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1

Hashemi, A., M. Mashhadi, Mohammad Bakhshi-Jooybari, and A. Gorji. "Study of the Effect of Material Properties and Sheet Thickness on Formability of Conical Parts in Hydro-Mechanical Deep Drawing Assisted by Radial Pressure." Advanced Materials Research 445 (January 2012): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.445.149.

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Conical parts have a lot of usage in industries. Therefore, it is important to form these parts with high accuracy. In sheet forming processes, producing conical parts is one of the most difficult aspects. The two major problems that occur in the production of conical parts are rupturing and wrinkling. Among the forming processes for producing conical parts, the most capable one is hydroforming deep drawing. In this study, the effects of material properties and initial sheet thickness on forming and thickness reduction of the part were examined by using hydro-mechanical deep drawing assisted b
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2

Abe, Y., T. Kato, and Kenichiro Mori. "Joining of Aluminium Alloy and Mild Steel Sheets Using Mechanical Clinching." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 1043–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.1043.

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The aluminium alloy and mild steel sheets were joined with mechanical clinching. Deforming behaviour of the two sheets during the clinching was observed from finite element simulation and an experiment to avoid defects. The fracture of the upper sheet, necking and separation are caused by the small upper sheet thickness in the thick total thickness, the small lower sheet thickness in the thick total thickness and the small lower sheet thickness, respectively. The joining range for the combination of the upper aluminium alloy sheet of and the lower steel sheet of is larger than that of the reve
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3

Khan, Zarak, Mushtaq Khan, Syed Husain Imran Jaffery, Muhammad Younas, Kamran S. Afaq, and Muhammad Ali Khan. "Numerical and experimental investigation of the effect of process parameters on sheet deformation during the electromagnetic forming of AA6061-T6 alloy." Mechanical Sciences 11, no. 2 (2020): 329–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-11-329-2020.

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Abstract. Electromagnetic forming is a high-speed sheet metal forming technique to form metallic sheets by applying magnetic forces. In comparison to the conventional sheet metal forming process, electromagnetic forming is a process with an extremely high velocity and strain rate, which can be effectively used for the forming of certain difficult-to-form metals. During electromagnetic forming, it is important to recognise the effects of process parameters on the deformation and sheet thickness variation of the sheet metal. This research focuses on the development of a numerical model for alumi
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4

Hu, Hui E., and Liang Zhen. "Effect of Hot Rolling Deformation on Superplastic Deformation Behavior of TiNP/2014Al Composite." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.90.

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1.5 mm, 0.7 mm and 0.3 mm thicknesses TiNP/2014Al composite sheets were obtained by hot rolling deformation carried out on as-extruded TiNP/2014Al composite rod. The effect of hot rolling deformation on high strain rate superplastic deformation behavior of the composite was researched by tensile experiment, OM, and SEM. Results show that 0.7mm thickness TiNP/2014Al composite sheet can gain the maximum elongation of 351% at 818 K and 3.3×10-1 s-1, and the m value is 0.43. The optimum strain rate increases with decreasing thickness of the TiNP/2014Al composite sheets. Flow stress and work harden
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5

Roohi, Amir H., H. Moslemi Naeini, and M. Hoseinpour Gollo. "An experimental investigation of parameters effect on laser forming of Al6061-T6 sheets." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 231, no. 5 (2015): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420715599181.

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Laser forming, which is categorized as a thermal forming process, is used in forming and bending of metallic and non-metallic sheets. Laser beam irradiation causes a localized temperature increase and a localized mechanical strength decrease. In this article, the effects of four process parameters, comprising laser power, scan velocity, the number of scan passes, and sheet thickness, on laser forming of Al6061-T6 sheets are studied. A design of experiment, including response surface methodology, is carried out to limit the experimental runs and costs and to identify the parameter effects on th
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6

Ghoo, Bon Young, Jun Ho Son, Yasuyoshi Umezu, Tei Hirashima, and Yuko Watanabe. "Ultra-Thin Sheet Forming Analyses Considering Size Effects." Key Engineering Materials 794 (February 2019): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.794.295.

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Based on robust numerical formulations and various material models, finite element (FE) analysis becomes a powerful tool in conventional sheet metal forming process. Unfortunately, the present constitutive equations irrelevant to thickness that describe well conventional sheet deformation modes have difficulties being applied directly to ultra-thin sheet deformation modes. In the present study, a constitutive equation considering size effect is established by introducing a scale factor that represents size effects through thickness and width directions. Uniaxial tensile tests were used to eval
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7

Forcellese, Archimede, Filippo Gabrielli, Michela Simoncini, and Mohamad El Mehtedi. "Thickness Effect on the Formability of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheets." Key Engineering Materials 473 (March 2011): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.473.313.

