fractures were studied, and the energy evolution process was analyzed before sliding instability under complex shear loading paths. The artificial prefabrication method was used to simulate the natural rock fractures, which are difficult to obtain in the natural environment. The prepeak tiered cyclic loading tests under constant normal loading were performed on six rock specimens with fractures by rock direct shear apparatus (RDS-200). To obtain the stress difference of adjacent cycles, the direct shear test was conducted on the other six rock specimens with fractures before the prepeak tiered cyclic shear loading test. The variation trend of residual shear displacement (RSD) and the similarity of loading and unloading curves before slip instability were obtained by analyses of prepeak tiered cyclic shear loading test data. Energy evolution laws of rock fractures were analyzed with the consideration of the hysteresis characteristics, according to the hysteresis effect of shear displacement behind shear stress. This paper provides guidance for the study on shear instability of rock fractures under complex loading paths.
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Kang, Moon Ki. "Shear Resistance of CIP Anchors under Dynamic Loading: Unreinforced Anchor." Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction 26, no. 1 (2014): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7781/kjoss.2014.26.1.011.
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Kang, Moon Ki. "Shear Resistance of CIP Anchors under Dynamic Loading: Reinforced Anchor." Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction 26, no. 1 (2014): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7781/kjoss.2014.26.1.021.
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Fabrikant, V. I. "Flat crack under shear loading." Acta Mechanica 78, no. 1-2 (1989): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01173996.
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Fukuda, Takashi, Shotaro Sanuki, Masaki Miyakawa, and Kazunori Fujikake. "Influence of Loading Rate on Shear Failure Resistance of RC Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.229.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic shear failure behavior of RC beams under rapid loading through an experimental study. Thus, rapid loading test for 48 RC beams was performed, in which shear span-to-depth ratio, shear reinforcement ratio and loading rate were variable. The RC beams exhibited diagonal tension failure, shear compression failure and flexural failure depending mainly on the shear span-to-depth ratio and the shear reinforcement ratio. The influence of loading rate on the maximum resistance is more significant for the RC beams failed in shear than for those failed in flexure.
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Nie, Ruifeng, Jinfeng Yao, and Songhui Li. "SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF CONTINUOUS CONCRETE GIRDER BRIDGES SUBJECTED TO RANDOM TRAFFIC LOADS CONSIDERING FLEXURAL-SHEAR COUPLED FAILURE." Stavební obzor - Civil Engineering Journal 32, no. 4 (2023): 479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/cej.2023.04.0036.
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Bridges generally perform complicated mechanical behaviors under external loads, such as flexural-shear coupling, compression-bending coupling, and flexural-shear-torsion coupling. In the context of deterministic design approaches such as design codes, these complicated coupled issues are generally simplified to the safety verification of bridge components under a single mechanical state (i.e. flexural, shear, torsion). At present, the rapid development of sensor and information technologies makes it possible to collect the external loads acted on bridges and understand bridge performance under these stochastic external loads. In this manner, the reliability-based full probabilistic approach could be applied to investigate the performance of bridges over their lifetime. However, the current bridge reliability assessment incorporating realistic traffic load measurements mainly focuses on the analysis of bridge components under a single mechanical state. In this paper, a reliability-based probabilistic analytical framework of the flexural-shear performance of girder bridges under random traffic loading is established. The flexural-shear coupled failure path of bridge girders under random traffic loading is characterized for the first time, where the bivariate extreme value theory is incorporated to develop the extreme value distribution of combined flexural and shear load effects. The modified compression field theory recommended by AASHTO is employed to establish the coupled flexural-shear coupling resistances. Finally, the reliability of the flexural-shear performance of bridge girders is evaluated by solving the multivariate ultimate limit state equation. The proposed analytical framework is applied to a realistic bridge. The results show that the reliability index of the flexural-shear coupling evaluation is lower than that of the flexural or shear evaluation, which highlights the importance of the flexural-shear performance checking in the reliability assessment of bridges under random traffic loading. The proposed analytical framework could be further applied to the probabilistic assessment of bridge components subjected to combined loading mechanisms under random loadings.
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Lebo, Zachary J., and Hugh Morrison. "Dynamical Effects of Aerosol Perturbations on Simulated Idealized Squall Lines." Monthly Weather Review 142, no. 3 (2014): 991–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00156.1.
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Abstract The dynamical effects of increased aerosol loading on the strength and structure of numerically simulated squall lines are explored. Results are explained in the context of Rotunno–Klemp–Weisman (RKW) theory. Changes in aerosol loading lead to changes in raindrop size and number that ultimately affect the strength of the cold pool via changes in evaporation. Thus, the balance between cold pool and low-level wind shear–induced vorticities can be changed by an aerosol perturbation. Simulations covering a wide range of low-level wind shears are performed to study the sensitivity to aerosols in different environments and provide more general conclusions. Simulations with relatively weak low-level environmental wind shear (0.0024 s−1) have a relatively strong cold pool circulation compared to the environmental shear. An increase in aerosol loading leads to a weakening of the cold pool and, hence, a more optimal balance between the cold pool– and environmental shear–induced circulations according to RKW theory. Consequently, there is an increase in the convective mass flux of nearly 20% in polluted conditions relative to pristine. This strengthening coincides with more upright convective updrafts and a significant increase (nearly 20%) in cumulative precipitation. An increase in aerosol loading in a strong wind shear environment (0.0064 s−1) leads to less optimal storms and a suppression of the convective mass flux and precipitation. This occurs because the cold pool circulation is weak relative to the environmental shear when the shear is strong, and further weakening of the cold pool with high aerosol loading leads to an even less optimal storm structure (i.e., convective updrafts begin to tilt downshear).
13
MACHACEK, Josef, and Martin CHARVAT. "STUDY ON SHEAR CONNECTION OF BRIDGE STEEL TRUSS AND CONCRETE SLAB DECK." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 23, no. 1 (2016): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.976258.
