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Journal articles on the topic 'Sheath Voltage'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Manish, Kumar, and Uddin Ahmad Ameen. "Mixed Bonding Method of High Voltage Cable." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 1, no. 5 (2017): 564–670. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd2348.

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In three single phase high voltage underground cable induce voltages and currents in their sheaths. The sheath induced currents are undesirable and generate power losses and reduce the cable ampacity whereas the induced voltages can generate electric shocks to the workers that keep the power line. This means that when dealing with three single phase high voltage underground cable, it is very important to know the sheath currents called circulating currents that can circulate throughout the sheath and sheath voltage of the cables. It is very useful to know their values and the technique to reduce the sheath voltage of the high voltage Cable. This study presents as technique known as Mixed bonding technique combination of cross bonding and single point bonding to reduce the sheath voltage of the long length cable route. Manish Kumar | Ameen Uddin Ahmad "Mixed Bonding Method of High Voltage Cable" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2348.pdf

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Phanthurat, Surasak, and Apibal Pruksanubal. "Sheath Voltages and Currents in 230kV Oil-Filled Underground Power Cables." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.276.

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Three-phase underground power cables can induce voltages and currents in their recover sheaths. The induced voltages and currents in sheath are undesirable. They generate heat losses and reduce the cable ampacity. Moreover, the induced voltages can generate electric shock to the workers, who maintain the power cables. It is very important to predict the sheath voltages and currents, which depend on different parameters, such as the sheath grounding system, the geometry of the cables, the gap between them, etc. In this paper, the voltages and currents induced in sheath for different installation of underground power cables (trefoil and flat formation) are studied and presented. For each case study of installation, the results of sheath voltages and currents have been computed and compared. Finally, the case of cross bonding with increasing of cable spans can reduce the sheath voltage significantly.

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Abed, Mahmood Natiq, Osamah Abdulsalam Suhry, and Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim. "Simulation of sheath voltage, losses and loss factor of high voltage underground cable using MATLAB/Simulink." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 1 (2022): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp200-215.

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<p>In this paper, 22 equations for high voltage cable sheaths are simulated in one model. The model outputs are represented by cable sheath voltages, circulating currents, losses and factors, eddy currents, losses, and factors in both tides laying states (trefoil and flat) when grounding the sheaths from a single point, two points, or cross-link. These values depend on the cable manufacturing's specific factors. The other factors affecting these values are specific to the laying and operation: the load current, the length of the cable to be laid out, the spacing between the cables, and the power frequency. This research aims to reduce or eliminate the losses of the cable sheath. These two types of currents cause losses that may sometimes equal the losses of the conductor of the cable carrying the load current. Which reduces the capacity of the cable and reduces the heat dissipation of the cable into the soil and damages it. Electricians are at risk of electrocution due to the high voltages of the sheaths when there is no current in the sheaths. Therefore, these currents and voltages must be eliminated by making a new model that studies the effect of all these factors on them.</p>

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Mahmood, Natiq Abed, Abdulsalam Suhry Osamah, and Ahmed Ibrahim Mohammed. "Simulation of sheath voltage, losses and loss factor of high voltage underground cable using MATLAB/Simulink." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 1 (2022): 200–215. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp200-215.

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In this paper, 22 equations for high voltage cable sheaths are simulated in one model. The model outputs are represented by cable sheath voltages, circulating currents, losses and factors, eddy currents, losses, and factors in both tides laying states (trefoil and flat) when grounding the sheaths from a single point, two points, or cross-link. These values depend on the cable manufacturing's specific factors. The other factors affecting these values are specific to the laying and operation: the load current, the length of the cable to be laid out, the spacing between the cables, and the power frequency. This research aims to reduce or eliminate the losses of the cable sheath. These two types of currents cause losses that may sometimes equal the losses of the conductor of the cable carrying the load current. Which reduces the capacity of the cable and reduces the heat dissipation of the cable into the soil and damages it. Electricians are at risk of electrocution due to the high voltages of the sheaths when there is no current in the sheaths. Therefore, these currents and voltages must be eliminated by making a new model that studies the effect of all these factors on them.

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Wu, Rui, Weilin Zou, Jie Yuan, et al. "Comparison of Methods for Suppressing Circulating Current in Metal Sheath of Cables Connected in Parallel." Energies 16, no. 11 (2023): 4265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16114265.

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The number of high-voltage parallel cables is rapidly increasing. The alternating magnetic field generated by the working current of power cable cores induces voltage in the adjacent metal sheath; if the sheath and earth form a circuit, the metal sheath will create a circulating current, resulting in a reduction in the load capacity of power cable and the life of cable insulation. This paper uses MATLAB to construct a model for calculating the circulating current of cables connected in parallel in the same phase, and the effects of cable arrangement, phase sequence, and loop distance of cables connected in parallel on the sheath circulating current are investigated. The induced voltage in power cable sheaths is decomposed into two components, i.e., the component resulting from the core current and the component resulting from the metal sheath. Two new sheath connection methods are proposed to suppress the sheath circulating current. Compared with traditional cross-connection grounding, the proposed methods can reduce the coupling degree between loops, thus decreasing the induced voltage and circulating current. The different grounding methods of the sheath are modeled in the environment of an electromagnetic transient program (EMTP), and the sheath circulating current is simulated and compared with the conventional cross-connection grounding method. In the asymmetric arrangement, the proposed series connection method can reduce the sheath circulating current by at least 50%; however, its increases the sheath circulating current in the symmetric arrangement.

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Asif, Mansoor, Ho-Yun Lee, Kyu-Hoon Park, and Bang-Wook Lee. "Accurate Evaluation of Steady-State Sheath Voltage and Current in HVDC Cable Using Electromagnetic Transient Simulation." Energies 12, no. 21 (2019): 4161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214161.

