Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sheep [trade]

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Sheep [trade]'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sheep [trade]"

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Hutchings, M. R., I. Kyriazakis, D. H. Anderson, I. J. Gordon, and F. Jackson. "Trade-offs between sward nitrogen intake and faecal avoidance in sheep foraging decisions: the effect of parasitic status and level of feeding motivation." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1999 (1999): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200001733.

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The deposition of dung on pasture may create a trade-off between the benefit of increased nutrient intake due to the leaching of nutrients and the risk of parasitism due to migration of helminth parasite larvae (Sykes, 1987), from the faeces to the sward. Physiological state can affect herbivore foraging decisions in relation to this trade-off. Our objectives were to determine whether such a trade-off exists in a grazing situation for sheep and whether level of feeding motivation and parasitic status affect the grazing behaviour of sheep faced with this trade-off.Texel x Greyface lambs were presented pairs of swards (36 x 21cm) which varied in nitrogen content (high=N+; low=N-) and level of contamination with faeces from sheep infected with Ostertagia circumcincta (Ost.) (20g faeces per sward=F+; no faeces=F-) and allowed to graze for short periods (60 bites or ten minutes). We defined ‘taking the trade-off’ as taking more bites from an N+F+ sward compared to an N-F- sward, when presented together as a choice.
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Tyler, Daniel, and John O. Baxter. "Las Carneradas: Sheep Trade in New Mexico, 1700-1860." Western Historical Quarterly 19, no. 3 (August 1988): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/968270.

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Jones, Oakah L., and John O. Baxter. "Las Carneradas: Sheep Trade in New Mexico, 1700-1860." Hispanic American Historical Review 68, no. 3 (August 1988): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2516523.

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Jones, Oakah L. "Las Carneradas: Sheep Trade in New Mexico, 1700-1860." Hispanic American Historical Review 68, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 580–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-68.3.580.

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SKONHOFT, ANDERS, GUNNAR AUSTRHEIM, and ATLE MYSTERUD. "A BIOECONOMIC SHEEP-VEGETATION TRADE-OFF MODEL: AN ANALYSIS OF THE NORDIC SHEEP FARMING SYSTEM." Natural Resource Modeling 23, no. 3 (July 1, 2010): 354–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-7445.2010.00067.x.

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Scott, Pam, and Roger Meischke. "Politics of the Saudi Sheep Trade: A Question of Disease." Australian Quarterly 62, no. 3 (1990): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20635590.

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Rachlow, Janet L., and R. Terry Bowyer. "Habitat selection by Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli): maternal trade-offs." Journal of Zoology 245, no. 4 (August 1998): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00120.x.

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Hutchings, M. R., I. J. Gordon, I. Kyriazakis, and F. Jackson. "Sheep avoidance of faeces creates a foraging trade-off between nutrient and parasite intake." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200004762.

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Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites, acquired by sheep through the action of foraging, are the most pervasive challenge to their survival and reproduction. The eggs of many GI parasite species are deposited on pasture in faeces where they develop into infective stage larvae that contaminate surrounding swards. We test the hypotheses that (1) faeces and hence parasite avoidance behaviour of sheep creates a grazing trade-off between nutrition and parasitism and (2) the relative costs and benefits of the trade-off in relation to animal state of infection (parasitized, non-parasitized, immune) determines their subsequent grazing behaviour.
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Bertolotti, L., M. Mazzei, G. Puggioni, M. L. Carrozza, S. Dei Giudici, D. Muz, M. Juganaru, C. Patta, F. Tolari, and S. Rosati. "Characterization of new small ruminant lentivirus subtype B3 suggests animal trade within the Mediterranean Basin." Journal of General Virology 92, no. 8 (August 1, 2011): 1923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.032334-0.

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Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) represent a group of viruses infecting sheep and goats worldwide. Despite the high heterogeneity of genotype A strains, which cluster into as many as ten subtypes, genotype B was believed to be less complex and has, so far, been subdivided into only two subtypes. Here, we describe two novel full-length proviral sequences isolated from Sarda sheep in two Italian regions. Genome sequence as well as the main linear epitopes clearly placed this cluster into genotype B. However, owing to long-standing segregation of this sheep breed, the genetic distances that are clearly >15 % with respect to B1 and B2 subtypes suggest the designation of a novel subtype, B3. Moreover the close relationship with a gag sequence obtained from a Turkish sheep adds new evidence to historical data that suggest an anthropochorous dissemination of hosts (small ruminants) and their pathogens (SRLV) during the colonization of the Mediterranean from the Middle East.
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Degen, A. Allan, and Shaher El-Meccawi. "Livestock Trader Entrepreneurs among Urban Bedouin in the Negev Desert." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 9, no. 2 (May 2008): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000008784489462.

