Relevant bibliographies by topics / Shear Modulus of Elasticity

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Shear Modulus of Elasticity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Shear Modulus of Elasticity"

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Cramer, Steven, David Kretschmann, Roderic Lakes, and Troy Schmidt. "Earlywood and latewood elastic properties in loblolly pine." Holzforschung 59, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2005.088.

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Abstract The elastic properties of earlywood and latewood and their variability were measured in 388 specimens from six loblolly pine trees in a commercial plantation. Properties measured included longitudinal modulus of elasticity, shear modulus, specific gravity, microfibril angle and presence of compression wood. Novel testing procedures were developed to measure properties from specimens of 1 mm×1 mm×30 mm from earlywood or latewood. The elastic properties varied substantially circumferentially around a given ring and this variation was nearly as large as the variation across rings. The elastic properties varied by ring and height, but while the modulus of elasticity increased with height, the shear modulus decreased with height. A strong correlation was found between modulus of elasticity and shear modulus, but only at low heights and inner rings. Specific gravity and microfibril angle were the strongest predictors of elastic properties and explained 75% of the variation in modulus of elasticity for latewood. Despite being the best predictors in this study, these parameters accounted for less than half of the variability of earlywood modulus of elasticity, earlywood shear modulus and latewood shear modulus.
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Yang, Jian, Donghua Liao, Jingbo Zhao, and Hans Gregersen. "Shear Modulus of Elasticity of the Esophagus." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 32, no. 9 (September 2004): 1223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1114/b:abme.0000039356.24821.6c.

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Deng, S. X., J. Tomioka, J. C. Debes, and Y. C. Fung. "New experiments on shear modulus of elasticity of arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 266, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): H1—H10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.266.1.h1.

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Although the mechanical properties of blood vessels have been studied extensively, the shear modulus of the blood vessel wall is still unknown. New data on the shear modulus of elasticity of rat arteries and its variation with axial stretch and blood pressure are presented. The data were obtained from a new instrument designed and constructed by us to perform simultaneous torsion, inflation, and longitudinal stretching tests. It was found under physiological conditions (pressure = 120 mmHg or 16 kPa; longitudinal stretch = 1.2 relative to zero-stress state), the shear modulus of normal rat thoracic aorta is G = 137 +/- 18 kPa. The difference of shear modulus at body temperature (37 degrees C) and room temperature (25 degrees C) is within 10%. The shear modulus varies significantly with changing longitudinal and circumferential strains in proportion to the strain energy due to these strains. A constitutive equation based on a pseudo strain energy function is proposed. The vessel wall is not transversely isotropic in the incremental sense. When the rat was subjected to high blood pressure due to constriction of its aorta, the shear modulus does not vary significantly with the length of time the animal was subjected to hypertension.
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Jorda, Johannes, Günther Kain, Marius-Catalin Barbu, Alexander Petutschnigg, and Pavel Král. "Influence of Adhesive Systems on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Flax Fiber Reinforced Beech Plywood." Polymers 13, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 3086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183086.

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In order to improve the acceptance of broader industrial application of flax fiber reinforced beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) plywood, five different industrial applicated adhesive systems were tested. Epoxy resin, urea-formaldehyde, melamine-urea formaldehyde, isocyanate MDI prepolymer, and polyurethane displayed a divergent picture in improving the mechanical properties—modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, tensile strength, shear strength and screw withdrawal resistance—of flax fiber-reinforced plywood. Epoxy resin is well suited for flax fiber reinforcement, whereas urea-formaldehyde, melamine urea-formaldehyde, and isocyanate prepolymer improved modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, shear strength, and screw withdrawal resistance, but lowered tensile strength. Polyurethane lowered the mechanical properties of flax fiber reinforced plywood. Flax fiber reinforced epoxy resin bonded plywood exceeded glass fiber reinforced plywood in terms of shear strength, modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture.
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Labašová, Eva. "Determination of Modulus of Elasticity and Shear Modulus by the Measurement of Relative Strains." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 24, no. 39 (December 1, 2016): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rput-2016-0021.

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Abstract This contribution is focused on determining the material properties (Young modulus and shear modulus) of the testing samples. The theoretical basis for determining material properties are the knowledge of linear elasticity and strength. The starting points are dependencies among the modulus of elasticity, shear modulus, normal stress and relative strain. The relative strains of the testing samples were obtained by measuring predefined load conditions using a strain-gauge bridge and the universal measurement system Quantum X MX 840. The integration of these tasks into the teaching process enhances practical and intellectual skills of students at secondary level technical universities.
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Prošek, Zdeněk, and Jaroslav Topič. "LONG-TIME INVESTIGATION OF CEMENT COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH MICRONIZED WASTE MARBLE POWDER: DYNAMIC MODULES." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 13 (November 13, 2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2017.13.0093.