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The current and voltage in High Voltage DC (HVDC) line is not pure DC but contain superimposed ripple components. The current ripple in core of HVDC cable magnetically induces a voltage in the sheath, whereas the voltage ripple causes the flow of charging current from core to sheath. The knowledge of sheath voltage is necessary to ensure compliance with the specification of utility companies. In this work, we have reported that the models available in commercial Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) simulation software erroneously introduce a DC bias in steady-state sheath voltage and sheath current. We have also demonstrated that by removing the DC bias accurate steady-state evaluation of sheath voltage and sheath current is possible. Additionally, we have analyzed the sheath voltage and currents in HVDC cable considering different cable lengths and sheath grounding schemes. It has been found that grounding the sheath at the terminal of HVDC cable can limit the sheath voltage to acceptable levels without causing substantial joule loss in the sheath.

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Li, Xinran, Simin Zhang, Lincong Chen, et al. "A Study on the Influence of End-Sheath Aging and Moisture Absorption on Abnormal Heating of Composite Insulators." Coatings 12, no. 7 (2022): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12070898.

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Abnormal heating of composite insulators of high-voltage transmission lines concentrate at its end, especially in a high-humidity environment. In order to study the influence of end-sheath aging and moisture absorption on abnormal heating of composite insulators, in this paper, we first discuss the appearance test, temperature rise test, and dielectric characteristic test conducted on 110 kV decommissioned composite insulators. Test results indicated the temperature rise in composite insulators increased with ambient humidity, but temperature rise was not severely affected by surface contamination of its shed and sheath; in dry environments, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor of high-voltage end sheaths are higher than of those of medium- and low-voltage end sheaths, and the loss effect becomes more severe after moisture absorption in a high-humidity environment. After the tests, the authors established a COMSOL simulation model of composite insulators, to analyze changes in the electric field and thermal field of the end sheath of composite insulators due to the coupling of electric and thermal fields. It was concluded that the dielectric constant of a high-voltage end sheath of the composite insulator increased after moisture absorption, distorting the partial electric field on the surface; meanwhile, the dielectric loss factor increased significantly after water molecules intruded into the aging layer of the sheath as polar molecules. Therefore, the dielectric loss (leakage conductance loss and lossy polarization loss) caused by aging and moisture absorption of the sheath surface under partially high field strength in the high-humidity environment was the leading cause of abnormal heating at the high-voltage end of composite insulators. The conclusion of this paper serves as an important reference for revealing the causes of abnormal heating of composite insulators in high-humidity environments and the influence mechanism of external factors on abnormal heating.

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Xing, Yunqi, Yixuan Wang, Jiakai Chi, Haoliang Liu, and Jin Li. "Study on Improving Interface Performance of HVDC Composite Insulators by Plasma Etching." Coatings 10, no. 11 (2020): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111036.

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High-voltage direct-current composite insulators are faced with various challenges during operation, such as creeping discharge, umbrella skirt damage, abnormal heating and insulator breakage. Among them, the aging of the interface between the core rod and the sheath is one of the important causes of composite insulator failure. In order to improve the electrical resistance of the composite insulator interface, this study uses plasma etching to modify the surface of the glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin plastic to prepare the high-voltage direct-current composite insulator core rod–sheath samples. By analyzing the surface morphology of the epoxy resin, static contact angle and surface charge transfer characteristics, the control mechanism of the plasma etching treatment on the interface bonding performance and leakage current of composite insulator core rod–sheath samples were studied. The results show that proper etching time treatment can improve the trap energy level distribution and microstructure of epoxy resin and increase the discharge voltage along the surface; chemical bonding plasma etching can improve the interfacial bonding performance of core rod–sheath samples sheaths, reduce the leakage current of composite insulator core rod–sheath samples sheath specimens and improve their interfacial performance.

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Ye, Haoqiang, Jiong Fang, Chengzhu Wang, Qifang Han, Menglong Hu, and Zhenguo Yue. "Research on Key Technology of 110/220 kV High Voltage Smooth Aluminum Sheath Cable." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2503, no. 1 (2023): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2503/1/012029.

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Abstract In order to solve the problem of frequent body and buffer layer discharge ablation of Corrugated Aluminum Sheath XLPE cable in China, in this paper, the discharging principle and influencing factors caused by corrugated aluminum sheathed cables are analyzed, and a smooth aluminum sheathed cable design scheme to slow down the discharge ablation phenomenon is proposed. Furthermore, the production process of smooth aluminum sheath high voltage cable is deeply studied, and the integrated new process production line is designed. The nano-mold drawing process of the aluminum sheath (Compact Wheel Diameter Reduction), the multi-layer co-extrusion process of the anti-corrosion layer (Hot Melt Adhesive), the outer sheath and the conductive layer are developed, the buffer layer structure is optimized, and a number of technologies such as wire cloth are added. Finally, the application and technical effect of the smooth aluminum sheath are analyzed, which provides a reference for the production and practical engineering application of the smooth aluminum sheath technology.

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Kohno, H., and J. R. Myra. "Radio-frequency wave interactions with a plasma sheath in oblique-angle magnetic fields using a sheath impedance model." Phys. Plasmas 26 (December 1, 2018): 022507. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1667247.

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The physics of interactions between waves in plasmas and sheaths for background magnetic fields which make oblique angles with sheath surfaces is studied with the use of the self-consistent finite element code rfSOL incorporating the recently developed sheath impedance model [J. R. Myra, Phys. Plasmas <strong>24</strong>, 072507 (2017)]. The calculation based on this model employs the generalized sheath boundary condition (sheath BC), which surpasses the previously used capacitive sheath BC in reliability by taking into account the contributions of the ion and electron currents in the sheath and the displacement current. A series of numerical simulations is carried out in two-dimensional slab geometry with a flat or curved sheath surface as part of the boundary. It is shown that the sheath–plasma wave appears when the equilibrium magnetic field line angle with respect to the sheath surface is small, the absolute value of the radio-frequency (RF) sheath voltage is large, and the plasma density is slightly higher than the lower hybrid resonance density (LHR density), all of which bring the sheath property closer to being capacitive. It is also shown that the sharp variation of the magnetic field line angle along the sheath surface can sensitively affect the maximum absolute value of the RF sheath voltage at a plasma density slightly lower than the LHR density.