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There are more than 150,000 Bedouin in the Negev Desert. Traditionally they were nomadic pastoralists relying on camels, sheep and goats for their livelihood; today about half the population lives in urban communities. Most urban Bedouin men have entered the wage labour market and have abandoned raising livestock. Nonetheless, of close to 1,300 registered flocks, about 15% are owned by urban households, and the Ministry of Agriculture estimates that the figure should be close to 50%. In Tel Sheva, a Bedouin town of 14,000 inhabitants, there are 17 registered flocks and about 15% of the households maintain sheep and/or goats. In addition, 111 livestock trader entrepreneurs are active, dealing mainly with sheep and, to a lesser extent, goats and cattle. Sheep and goats are bought mainly from Bedouin, while cattle are bought mainly from Jewish settlements. There are 16 large livestock traders, all men, who trade throughout the year; for seven of them, livestock trading is their main occupation. These traders generally do not attend weekly markets but do their transactions from home. Thirteen of these traders deal mainly with sheep and goats and can handle upwards of 200 head at a time, while three of them deal primarily with cattle, supplying them mainly for wedding celebrations. There are 75 small livestock traders, five of whom are women. These traders handle mainly small numbers of sheep and goats all year round and often buy and sell at the local markets. In addition, there are 20 opportunist traders, all men, who handle sheep periodically, in particular at Eid ul-Adha when most Muslim families sacrifice an animal. The future of most Bedouin would appear to lie in integration into the Israeli urban economy while attempting to maintain cultural traditions. The use of sheep and other livestock for traditional purposes will continue to play an important role.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sheep [trade]"

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Christensen, Louise Lund. "Oxidative stress and life-history trade-offs in a wild mammal." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231438.

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Recently, oxidative stress has been highlighted as a potential mediator underlying life-history trade-offs in animals. However, despite growing interest in the role of oxidative stress as a mechanistic explanation of trade-offs, the importance of oxidative stress in wild populations remain poorly understood. In this thesis, I use four commonly applied markers of oxidative stress. I apply two markers of oxidative damage, protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde, and two markers of antioxidant protection, superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity. These were applied to samples collected in 2010-2013 and 2015 from the wild population of Soay sheep (Ovis aries), St Kilda, Scotland. I investigate correlations among different markers of oxidative stress, and their within individual repeatability over time. In addition, I examine the role played by oxidative stress in mediating life-history traits at different life-stages; specifically, I test for associations between oxidative stress, growth and survival in Soay sheep lambs. I also investigate the oxidative costs of reproduction in adult Soay sheep females and I test whether any such costs vary with age. My findings reveal, firstly, that plasma markers of oxidative stress vary dramatically among years, and that the different markers of oxidative damage and antioxidant protection applied throughout this thesis, are uncorrelated with each other (Chapter 2). This indicates that oxidative stress is a multifaceted process, where each oxidative stress marker may reflect different and potentially uncoupled biochemical processes (Chapter 2). Second, faster lamb growth shows a weak, positive association with malondialdehyde. However, growth is not associated with variation in the other three markers (Chapter 3). In addition, lamb survival also shows marker dependent associations; lambs with higher superoxide dismutase activity are more likely to survive their first winter, as are male but not female lambs with lower protein carbonyl content. Survival does not vary with malondialdehyde or antioxidant capacity. Thus, different markers of oxidative stress capture different aspects of the complex relationships between individual oxidative state, physiology and fitness (Chapter 3). Third, protein carbonyl content and superoxide dismutase activity measured at birth and at four month old in the lambs, show no within individual repeatability, although there is a significant difference in mean marker values over time (Chapter 4). This indicates that these markers of oxidative stress might reflect transient, rather than general, physiological states. Finally, I find some evidence for an oxidative cost of reproduction and for age-related variation in oxidative stress (Chapter 5). However, once again, effect are highly marker and year dependent, and I find no consistent patterns of variation across the two oxidative damage markers or across the two antioxidant protection markers, as they all show different responses to both breeding and age (Chapter 5). Together, my results provide some support for the association between oxidative stress and life-histories, but the effects are both marker and year dependent. Furthermore, the lack of correlation among different markers and the lack of within individual repeatability of oxidative stress markers highlight the need for careful selection and interpretation of plasma oxidative stress markers in the wild.
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James, Sarah McDonald. "Short- and long-term trade-offs in the diet selection of sheep." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28296.