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This article focus on “blended cement”. The blended cement was created by using waste marble powder (WMP) as a partial replacement for cement. We investigated the influence of WMP on the developing of the dynamic modulus of elasticity and the dynamic shear modulus in time. Four different cement composites with WMP as a partial replacement for cement were studied (5, 10, 15 and 50 wt. %) together with reference samples. Dynamic modulus of elasticity was monitored during the first 377 days since manufacture by use of non-destructive testing (resonance method). The results showed that WMP in a small amount had a no effect on the dynamic modulus of elasticity and the dynamic shear modulus.
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Miyamoto, Naokazu, and Kosuke Hirata. "Moderate Associations of Muscle Elasticity of the Hamstring with Hip Joint Flexibility." International Journal of Sports Medicine 40, no. 11 (August 19, 2019): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0981-7282.

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AbstractThe main purpose of the present study was to identify whether and to what extent the individual differences in range of motion and stiffness of the hip joint can account for that in muscle elasticity of the hamstring. Hip extension torque and shear moduli (a measure of elasticity) of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus were assessed in 21 young males during unilateral passive hip flexion in the knee-extended position from the anatomical position to the individual’s maximal hip flexion angle. Muscle shear modulus was quantified by using ultrasound shear wave elastography. The maximal hip flexion angle correlated negatively with the shear modulus of each muscle (−0.750 ≤ r ≤ −0.612). The joint stiffness correlated positively with the shear modulus of each muscle (0.711 ≤ r ≤ 0.747). These findings suggest that hip flexion ROM and joint stiffness can reflect significantly but only moderately the muscle elasticity of the hamstring.
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Völp, Annika R., and Norbert Willenbacher. "Shear modulus and yield stress of foams: contribution of interfacial elasticity." Soft Matter 17, no. 14 (2021): 3937–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm02246b.

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A general correlation of foam shear modulus G0 and yield stress τy with the interfacial elastic modulus of foaming solutions in shear and dilation E∞ was found for surfactant, block-copolymer, protein, food, and particle-stabilized foams.
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Yang, Peng, Hong Zhi Cui, and Wei Lun Wang. "Visco-Elasticity of Asphalt Mixture under Broad Temperature and Frequency." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.156.

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In this study, the improved model of CAM with clear parameter was introduced. The visco-elasticity of asphalt mixture under broad temperature and frequency was studied and the properties of asphalt mixture at high asphalt and low temperature of was described by fitting the parameters of CAM model. The four equations of CAM model can be utilized in analysis of visco-elasticity of asphalt mixture and the physical meaning of the parameters in equations was very clear; Through nonlinear curve fitting , the CAM model was found to overcome the defect of deviation from the start and the end fitting; For one kind of asphalt mixture, the complex shear modulus and storage shear modulus was higher in same frequency at lower temperature, and the elasticity was in dominant position significantly; At middle temperature, the modulus of asphalt mixture became smaller; At high temperature, although the modulus was lower, the elasticity was higher. At middle-high temperature, the modulus of asphalt mixture remained smaller and the ratio of elasticity was minimum value, and asphalt mixture was recognized as typical visco-elastic body and was destroyed easily by the deformation disease.
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Yu, Jing, Yongmei Zhang, Yuhong Zhao, and Yue Ma. "Anisotropies in Elasticity, Sound Velocity, and Minimum Thermal Conductivity of Low Borides VxBy Compounds." Metals 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11040577.

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Anisotropies in the elasticity, sound velocity, and minimum thermal conductivity of low borides VB, V5B6, V3B4, and V2B3 are discussed using the first-principles calculations. The various elastic anisotropic indexes (AU, Acomp, and Ashear), three-dimensional (3D) surface contours, and their planar projections among different crystallographic planes of bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Young’s modulus are used to characterize elastic anisotropy. The bulk, shear, and Young’s moduli all show relatively strong degrees of anisotropy. With increased B content, the degree of anisotropy of the bulk modulus increases while those of the shear modulus and Young’s modulus decrease. The anisotropies of the sound velocity in the different planes show obvious differences. Meanwhile, the minimum thermal conductivity shows little dependence on crystallographic direction.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Shear Modulus of Elasticity"

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Akhi, Taohida Parvin. "Experimental investigation of effective modulus of elasticity and shear modulus of brick masonry wall under lateral load." ISIS Canada Research Network, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/5304.

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The primary objective of this research program was to investigate the effective modulus of elasticity and shear modulus of brick masonry walls under lateral load, and to to justify using the Jaeger and Mufti method to calculate the effective modulus of elasticity and shear modulus of brick masonry walls. The experimental program involved the testing of three unreinforced brick masonry walls under in-plane and vertical loads. Linear Variable Differential Transducers were used to record the horizontal and vertical displacements of the walls. The experimental results were used to evaluate the modulus of elasticity and the shear modulus of walls under flexure. The experimental results were compared to the finite element analysis results. It was found that the finite element analysis yields similar results to the experimental results. It was also found that the Jaeger and Mufti method to calculate effective modulus of elasticity and shear modulus of brick masonry walls is effective for design purposes.
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Al-Darwash, Mustafa, and Emanuel Nuss. "Mechanical characterization of DuraPulp by means of micromechanical modelling." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43732.