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Longitudinal shear flow in the connection of a bridge steel truss upper chord and a concrete bridge slab is studied both in elastic and plastic stages of loading up to the shear connection collapse. First the distribution of the shear flow with an increasing level of loading is shown as resulted from 3D MNA (materially nonlinear analysis) using ANSYS software package and a former experimental verification. Nevertheless, the flow peaks in elastic stages above truss nodes due to local transfer of forces are crucial for design of the shear connection in bridges. Therefore a simple approximate 2D elastic frame modelling was suggested for subsequent extensive parametric studies. The study covers various loadings including the design loading of bridges and demonstrates importance of rigidity of the shear connection, rigidity of an upper steel truss chord and rigidity of a concrete deck. Temperature effects and a creep of concrete are also studied. The substantial part of the study deals also with concentration of shear connectors in the area of steel truss nodes and influence of the connector densification on distribution of the longitudinal shear along an interface of the steel truss chord and the concrete deck. Eurocode 4 approach and quest to find an optimum design of the shear connection in composite bridge trusses are discussed. Finally the resulting recommendations for a practical design are presented.
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Thomas, Ansu. "An Experimental Study on Shear Modulus of Alkali Activated GGBS Stabilised Soil." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1326, no. 1 (2024): 012124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1326/1/012124.
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Abstract The shear modulus of the alkali activated Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) stabilized soil is evaluated in the current study by conducting triaxial tests under cyclic loading. Stabilised soil samples were prepared and studied for shear modulus by varying the loading frequency, rate of loading and confining pressure. It is found that the shear modulus degradation is more prominent at lower confining pressure. For a confining pressure of 50Kpa, and cyclic shear strain amplitude of 0.2%, shear modulus degradation varies from 12% to 15.7% for an increase in loading frequency from 0.5Hz to 1.5Hz. Whereas for a confining pressure of 200Kpa, and cyclic shear strain amplitude of 0.2%, shear modulus degradation varies from 2.4% to 6.3% for an increase in loading frequency from 0.5Hz to 1.5Hz. Lateral support decreases the rate of degradation for the same loading frequency. With increase in cyclic shear strain from 0.2% to 0.8% as given in fig, rate of degradation increases from 6.8% to 30.7% for a confining pressure of 200KPa to 50kPa.
15
Meyer, L. W., E. Staskewitsch, and A. Burblies. "Adiabatic shear failure under biaxial dynamic compression/ shear loading." Mechanics of Materials 17, no. 2-3 (1994): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6636(94)90060-4.
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Zhang, Pei, Shijia Ding, and Kang Fei. "Research on Shear Behavior of Sand–Structure Interface Based on Monotonic and Cyclic Tests." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (2021): 11837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411837.
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In order to study the shear behavior of the interface between sand and structure, a series of shear tests were carried out using an HJ-1 ring shear apparatus (Nanjing, China). First, through the monotonic shear tests, the loose sand and dense sand were sheared at the steel interface with different roughnesses. The results showed that when the interface was relatively smooth, the shear stress–shear displacement curves of loose sand and dense sand both exhibit strain hardening characteristics. When the interface was rough, the dense sand showed strain softening. The initial shear stiffness of the sand–steel interface increased with the increase in normal stress, interface roughness, or sand relative density. Then, considering the influence of initial shear stress, through the cyclic shear test, this work analyzed the shape of the loading and unloading curves and the development law of cumulative normal deformation, and discussed the change of loading and unloading shear stiffness under different stress level amplitudes and the residual deformation generated during the cycle. The research results showed that loose sand and dense sand generally shrunk in volume during the cycle. The initial loading process was similar to the case of static loading. In the later dynamic loading process, the shear shrinkage per cycle was relatively small and continued to develop. Additionally, it was found that the unloading stiffness of the sand–steel interface is always greater than the initial loading stiffness. As the number of cycles increases, the loading stiffness increases, and it may eventually approach the unloading stiffness.
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Kondo, Atsushi, Yutaro Watanabe, Wataru Mikami, Yutaka Iwahori, Eiichi Hara, and Hisaya Katoh. "Micromechanical Analyses on Three-Dimensional Response of Compressive Failure in Unidirectional CFRP." Journal of Composites Science 9, no. 6 (2025): 265. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9060265.
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Significant reductions in the compressive strength of CFRP are attributed to a specific failure process, which is a combination of the compressive failure of fibers and the shear failure of the matrix. To further understand the mechanism of compressive failure, micromechanical numerical models were developed to reproduce the three-dimensional response, consisting of contraction by the compressive load and in-plane and out-of-plane shear deformation due to the rigid rotation of broken fibers. The feasibility of the model was confirmed by comparing the numerical results to theoretical results. The validated models were used to investigate the failure response under not only compressive loading but also in combination with in-plane and out-of-plane shear loadings. The variation in fiber misalignments and the strength of fibers were considered. The numerical model reproduced the trend of results from experiments in previous studies, in which the compressive strength of CFRP decreased with the increase in fiber misalignment. Moreover, the present results reveal that the ratio of in-plane and out-of-plane shear loadings is an important factor for the compressive strength and direction of shear deformation induced by compressive loading.
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Wang, Yuhao, Tong Dong, Hongxiao Dong, and Yuyu Fang. "The Effect of a Moving Boundary on the Shear Strength of Granular Materials in a Direct Shear Test." Symmetry 15, no. 9 (2023): 1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15091734.