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Experiment 1 investigated whether sheep select between foods that differ in their effective rumen degradable protein (eRDP) content to achieve an estimated 'optimal' eRDP: fermentable metabolisable energy (fME) ratio. The foods offered were presented in a meal form to prevent chemical changes to the food ingredients that may occur during the pelleting process. However, as the food ingredients separated during the course of the experiment and the composition of the selected diet could not be sufficiently predicted, the results of the experiment were unclear. Experiments 2 and 3 re-asserted the hypothesis that diets selected by sheep would be those that meet the eRDP requirements of the animals and at the same time avoid excess consumption of rumen degradable protein (RDP). The sheep were given choices between pelleted foods differing in their urea content, which was used as an eRDP source. However, sheep selected a diet in favour of the urea-supplemented food regardless of the basal food to which the urea was added. This resulted in an excess consumption of RDP. The results did not support the hypothesis that sheep would avoid excess RDP when give a choice and suggest that eRDP may not be a relevant dimension in diet selection in the conditions of these experiments. It was thought that urea may have had other properties, such as a high buffering potential, that the sheep were selecting for when selectin a diet. Experiment 4 tested the hypothesis that the preference for and eRDP adequate food supplemented with urea would be reduced by the addition of a buffer (sodium bicarbonate (SB)) to both foods offered as a choice or offering ad libitum access to hay. In both cases urea may no longer be needed as a buffer and the preference for the urea-supplemented food would then be expected to be reduced or even disappear. Insufficient amounts of hay were consumed to reduce the preference for the urea-supplemented food.
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Young, Douglas Arthur. "Restrictions on the trade of biological resources : the case of Australian merino genes /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ECM/09ecmy69.pdf.

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Deese, William Franklin. "The Effects of Changes in Subsidies and Trade Interventions on the Sheep Industry." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06202003-075732/.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the dynamic response of an industry to production subsidies and to trade restrictions on a competing product. Specifically I examine the U.S. sheep industry and compare the effects of a production intervention similar to the Wool Act and to a tariff-rate quota. I begin with a dynamic profit function and derive an Euler equation. I use the iterated generalized method of moments to estimate the demand for slaughter lambs, the Euler equation, and the demand for domestic wool. These equations are estimated separately using instrumental variable techniques to adjust for the endogenous right hand side variables and for future-dated variables, in which the number of instruments exceeds the number of parameters. In each case, the iterated generalized method of moment estimator converges and produces reasonable estimates. Separately I estimate the demand for imported lamb meat using regression with autocorrelated errors. I then generate equilibrium slaughter lamb prices and breeding stock levels for a base case, for the production-subsidies case and for the tariff-rate quota case. The equilibrium quantities and prices are generated from the solution to a variable-coefficient difference equation. A feature of the model is the effects of joint outputs, slaughter lambs and wool, are included in the model. Results are that re-imposition of the Wool Act increases breeding stock levels relative to the base case, although breeding stock levels continue to decline, and slaughter lamb prices also initially increase. Implementation of the tariff-rate quota raises slaughter lamb prices and lowers breeding stock levels relative to the base case. Effects of the tariff-rate quota are small compared with the re-imposition of the Wool Act.
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Pipes, Marie-Lorraine. "Trade, exchange, and social relationships in southeastern Poland| X-ray fluorescence and mitochondrial DNA analyses of neolithic sheep." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3683076.

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Social and economic factors were involved in intensified sheep rearing that occurred in southeastern Poland during the middle late Neolithic, 3800-3700 BC. Sheep data from three settlement sites, Bronocice, Zawar¿a, and Nied¿wied¿, were used to document the importation and crossbreeding of animals within this region over this span of time. Portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF) was used to measure elemental strontium concentrations in sheep dental enamel. Distinct patterning was documented for each site and phase of occupation. The earliest phases showed little variation in strontium concentrations whereas beginning with Phase 3 (3650 BC) great variation was apparent. Based on these data it was possible to distinguish local from non-local sheep. At Bronocice a major change in sheep rearing occurred. Large scale sheep importation began around 3650 BC which lasted through the end of the settlement in 2700 BC. On the other hand, small settlements like Zawar¿a, and Nied¿wied¿ continued to raise sheep in the region, occasionally acquiring new stock from the sheep market at Bronocice. It does not appear that sheep were raised at Bronocice. Instead it is more likely that Bronocice was interested in the wool and thread produced by small herders for weaving.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was sequenced from sheep at the three sites dating to the period 3650-3100 BC (Phases 3 and 4) at the three sites. That study revealed that close genetic relationships existed among sheep from the three settlements. The sheep from the outlying villages of Zawar¿a and Nied¿wied¿ were more closely related to sheep from Bronocice than sheep at Bronocice were to each other. It is evident that sheep from outlying villages were descended from sheep imported to Bronocice. Six lineages were identified, two of which were found in sheep from Phases 3 and 4. Individuals from `Family 1' were found only at Bronocice while those from Family 2 were present at all sites indicating that two common sources of sheep were exploited over a few hundred years.