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Södra DuraPulp is a relatively new eco-composite, made from natural wood fibers and polylactic acid (PLA), which comes from corn starch. Until now, there are only few applications for DuraPulp, mainly in the area of design. To find new fields of application, more knowledge about its mechanical material properties are of great interest.This study deals with characterizing the mechanical properties of DuraPulp in an analytical way by means of micromechanical modelling and evaluation with help of Matlab. The mechanical properties for PLA were taken from scientific literature. Not all properties of the wood fibers could be found in literature (particularly Poisson’s ratios were unavailable). Therefore, they partly had to be assumed within reasonable boundaries. These assumptions are later validated regarding their influence on the final product.Figures and tables were used to present and compare the in- and out-of-plane E-Moduli, shear moduli and Poisson’s ratios of DuraPulp. The calculated in-plane E-Moduli were then compared to those obtained from an earlier study, where DuraPulp was tested in tension. The results showed that experimental and analytical values are very similar to each other.
Södra DuraPulp är en relativt ny eco-komposit, tillverkat av naturliga trä fibrer och polylactic syra som kommer från majsstärkelser. I dagsläget finns det få användningsområden för DuraPulp, huvudsakligen används det inom design. För att expandera användningsområdet behövs det mer kunskaper angående de mekaniska egenskaperna för materialet. Studien handlar om att karakterisera de mekaniska egenskaperna för DuraPulp på ett analytiskt sätt i form av mikro-mekanisk modellering och evaluering med hjälp av Matlab. De huvudsakliga mekaniska egenskaperna för PLA kunde hämtas från flera vetenskapliga källor, men de motsvarande mekaniska egenskaperna för fibrer kunde inte alla valideras. Delvis antogs dem i rimliga gränser och deras inverkan validerades med hjälp av en parameter studie.Figurer och tabeller användes för att presentera och jämföra in- och ut-plan E-Moduler, skjuvmoduler och tvärkontraktionstalen av DuraPulp. De beräknade in-plan E-modulerna för DuraPulp jämfördes med motsvarande E-moduler från en tidigare studie där DuraPulp genomgick dragtest. Resultatet visade att analytiska och experimentella värden överensstämmer bra med varandra.
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Papazoglou, Sebastian. "Elucidation of isotropic and anisotropic shear elasticity of in vivo soft tissue using planar magnetic resonance elastography." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16136.

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Die Magnetresonanzelastographie (MRE) stellt ein nichtinvasives Verfahren dar, welches die Bestimmung der in vivo Scherelastizität weicher Gewebe ermöglicht. Im Rahmen diese Arbeit wurden Methoden zur Bestimmung isotroper und anisotroper Scherelastizitäten anhand von MRE Wellenbildern entwickelt und evaluiert. Alle in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Methoden basieren auf planarer MRE, d.h. auf der Aufnahme einer einzelnen Auslenkungskomponente innerhalb der Bildschicht. Dadurch wird die MRE erheblich beschleunigt. Allerdings stellen sich dadurch auch besondere Anforderungen an die Datenauswertung zur Bestimmung aussagekräftiger elastischer Kenngrößen. Anhand von planaren MRE-Experimenten an Gewebephantomen und menschlicher Skelettmuskulatur sowie mittels numerischer Simulation wird gezeigt, dass bei Beachtung weniger experimenteller Randbedingungen und einer darauf abgestimmten Datenauswertung, korrekte Elastizitäten ermittelt werden können. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt in der Analyse experimenteller Einflüsse wie Bildrauschen und -auflösung auf die ermittelten elastischen Kenngrößen. Des Weiteren werden Methoden zur Bestimmung anisotroper Elastizitäten sowie zur Analyse von Streueffekten im MRE-Wellenbild vorgestellt. Die behandelten Einflüsse auf die Amplituden und Wellenlängen im MRE-Bild, werden vergleichend diskutiert und zusammengefasst, um ein einfaches Verfahrensprotokoll zur Analyse experimenteller in vivo MRE-Daten zu entwickeln. Alle in dieser Arbeit verwendeten Methoden und Programme sind im Anhang zusammengefasst und auf Anforderung erhältlich.
Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a noninvasive method that allows the determination of in vivo shear elasticity of soft tissues. In this thesis methods for the determination of isotropic and anisotropic shear elasticities from MRE wave data were developed and evaluated. All methods presented in this work are based on planar MRE, i.e. they are based on the measurement of a single displacement component in the image plane. This way measurement time in MRE is greatly reduced. However, this imposes specific requirements on data evaluation in order to determine significant elastic constants. On the basis of planar MRE experiments on tissue mimicking gels, human skeletal muscle and numerical simulations it is demonstrated that correct shear elasticities can be determined, taking into account a small set of experimental boundary conditions as well as the employment of complementary data evaluation strategies. This thesis is particularly focussed on the analysis of noise and image resolution on the determined elastic constants. Moreover, methods for determining anisotropic elasticity and analyzing shear wave scattering effects on MRE wave data are introduced. The investigated influences on wave amplitudes and wave lengths are compared and discussed to develop a simple measurement protocol for the evaluation of in vivo MRE data. All methods employed in this work are summarized in the appendix along with the corresponding computer code, which is available on demand.
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You, Therese. "Negative energy elasticity and a model for the behavior of the residual strain in doubly cross-linked gels fabricated by shear strain." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Polymerkemi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-420125.