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The boundary state significantly influences the soil shear strength. Therefore, it is necessary to overcome the limitations of existing indoor test instruments and determine the differences in the shear properties of granular materials to ensure the economic feasibility and mechanical integrity of engineering structures. In this study, the core formula for the direct shear test was derived from the static balancing analysis of the shear box, the external force on the specimen, and the internal force on the shear surface. Three loading methods were then developed by the staggered state of the upper and lower boxes: the upper box moving shear loading method (UM), the lower box moving shear loading method (LM), and the bidirectional moving shear loading method (BM). Finally, by manipulating the motion boundary, the discrete element method (DEM) was employed to simulate the shear test of granular materials. Among the three loading methods, the order of the peak shear stresses was as follows: UM > BM > LM. Moreover, the order of the sample post-peak stress uniformities was as follows: LM > BM > UM. A shear strength conversion formula was then proposed. The findings of this study promote the advancement of the shear mechanics theory of granular materials in direct shear testing and can serve as a scientific basis for the design and manufacture of shear equipment.
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Jiang, Yujing, Meng Li, Hengjie Luan, et al. "Discrete Element Simulation of the Macro-Meso Mechanical Behaviors of Gas-Hydrate-Bearing Sediments under Dynamic Loading." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 8 (2022): 1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081042.
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Under the action of dynamic loadings such as earthquakes and volcanic activities, the mechanical properties of gas-hydrate-bearing sediments will deteriorate, leading to a decrease in the stability of hydrate reservoirs and even inducing geological disasters such as submarine landslides. In order to study the effect of dynamic loading on the mechanical properties of hydrate sediments, triaxial compression tests of numerical specimens were carried out by using particle flow code (PFC2D), and the macro-meso mechanical behaviors of specimens were investigated. The results show that the loading frequency has a small effect on the stiffness of the hydrate sediment, while it has a large effect on the peak strength. The peak strength increases and then decreases with the increase in loading frequency. Under the same loading frequency, the peak strength of the hydrate sediment increases with the increase in loading amplitude, and the stiffness of the specimen decreases with the increase in loading amplitude. The maximum shear expansion of the specimen changes with the movement of the phase change point and the rearrangement of the particles. The maximum shear expansion of the specimen changes with the movement of the phase change point and the change of the bearing capacity of the particles after the rearrangement, and the more forward the phase change point is, the stronger the bearing capacity of the specimen in the plastic stage. The shear dilatancy angle and the shear dilatancy amount both increase linearly with the increase in loading amplitude. The influence of loading frequency and amplitude on the contact force chain, displacement, crack expansion, and the number of cementation damage inside the sediment is mainly related to the average axial stress to which the specimen is subjected, and the number of cracks and cementation damage of the sediment specimen increases with the increase in the average axial stress to which the sediment specimen is subjected. As the rate of cementation damage increases, the distribution of shear zones becomes more obvious.
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Chandra, Jimmy, Gata Milla, and Jonathan Aurelius Tambuna. "Evaluation of Shear-Flexure Interaction Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Wall." Civil Engineering Dimension 26, no. 1 (2024): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/ced.26.1.11-20.
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Reinforced concrete (RC) wall is a critical structural member that resists lateral loadings, such as earthquake and wind. RC wall having moderate height to length ratio, 1.50-2.50, has the altered shear-flexure interaction (SFI) behavior, so shear and flexural failure mechanisms occur almost concurrently. Therefore, an experimental study of a moderate RC wall was conducted as a comprehensive study of the wall’s coupled nonlinear shear-flexure behavior under cyclic loading. The experimental results show that the RC wall failed in flexure mechanism, indicated by crushing of the flexural compression zone, and followed by immediate shear failure, notified by the occurrence of web crushing. In addition to the experiment, an analytical model using SFI-MVLEM element in OpenSees software was performed to verify the experimental results. The analytical results show that the model is able to simulate reasonably well the coupled nonlinear shear-flexure behavior of the RC wall subjected to cyclic loading.
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Shah, A. J., and Vishisht Bhaiya. "Behavior of Building Frames under Tsunami Loading." International Journal of Geology and Earth Sciences 6, no. 3 (2020): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijges.6.3.35-38.
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The coastal population has increased significantly over the past several decades. The increased coastal population led to increased coastal development, which led in turn to great number of structures at risk from coastal hazards. In this study, a G+5 storey reinforced concrete building is analyzed for earthquake and tsunami considering different earthquake zones and different tsunami heights. Based on results, it is found that with the increase in earthquake zone number and tsunami height, values of response quantities of interest i.e. base shear, shear force in column, bending moment and insterstorey drift increases. However, the values of response quantities for tsunami is quite high as compared to earthquake loading.
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Ananda Rao, M., M. V. Pavan Kumar, and Lenka Srinu. "A comparative study on the rheological properties of coal water slurries using sodium tripoly-phosphate and carboxy-methyl-cellulose as dispersants." Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels 69, no. 3 (2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2021/27787.
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The effects of two anionic dispersants (polymeric-carboxy methyl cellulose: CMC and inorganic-sodium tripolyphosphate: STPP) on the rheological properties of coal water slurries (CWS) of varying solid loading were reported and compared. The rheological data was obtained in the shear rate range of 60-160 s<sup>-1</sup> and the data was fitted using power law model. For lower solid concentrations (10% and 20%), shear thickening behaviour was observed while shear thinning nature was seen for the higher solid loadings (30%,40% and 50%) for CWS with both the dispersants. For all slurries, an increase in flow behaviour index values was seen with the increase of dispersant loading. For CWS of 10% and 20% solid loadings, lower values of flow behaviour index was observed with CMC as dispersant. On the other hand, lower values for flow behaviour index was seen with STPP as dispersant for CWS of 30%, 40% and 50% solids loading. Although CMC was found very effective in reducing the apparent viscosity at lower dosages unlike STPP, the apparent viscosity values are quite sensitive to the loading of CMC as dispersant in comparison to STPP. This observed trend may be due to aggressively induced negative charges upon the adsorption of CMC on coal particles at the tested dispersant dosages.
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Hsu, Chao Ming, Ah Der Lin, Tsung Pin Hung, Wen Chun Chiu, and Jao Hwa Kuang. "Shear Toughness Evaluation of Solder Joints for the Reliability Tests." Applied Mechanics and Materials 311 (February 2013): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.311.467.