This long term pattern confirms the existence of important social relationships between some groups and elites at Bronocice with outside communities, probably located in southeastern Europe. These data served as proxies for examining social relationships within and between settlements in the region as well as to investigate economic behaviors involving trade and exchange of sheep. Multiple levels of socioeconomic activities were revealed based on the XRF data revolving around the importation of sheep to Bronocice, the redistribution of sheep to smaller settlements, the staging of annual sheep market in late spring and the likely production of textiles for export. It is probably that people from the three communities shared social ties which extended beyond a shared cultural identity and included family and business partnerships. An annual cycle is proposed involving four distinct social categories: elites at Bronocice responsible for managing the annual sheep market, long distance traders importing sheep once a year, local sheep herders who acquired new stock from the traders and who harvested and spun wool for exchange, and weavers who required raw materials for making cloth. It is possible that weavers, whose cloth production depended on access to wool and thread, controlled or were involved with the importation and redistribution sheep to local herders and that they in turn exchanged wool and or thread. At Bronocice it is likely that control over sheep imports was managed by a small number of individuals, most likely elites. Evidence of a social hierarchy is evidenced by a large animal enclosure, fortification ditches and palisades, the construction of which reveals control over labor. The nature of trading relationships is unknown but may have been based on ancient ties dating to the early part of the Neolithic. Sheep intensification coincided not only with the growth of Bronocice in size, population, and appearance of specialists within the community, but also with an increase in fiber and textile production artifacts, most likely due to the start of wool production. At Bronocice, incipient wool production was suggested not only by signs of intensified sheep rearing but also by the recovery of large quantities of loom weights, spools and spindle whorls from houses, the numbers of which increased dating to different phases. The percentage of households within the settlement involved in fiber and textile production grew over time. Sheep intensification therefore appears to be strongly linked to the development of a wool industry. The identification of mobility patterns and sheep genetic relatedness afforded the opportunity to investigate animal husbandry practices, specifically breeding and the exchange of livestock, as well as to consider possible forms of social interaction between communities. Last, the scale and regularity at which sheep were imported to Bronocice over a period of 900 years suggest that a simple model of reciprocal trade between elites does not work for the later Neolithic. Instead, a more complex system is proposed in which sheep were an important trade commodity. They were imported on a regular schedule and in large numbers by specialized pastoralists. The data suggest they were imported during the late spring on an annual basis into Bronocice which strongly suggests the existence of a market system controlled by elites involving the acquisition of new sheep. Furthermore, it appears that sheep were redistributed sheep to outside settlements who managed the herds and that these communities were the primary suppliers of wool and spun fibers to weavers at Bronocice. There had to have existed codependent relationships between weaving households and local sheep herders which may have involved redistribution of sheep in exchange for wool products.

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Watson, Rebecca Louise. "The causes and consequences of immune variation in a wild mammal." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25489.

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The immune system provides protection against parasites and is crucial for survival, but mounting, maintaining and controlling an immune response is expensive. Under limited resources these costs can lead to investment trade-offs between life history traits in order to maximize an individual's fitness. Understanding how these trade-offs relate to immunity can be important in understanding individual variation in fitness and the broader ecological implications that this may have in a population. In the wild there is evidence of trade-offs between life history traits and immunity, but there are relatively few studies which have measured specific aspects of the immune system under natural parasitic exposure. Using reagents developed in domestic sheep, I measured an unusually broad range of immune markers in a wild population of Soay sheep on the island of Hirta, St Kilda, Scotland. These include: T cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, CD4+ & CD8+ naïve, gamma delta and Foxp3), anti-T.circumcincta (T. circ) antibody isotopes, (IgA, IgE, IgG), leukocyte subtypes (neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio & eosinophils), and leukocyte telomere length (LTL). I found that, in a year under high selection pressure for survival, anti-T. circ IgG positively predicted survival across all ages and for both sexes. Additionally, females had higher proportions of naïve T cells than males; a previously unreported sex difference in a wild mammal. In chapter 2, analysis of lambs in early life found higher growth rates associated with low antibody measures, while lower growth rates related to low antibody measures and high levels of inflammatory marker. I also found that male lambs with high anti-T. circ IgE and IgG were less likely to survive over-winter, contrary to the findings across all ages in chapter 1. In chapter 3, I detected an increase in LTL attrition with age in males >3 years, but this was not significant in females or in younger animals. In male lambs, high investment in horn growth was related to reduced LTL. Changes in LTL were independent of variation in leukocyte cell populations. The data in this thesis demonstrate the complexity of immune variation in the wild, and highlight the value of multiple ecologically relevant markers to understanding the evolutionary implications of resource trade-offs.
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Santos, Elison Matos. "Análise econômica da produção de ovinos em sistemas de seleção genética e vendas de cordeiros para abate." Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6365.