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Doubly cross-linked gels were fabricated based on tetra-poly(ethylene glycol) (Tetra-PEG) by shear strain. These are gels with two network structures present in the same polymeric network. The second network structure is introduced by applying a mechanical field to the first natural network structure. These doubly cross-linked gels indicated a negative energy elasticity supporting earlier findings where the energy elasticity was found significantly negative for Tetra-PEG gel. Acquired results indicate implications for past research on the elasticity of polymer gels where the energy contribution was approximated to zero. Obtained results also indicated that the modulus of rigidity for the doubly cross-linked gels is constant regardless of applied shear strain during fabrication. This would indicate that the same second network structure is formed for the interval of 25-800% applied shear strain. The residual strain for the fabricated gels can be well-described using an exponential fitting of the apparent shear modulus of the first network structure and an expression derived from the two-network theory and classic rubber theory. These theories also seem to predict the experimental residual strains for lower strain regions (<100%) quite well. However for larger strain regions (>100%) non-linear effects seem to affect the results causing a deviation. A slight increased modulus of rigidity was noted for the doubly cross-linked gels compared to the regular Tetra-PEG gel. However as the reproducibility of the concluded measurements could not be confirmed during this thesis the results are not conclusive and only indicate the conclusions mentioned above.
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Amin, Diyar. "Triaxial testing of lime/cement stabilized clay : A comparison with unconfined compression tests." Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-160626.

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Detta examensarbete presenterar resultat från en laboratoriestudie på en lera från Enköping stabiliserad med kalk och cement. I laboratoriet har isotropiskt konsoliderade odränerade aktiva triaxialförsök utförts på provkroppar och jämförts med enaxliga tryckförsök som utförts på provkroppar från samma inblandningstillfälle. De två metoderna har visat sig ge likvärdiga värden på utvärderad odränerad skjuvhållfasthet. Elasticitetsmodulen har däremot visat sig vara mycket högre för triaxialförsöken än enaxliga tryckförsök. För triaxialförsöken har förhållandet mellan sekantmodulen och den odränerade skjuvhållfastheten legat mellan 112-333. För de enaxliga tryckförsöken ligger förhållandet mellan sekantmodulen och den odränerade skjuvhållfastheten inom intervallet 44-146. Inget mönster har dock kunnat urskiljas då förhållandet mellan de två olika försöken har varierat mellan 1,0-3,5. Ett lägre och högre back pressure användes under triaxialförsöken. Till skillnad från tidigare studier har dock båda dessa back pressures vattenmättat provkroppen. Resultaten visar på att back pressure inte påverkar testresultaten, förutsatt att provet blivit fullt vattenmättat. Utöver denna jämförelse har ytterligare passiva triaxialförsök utförts. De passiva triaxialförsöken har utförts som isotropiskt konsoliderade odränerade försök.. Däremot har två olika metoder använts under skjuvningsfasen. I första typen av försök har den axiella spänningen minskats medan den radiella spänningen har hållits konstant. I den andra typen av försök har i stället den radiella spänningen ökats samtidigt som den axiella spänningen har hållits konstant. Skjuvhållfastheter har jämförts med resultat från kalkpelarsondering i fält och visar på att skjuvhållfastheten genomgående varit högre i fält än i laboratoriet. Dessutom har skjuvhållfastheter och elasticitetsmoduler testats efter olika lagringstider genom enaxliga tryckförsök.
This master thesis presents results from a laboratory study on a clay from Enköping which was stabilized with lime and clay. Isotropic consolidated undrained compressive tests were performed on samples and compared to unconfined compressive testing. The two methods have shown no difference in the evaluation of undrained shear strength. However the modulus of elasticity was shown to be much higher for the triaxial tests. For the unconfined compressive tests the relation between the undrained shear strength and secant modulus was within the range of 44-146. The equivalent for the triaxial tests was in the interval of 112-333. However no pattern was extinguishable between the two tests as this relation has varied between 1,0 to 3,5. A lower and higher back pressure was used during the triaxial testing. However, both back pressures have succeeded in saturating the sample. Results show that the back pressure has little effect on the results, as long as the sample has been fully saturated. In addition to this extension tests were performed on samples as well. The tests performed were isotropic consolidated undrained. However two different shearing methods were used. The first test was strain rate dependant while the second test was stress rate dependant. In the first test the vertical stress decreased while the radial stresses were kept constant, while in the other test the radial stresses increased while the vertical stress were kept constant. The undrained shear strength was compared to lime/cement column penetration tests in field. Results showed that tests in field show a much higher undrained shear strength than laboratory testing.
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Harrison, S. Kate. "Comparison of Shear Modulus Test Methods." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31772.