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The thickness effect on formability of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet has been widely investigated by means of uniaxial tensile tests, performed in the temperature range from 250 to 350°C, with strain rates varying from 10-4 to 10-1 s-1, using samples with different thickness values (from 1.5 to 3.2 mm). A preliminary microstructural study has shown that grain size and morphology are not significantly affected by both sheet thickness and heating just before the deformation step. The experimental results of tensile tests have been analysed in terms of flow curve shape, flow stress and strain to fai
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8

Majagi, Sunil D., G. Chandramohan, and Mouleeswaran Senthil Kumar. "Effect of Incremental Forming Process Parameters on Aluminum Alloy Using Experimental Studies." Advanced Materials Research 1119 (July 2015): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1119.633.

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Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) process is Innovative and cost effective technology trend for forming products in manufacturing industries. The current research is to study and investigate the influence of incremental sheet forming process parameters on response surfaces of aluminium alloy sheet components. In this experiment, Aluminium alloy AA1050 sheet was selected to process forming by using CNC machining centre without expensive dies. Individual and interactive effect of different factors such as, thickness of sheet, tool diameter, vertical step, feed rate, and tool rotational speed at di
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9

Sudo, Masatoshi. "Effect of Rolling Friction on the Development of {111} Texture in A1050 Aluminium Sheets." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 1551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1551.

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Commercially pure aluminum (A1050) sheets have been cold- rolled in vacuum, to obtain high friction between rolls and sheet. This cold-rolling in vacuum successfully introduced large shear deformation near the sheet surface. The shear strain is the highest at the sheet surface, and rapidly decreased to zero at the quarter thickness. These high shear strains are sufficient enough to produce {111} and {001} cold- rolling, or shear texture. Conventional cold-rolling texture such as (001) [100], is naturally observed at the mid-thickness. It is confirmed that a high shear strain and probably steep
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10

Zhu, Hu, Yang Wang, Yibo Liu, and Dongwon Jung. "The Influence of Sheet Tilting on Forming Quality in Single Point Incremental Forming." Materials 14, no. 14 (2021): 3907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143907.

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In the CNC incremental forming process, the sheet tilting method can be used to realize the non-fracture forming of a surface with large forming angles. However, the forming effect of the formed part will have big differences when the inclined angle of the sheet is different. Therefore, four different tilted sheets with inclined angles of 15°, 20°, 25°, and 30° were used to study the influence of sheet tilting on forming quality by using 1060 Aluminum sheet as the forming sheet in single point CNC incremental forming. First, the influence of four different inclined angles of the sheet on the o
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11

Staron, Peter, W. V. Vaidya, Mustafa Koçak, Jens Homeyer, and J. Hackius. "Residual Stresses in Laser Beam Welded Butt Joints of the Airframe Aluminium Alloy AA6056." Materials Science Forum 524-525 (September 2006): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.524-525.413.

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Residual stresses in CO2 laser beam welded AA6056 Al-sheets of 3.2 and 6.0 mm thicknesses were studied using neutron and high-energy X-ray diffraction. The influence of the temper T4 and T6 before welding, the effect of sheet thickness in T6 temper, and the effectiveness of post-weld heat treatments T6 and T78 for the reduction of residual stresses in the sheets welded initially in the T4 temper were examined. It was found that tensile longitudinal stresses were significantly higher when welded in T6 than in T4. With the increase in the sheet thickness from 3.2 to 6.0 mm, the residual stress p
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12

Kobayashi, M., Y. Kurosaki, and N. Kawai. "Effect of Thickness on the Pure Stretchability of Aluminum Sheets." Journal of Engineering for Industry 112, no. 4 (1990): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899597.

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The effects of the thickness, lubricant, and temper of metals on pure stretchability of aluminum sheets have been studied. The pure stretchability of the sheet metals was markedly deteriorated by decreasing both the thickness in every lubricant and the temper of metal used in this experiment. The optimum frictional coefficient, which gives a maximum of the critical forming depth, was found in this experiment, and it was confirmed to change with the thickness and temper of metal. The thickness dependence of the critical forming depth was analytically calculated by means of Hill’s diffuse neck c
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13

Cutler, Nadine N., C. F. Raymond, E. D. Waddington, D. A. Meese, and R. B. Alley. "The effect of ice-sheet thickness change on the accumulation history inferred from GISP2 layer thicknesses." Annals of Glaciology 21 (1995): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026030550001555x.