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The effects of isothermal aging and the thermal cycling loading on the shear toughness of different solder materials and ball sizes have been explored. The difference between shear toughness values of traditional Sn/37Pb eutectic solder ball joints and the lead free Sn/3.0Ag/0.5Cu solders are chosen for discussion. The experiment measurements under the ball shear test (BST) have been compared and studied for both solder joints. The fracture behaviors of the solder joints under the high temperature aging and thermal cycling testing are examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The variation of shear toughness of different ball joints reveals that the high temperature aging and thermal cyclic loading reduce the shear toughness significantly. The measured shear toughness values indicate that the Sn/3.0Ag/0.5Cu solder joints have better ductility for the joints undergoing the high temperature aging and the thermal cycle loadings. Based on the measured results, the better reliability for the Sn/3.0Ag/0.5Cu ball joints is expected, due to the aging and cycling load testing.
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Stanciu, Nicoleta-Violeta, Felicia Stan, and Catalin Fetecau. "Experimental Investigation of the Melt Shear Viscosity, Specific Volume and Thermal Conductivity of Low-Density Polyethylene/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites Using Capillary Flow." Polymers 12, no. 6 (2020): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061230.
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Understanding the flow behavior of polymer/carbon nanotube composites prior to melt processing is important for optimizing the processing conditions and final product properties. In this study, the melt shear viscosity, specific volume and thermal conductivity of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated for representative processing conditions using capillary rheometry. The experimental results show a significant increase in the melt shear viscosity of the LDPE/MWCNT composite with nanotube loadings higher than 1 wt.%. Upon increasing shear rates, the composites flow like a power-law fluid, with a shear-thinning index less than 0.4. The specific volume decreases with increasing pressure and nanotube loading, while the pVT transition temperature increases linearly with increasing pressure. The thermal conductivity of the LDPE/MWCNT composite is nearly independent of nanotube loading up to the thermal percolation threshold of 1 wt.% and increases linearly with further increases in nanotube loading, reaching 0.35 W/m·K at 5 wt.%. The Carreau–Winter and Cross viscosity models and Tait equation, respectively, are able to predict the shear viscosity and specific volume with a high level of accuracy. These results can be used not only to optimize processing conditions through simulation but also to establish structure–property relationships for the LDPE/MWCNT composites.
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Li, Zhenbao, Yanwei Cui, Kun Song, Hua Ma, and Zhenyun Tang. "The shearing performance of a beam-column joint in a reinforced concrete frame subjected to bidirectional loading." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 15 (2019): 3176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219859475.
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The anti-seismic capability of beam-column joints in reinforced concrete frame structures undergoing bidirectional loading may be lower than the designed capability for unidirectional earthquake action. To date, detailed calculation methods for the shear capability and shearing performance for joints in reinforced concrete frames subjected to bidirectional loading have not been reported. In this work, the shear mechanism of the beam-column joint in a reinforced concrete frame under bidirectional loading is analyzed. The study shows that when a synthetic shear force is imposed on the joint, the oblique compression zone comes into being at the corner of the joint, and the oblique compression strut is formed in the core area of the joint, which is different from the shear mechanism of the joint under unidirectional loading. A shear capacity calculation model is established based on the strut-and-tie model. Through the testing of reinforced concrete frame joints under bidirectional monotonous loading, the combined shear and deformation in the joint are obtained, the mechanical properties in each principal plane and in the combined shear action plane are analyzed, the shearing performance of the joints in a reinforced concrete frame under bidirectional loading is defined, and the shear contributions of hoop and column reinforcement are verified. The predicted values of the shear capability in this work are in good agreement with the reported experimental results.
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Rahat Rahman, Mohammad, Md Moshiur Rashid, Md Mashrur Islam, and Md Masum Akanda. "Electrical and Chemical Properties of Graphene over Composite Materials: A Technical Review." Material Science Research India 16, no. 2 (2019): 142–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/160208.
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Graphene is a material that has superior mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. It has drawn the attention of many scientific researchers for this purpose. In this paper, three different types of fillers, GNPs, MWCNTs and EG reinforced epoxy nanocomposites were mainly studied. Different shear mixing speeds and shear mixing times were considered during the study of the nanocomposites with 0.1 wt% loading of the fillers. The effects of various types of fillers and different shear mixing speeds and durations on mechanical and electrical properties of the final composites were examined. The GNPs-reinforced epoxy nanocomposite was the only one that showed a 13% improvement in elastic modulus as compared to pure epoxy when the shear mixing conditions were 3000 rpm for 2 hours. The research also studied the effects of different loadings of GNPs and the addition of acetone as a solvent on the final mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of the composites (with the fixed shear mixing speed and time). The tensile strength of the composites reduced drastically when the loading of GNPs increased while the elastic modulus shows some increase with the growth in GNP loading. The study found that GNPs reinforced composites did not show the percolation threshold even with 5 wt% (with the ratio to the weight of epoxy) loading of the GNPs. The GNPs-reinforced epoxy composites showed an 116% improvement in the thermal conductivity as compared to the pure epoxy samples when the GNPs loading was 5 wt%. The results from the studied literatures also showed that the samples prepared with the addition of acetone had higher thermal diffusivity than the samples prepared without acetone.
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Akama, Makoto. "Fatigue Crack Growth under Non-Proportional Mixed Mode Loading in Rail and Wheel Steel Part 1: Sequential Mode I and Mode II Loading." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (2019): 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102006.