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When you verify the economic profitability and quantify the centers of costs of a productive activity you are developing an analysis of production costs. This analysis allows a clearer reading and a more accurate diagnosis of the actual economic situation of the property. The objective of this study was to verify the main costs of production, between two systems of sales of sheep. The systems were characterized in S1 - this occurred when the product was animals for sale of breeding; and S2 - when the product was the sale of lambs to the slaughter. All data were obtained according to costs and performance of activity during the period of 15 January 2013 to 15 January 2014, of a property in south-central Sergipe. For storage and interpretation of the data we used two software management of the agricultural Prodap GP® (2007) to assess the economic indicators and the MultOvinos® for analysis zootecnical indicares. Variable costs possessed greater representation on the operational costs, for both the S1 and S2 representing 86.7% and 85.5% respectively. The greater representation of variable costs, in both systems, was with the concentrated feed used in animal nutrition S1 59.7% and S2 58.5%. The forage represented 14.2% and the hand labor 8.7% in S1, while in S2 13.9% for the forage and 17.1% with hand labor. Already fixed costs represented 13.3% in S1 and 14.5% in S2, the greatest contribution of fixed cost comes from the cost of depreciation of assets S1 98.8% and S2 98.6 %. Revenue from the sale S1 was composed of a ruffian and breeding animals both males and females. Revenue from S2 was composed by selling lamb to the slaughter and disposal of animals. The S1 totaled a gross income of R$ 77,850.00 and S2 R$ 34,149.28. During the study period the two systems evaluated achieved gross margin (difference between gross income and effective operational cost) negative S1 R$ $-9,267.31 and S2 R$ -10,310.88, leading to a short decapitalisation term and showing be precise a rapid decision- making by the producer so he can continue in the activity.
Quando se busca verificar a rentabilidade econômica e quantificar os centros de gastos de uma atividade produtiva está se desenvolvendo uma análise de custos de produção. Esta análise permiti uma leitura mais clara e um diagnóstico mais preciso da real situação econômica da propriedade. Objetivou-se com esse estudo verificar os principais custos de produção em dois sistemas de comercialização de ovinos. Os sistemas foram caracterizados em S1 - quando o produto eram animais para comercialização de reprodutores; e S2 quando o produto era a comercialização de cordeiros para o abate. Foram obtidos todos os dados quanto as despesas e as receitas da atividade durante o período de 15 de janeiro de 2013 a 15 de janeiro de 2014 de uma propriedade no centro-sul sergipano. Para armazenamento e interpretação dos dados foi utilizado dois softwares de gerenciamento agropecuário, o PRODAP GP® (2007) para as análises econômicas e o MultOvinos® para avaliação dos indicadores zootécnicos. Os custos variáveis possuíram maior representação sobre o custo operacional, tanto do S1 como do S2 representando 86,7% e 85,5% respectivamente. A maior representatividade dos custos variáveis em ambos os sistemas foi com o alimento concentrado fornecido aos animais S1 59,7% e S2 58,5%. O volumoso representou 14,2% e a mão-de-obra 8,7% no S1, enquanto que no S2 13,9% para o alimento volumoso e 17,1% com mão-de-obra. Já os custos fixos representaram 13,3% no S1 e 14,5% no S2. Dos custos fixos, a maior contribuição provém dos custos com a depreciação dos bens S1 98,8% e S2 98,6%. A receita do S1 foi composta pela venda de um rufião e de animais reprodutores tanto machos como fêmeas. A receita do S2 foi composta pela venda de cordeiro para o abate e de animais de descarte. O S1 totalizou uma renda bruta de R$ 77.850,00 e o S2 de R$ 34.149,28. Durante o período estudado os dois sistemas avaliados obtiveram margem bruta (diferença entre a renda bruta e o custo operacional efetivo) negativa S1 R$-9.267,31 e S2 R$ -10.310,88, levando a uma descapitalização em curto prazo e mostrando ser preciso uma rápida tomada de decisão por parte do produtor para que ele possa continuar na atividade.
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Cronje, Maria Catharina. "Die Waarde van spoorelementaanvulling aan skape op 'n subonderhoudsrantsoen." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02042005-150928.

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Cooper, Mark. "The Sudbury igneous complex : insights into melt sheet evolution and ore genesis." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340675.

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Russell, Keith J. "Soil ingestion by sheep in England and Wales and its contribution to the dietary intake of trace elements." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47235.

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Books on the topic "Sheep [trade]"

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Irish Livestock and Meat Board. Marketing Services Department. World trade in sheep and sheepmeat: A statistical summary. [Dublin]: CBF - Irish Livestock and Meat Board, 1988.

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Historical Society of New Mexico., ed. Las carneradas: Sheep trade in New Mexico, 1700-1860. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1987.

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Kaiser, R. J. Black sheep. Don Mills, Ont., Can: Mira, 2003.

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Kaiser, R. J. Black sheep. Don Mills, Ont: MIRA, 2003.

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Hurst, J. D. Sheep in the Cotswolds: The medieval wool trade. Stroud: Tempus, 2005.

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Irigoyen, Rodolfo M. Interdependencia económica de las produciones ovinas y vacuna en el Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: CIEDUR, 1986.