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Czapp, Stanislaw, and Krzysztof Dobrzynski. "Safety Issues Referred to Induced Sheath Voltages in High-Voltage Power Cables—Case Study." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (2020): 6706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196706.

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Load currents and short-circuit currents in high-voltage power cable lines are sources of the induced voltages in the power cables’ concentric metallic sheaths. When power cables operate with single-point bonding, which is the simplest bonding arrangement, these induced voltages may introduce an electric shock hazard or may lead to damage of the cables’ outer non-metallic sheaths at the unearthed end of the power cable line. To avoid these aforementioned hazards, both-ends bonding of metallic sheaths is implemented but, unfortunately, it leads to increased power losses in the power cable line, due to the currents circulating through the sheaths. A remedy for the circulating currents is cross bonding—the most advanced bonding solution. Each solution has advantages and disadvantages. In practice, the decision referred to its selection should be preceded by a wide analysis. This paper presents a case study of the induced sheath voltages in a specific 110 kV power cable line. This power cable line is a specific one, due to the relatively low level of transferred power, much lower than the one resulting from the current-carrying capacity of the cables. In such a line, the induced voltages in normal operating conditions are on a very low level. Thus, no electric shock hazard exists and for this reason, the simplest arrangement—single-point bonding—was initially recommended at the project stage. However, a more advanced computer-based investigation has shown that in the case of the short-circuit conditions, induced voltages for this arrangement are at an unacceptably high level and risk of the outer non-metallic sheaths damage occurs. Moreover, the induced voltages during short circuits are unacceptable in some sections of the cable line even for both-ends bonding and cross bonding. The computer simulations enable to propose a simple practical solution for limiting these voltages. Recommended configurations of this power cable line—from the point of view of the induced sheath voltages and power losses—are indicated.

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Jung, Jiwon, Moo-Young Lee, Jae-Gu Hwang, et al. "Low-energy electron beam generation in inductively coupled plasma via a DC biased grid." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 31, no. 2 (2022): 025002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ac43c2.

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Abstract Low-energy electron beam generation using a DC biased grid was investigated in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The electron beam was measured in argon gas at various pressures, ICP source powers, and substrate voltages (V sub). At a low ICP source power (50 W), an electron beam was generated even at small values of V sub (10 V), however at a high ICP source power (200 W), an electron beam was only generated when a higher voltage (30 V) was applied due to the short sheath thickness on the grid surface. The sheath on the grid surface is an important factor for generating electron beams because low-energy electrons are blocked. If the sheath thickness to small, a high voltage should be applied to generate an electron beam, as accelerate regions cannot exist without the sheath. At high pressure, since electrons experience numerous neutral collisions, a high substrate voltage is needed to generate an electron beam. However, if the applied substrate voltage becomes too high (40 V) at high pressure, high-energy electrons result in secondary plasma under the grid. Therefore, maintaining a low pressure and low ICP source power is important for generating electron beams.

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Czapp, Stanislaw, Krzysztof Dobrzynski, Jacek Klucznik, and Zbigniew Lubosny. "Induced sheath voltages in 110 kV power cables – case study." Archives of Electrical Engineering 64, no. 3 (2015): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aee-2015-0028.

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Abstract This paper considers electric shock hazard due to induced sheath voltages in 110 kV power cables. The purpose of this paper is to find an optimal configuration of the power cable system, taking into account electric shock hazard and ability of the system to transfer maximal power. A computer simulations on a computer model of the local power system, comprising high voltage power cables, were carried out. This model enables to analyse various configurations of the metallic cable sheaths bonding and earthing (single-point bonding, both-ends bonding, cross-bonding) and their impact on induced voltages in the cable sheaths. The analysis presented in the paper shows, that it is possible to find an optimal configuration of the complicated power cable system, in terms of electric shock hazard, maximal power transfer as well as economic aspects.

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Liu, Weigong, Xueliang Hu, Zhentang Shi, Dechu Li, Jin Sun, and Ming Gu. "Simulation and analysis of overvoltage caused by lightning strike on the outer sheath of high voltage cable." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3043, no. 1 (2025): 012113. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3043/1/012113.

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Abstract For the problem of insufficient attention to lightning protection of the outer sheath of high-voltage cable, the ATP-EMTP electromagnetic transient simulation software is used to establish a simulation model of the induced lightning overvoltage of the outer sheath of 110kV cables. The influence of factors such as the amplitude of lightning current, the distance between lightning and cables, cable length, laying method, and grounding resistance on the amplitude of induced lightning overvoltage is studied. The simulation results show that the order of magnitude of the induced lightning overvoltage on the metal sheath of high-voltage cables is several tens of kV, which can exceed the lightning impact withstand voltage value of 37.5kV for the outer sheath. Strict control of the grounding resistance value of the metal sheath, reasonable selection of lightning protection equipment, and ensuring the normal operation of the protector for cable sheath can prevent or reduce the damage caused by induced lightning overvoltage to the outer sheath of high-voltage cables.

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Jiang, Yaqiang, Wei He, Xinke Huo, Xuelian Lu, Kaiyuan Li, and Fei Xiao. "Unveiling Thermal Degradation and Fire Behavior of 110 kV Ultra-High-Voltage Flame-Retardant Cable Sheath After Thermal Aging." Polymers 17, no. 9 (2025): 1273. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091273.