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Fatigue tests were performed to estimate the coplanar and branch crack growth rates on rail and wheel steel under non-proportional mixed mode I/II loading cycles simulating the load on rolling contact fatigue cracks; sequential and overlapping mode I and II loadings were applied to single cracks in the specimens. Long coplanar cracks were produced under certain loading conditions. The fracture surfaces observed by scanning electron microscopy and the finite element analysis results suggested that the growth was driven mainly by in-plane shear mode (i.e., mode II) loading. Crack branching likely occurred when the degree of overlap between these mode cycles increased, indicating that such degree enhancement leads to a relative increase of the maximum tangential stress range, based on an elasto–plastic stress field along the branch direction, compared to the maximum shear stress. Moreover, the crack growth rate decreased when the material strength increased because this made the crack tip displacements smaller. The branch crack growth rates could not be represented by a single crack growth law since the plastic zone size ahead of the crack tip increased with the shear part of the loading due to the T-stress, resulting in higher growth rates.
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Wong, C. M., and W. K. Tso. "Seismic loading for buildings with setbacks." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 5 (1994): 863–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l94-092.
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Dynamic analysis is in general accepted as the best method to obtain the seismic load distribution for buildings with a setback. However, most building codes require the base shear obtained by dynamic analysis to be calibrated by the static base shear obtained using the code's equivalent static load procedure. In obtaining the code static base shear, two issues often arise among the design professionals. First, it is unclear whether the code static base shear is applicable for buildings with setbacks because the period prescribed by the code to be used in the base shear formula is in general not pertinent to buildings with setbacks. Second, it is uncertain whether the higher mode period should be used in computing the base shear when the modal weight of a higher mode is larger than that of the fundamental mode — a case often encountered in designing buildings with setbacks. This paper is an attempt to resolve the above issues. For the first issue, modification factors were derived for adjusting the code period formula so that it can provide a more reasonable estimate for the period of a building with a setback. For the second issue, it was demonstrated in this paper that for cases where the modal weight of a higher mode is larger than that of the fundamental mode, using the higher mode period for base shear calculation will result in unnecessarily conservative design. Key words: earthquake, seismic, irregular buildings, setback, dynamic analysis.
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Kim, J. M., S. W. Son, T. G. Ryu, and G. M. Soriano. "Effects of cyclic shear stress and average shear stress on the cyclic loading failure of marine silty sand." Lowland Technology International 17, no. 1 (2015): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14247/lti.17.1_19.
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Zhang, Zhong, Chun-Chi Ma, Tianbin Li, Tao Song, and Huilin Xing. "Numerical Simulation of Cracking Behavior of Precracked Rock under Mechanical-Hydraulic Loading." Geofluids 2020 (October 16, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8852572.
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The cracking behavior of precracked rocks under mechanical-hydraulic loading is of great significance in underground openings or petroleum engineering. In this study, an advanced in-house finite element code PANDAS proved to be effective in simulating coupled fracturing processes under complex geological conditions was used to simulate the cracking propagation of the precracked rocks under mechanical loading and mechanical-hydraulic loading with different strength parameters. The simulation results demonstrated that (1) the cracks initiate by the induced stresses, and multiple types of tensile cracks originate from the preexisting flaws; (2) crack propagation patterns under mechanical-hydraulic loading were studied with different strength parameters, and the multiple patterns of pure tensile, main tensile, tensile-shear, main shear, and pure shear were observed; and (3) the timing of hydraulic loading has a significant impact on the fracturing process: when hydraulic loading was carried out in the phase of main crack propagation, the tensile fracture was promoted and the shear fracture was inhibited; when hydraulic loading was carried out in the phase of shear crack propagation, the shear fracture and tensile fracture were stimulated. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results by previous studies. The research on the cracking behavior of precracked rocks under mechanical and hydraulic loading will expand the application prospect in the fields of coal seam gas reservoir and tunnel water inrush.
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Yan, Geng, Yanli Lin, Shuo Wang, et al. "Experiment for Measuring Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Steel Sheets under Cyclic Loading by V-Shaped Double-Shear-Zone Specimens." Materials 16, no. 13 (2023): 4645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16134645.
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The simple shear test shows significant advantages when measuring the hardening and shear properties of thin sheet metal at large strains. However, previous shear tests had an end effect caused by local stress concentration and a boundary effect caused by deformation overflow, resulting in non-uniform strain distribution in the shear zone. Therefore, a unique V-shaped double-shear-zone specimen is proposed to measure the Bauschinger effect under cyclic shear loading conditions in this paper. Simple shear experiments and three different types of cycle shear experiments are conducted to analyze the uniformity of deformation in the shear zone and the effect of pre-strain and the number of cyclic loads on the Bauschinger effect of Q890 high-strength steel sheets. The results indicate that the proposed V-shaped double-shear-zone specimen can still maintain uniform shear deformation in forward/reverse cyclic loading experiments, even at large strains. Q890 high-strength steel exhibits a significant Bauschinger effect, which is more pronounced with the increase in shear pre-strain and loading cycles. The results of this paper provide a new approach for studying the hardening characteristics under large strain and the mechanical properties under cyclic shear loading for metal sheets.
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Tsui, Po C., David M. Cruden, and Stanley Thomson. "Mesofabric, microfabric, and submicrofabric of ice-thrust bedrock, Highvale mine, Wabamun Lake area, Alberta." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 9 (1988): 1420–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-136.
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The fabric of the ice-thrust argillaceous bedrock from a shear zone was studied in hand specimens, under a polarizing microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The fabric included principal displacement shears, Riedel shears, conjugate sets of particle alignments, cutans, lithorelics, and aggregations which dense cores of randomly oriented groups of clay platelets wrapped by an external layer of oriented clay particles in a turbostatic arrangement. In addition, the bedrock has been disturbed by permafrost, cycles of loading and unloading, and weathering, causing the magnitude of deformation to vary within the ice-thrust shear zone.The fabric of the ice-thrust shear zone is similar to that of shear zones formed by tectonic activity and by laboratory shear tests, suggesting that all these shear zones were formed under conditions of similar kinematic restraint.
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Wang, Wei, Xiao Zu Su, and Yong Zhao. "Experimental Study on Interface Shear Capacity of Reinforecd Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 1678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.1678.