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Court, Jane, John Webb Ware, Sue Hides, and Noel Campbell. Sheep farming for meat & wool. Collingwood, Vic: CSIRO Publishing, 2010.

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Kibler, Jim. Environmental analysis for the Sheep Gap timber sale. [Plains, Mont.]: Montana Dept. of Natural Resources and Conservation, Northwestern Lands Office, Plains Unit Office, 2004.

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Cattlemen vs. sheepherders: Five decades of violence in the West, 1880-1920. Austin, Tex: Eakin Press, 1989.

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Lehane, Robert. The pearl king. Brisbane, Australia: Boolarong Press, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sheep [trade]"

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Tsyngyeva, Viktoria, Sergey Ryumkin, and Inga Ryumkina. "Export Potential and Regulation of Sheep Breeding in Border Areas of Russia, Mongolia, and China: Evidence from Zabaikalsk Territory, Russia." In Shifting Patterns of Agricultural Trade, 455–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3260-0_19.

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Beckert, Marvin, Pete Smith, and Stephen Chapman. "Of Trees and Sheep: Trade-Offs and Synergies in Farmland Afforestation in the Scottish Uplands." In Land Use Competition, 183–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33628-2_11.

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Haywood, S., T. Müller, W. Müller, and Z. Dincer. "Copper-Associated Cirrhosis in North Ronaldsay Sheep." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 10, 723–27. New York, NY: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47466-2_234.

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Zervas, George. "Treatment of Dairy Sheep with Soluble Glass Boluses." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 6, 669–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0723-5_244.

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Baye, Richmond Silvanus, and Justice Issah Musah-Surugu. "Trade Liberalization and Food Balance Sheet in Africa." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69626-3_80-1.

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Baye, Richmond Silvanus, and Justice Issah Musah-Surugu. "Trade Liberalization and Food Balance Sheet in Africa." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 908–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95675-6_80.

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Hussey, Jill, and Roger Hussey. "The Balance Sheet of a Sole Trader." In Business Accounting, 87–101. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14784-7_7.

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Mercer, J. F. B., J. Smith, A. Grimes, J. McC Howell, P. Gill, and D. M. Danks. "Zinc, Copper and Metallothionein mRNA in Sheep Liver during Development." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 6, 679–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0723-5_249.

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Moksnes, Knut, Hans Jørgen Larsen, and Gunnar Øvernes. "Immune Responses as Parametres for Selenium Tolerance Determination in Sheep." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 6, 91–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0723-5_28.

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Purser, D. B., D. G. Masters, P. L. Payne, and R. Maller. "The Use of Multivariate Analysis to Identify Limiting Trace Elements in Sheep." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 6, 443–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0723-5_153.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sheep [trade]"

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Crampton, Erica B., Spencer P. Magleby, and Larry L. Howell. "Realizing Origami Mechanisms From Metal Sheets." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68025.

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Consideration of a product’s manufacturability is a vital aspect of product design. When considering manufacturability of panels for origami-adapted products, there are trade-offs between panel design approaches as well as thickness-accommodation techniques. The use of bent sheet metal for panels shows promise as a panel design approach that mitigates several of these trade-offs. This paper describes a process that can be employed to use sheet metal in designs of origami-adapted mechanisms that utilize specific thickness-accommodation techniques. The process is demonstrated for a square-twist mechanism designed using the hinge shift technique for accommodating thickness in origami patterns. A Miura-ori mechanism is also shown in sheet metal. The characteristics of these bent panel approaches are discussed and compared to other approaches for designing panels for manufacturing. The use of bent sheet metal panels allows for mitigation of several trade-offs and shows the applicability of origami-adapted design to sheet metal.
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BUCKLEY, M., K. FERTIG, and D. SMITH. "Design sheet - An environment for facilitating flexible trade studies during conceptual design." In Aerospace Design Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-1191.

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Petrilean, Dan Codrut. "REAL EXERGETIC BALANCE SHEET OF ROOFTOP TRANE 60 KW." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b41/s17.056.

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Reddy, Sudhakar Y., and Kenneth W. Fertig. "Managing Function Constraints in Design Sheet™." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/dtm-5645.

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Abstract Design Sheet™ is a constraint management system specially designed for doing conceptual design cost and performance tradeoff studies. It represents the design models as constraints between design variables, and uses graph-theoretic algorithms to decompose large systems of nonlinear equations into smaller pieces that can be solved robustly. This paper describes extensions to Design Sheet that enable it to manage functions as variables in a constraint network. The paper also discusses the new capabilities of function encapsulation and explicit differentiation that are built on top of these extensions. The ability to encapsulate a part of the constraint network into a function, and use it in other constraints, promotes model reuse and improves computational efficiency. The capability to automatically differentiate certain variables with respect to other design variables allows Design Sheet to be used for solving practical optimization problems. In combination with the tradeoff capability, this enables the designer to track changing optima in trade studies. The paper also provides a couple of optimization examples to demonstrate these new capabilities.
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Springston, George E., Marjorie Gale, and Peter C. Ryan. "DISTRIBUTION OF MAJOR AND TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY OF TILL, MONTPELIER 1:100,000 SHEET, CENTRAL VERMONT." In Joint 52nd Northeastern Annual Section and 51st North-Central Annual GSA Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017ne-291382.