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This research compared the results of three tests: ASTM D 198 torsion, ASTM D 198 three-point bending and the five-point bending test (FPBT) using machine-stress-rated (MSR) lumber and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) to determine if the shear properties evaluated by the different test methods were equivalent. Measured E:G ratios were also compared to the E:G ratio of 16:1 commonly assumed for structural wooden members.

The average shear moduli results showed significant differences between the three test methods. For both material types, the shear moduli results determined from the two standard test methods (ASTM D 198 three-point bending and torsion), both of which are presently assumed to be equivalent, were significantly different.

Most average E:G ratios from the two material types and three test methods showed differences from the E:G ratio of 16:1 commonly assumed for structural wooden members. The average moduli of elasticity results for both material types were not significantly different. Therefore, the lack of significant difference between moduli of elasticity terms indicates that differences between E:G ratios are due to the shear modulus terms.

This research has shown differences in shear moduli results of the three test types (ASTM D 198 torsion, ASTM D 198 three-point bending, and the FPBT). Differences in the average E:G ratios per material and test type were also observed.
Master of Science

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Ip, Felix. "Compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of masonry prisms." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0019/MQ48451.pdf.

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Ip, Felix (Mong Kau Felix) Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Civil and Environmental. "Compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of masonry prisms." Ottawa, 1999.

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Vukovic, Nikola. "Comparison of laboratory and field modulus of elasticity of rocks." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/MQ44047.pdf.

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Bhattacharjee, Chandan. "Bayesian prediction of modulus of elasticity of self consolidated concrete." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2467.

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Books on the topic "Shear Modulus of Elasticity"

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Li, Jian. Simplified data reduction methods for the ECT test for mode III interlaminar fracture toughness. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.

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Shaker, Atif F. The effective modulus of elasticity of concrete in tension. Edmonton, Alta., Canada: Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada, 1991.

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Pan, N. The initial shear modulus of a unit cell of wool fibres. Christchurch: Wronz, 1988.

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K, Kokula Krishna Hari, ed. Determination of Modulus of Elasticity of Hybrid composite material with reinforcement of Coconut coir: ICIEMS 2014. India: Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties, 2014.

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Dutt, Pravir. A spline-based parameter estimation technique for static models of elastic structures. Hampton, Va: ICASE, 1986.

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Lee, Hosin David. Validation of the mix design process for cold in-place rehabilitation using foamed asphalt. Iowa City, Iowa: Public Policy Center, University of Iowa, 2007.

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Bansal, Narottam P. Solid state synthesis and properties of monoclinic celsian. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Escudier, Marcel. Fluids and fluid properties. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719878.003.0002.

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In this chapter it is shown that the differences between solids, liquids, and gases have to be explained at the level of the molecular structure. The continuum hypothesis makes it possible to characterise any fluid and ultimately analyse its response to pressure difference Δ‎p and shear stress τ‎ through macroscopic physical properties, dependent only upon absolute temperature T and pressure p, which can be defined at any point in a fluid. The most important of these physical properties are density ρ‎ and viscosity μ‎, while some problems are also influenced by compressibility, vapour pressure pV, and surface tension σ‎. It is also shown that the bulk modulus of elasticity Ks is a measure of fluid compressibility which determines the speed at which sound propagates through a fluid. The perfect-gas law is introduced and an equation derived for the soundspeed c.
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Property evaluation of LTM25 composite materials. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1996.

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1940-, Wolfenden Alan, ASTM Committee E-28 on Mechanical Properties., ASTM Committee E-28 on Mechanical Properties. Task Group E28.03.05 on Dynamic Modulus Measurements., and Symposium on Dynamic Modulus Measurements (1988 : Kansas City, Mo.), eds. Dynamic elastic modulus measurements in materials. Philadelphia, PA: ASTM, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Shear Modulus of Elasticity"

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Birman, Michael Sh, and Tat’yana A. Suslina. "Absolute Continuity of the Spectrum of the Periodic Operator of Elasticity Theory for Constant Shear Modulus." In Nonlinear Problems in Mathematical Physics and Related Topics II, 69–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0701-7_4.

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Keaton, Jeffrey R. "Shear Modulus." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 830–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73568-9_256.