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To evaluate the fire safety of 110 kV ultra-high-voltage flame-retardant polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cables in the service process, the effects of thermal aging on the pyrolysis and combustion behavior of the cable sheaths were studied using thermogravimetric (TG), limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning, cone calorimeter, open flame, and muffle furnace tests. The results showed that thermal aging causes a slight decrease in the LOI value of the cable sheath (28.3% vs. 28.5%), but it also passed the UL-94 V-0 test. The butane torch test showed that the cable sheath was more easily ignited after aging; however, a better char layer was formed in the later stage of burning, which led to a longer failure time. Interestingly, the aging treatment prolonged the ignition time of the cable sheaths and reduced the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) by 17.5% and 24.4%, respectively, in the cone calorimeter test, indicating that aging resulted in a reduction in the fire hazard of the cable sheaths. Moreover, aging mechanisms were proposed based on the composition and structural evolution of the cable sheaths. In summary, this work comprehensively evaluated the fire hazard of 110 kV ultra-high-voltage cables and provided theoretical support for the formulation improvement, durability enhancement, and fire protection design of cable sheath materials.

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Gao, Wei, and Zhong Tang. "Characteristic Analysis of the Insulation State of Single-Core XLPE Cables." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 902–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.902.

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This paper investigates the state of insulation characteristic of single-core underground cable. The distributed model of single-core cable was built, which involved the insulation resistance and the leakage current. Based on the distributed model, sheath voltage and ground current on metallic sheath was examined under several kinds of insulation ageing such as various degree of insulation ageing occur in the main insulation, or in the sheath insulation, or partial insulation ageing. The results show that the voltage and current on metallic sheath indicate the degree and position of the ageing. Also the trend of the voltage and current on sheath indicates the part the ageing occurs - the sheath insulation or the main insulation.

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Li, Hai, Jialiang Yuan, Bangle He, Zhenxing Wang, and Xiangyu Zou. "Underground cable modeling and sheath grounding fault simulation." E3S Web of Conferences 360 (2022): 01072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236001072.

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The modeling of single core cable has an important influence on the calculation of cable sheath cross-connected grounding current and voltage. A suitable equivalent circuit can greatly reduce the complexity of the model. In this paper, the theoretical calculation of π type equivalent circuit of cable is analyzed, and the equivalent circuit of cable sheath grounding system is analyzed. Then the calculation equation of sheath circulation and induced voltage is obtained. Finally, by simulating two kinds of sheath grounding faults, two kinds of sheath grounding fault location are summarized.

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Guo, Junyou, Yuan Yan, Kun Zhao, and Yongsheng Wang. "The cable ground loop fault detection method based on the absolute value of phase angle difference and sheath current value." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3043, no. 1 (2025): 012100. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3043/1/012100.

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Abstract At present, during long-distance power transmission, the metal sheaths of high-voltage (HV) cables generally adopt the cross-bonding grounding method. The problem of grounding anomalies has been a challenge in the detection of cross-bonded cables. To effectively diagnose various faults in the grounding system of HV cable metal sheaths at engineering sites, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis method for the sheath grounding system that mainly uses the absolute value of the phase angle difference between the beginning and end of the same sheath loop and is supplemented by the effective value of the sheath current. Firstly, a grounding system model for HV cable metal sheaths is established. Secondly, faults are classified according to the topological structure. Simulation software is used to analyze the sheath currents in various situations. The simulation results show that the absolute value of the phase angle difference between the beginning and end of the faulty sheath loop will increase by about 180° compared to normal conditions. For non-faulty sheath loops, this characteristic quantity will remain within a certain range without drastic changes, and the value is close to 0. The required data of the diagnostic criteria are extremely easy to obtain in the measurement. The variation of the fault characteristic quantity is obvious. This can help workers quickly conduct a preliminary fault diagnosis and is suitable for on-site applications in cable fault diagnosis.

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Barnwal, Prashant K., A. Ganguli, R. Narayanan, and R. D. Tarey. "Effect of plasma boundary and electrode asymmetry in planar DC discharge system." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 7 (2022): 072102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0091108.

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This paper present presents a detailed characterization and analysis of plasma formation using different anode sizes in two contrasting configurations in a planar DC discharge system. One configuration has a conducting boundary (CB) formed by the conducting wall of the vacuum chamber that acts as an extended cathode. The second configuration, the Small Volume Insulated Boundary (SVIB) with a volume 22.5 times smaller than the CB system, is realized by confining the plasma completely within a fully insulating boundary. Anode sizes may be equal to the cathode size (symmetric electrodes) or smaller (asymmetric electrodes). In general, CB discharges require much lower applied voltages, showing very little variation with the pressure. Although the s ymmetric CB discharges have only single electron population, the asymmetric electrode discharges exhibit two electron populations, a high-density bulk population ( Te ∼ 2–3 eV) and a very low-density warm population ( Tw ∼ 40 eV) that serves to enhance ionization and compensate for reduced anode size. In contrast, the SVIB discharges require high voltages, show considerable variation in discharge voltage both with pressure and anode size, and have higher densities. In addition, one finds two electron populations for all anode sizes. From estimates of the anode sheath drop, it is possible to show that all CB discharges have an electron-rich anode sheath for all anode sizes. In contrast, the SVIB discharges exhibit ion-rich anode sheaths for all anode sizes, although for small-sized anodes and high pressures the sheaths transform to an electron-rich sheath.

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Dobrzynski, Krzysztof, Zbigniew Lubosny, Jacek Klucznik, Janusz Grala, and Dominik Falkowski. "Incomplete Cross-Bonding in the MV Line. Experience from the Operation of MV Single Cable Lines." Energies 13, no. 20 (2020): 5292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205292.