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Net accumulation rates at the Greenland summit have been inferred using layer-thickness data from the GISP2 ice core with corrections for strain using a non-linear, one-dimensional flow model of an ice sheet. The flow model accounts for thickness changes in ice-sheet in response to mass-balance variations. The model is used to investigate how net accumulation-rate changes affect the time evolution of: (1) the ice-sheet thickness. (2) the vertical strain rate, and (3) the corresponding internal annual-layer structure. The model, parameterized to fit the present net accumulation rate and thickne
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14

Cutler, Nadine N., C. F. Raymond, E. D. Waddington, D. A. Meese, and R. B. Alley. "The effect of ice-sheet thickness change on the accumulation history inferred from GISP2 layer thicknesses." Annals of Glaciology 21 (1995): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s026030550001555x.

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Net accumulation rates at the Greenland summit have been inferred using layer-thickness data from the GISP2 ice core with corrections for strain using a non-linear, one-dimensional flow model of an ice sheet. The flow model accounts for thickness changes in ice-sheet in response to mass-balance variations. The model is used to investigate how net accumulation-rate changes affect the time evolution of: (1) the ice-sheet thickness. (2) the vertical strain rate, and (3) the corresponding internal annual-layer structure. The model, parameterized to fit the present net accumulation rate and thickne
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15

Lambiase, Francesco, Alfonso Paoletti, and Antoniomaria di Ilio. "Experimental Investigation of Parameters Effect on Laser Forming Productiveness." Key Engineering Materials 473 (March 2011): 791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.473.791.

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In the present study the deformation behaviour of thin steel sheets processed by using laser forming has been investigated as well as the temperature distribution along the sheet thickness. A campaign of experimental tests has been carried out on stainless steel AISI 304 in order to evaluate the influence of the main process parameters, such as laser power, scanning speed and sheet thickness on the bending angle and temperature of upper and lower surfaces. In addition, in order to prevent oxidation, the optimal interval duration between two consecutive scans has been assessed. A productivity i
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16

Duan, Runze, Zhiying Chen, and Liansheng Liu. "Effect of velocity profile on instability of the viscoelastic liquid sheet." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229, no. 11 (2014): 2031–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214551011.

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A linear analysis method has been used to investigate the instability behavior of the viscoelastic liquid sheets moving in the surrounding ambient gas. The gas boundary layer thickness and the liquid sheet velocity profile were taken into account. The effects of gas and liquid viscosity on the growth rate were revealed. The governing equations were obtained through analysis of the liquid and gas domain and solved using the spectral method. The viscoelastic rheological parameters and some flow parameters have been tested to investigate their influences on the instability of the viscoelastic liq
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17

Shahzamanian, Mohammadmehdi, David Lloyd, Amir Partovi, and Peidong Wu. "Study of Influence of Width to Thickness Ratio in Sheet Metals on Bendability under Ambient and Superimposed Hydrostatic Pressure." Applied Mechanics 2, no. 3 (2021): 542–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmech2030030.

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The effect of the width to thickness ratio on the bendability of sheet metal is investigated using the finite element method (FEM) employing the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) model. Strain path changes in the sheet with change in the width/thickness ratio. It is shown that bendability and fracture strain increase significantly by decrease in the width/thickness ratio. The stress state is almost uniaxial when the stress ratio (α) is close to zero for narrow sheets. Stress ratio is nothing but the major stress to minor stress ratio. This delays the growth and coalescence of micro-voids as the
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18

Jin, Hai Ou, and A. K. Gupta. "The Effect of through-Thickness Texture Inhomogeneity on Roping Behavior in AA6111 Al-Si-Mg Alloy." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.273.

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The through-thickness textures of different variants of AA6111 T4 sheets were investigated by using X-ray pole figure technique, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) technique in SEM. The roping behaviors of the sheets were determined and corelated to the through-thickness texture inhomogeneity. It has been demonstrated that (i) roping is due to through-thickness texture inhomogeneity, (ii) roping occurs in AA6111 when the cube and Goss texture components segregate along the rolling direction (RD) and alternate in the transverse direction (TD), (i
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19

Wang, Yan Qi, Yong Qi Cheng, Peng Zhang, Gan Luo, Peng Bin Li, and Kui Jiang. "Effect of Lubrication Conditions on the Forming Limit of Deep Drawing of 6061 Aluminum Alloy Sheet." Materials Science Forum 944 (January 2019): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.944.85.