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Keaton, Jeffrey R. "Shear Modulus." In Selective Neck Dissection for Oral Cancer, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_256-1.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Shear Modulus." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 657. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_10529.

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Lüttschwager, Nils Olaf Bernd. "Modulus of Elasticity." In Raman Spectroscopy of Conformational Rearrangements at Low Temperatures, 127–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08566-1_6.

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Keaton, Jeffrey R. "Modulus of Elasticity." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 666. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73568-9_205.

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Keaton, Jeffrey R. "Modulus of Elasticity." In Selective Neck Dissection for Oral Cancer, 1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_205-1.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Modulus of Elasticity." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 467. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_7589.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Complex Shear Modulus." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 161. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2737.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Modulus in Shear." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 467. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_7588.

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Conference papers on the topic "Shear Modulus of Elasticity"

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Salavatian, M., and L. V. Smith. "Shear Modulus Degradation in Fiber Reinforced Laminates." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63035.

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Matrix damage, involving transverse and shear cracks, is a common failure mode for composite structures, yet little is known concerning their interaction. A modified Iosipescu coupon is proposed to study the evolution of the shear and transverse damage and their mutual effects. The layup and coupon geometry were selected in a way that controls the severity of the damage and allows the measurement of shear and transverse stiffness degradation directly. The results were compared to material degradation models where damage was dominated by matrix failure. While positive agreement was generally observed in the transverse direction, no model was able to predict the observed shear damage. A new elasticity solution was, therefore, proposed for the shear stress-strain field of a transversely cracked laminate. The approach used a classical shear lag theory with friction applied to the crack surfaces. Using the constitutive relations, the shear modulus reduction was found as a function of crack density, and showed good agreement with experimental measures.
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Amador, Carolina, Matthew W. Urban, Shigao Chen, and James F. Greenleaf. "Acoustic Radiation Force Creep and Shear Wave Propagation Method for Elasticity Imaging." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87622.

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Elasticity imaging methods have been used to study tissue mechanical properties and have demonstrated that tissue elasticity changes with disease state. Quantitative mechanical properties can be measured in a model independent manner if both shear wave speed and attenuation are known. However, measuring shear wave speed attenuation is challenging in the field of elasticity imaging. Typically, only shear wave speed is measured and rheological models, such as Kelvin-Voigt, Maxwell and Standard Linear Solid, are used to solve for shear viscoelastic complex modulus. Acoustic radiation force has been used to study quasi-static viscoelastic properties of tissue during creep and relaxation conditions, however, as with shear wave propagation methods, a rheological model needs to be fit to the creep or relaxation experimental data to solve for viscoelastic parameters. This paper presents a method to quantify viscoelastic properties in a model-independent way by estimating complex shear elastic modulus over a wide frequency range using time-dependent creep response induced by acoustic radiation force. The acoustic radiation force induced creep (RFIC) method uses a conversion formula that is the analytic solution of the constitutive equation relating time dependent stress and time dependent strain. The RFIC method in combination with shear wave propagation is used to measure the complex shear modulus so that knowledge of the applied radiation force magnitude is not necessary. Numerical simulation of creep strain and compliance using the Kelvin-Voigt model shown that the conversion formula is sensitive to sampling frequency, the first reliable measure in time and the long term viscosity approximation. Experimental data are obtained in homogeneous tissue mimicking phantoms and excised swine kidneys.
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Palmeri, Mark L., David Xu, Michael Wang, and Kathryn Nightingale. "Quantitative Images of Elastic Modulus Using Tissue Dynamics in the Region of Impulsive Acoustic Radiation Force Excitation." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12695.

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Focused, impulsive, acoustic radiation force excitations can generate shear waves with microns of displacement in tissue. The speed of shear wave propagation is directly related to the tissue’s shear modulus, which can be correlated with tissue pathology to diagnose disease and to follow disease progression. Shear wave speed reconstruction has conventionally been measured over spatial domains that are spatially-offset from the region of excitation (ROE). While these methods are very robust in clinical studies characterizing large, homogeneous organs, their spatial resolution can be limited when generating quantitative images of shear elasticity. The ROETTP algorithm measures time-to-peak (TTP) displacements along the axis-of-symmetry in the ROE of an impulsive acoustic radiation force excitation. These TTP displacements are inversely proportional to shear stiffness and are dependent on the excitation-beam geometry. Lookup tables (LUTs) specific to an excitation/displacement tracking transducer configuration were generated from simulated data, and shear stiffnesses were estimated from experimental data as a function of depth using the LUTs. Quantitative ROETTP shear elasticity images of spherical inclusions in a calibrated tissue-mimicking phantom have been generated. Shear wave reflections and interference can lead to an underestimation of the absolute reconstructed shear modulus (20–25%), but the ratio of absolute shear stiffnesses is well-preserved (3.3 vs. 3.5).
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Chippada, Uday, Xue Jiang, Lulu Li, Rene Schloss, Bernard Yurke, and Noshir Langrana. "Simultaneous Determination of E, G and ν of Soft Hydrogels Using Theory of Elasticity." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-204684.