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Nine push-off specimens were designed, constructed, and tested. Test variables included reinforcement ratio of shear reinforcement, interface preparation, loading method and eccentricity of applied load. The failure pattern, hysteretic characteristic and degradation characteristic of capacity and stiffness of the specimens were analyzed. The effects of moment and cyclic reversed loading on interface shear capacity were studied. The results indicated that applied moment less than or equal to the flexural ultimate moment of shear plane has little influence on the interface shear capacity, and the effect of cyclic reversed loading on the interface shear capacity of new and existing concrete is bigger. The test value and the calculated value of current Code and Specification of China were compared. Results showed that the current JGJ 1-91 interface shear capacity provisions gave a very conservative estimate for interface shear capacity, while for the new and existing concrete interfaces under the action of cyclic reversed loading, the calculated value according to GB 50010-2002 tended to be unsafe.
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Naser, Mohannad, and Venkatesh Kodur. "Response of fire exposed composite girders under dominant flexural and shear loading." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 9, no. 2 (2018): 108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-01-2017-0022.
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Purpose This paper aims to present results from numerical studies on the response of fire exposed composite girders subjected to dominant flexural and shear loading. A finite element-based numerical model was developed to trace the thermal and structural response of composite girders subjected to simultaneous structural loading and fire exposure. This model accounts for various critical parameters including material and geometrical nonlinearities, property degradation at elevated temperatures, shear effects, composite interaction between concrete slab and steel girder, as well as temperature-induced local buckling. To generate test data for validation of the model, three composite girders, each comprising of hot-rolled (standard) steel girder underneath a concrete slab, were tested under simultaneous fire and gravity loading. Design/methodology/approach The validated model was then applied to investigate the effect of initial geometric imperfections, load level, thickness of slab and stiffness of shear stud on fire response of composite girders. Findings Results from experimental and numerical analysis indicate that the composite girder subjected to flexural loading experience failure through flexural yielding mode, while the girders under shear loading fail through in shear web buckling mode. Further, results from parametric studies clearly infer that shear limit state can govern the response of fire exposed composite girders under certain loading configuration and fire scenario. Originality/value This paper presents results from numerical studies on the response of fire exposed composite girders subjected to dominant flexural and shear loading.
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Christou, Georgios, Kevin Wolters, Jan Ungermann, Martin Classen, and Josef Hegger. "Combined Shear-Tension Loading of Composite Dowels in Cracked Concrete—Experimental Investigations and Design." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (2022): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031449.
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The importance of slim decks has led engineers to the exploration of high-strength materials and also of innovative shallow shear connectors, such as composite dowels in the case of composite constructions. Minimizing the overall slab depth often leads to composite girders being weakened by means of web openings that are necessary for installations such as ventilation ducts. Depending on the geometrical and loading conditions, some of the shear connectors are subjected to a combination of tensile and shear forces. However, the load-bearing behaviour of these connectors has only been rudimentarily investigated in the case of shear-tensile interaction. In addition, the load-bearing capacity of composite dowels under combined tensile and shear forces has not been investigated in cracked concrete. Earlier investigations under pure shear and pure tensile loading indicate a dependence of the connectors’ load-bearing behaviour on the crack width, so that under combined loading, a similar influence is expected. In this paper, experimental investigations on composite dowels in transversely cracked concrete under systematically varied shear-tension loading combinations are presented. Hereby, predefined crack widths and patterns were considered using a special test rig. Finally, a design approach for concrete failure of composite dowels under shear-tension loading is proposed based on the test results.
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Saifullah, Halwan Alfisa, Kenichiro Nakarai, Nobuhiro Chijiwa, Koichi Maekawa, and Stefanus Kristiawan. "Influence of Longitudinal Reinforcement Ratio on Shear Strength of RC Slender Beam Under Different Loading Rates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 897 (April 2020): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.897.91.
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. A primary current focus in concrete shear design is how to ensure the shear resistance of the concrete structures to withstand the possible adverse creep effects during the service life. All shear-carrying actions are supposed to depreciate due to the enhanced critical shear cracks under sustained loads. However, only a few studies that evaluated the performance of concrete structures failing in shear due to long-term loading. As the longitudinal tensile reinforcement strain influences the shear strength of RC beam, the shear resistance of the beam under sustained load may also be affected by the amount of longitudinal reinforcement. The present study aims at investigating the influence of flexural reinforcement ratio on the shear creep failures of reinforced concrete (RC) beams without stirrups by non-linear finite element analysis. In this study, the numerical model of RC beams with reinforcement ratios varying from 0.4% to 3.2% was evaluated under different loading rates. A loading rate of 1000 and 10000 times slower than the static loading rate were adopted to reveal the creep effects of RC beams.
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Yang, Yi, Zuodong Wu, Qianziyang Zhou, Jiahao Bai, and Xinyan Guo. "An Experimental Study on Shear Performance of Adhesive Interface between Steel Plates and CFRP." Stavební obzor - Civil Engineering Journal 31, no. 4 (2022): 561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/cej.2022.04.0042.
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CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) are widely used in steel structural reinforcement. For steel structures strengthened with CFRP, except the cases the structures have defects before strengthening, the adhesive interface is the weakest part and CFRP debonding is the most common failure mode. In order to investigate the failure mechanism of CFRP strengthened steel structures, this paper presents an experimental study on shear performance of adhesive interface between steel plate and CFRP by twin shear model. Six steel plates strengthened with CFRP are divided into two groups, one has no damage, another has a gap at the mid. The specimens are tested under tensile loadings. The study results show that, the plates with a gap failed for CFRPs debonding, the cracking loading and breaking loading are 14.85kN, and 17.88kN respectively; the strain-loading curves had long linear stages, two strains decrease and other strains of another side increased rapidly at the cracking loading, then they both rose until the plates failed.