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Cable lines are one of the basic components of power systems. Medium and high voltage cables mainly comprise a metallic sheath, which is concentric to the main core conductor. There are several operating schemes of such cable lines, which differ in the place of earthing of sheaths and the possible use of the sheaths and/or conductors crossing. The sheaths cross-bonding is typically done in two places of one cable line section, and it allows to reduce power losses. Nevertheless, the use of incomplete sheaths crossing—only in one place on cable route may have economic justification. The paper presents an incomplete sheaths cross-bonding analysis of an existing medium voltage cable line. The results obtained by the mathematical model are validated by measurements taken on 30 October 2019 on an existing cable line. Measurements recorded on a real object for various systems of crossing sheaths are presented. The influence of incorrect sheaths crossing on the measured quantities was shown. In addition, the risk of excess voltage on the sheaths during short-circuits has been verified using a mathematical model.

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Tarko, Rafał, Jakub Gajdzica, Wiesław Nowak, and Waldemar Szpyra. "Study of the Lightning Overvoltage Protection Effectiveness of High Voltage Mixed Overhead Cable Power Lines." Energies 14, no. 8 (2021): 2329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082329.

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In this paper, the effectiveness of lightning overvoltage protection of cables in high voltage overhead cable lines has been analyzed. Because of the high overvoltage level, the cables are protected by surge arresters and by metallic sheath earthing. However, in practice, quite a lot of cases of electricity-evoked damage to the cable outer sheaths are observed, proving that the effectiveness of the protection used is insufficient. As a result, the cables are exposed to environmental factors, especially moisture penetration, which contributes to cable degradation. To explain the causes of this situation, simulation studies were carried out to determine the relevant factors affecting the level of expected overvoltages. The circuit-field model of the overhead cable line in EMTP-ATP, COMSOL and MATLAB software was used for determining overvoltages on the main cable insulation and the outer protective sheath. The studies reveal that the efficiency of the cable insulation overvoltage protection is ensured regardless of the lightning strike location and the crest value of its current. However, the obtained results confirm that no matter the applied protection, the cable outer sheaths may be exposed to overvoltages with higher values than those of the main insulation. Although the analysis was performed for 110 kV lines, the conclusions are general and are also applicable to power lines with higher rated voltages.

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Wang, Yadi, Jiaming Hang, Yanyi Chen, et al. "Research on the characteristic impedance model and breakage detection method of high-voltage cable outer sheath." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2963, no. 1 (2025): 012015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2963/1/012015.

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Abstract The outer sheath of high voltage cables is the “first line of defence”, preventing the internal structure of the cable from being damaged in the first place. However, during cable operation, the outer sheath can break due to termite erosion, external stress, and other factors. In order to detect the broken state of the outer sheath of high-voltage cables and to improve the stability and reliability of the power grid operation, this paper proposes the detection method for the identification and localization of the fault point of cables. First, it establishes a model of the characteristic impedance of high-voltage cables’ outer sheath and the distribution parameters calculation method. Then, it builds the experimental platform consisting of two parallel-laid 110kV single-core XLPE cables as the experimental object to carry out the experimental verification of single-side breakage and bilateral breakage. Finally, it uses the time-frequency domain reflection (TFDR) method to detect and localize the two cables’ fault points with localization relative errors of 0.39% and 1.09%. The model’s accuracy as a high-voltage cable detection model is verified.

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Pan, Zehua, Wei Guo, Yekun Men, et al. "Simulation of High-Voltage Cable Sheath Current with a Panoramic Digital Tunnel Model." Electronics 13, no. 24 (2024): 4884. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13244884.

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Monitoring cable sheath current is crucial for guaranteeing the secure and efficient operation of high-voltage cable tunnels. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) panoramic digital model of a tunnel in Beijing is modeled, a parallel cable sheath current simulation model is proposed, and a 3D panoramic visualization system with which the cable sheath current can be simulated online is developed in order to generate early warnings on the sheath current situation. The accuracy of the simulation model is verified and the results are as follows: The difference between the simulated sheath current and the actual measurement is within a maximum margin of 3.71%. A phase sequence optimization strategy can be obtained after calculations based on the simulation model, and an average sheath current reduction of 47.2% can be achieved following the optimization strategy. This study introduces a new approach by which cable sheath current dynamics and real-time warning against anomalies are visualized on a 3D tunnel model. In addition, a sheath current simulation model is integrated in the 3D visualization system developed in this study, and phase sequence optimization strategies for cables with abnormal sheath currents are automatically suggested, which may provide scientific support for auxiliary decision-making in real-time cable operation.

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朱, 向东. "High-Voltage Cable Sheath Induced Voltage and Circulation Current Analysis." Transmission and Distribution Engineering and Technology 08, no. 03 (2019): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/tdet.2019.83012.

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Rauf, Shahid, Peng Tian, Jason Kenney, and Leonid Dorf. "Effect of low frequency voltage waveform on plasma uniformity in a dual-frequency capacitively coupled plasma." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 40, no. 3 (2022): 032202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0001732.

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In a dual-frequency capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) with disparate frequencies, the low frequency (LF) voltage usually has a strong influence on the ion energy distribution function (IEDF) but contributes less to plasma generation. It is well-known that rectangular LF voltage waveform with a small positive period yields a narrow, nearly monoenergetic IEDF. This paper focuses on the effect of the LF voltage waveform on plasma uniformity in a low-pressure dual-frequency (40 + 0.8 MHz) CCP. A two-dimensional particle-in-cell model is used for this investigation, and the effect of LF voltage amplitude on plasma uniformity is investigated for sinusoidal and rectangular voltage waveforms. When the LF voltage is low, the peak in plasma density is at the chamber center due to ample diffusion at the low pressure considered (20 mTorr) and higher losses to the chamber walls. As the LF voltage is increased, the sheath gets thicker at the powered electrode and charged species densities decrease for a constant 40 MHz voltage. The plasma profile, however, evolves differently for the two LF voltage waveforms. With sinusoidal LF voltage, the plasma spreads out between the electrodes. On the other hand, with rectangular LF voltage waveform, the plasma splits into two regions: a density peak at the chamber center and another peak near the electrode edge. This double-peaked density profile with a rectangular wave can be attributed to the location and timing of plasma generation. 40 MHz produces plasma most efficiently when the LF rectangular wave is positive and the sheath at the powered electrode is thin (frequency coupling). This plasma is produced uniformly between the electrodes, but only for a short period. When the LF voltage becomes negative, the sheath expands at the powered electrode and the plasma is produced near the electrode edge where the sheath is thinner and the electric field is stronger.