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Hydrogels have been used as substrates by many researchers in the study of cellular processes. The mechanical properties of these gels play a significant role in the growth of the cells. Significant research using several methods like compression, indentation, atomic force microscopy and manipulation of beads has been performed in the past to characterize the stiffness of these substrates. However, most of the methods employed assume the gel to be incompressible, with a Poisson’s ratio of 0.5. However, Poisson’s ratio can differ from 0.5. Hence, a more complete characterization of the elastic properties of hydrogels requires that one experimentally obtain the value of at least two of the three quantities: Poisson’s ratio, shear modulus, and elastic modulus.
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Beconcini, Maria Luisa, Paolo Cioni, Pietro Croce, Paolo Formichi, Filippo Landi, and Caterina Mochi. "Influence of shear modulus and drift capacity on non-linear static analysis of masonry buildings." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0876.

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<p>In nonlinear static analysis of masonry buildings, the hysteric behaviour of masonry walls is commonly idealized through a bi-linear resistance envelope defined by the lateral stiffness of the wall, the ultimate shear resistance and the ultimate inter-storey drift. Therefore, it becomes fundamental to properly set the modulus of elasticity and shear modulus for masonry as well as to properly evaluate the drift capacity of the walls.</p><p>In the paper, the combined influence of shear modulus and drift capacity definition on the assessment of seismic performance of masonry buildings is investigated in details by means of a simplified non-linear pushover type algorithm developed by the authors. In particular, two different definitions are considered for the drift capacity, in terms of ductility and in terms of percentage of the inter-storey height, while for the shear modulus a reasonable set of values is investigated according a database collected combining masonry test results available in the relevant scientific literature with an in situ experimental campaign carried out by the authors.</p><p>The results show how the variation in shear modulus can lead to conflicting outcomes for the evaluation of seismic performance of masonry buildings depending on the assumed definition of drift capacity.</p>
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Liu, Mao, and W. D. Zhu. "Controlling Out-of-Plane Shear Wave Propagation With Broadband Cloaking." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-12156.

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Abstract A major challenge in designing a perfect invisibility cloak for elastic waves is that density and elasticity tensors need to be independent functions of its radius with a linear transformation medium. The traditional cloak for out-of-plane shear waves in membranes exhibits material properties with inhomogeneous and anisotropic shear moduli and densities, which yields a poor or even negative cloaking efficiency. This paper presents design of a cylindrical cloak for shear waves based on a nonlinear transformation. This excellent broadband nonlinear cloak only requires variation of its shear modulus, while the density in the cloak region remains unchanged. The nonlinear ray trajectory equation for out-of-plane shear waves is derived and a parameter to adjust the efficiency of the cylindrical cloak is introduced. Qualities of the nonlinear invisibility cloak are discussed by comparison with those of a cloak with the linear transformation. Numerical examples show that the nonlinear cloak is more effective for shielding out-of-plane shear waves from outside the cloak than the linear cloak and illustrate that the nonlinear cloak for shear waves remains highly efficient in a broad frequency range. The proposed nonlinear transformation in conjunction with ray trajectory equations can also be used to design nonlinear cloaks for other elastic waves.
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Salman, Muhammad, Conghui Ge, and Clint Morris. "Spatial Variations in Achilles Tendon Shear Wave Speed Using a Cost-Effective Method of Accelerometers." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11001.

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Abstract Currently there are no cost-effective ways to quantitatively measure the in-vivo mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon. Stiffness can be used as a measure of tone and mechanical integrity of both muscles and tendons. Stiffness of the Achilles tendon (AT) can be quantified by the speed of shear wave propagation. The speed of propagation can then be used to find the instantaneous shear modulus. Currently there are other methods such as Ultrasound (US) imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) which are used clinically to determine the variations in stiffness of the AT. However, these methods require complex signal processing and experienced technicians. Moreover, US imaging technique is limited in measuring high shear wave speed values which are greater than 17 m/s. In this research, one-dimensional accelerometers were used to measure acceleration through the AT. Then a cross-correlation signal processing technique was used to convert acceleration to the velocity of shear wave propagation across the AT. This method could potentially evaluate the mechanical properties of both normal and damaged tendons. This process has proven to be a cost-effective and simple way to assess the stiffness of the AT. The modulus of elasticity (E) was found using the following relation: E = 3ρV2.
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Yang, Zhenning, Carlton L. Ho, Richard Joy, and Nandan C. Dabhade. "Influence of Water Content on the Behavior of Partially Saturated Fouled Ballast." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5724.