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Sahu, Govind N., Sumit Saxena, Prashant K. Jain, J. J. Roy, M. K. Samal, and Puneet Tandon. "Shell Element Formulation Based Finite Element Modeling, Analysis and Experimental Validation of Incremental Sheet Forming Process." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53146.

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This paper presents the effect of shell element formulations on the response parameters of incremental sheet metal forming process. In this work, computational time, profile prediction and thickness distribution are investigated by both finite element analysis and experimentally. The experimental results show that the thickness distribution is in good agreement with the results obtained with Belytschko-Tsay (BT) and Improved Flanagan-Belytschko (IFB) shell element formulations. These two shell element formulations do trade-off between computational time and accuracy. For more accurate results, the BT shell element formulation is better and for less computational time with good results, the IFB shell element is preferable. Finally, BT shell element formulation has been chosen for FE Analysis of ISF process in HyperWorks, since the results of thickness distribution and profile prediction is in better agreement with the experimental results as well as the computational time is less among the shell elements.
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Ishida, Sachiko, and Hakimi Azuri. "Experimental Study on Folding Patterns and Deployability of Inflatable Structures." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98107.

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Abstract In this study, the authors experimentally investigate the relationship between folding patterns and performances of inflatable structures; compactness and deployability. Inflatable structures are widely applied in various engineering fields such as airbags in automobile industry, inflatable building in architectural field, and inflatable satellite antenna and landing equipment to Mars in space engineering field. However, these two requirements can be a tradeoff, as a compact product is hard to deploy in general. As a possible solution, circular spiral patterns are adopted in this study, because 1) they can be simultaneously deployed along spiral fold lines that is an advantage on deployability, and 2) the removal of the core of the circular sheet can make the sheet folded more compactly that is an advantage on compactness. Inflation models with different design parameters are created and tested. As experimental results, the inflation time (i. e. deployablity) and the initial width (i. e. compactness) can be optimized simultaneously in terms of four design parameters, but a trade-off relationship is observed in terms of the rest parameter; the folding angle formed by the V-shaped fold lines.
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Peraza Hernandez, Edwin A., Darren J. Hartl, Richard J. Malak, and Dimitris C. Lagoudas. "Analysis and Optimization of a Shape Memory Alloy-Based Self-Folding Sheet Considering Material Uncertainties." In ASME 2015 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2015-9001.

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Origami-inspired active structures have important characteristics such as reconfigurability and the ability to adopt compact flat forms for storage. A self-folding shape memory alloy (SMA)-based laminated sheet is considered in this work wherein SMA wire meshes comprise the top and bottom layers and a thermally insulating compliant elastomer comprises the middle layer. Uncertainty in various parameters (e.g. material properties) may affect the performance of the sheet, which is explored here. Different modeling approaches are studied in order to compare their accuracy and computational cost. A numerical approach based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is selected due to its accuracy when compared to higher fidelity finite element simulations and its low computational cost, necessary to perform a large number of design evaluations as required for uncertainty analysis. Optimization is performed considering uncertainty in the material properties. Failure probabilities under mechanical constraints and expected values of fold curvature and blocking moment are considered during optimization of the self-folding sheet. The multiobjective genetic algorithm for technology characterization P3GA is used to obtain the Pareto dominant designs. Most designs forming the Pareto frontier have the same values for certain design parameters such as the distance between the wires in the SMA meshes non-dimensionalized by SMA wire thickness, elastomer layer thickness non-dimensionalized by SMA wire thickness, and applied temperature. The design parameter deciding the trade-off between fold curvature and blocking moment is found to be the SMA wire thickness.
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Voges, M., R. Schnell, C. Willert, R. Mo¨nig, M. W. Mu¨ller, and C. Zscherp. "Investigation of Blade Tip Interaction With Casing Treatment in a Transonic Compressor: Part 1—Particle Image Velocimetry." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50210.