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Klusák, Jan, D. Kopp, and Tomáš Profant. "Bi-Material Notches under Various Normal-Shear Loading Modes." Key Engineering Materials 577-578 (September 2013): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.577-578.361.
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In the range of linear elastic fracture mechanics, the critical loading assessment of structures made of two dissimilar materials is usually based on the assumptions of the prevailing normal mode of loading. However, in engineering practice there are cases of loading and failure close to the shear mode of loading. The aim of the work is to study the stress distribution in the vicinity of a bi-material notch subjected to a combination of normal and shear modes of loading. Then the stability criteria use knowledge of common fracture mechanics properties for normal I and shear II modes of loading. The assessment of crack initiation conditions is shown on a specimen with two different bi-material notches under loading of a varying direction.
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Ishikawa, Tatsuya, Etsuo Sekine, and Seiichi Miura. "Cyclic deformation of granular material subjected to moving-wheel loads." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 5 (2011): 691–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t10-099.
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This paper describes a new testing method to examine the mechanical behavior of railroad ballast subjected to repeated train passages on ballasted track. Two types of cyclic loading tests, namely a single-point loading test and a moving-wheel loading test, were performed with small-scale models of ballasted track. Next, a “multi-ring shear apparatus” was developed as a type of torsional simple shear apparatus, and the applicability of a newly proposed multi-ring shear test to an element test of railroad ballast subjected to moving-wheel loads was examined by comparing the results of multi-ring shear tests with those of small-scale model tests. As a result, it was recognized that cumulative strain obtained from multi-ring shear tests is almost equivalent to the one derived from small-scale model tests. Moreover, it was revealed that the difference between loading methods has a considerable influence on the cyclic plastic deformation of railroad ballast because settlement in a moving-wheel loading test was much larger than the one in a single-point loading test. These results lead to the conclusion that a multi-ring shear test has an excellent applicability to the estimation of deformation behavior of granular materials subjected to moving-wheel loads.
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Salah Hassan, Nabaa. "Cyclic Loading Response of Composite Corrugated Steel Plate Shear Walls - Smart Technic." Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences 14, no. 4 (2021): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2021.14411.
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The structural element within the whole structure contains structural elements like beams, slabs, columns and reinforced concrete walls. One of the most vertical structural elements is shear wall that built to giving stability to the building, resisting lateral force such as earthquake and wind and to reduce the building deformations. In present study, the analysis of corrugated vertical steel plate shear walls using finite element method by ABAQUS software is examined. Four different modes are analysed in which the first model is vertical corrugated steel shear wall plate, second is the composite shear wall with full interaction, third is the composite shear wall and finally the fourth model is composite shear wall with gap between concrete panel and steel frame to check out the full performance of different shear wall under the effects of cyclic loadings. Displacement, drift and energy dissipation will investigate throughout analysis. Analysis results indicated that the gap and composite action between steel and concrete panel play an important role on the performance of shear wall under cyclic loading. The decrease in displacement of composite shear wall as compared with the steel shear wall reach 11.86%.
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Fujikake, Kazunori, and Amornthep Somraj. "Dynamic Shear Resistance of RC Beams Based on Modified Compression Field Theory." Key Engineering Materials 711 (September 2016): 799–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.711.799.
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The aim of this study was to develop an analytical model to estimate the dynamic shear capacity of RC beams which may exhibit diagonal tension failure under impact and blast loadings. Thus, the modified compression field theory has been extended to dynamic loading in this study. The developed analytical model has been applied to the experimental results obtained from rapid loading tests of RC beams. As a result, the developed analytical model has been in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Yasuda, Nario, and Norihisa Matsumoto. "Comparisons of deformation characteristics of rockfill materials using monotonic and cyclic loading laboratory tests and in situ tests." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, no. 2 (1994): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-022.
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The deformation characteristics of rockfill materials at very small strains were investigated by comparing the results of monotonic and cyclic loading laboratory tests with geophysical P- and S-wave logging data from the field. Using a precision linear variable differential transformer for displacement, the elastic moduli of rockfill materials at very small strains were measured in monotonic and cyclic loading triaxial tests. The laboratory test results agreed well with the field results. The shear moduli of rockfill materials from both a monotonic loading torsional simple shear test and a cyclic loading torsional simple shear test also showed good correspondence. Furthermore, the shear modulus predicted from the in situ shear wave tests in rockfill dams corresponded reasonably well with the modulus in the large-scale triaxial tests in the laboratory. Key words : deformation characteristics, embankment dams, rockfill materials, laboratory test, in situ test.
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Pytlik, Andrzej. "Comparative Shear Tests of Bolt Rods Under Static and Dynamic Loading." Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 42, no. 2 (2020): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2019-0038.
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AbstractThis article presents the methodology and results of single shear tests of bolt rods under dynamic impact loading generated by means of a drop hammer. Comparative analysis was also performed for bolt rod load capacity, stress and shear work under static and dynamic (impact) loading. The developed method of single shear testing of bolt rods under impact loading makes it possible to obtain repeatable test results concerning maximum bolt rod shearing force, shear stress and shear work values.Comparative shear tests of four types of bolt rods under static and impact loading showed that the APB-type bolt rods made of AP770 steel, which was characterised by having the highest strength, exhibited the greatest shear work. AM22-type bolt rods exhibited a very similar work value. Though the AM22-type bolt rods made of A500sh steel demonstrated lower strength than the APB-type bolts, as well as a smaller diameter and cross section, they dissipated the impact energy better thanks to their higher plasticity. This could indicate the direction of optimisation for bolt rods in order to increase their impact strength.Mathematical relationships were also formulated for selected tests, describing the real single shear courses F d =f(t) of bolts under impact loading. The obtained relationships could be applied in the load assessment process of bolt rods intended for use under roof caving, tremor and rock burst conditions.