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Akbal, Bahadır. "Optimum Cable Bonding with Pareto Optimal and Hybrid Neural Methods to Prevent High-Voltage Cable Insulation Faults in Distributed Generation Systems." Processes 12, no. 12 (2024): 2909. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122909.

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The high voltage, current and harmonic distortion in high-voltage cable metal sheaths cause cable insulation faults. The SSBLR (Sectional Solid Bonding with Inductance (L) and Resistance) method was designed as a new cable grounding method to prevent insulation faults. SSBLR was optimized using multi-objective optimization (MOP) with the prediction method (PM) to minimize these factors. The Pareto optimal method was used for MOP. The artificial neural network, hybrid artificial neural network and regression methods were used as the PM. When the artificial neural network–genetic algorithm hybrid method was used as the PM, and the genetic algorithm was used as the optimization method, the voltage and current were significantly reduced in the metal sheath of the cable.

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Li, Chao, Lin Lin, and Weidong Qu. "Study on insulation performance optimization of EMU high-voltage equipment box." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2195, no. 1 (2022): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2195/1/012040.

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Abstract The EMU high-voltage electrical equipment on the roof not only bears the erosion of various harsh and extreme environments, but also bears the impact of various over-voltage, and the insulation performance of the electrical equipment on the roof is seriously threatened. This paper studies the insulation optimization design method of EMU high-voltage electrical equipment, puts forward the method of adding a certain length of insulating sheath on the electrical equipment to improve the insulation performance of high-voltage equipment box, and tests the insulation optimization measures on high-voltage circuit breaker and EMU high-voltage cable. The result shows that the installation of insulating sheath is feasible to improve the insulation performance of EMU high-voltage equipment box.

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Wu, Zhaoguo, Qian Wang, Huixian Huang, et al. "Research on the Thermal Decomposition Characteristics of PE Outer Sheath of High-Voltage Cables Under Different Humidity Levels." Energies 18, no. 13 (2025): 3537. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18133537.

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Gas sensors can provide early warning of fires by detecting pyrolysis gas components in the sheaths of high-voltage cables. However, air humidity significantly affects the thermal decomposition gas production characteristics of the outer sheath of high-voltage cables, which in turn affects the accuracy of this warning method. In this paper, the thermal decomposition and gas production characteristics of the polyethylene (PE) outer jacket of high-voltage cables under different air humidities (20–100%) are studied, and the corresponding density functional theory (DFT) simulation calculations are performed using Gaussian 09W software. The results show that with the increase in humidity, the thermal decomposition gas yield of the PE outer jacket of high-voltage cables exhibits a decreasing trend. Under high-humidity conditions (≥68.28%RH), the generation of certain thermal decomposition gases is significantly reduced or even ceases. Meanwhile, the influence of moisture on the thermal decomposition characteristics of PE was analyzed at the micro level through simulation, indicating that the H-free radicals generated by moisture promote the initial decomposition of PE, but the subsequent combination of hydroxyl groups with terminal chain C forms a relatively stable alkoxy structure, increasing the activation energy of the reaction (by up to 44.7 kJ/mol) and thus inhibiting the generation of small-molecule gases. An experimental foundation is laid for the final construction of a fire warning method for high-voltage cables based on the information of thermal decomposition gas of the outer sheath.

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Ganciu, M., and A. M. Pointu. "Cathode sheath subjected to a voltage step: applications to sheath width measurement." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 27, no. 3 (1994): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/27/3/015.

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Collins, G. A., and J. Tendys. "Sheath development around a high-voltage cathode." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (1994): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/3/1/002.

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Lu, Junqing, Herman Krier, Rodney L. Burton, and Keith D. Goodfellow. "Cathode Sheath Voltage Models for Hydrazine Arcjets." Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 12, no. 2 (1998): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.6326.

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Nikiforov, S. A., Guang-Hoon Kim, and Geun-Hie Rim. "Dynamics of high-voltage pulsed cylindrical sheath." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 31, no. 1 (2003): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2003.808870.

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Alves, M. V., M. A. Lieberman, V. Vahedi, and C. K. Birdsall. "Sheath voltage ratio for asymmetric rf discharges." Journal of Applied Physics 69, no. 7 (1991): 3823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348436.

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Ghimire, B., R. Khanal, and D. P. Subedi. "Diagnostics of Low Pressure DC Glow Discharge Using Double Langmuir Probe." Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 10, no. 1 (2014): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v10i1.63684.

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This paper reports the result of electrical diagnostics of low pressure DC glow discharge using Langmuir double probe. The electron and ion distribution function at the probe sheath edges are considered to be Maxwellian so that the most important requirement of pre-sheath and sheath transitions are satisfied. The electrons and ions are assumed to penetrate the sheath region due to their large thermal velocities. Using the probe biasing technique, the discharge plasma parameters like electron temperature (KTe) and electron number density (ne) are measured at the applied voltage ranging from 400V to 700V, between the two electrodes, and pressure, inside the discharge tube, ranging from 0.013mbar to 0.070mbar. Our result showed that electron temperature (KTe) and electron number density (ne) increases with the pressure inside the discharge tube and applied voltage across the electrodes.