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The water content of fouled ballast is important when considering the shear strength and deformability of the ballast, and therefore critical in evaluating whether the track is at risk of excessive deformations warranting a speed restriction order. Fouled ballast from northeastern United States was tested in the laboratory to assess changes in shear strength and deformability as a function of water content. X-ray fluorescence analysis determined that the fouling material was 95% by weight basalt in origin. No more than 5% of the fouling material could be attributed to the abraded concrete ties. The field capacity of the fouled ballast was measured to be at a water content of 10%. Freezing and thawing tests indicated that approximately 4% of mass loss could be expected as a result of 25 freeze/thaw cycles. 6-inch triaxial tests, TX-CIDC, were conducted on the ballast at water contents between dry and field capacity (10%). As the ballast was partially saturated, volume change was measured using circumferential string potentiometers. The water content had an influence on the shear strength and the modulus of elasticity of the fouled ballast. The Mohr-Coulomb friction angle decreased from 47.3° for the dry ballast to 42.5° for the field capacity ballast. The Mohr-Coulomb cohesion decreased from 3.38 psi to nearly zero with initial addition of water, but increased to 6.18 psi as the water content reached field capacity. This is likely attributable to changes in capillary tension of the partially saturated fouling material. The average shear strength, Mohr-Coulomb friction angle, Mohr-Coulomb cohesion, modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio all showed weakening and strengthening effect by addition of water.
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Leisk, Gary G., Anil Saigal, and J. M. Pereira. "Application of the Transfer Function for Measuring Ultrasonic Wave Speed in Engineering Materials." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-368.

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Ultrasonic testing is used in determining mechanical properties such as modulus of elasticity, shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio, in characterizing microstructures, and in detecting flaws. One application of ultrasound, known as acoustoelasticity, involves the measurement of ultrasonic wave speed in solid materials as a function of applied stress. Due to the high resolution that is required, a type of phase-slope analysis technique known as the transfer function technique is introduced as an alternative to the popular cross-correlation technique for measuring ultrasonic wave speed. Time delay results from software-simulated sinusoidal waveforms and measurements of the acoustoelastic response of aluminum 6061-T6 and stainless steel show that significant improvement in resolution and reduction in calculation time can be achieved by using the transfer function technique.
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Oungoulian, Sevan R., Kelvin Chan, Jason Barritt, Casey A. McDonald, Alan B. Copperman, David Elad, and Gerard A. Ateshian. "Influence of Zona Pellucida Area Expansion Stiffness on the Passive Response of Oocytes to Osmotic Loading." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53826.

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The zona pellucida (ZP) is a thick glycoprotein shell surrounding the mammalian egg cell (oocyte) that regulates spermatozoa access during fertilization and protects the zygote during early embryonic development [1]. Hardening of the zona pellucida over the cell fertilization cycle is a well-recognized phenomenon and has been investigated using contact methods to measure shear and bending elasticity from indentation and micropipette aspiration [2, 3]. However, the area elasticity of the ZP, which provides resistance to cell swelling under variable osmotic environments, has not yet been reported. A recently devised theoretical model [4] suggests that the ZP area expansion modulus may be determined through non-contact hypo-osmotic loading of the oocyte. If successful, this method may be suited for implementation by practicing fertility health professionals during routine manipulation.
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Reports on the topic "Shear Modulus of Elasticity"

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Carter, Austin D., and S. Elhadj. Modulus of Elasticity and Thermal Expansion Coefficient of ITO Film. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1325877.

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Becker, R. Tantalum Shear Modulus from Homogenization of Single Crystal Data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/925669.

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Swift, D. Analytic fits to atom-in-jellium shear modulus predictions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1660525.

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Preston, Dean Laverne, Leonid Burakovsky, Sky K. Sjue, and Diane Elizabeth Vaughan. IC W15_thermoelasticity Highlight: Shear modulus and melting curve of Be. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1337134.

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Verrill, Steve P., Frank C. Owens, David E. Kretschmann, and Rubin Shmulsky. Statistical models for the distribution of modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture in lumber with implications for reliability calculations. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-rp-692.

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Lodge, Arthur S. A New Method of Measuring Multigrade Oil Shear Elasticity and Viscosity at High Shear Rates,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada190145.

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Chang, Y. W., and R. W. Seidensticker. Dynamic characteristics of Bridgestone low shear modulus-high damping seismic isolation bearings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10181217.

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Wells, Beric E., Jeromy WJ Jenks, Gregory K. Boeringa, Nathan N. Bauman, Anthony D. Guzman, P. Arduino, and P. J. Keller. Lateral Earth Pressure at Rest and Shear Modulus Measurements on Hanford Sludge Simulants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1009768.

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Burakovsky, Leonid, Daniel Blaschke, and Dean Preston. IC W20_thermoelasticity Highlight: Dynamic strength - shear modulus scaling for tantalum at extreme pressures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1766974.

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Shives, T. Robert, and Richard J. Fields. Modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio for types 17-4 PH and 410 stainless steels in compression. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4671.

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