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Shuvalov, Aleksandr, Igor Gorbunov, and Mikhail Kovalev. "Anchorage strength and ductility in shear tests." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126302016.
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Article shows shear tests results for anchorage using bent foundation bolts 16, 24 and 36 mm in diameter and torque-controlled undercut anchors 12, 16 and 20 mm in diameter. Load-displacement diagrams were acquired for shear loads in static and dynamic cyclic tests in uncracked and cracked concrete. Cyclic loading pattern simulated seismic loads on anchors. Shear loading tests allowed to estimate influence of cracks and cyclic loading on strength and ductility of anchorage.
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Kim, Jang-Kyo, and Joo Hyuk Park. "Iosipescu Shear Test of Composite Joint Specimens in Tensile Loading." Advanced Composites Letters 4, no. 4 (1995): 096369359500400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359500400402.
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The stress field arising in tensile loading of the Iosipescu shear test is analyzed by means of finite element method. In a parametric study on a composite laminates-adhesive joint, the tensile loading method is shown more effective in creating a pure shear stress field with negligible normal stresses in the notched area than the conventional compressive loading method, although the maximum shear stress is marginally higher for the former method than the latter.
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Mastali, Mohammad, Joaquim Barros, and Isabel Valente. "Structural performance of hybrid sandwich slabs under shear loading." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 21, no. 3 (2017): 809–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217699660.
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In a hybrid panel with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bottom skin and ribs, and deflection hardening cementitious composites (DHCC) top layer, it is very important to provide good shear connection between these various components in order to increase the load carrying capacity of the resulting hybrid slabs and a larger increment of deflection before the occurrence of the structural softening of this panel. The effectiveness of the proposed hybrid sandwich panels strongly depends on the performance of the shear connectors. The efficiency of indented shear connectors in improving the flexural performance of hybrid sandwich panels is here demonstrated. Since the efficiency of indented shear connectors in the hybrid sandwich panels is unknown, efforts are made in this paper in investigating the shear performance of hybrid slabs. A special focus is given on the indented shear connector’s behavior, considering different shear span ratios in ranges of 2.00, 1.39, and 0.77. In this regard, six hybrid sandwich panels were manufactured and experimentally tested under different shear loads. Then, the results are interpreted comprehensively. The results obtained show that the GFRP rib thickness and height, and shear span ratios influence the damage events and the structural performance of the hybrid sandwich panels. Moreover, it was observed that using indented shear connectors in the hybrid slabs, regardless of the shear span ratios, provides high load capacity, high stiffness, and large residual deflection.
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R Urkude, C., P. G Atole, G. P Chavan, R. B Pawar, and D. W Gawatre. "A Review on High Rise Building with Shear Wall under Seismic Loading." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 11, no. 5 (2022): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr22501092434.
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Najim, Aseel N., Mohammed Y. Fattah, and Makki K. M. Al-Recaby. "Variation of Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils Subjected to Cyclic Loading at Different Rates of Loading." Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction 13, no. 3 (2024): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jcec.2024.13.3.134.
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There is a dearth of research on the cyclic vertical loading problem for cohesive soil, with the majority of studies conducted in commercial settings. The purpose of this work is to investigate the experimental effects of vertical cyclic compression stress on the undrained shear strength of clayey soil. To investigate the undrained shear strength of clays beneath shallow footings under cyclic loads at various rates, thirty-nine models have been put to the test. A brand-new compression device was produced with the ability to apply both cyclic and monotonic loading. Two footing shapes, three depths of foundation embedment, three undrained shear strengths, and three loading rates were tested. It was determined that following the cyclic load test, the soil's undrained shear strength increased in value. At the start of the test, there was a sharp rise in settlement. This indicates that in all models, the threshold stain is extremely tiny in the zones of cyclic amplitudes.
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Andersen, Knut H. "Bearing capacity under cyclic loading — offshore, along the coast, and on land. The 21st Bjerrum Lecture presented in Oslo, 23 November 2007This paper represents the written version of the 21st Bjerrum Lecture. While it has been edited for the present publication, it retains the general structure of the original lecture, which was intended for a general geotechnical audience. The Bjerrum Lecture is presented in Oslo in alternate years by the Norwegian Geotechnical Society with the support of the Bjerrum Memorial Fund (Laurits Bjerrums Minnefond)." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 46, no. 5 (2009): 513–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t09-003.
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Cyclic loading can be important for the foundation design of structures, both offshore, along the coast, and on land, and for the stability of slopes. This is illustrated by several examples. The paper discusses how soil behaves under cyclic loading, both for structures and for slopes, and shows that the cyclic shear strength and the failure mode under cyclic loading depend strongly on the stress path and the combination of average and cyclic shear stresses. Diagrams with the cyclic shear strength of clay, sand, and silt that can be used in practical design are presented. Comparisons between calculations and model tests indicate that foundation capacity under cyclic loading can be determined on the basis of cyclic shear strength determined in laboratory tests.
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Schmidt, Maximilian, Philipp Schmidt, Sebastian Wanka, and Martin Classen. "Shear Response of Members without Shear Reinforcement—Experiments and Analysis Using Shear Crack Propagation Theory (SCPT)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (2021): 3078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073078.
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The determination of the ultimate shear capacity and the identification of the corresponding load-carrying mechanisms of concrete members without shear reinforcement has been an ongoing research topic for over 100 years. Based on a full mechanical model, the Shear Crack Propagation Theory (SCPT) enables to analyze and understand the ever-changing interplay of crack propagation, evolution of stresses at the crack tip and in uncracked concrete parts, as well as the activation of shear transfer actions within the growing shear crack during the entire loading process. In this paper, selected experimental investigations for further validation of the SCPT are presented. These beam shear test results are then compared to the theoretical results emerging from the SCPT algorithm. Finally, the evolution of different shear transfer actions (e.g., aggregate interlock and dowel action) during the entire loading process is evaluated and discussed.