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A single-stage transonic axial compressor was equipped with a casing treatment (CT), consisting of 3.5 axial slots per rotor pitch in order to investigate the predicted extension of the stall margin characteristics both numerically and experimentally. Contrary to most other studies the CT was designed especially accounting for an optimized optical access in the immediate vicinity of the CT, rather than giving maximum benefit in terms of stall margin extension. Part 1 of this two-part contribution describes the experimental investigation of the blade tip interaction with casing treatment using Particle image velocimetry (PIV). The nearly rectangular geometry of the CT cavities allowed a portion of it to be made of quartz glass with curvatures matching the casing. Thus the flow phenomena could be observed with essentially no disturbance caused by the optical access. Two periscope light sheet probes were specifically designed for this application to allow for precise alignment of the laser light sheet at three different radial positions in the rotor passage (87.5%, 95% and 99%). For the outermost radial position the light sheet probe was placed behind the rotor and aligned to pass the light sheet through the blade tip clearance. It was demonstrated that the PIV technique is capable of providing velocity information of high quality even in the tip clearance region of the rotor blades. The chosen type of smoke-based seeding with very small particles (about 0.5 μm in diameter) supported data evaluation with high spatial resolution, resulting in a final grid size of 0.5 × 0.5 mm. The PIV data base established in this project forms the basis for further detailed evaluations of the flow phenomena present in the transonic compressor stage with CT and allows validation of accompanying CFD calculations using the TRACE code. Based on the combined results of PIV measurements and CFD calculations of the same compressor and CT geometry a better understanding of the complex flow characteristics can be achieved, as detailed in Part 2 of this paper.
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Lopp, Garrett K., and Jeffrey L. Kauffman. "Multi-Objective Optimization for Piezoelectric-Based Approaches With Applications Toward Bladed Disks." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91861.

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Abstract Recent years have seen a wealth of research interest in piezoelectric-based applications for turbomachinery blades covering areas including vibration actuators and sensors in test environments, as well as vibration reduction approaches. The success of these applications relies on efficient exchange of vibration energy between the mechanical and electrical domains through inclusion of the piezoelectric elements on the vibrating structure. The effective electromechanical coupling coefficient measures the quality of this energy exchange for the various vibration modes of the structure; however, there is often trade-offs between the size of the piezoelectric elements and the electromechanical coupling for the various modes of interest. As such, this paper applies a multi-objective optimization algorithm that generates Pareto-optimal fronts to aid in the selection of the optimal location of off-the-shelf piezoelectric patches on the surface of each blade of an academic blisk. As the off-the-shelf patches have a fixed geometry, this paper simplifies the optimization to only include the electromechanical coupling of the modes of interest. Both a numerical and experimental application of this optimization procedure to an 8-sector blisk machined from a single sheet of aluminum shows the effectiveness of the approach.
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Reports on the topic "Sheep [trade]"

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Alviarez, Vanessa, Michele Fioretti, Ken Kikkawa, and Monica Morlacco. Two-Sided Market Power in Firm-to-Firm Trade. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003493.

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Firms in global value chains (GVCs) are granular and exert bargaining power over the terms of trade. We show that these features are crucial to understanding the well-established variation in prices and pass-through across importers and exporters. We develop a novel theory of prices in GVCs, which tractably nests a wide range of bilateral concentration and bargaining power configurations. We test and evaluate the models predictions using a novel dataset merging transaction-level U.S. import data with balance sheet data for both U.S. importers and foreign exporters. Our pricing framework enhances traditional frameworks in the literature in accurately predicting price changes following a tariff shock. The results shed light on the role of firms in determining the tariff pass-through onto import prices.
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Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio, Andre Soares, and Kun Li. Uncovering the Barriers of the China-Latin America and Caribbean Trade: Fact Sheet. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000467.

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Fabiani, Andrea, Martha López, José-Luis Peydró, Paul E. Soto, and Margaret Guerrero. Capital Controls, Domestic Macroprudential Policy and the Bank Lending Channel of Monetary Policy. Banco de la República, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1162.

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We study how capital controls and domestic macroprudential policy tame credit supply booms, respectively targeting foreign and domestic bank debt. For identification, we exploit the simultaneous introduction of capital controls on foreign exchange (FX) debt inflows and an increase of reserve requirements on domestic bank deposits in Colombia during a strong credit boom, as well as credit registry and bank balance sheet data. Our results suggest that first, an increase in the local monetary policy rate, raising the interest rate spread with the United States, allows more FX-indebted banks to carry trade cheap FX funds with more expensive peso lending, especially toward riskier, opaque firms. Capital controls tax FX debt and break the carry trade. Second, the increase in reserve requirements on domestic deposits directly reduces credit supply, and more so for riskier, opaque firms, rather than enhances the transmission of monetary rates on credit supply. Importantly, different banks finance credit in the boom with either domestic or foreign (FX) financing. Hence, capital controls and domestic macroprudential policy complementarily mitigate the boom and the associated risk-taking through two distinct channels
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Veblen, D. R., and E. S. Ilton. HRTEM/AEM study of trace metal behavior, sheet silicate reactions, and fluid/solid mass balances in porphyry copper hydrothermal systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6956149.

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NIOSH fatal occupational injury cost fact sheet: wholesale trade. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub2006156.

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NIOSH fatal occupational injury cost fact sheet: retail trade. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub2006157.

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