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Asorza, Jesus Enrique Guevara, Jaimis Sajid Leon Colqui, Sérgio Kurokawa, and José Pissolato Filho. "Analysis of Increased Induced Voltages on the Sheath of Double-Circuit Underground Transmission Lines Guaranteeing Ampacity." Energies 17, no. 7 (2024): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17071637.

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This paper quantifies and discusses the increase in induced voltage on a sheath due to changes in duct banks in terms of type and dimensions along an underground transmission line, guaranteeing the ampacity required for a project. The four most common duct banks in double-circuit underground transmission lines with phase transposition were considered in this study, along with two special cross-bonding techniques: continuous cross-bonding (CCB) and sectionalized cross-bonding (SCB). These techniques aim to reduce sheath currents and enhance the distribution of the induced voltage on the sheath. The analysis considers two distinct scenarios in which the profile of the induced voltage is calculated: the first one accounts for underground obstructions, intersections with important traffic avenues, and ground with high excavation costs that force changes in the duct bank dimensions and configuration, which is the most exact and realistic case. The second one solely considers one typical configuration of a duct bank along the route. This last scenario is normally applied to calculate the induced voltage when an underground transmission design is required. The results show that when installing cables at a greater depth, it is imperative to increase the distance between them to guarantee the ampacity. The induced voltage on the sheath will rise as the distance increases. Furthermore, the results reveal that instead of calculating the induced voltage by considering the scenario that is exact and most like a real case, it is enough to calculate following the second scenario and then add a scaling factor according to each duct bank configuration.

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Li, Mingzhen, Chengke Zhou, Wenjun Zhou, et al. "A Novel Fault Location Method for a Cross-Bonded HV Cable System Based on Sheath Current Monitoring." Sensors 18, no. 10 (2018): 3356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103356.

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In order to improve the practice in the operation and maintenance of high voltage (HV) cables, this paper proposes a fault location method based on the monitoring of cable sheath currents for use in cross-bonded HV cable systems. This method first analyzes the power–frequency component of the sheath current, which can be acquired at cable terminals and cable link boxes, using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The cable segment where a fault occurs can be localized by the phase difference between the sheath currents at the two ends of the cable segment, because current would flow in the opposite direction towards the two ends of the cable segment with fault. Conversely, in other healthy cable segments of the same circuit, sheath currents would flow in the same direction. The exact fault position can then be located via electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) analysis of the fault transients of the sheath current. The sheath currents have been simulated and analyzed by assuming a single-phase short-circuit fault to occur in every cable segment of a selected cross-bonded high voltage cable circuit. The sheath current monitoring system has been implemented in a 110 kV cable circuit in China. Results indicate that the proposed method is feasible and effective in location of HV cable short circuit faults.

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Tiliakos, Nicholas T., and Rodney L. Burton. "Arcjet anode sheath voltage measurement by Langmuir probe." Journal of Propulsion and Power 12, no. 6 (1996): 1174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.24158.

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Zhang, J. Y., R. Ichiki, and Y. Kawai. "Behaviour of sheath voltage in negative ion plasma." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 441 (June 13, 2013): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/441/1/012010.

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Brown, I. G., O. R. Monteiro, and M. M. M. Bilek. "High voltage sheath behavior in a drifting plasma." Applied Physics Letters 74, no. 17 (1999): 2426–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123869.

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Shaban, M., M. A. Salam, S. P. Ang, and William Voon. "Induced sheath voltage in power cables: A review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 62 (September 2016): 1236–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.032.

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Huang, Jia-Wei, Ming-Liang Zhao, Yu-Ru Zhang, Fei Gao, and You-Nian Wang. "Investigation of stochastic heating and its influence on plasma radial uniformity in biased inductively coupled Ar discharges by hybrid simulation." Physics of Plasmas 30, no. 4 (2023): 043508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0142345.

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A bias power is usually applied in inductively coupled plasmas (ICP) to realize the separate control of the plasma density and the ion energy. In this research, a two-dimensional fluid/electron Monte Carlo hybrid model is developed to self-consistently investigate the bias effect on the stochastic heating and on the radial homogeneity in a biased argon ICP operated at low pressure (3 mTorr). The results show that the temporal evolution of the stochastic heating exhibits a plateau and a peak when the sheath collapses at high bias voltages, due to the limited sheath heating and the electron inertia. In addition, the plasma density in the diffusion chamber increases with bias voltage and bias frequency, because of the more pronounced stochastic heating both at the substrate and at the grounded wall. In the main discharge chamber, the plasma density decreases with bias voltage, due to the compression of the bulk plasma region, and this trend becomes less obvious at high bias frequency, because of the enhanced power absorption caused by the stochastic heating. Therefore, it is concluded that by tuning the bias voltage and bias frequency, the plasma radial uniformity could be modulated efficiently, which is very important for improving plasma processing.

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Clements, R. M., J. R. Dawe, S. A. H. Rizvi, and P. R. Smy. "Measurement of sheath characteristics in the presence of convection and ionization." Canadian Journal of Physics 74, no. 9-10 (1996): 671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p96-096.

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A flame plasma whose electron and (or) ion density can be varied over several orders of magnitude is constrained to flow perpendicular to a planar grid Langmuir probe. The probe is biased negative to the plasma, and the current–voltage characteristics and the thickness of the ion sheath formed at the probe are measured. The level of the electron and (or) ion density is set within a range at which the probe current due to thermal ionization throughout the sheath is comparable with the current of ions convected into the sheath. The experimental results are compared with the predictions of a recent theoretical paper that calculates the effect of recombination upon the characteristics of planar, cylindrical, and spherical probes with boundary layer sheaths. The theoretical predictions and experimental results for an idealized planar configuration show good agreement over wide ranges of variation of probe bias and plasma electron and (or) ion density. This verification of the theoretical planar electrode – perpendicular-flow model, which is the basis for all three boundary layer relations, is seen as providing strong backing for these relations, which have application to ionization measurements in various forms of recombinant plasma.

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Hongtao, Ren, and Zhang Ying. "Research on identification of cable sheath defects based on current analysis of cable sheath." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2260, no. 1 (2022): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2260/1/012061.

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Abstract This paper presents a method to detect the different types of defects in cross connected cable sheath in a flat 500kV three leaf high voltage cable system with sheath current as input data. Three different defects are analyzed: the loss of electrical continuity of grounding, the short circuit between metal sheath of cable joint segment and the immersion of junction box. The model of cable system is simulated by theoretical analysis and ATP software. The results obtained by these two methods have achieved good consistency.

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Vu, Nga T. T. "A Simulation Method for Temperature Monitoring of Medium Voltage Underground Cables Insulation." International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunications 14, no. 3 (2025): 180–87. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijeetc.14.3.180-187.

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Temperature is one of the primary causes of medium voltage cable failures. When the temperature exceeds the allowable limit, the cable components may degrade, affecting the lifespan and operational efficiency of the power system. In order to maintain the safe operation of power systems and minimize the likelihood of severe accidents, it is crucial to analyze the temperature distribution in medium voltage underground cables. In this study, the time-dependent temperature distribution within the 5.5 mm thick Cross-Linked Polyethylene (XLPE) insulation layer of medium voltage cables is analyzed using the finite element method. Temperature data collected from the cable sheath surface is utilized to simulate the thermal variation in cable insulation layer under the varying of core current and sheath temperature. Additionally, a temperature warning threshold is calculated to issue alerts and prevent overheating. The variations in the electric field under these conditions are also examined. The results provide valuable insights for optimizing the installation and operation of medium voltage power cables.

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Ledari, Shiva Abdollahzadeh, and Mohammad Mirzaie. "Sheath induced voltage prediction of high voltage cable based on artificial neural network." Computers & Electrical Engineering 87 (October 2020): 106788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2020.106788.

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Uhrlandt, Dirk, Ammar Najam, Gregor Gött, et al. "Electrical models of arcs in different applications." PLASMA PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY 11, no. 1 (2024): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ppt.2024.1.28.

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The electrical characteristic of arcs sensitively depends on many factors like electrode material and shape, working gas and gas pressure. Arc sheath voltages and electrode resistance have to be considered in particular for shorter arcs. The arc voltage behaviour is important to the switching performance. But its knowledge also allows to estimate the power consumption of the arc and the heat transferred to the electrodes. Arc voltage models are easy to integrate in power grid simulations and benefitial for the design of arc power sources. Whereas specific arc voltage models are available meanwhile for many examples, there are still knowledge gaps for arcs in a wide range of parameters. This paper provides a review of recently developed electric arc models for high and low voltage switching as well as for welding with the focus on vacuum arcs, short arcs and arcs at low current.

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Ai, Yuhao, Bin Song, Shaocheng Wu, Yongwen Li, Li Lu, and Linong Wang. "Diagnosis of Reverse-Connection Defects in High-Voltage Cable Cross-Bonded Grounding System Based on ARO-SVM." Sensors 25, no. 2 (2025): 590. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25020590.

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High-voltage (HV) cables are increasingly used in urban power grids, and their safe operation is critical to grid stability. Previous studies have analyzed various defects, including the open circuit in the sheath loop, the flooding in the cross-bonded link box, and the sheath grounding fault. However, there is a paucity of research on the defect of the reverse direction between the inner core and the outer shield of the coaxial cable. Firstly, this paper performed a theoretical analysis of the sheath current in the reversed-connection state and established a simulation model for verification. The outcomes of the simulation demonstrate that there are significant variations in the amplitudes of the sheath current under different reversed-connection conditions. Consequently, a feature vector was devised based on the amplitude of the sheath current. The support vector machine (SVM) was then applied to diagnose the reversed-connection defects in the HV cable cross-bonded grounding system. The artificial rabbits optimization (ARO) algorithm was adopted to optimize the SVM model, attaining an impressively high diagnostic accuracy rate of 99.35%. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm are confirmed through the analysis and validation of the practical example.

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Wan, Qingzhu, and Xuyang Yan. "Fault Diagnosis of HV Cable Metal Sheath Grounding System Based on LSTM." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (2023): 2453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042453.

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At present, the metal sheath of high voltage (HV) cables generally adopts the cross-bonded grounding method, which brings many types of faults and challenges the monitoring and diagnosis of the operation status of the cables. In order to effectively diagnose various types of faults in the metal sheath grounding system of HV cables, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis method for the metal sheath grounding system of HV cables based on long and short-term memory (LSTM). Firstly, the grounding system model of HV cable metal sheath is established. Secondly, the sheath currents of four faults are analyzed. Based on the sheath current amplitude ratio and phase difference of the same loop and the same grounding box, 14 feature vectors reflecting the operation state of the metal sheath grounding system are constructed. Then, the operation state of 18 kinds of metal sheath grounding systems is simulated, and the fault database is established. Finally, the LSTM algorithm is used to accurately identify the fault of HV cable grounding system. The results show that the LSTM algorithm can effectively diagnose and identify the faults of the HV cable metal sheath grounding system, and the accuracy rate is 100%.

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Sawa, Yoshio, Syuitsu Fujii, Yasuhiro Horiike, and Haruo Shindo. "Excitation of Sheath Oscillating Current by Superimposing Pulse Voltage." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 37, Part 1, No. 1 (1998): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.37.337.

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Kloss, A., H. Schneidenbach, and H. Hess. "Electrode sheath voltage in pulsed high-pressure mercury arcs." Applied Physics Letters 78, no. 20 (2001): 3027–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1371793.

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