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With the development of lightweight vehicles, aluminum alloy sheets are increasingly used in the automotive field. However, the aluminum alloy sheet has poor forming performance at room temperature. Therefore, how to improve the sheet metal forming performance of aluminum alloy sheet has become one of the current research hotspots. In this paper, the effects of different lubricants on the deep drawing forming properties of 6061 aluminum alloy sheets were studied by cupping experiments. The effects of lubricants on the deep drawing of sheet metal forming and the wall thickness of cups after dee
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20

Srinivasan, R., and G. Karthik Raja. "Experimental study on bending behaviour of aluminium-copper clad sheets in V-bending process." Mechanics & Industry 20, no. 6 (2019): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2019059.

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The bimetallic sheets are used in the industrial sheet metal products to meet the demands of multi-functionality. The bending behaviour of bimetallic sheet is contributed by individual layers of the sheet and it is entirely different from the monolithic material. In this study, V-bending experiments are carried out to understand the springback, bend force and thickness change of Al-Cu clad sheets. The effect of different parameters such as sheet thickness, sheet setting condition, die angle, die opening and punch radius have been investigated. The results indicated that springback is more for
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21

Srinuan, Phakphum, Jeerapatr O. Baiyokvichit, Rasana Boonpeng, Tanapol Wongwisatekit, Pacharaporn Pattanasukwasan, and Irada Karnjanangulpan. "The Effect of Thermoforming on Tear Strength of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Mouthguard Material in Various Thicknesses." Key Engineering Materials 751 (August 2017): 657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.657.

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The effect of thermoforming on the tear strength of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mouthguard material (Bioplast®) has not been widely investigated. The present study compared the tear strengths of non-processed and processed EVA specimens in various thicknesses. Two groups of EVA sheet (non-processed and processed) in three different thicknesses of 3, 4 and 5 mm were used in specimen fabrication. The processed EVA sheets were achieved by forming the EVA sheet on the cylindrical stone model with the pressure-molding device (Biostar®). Twelve of tear strength specimens of non-processed and proces
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22

Zhu, Hu, Yang Wang, and Dong Won Jung. "The Effect of the Sheet Metal Postures on the Forming Thickness Based on the Finite Element Analysis." Materials Science Forum 1018 (January 2021): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1018.131.

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In order to analysis the effect of the sheet metal postures on the forming thickness, the horizontal sheet posture, the multidirectional sheet postures with the inclined angle of , and the multidirectional sheet postures obtained after optimization were respectively used for comparative analysis through the numerical simulation against the same model. The result shows that the optimized multidirectional sheet metal postures can reduce the overall thickness difference of the formed part and realize the thickness uniformity.
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23

LIANG, Wei, Tieping WEI, and Xiaoxiang YANG. "Constitutive Model of Thin Metal Sheet in Bulging Test Considering Strain Gradient Hardening." Materials Science 26, no. 4 (2020): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.26.4.22201.

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The study of the size effect was one of the most important subjects in the field of micro-forming. To investigate the stress of the thin sheet in the bulging test with the second order size effect, a constitutive equation considering the strain gradient hardening was proposed. Based on the equation, the stress of the thin sheet during the bulging test was calculated by the finite element method. The bulging tests with various thicknesses of brass sheets and radiuses of punching balls were performed to verify the proposed equation. The results showed that the constitutive equation could capture
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24

Huang, Shu, Jian Zhong Zhou, X. D. Yang, Hong Yan Ruan, Deng Hui Wei, and J. R. Fan. "Investigation on the Effect of Thickness to Sheet Metal Treated by Laser Peen Forming." Key Engineering Materials 464 (January 2011): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.464.33.

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After the mechanisms of laser peen forming (LPF) were analyzed, the effect of sheet metal’s thickness on LPF was discussed in theory. The analysis model that residual stresses brought sheet bending was established, and the relationship between thickness and arc height of sheet metal was obtained. The process of laser shock wave loading during LPF was modeled, and then the residual stresses and deformation of the peened sheet were simulated by ABAQUS software. The results indicated that LPF use bending moments caused by residual stress to induce deformation, which was agreed with the theory ana
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25

Pancholi, Vivek, K. Rohit, and A. Raja. "Effect of Different Proportion of Coarse and Fine Grain Microstructure on Superplastic Forming Characteristics." Materials Science Forum 838-839 (January 2016): 528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.838-839.528.

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The study was carried out to understand the effect of inhomogeneous microstructure on thickness variation in superplastically formed bulge. Friction stir processing was performed at rotational and traverse speeds of 720rpm and 155mm/min respectively on a 6mm sheet maintaining 50% overlap on the retreating side. Different probe dimensions were selected to obtain different proportions of fine grained stir zone in thickness direction. The proportions of the fine grained stir zone were 25%, 50%, 72% and, 100%. The sheets containing inhomogeneous microstructure were subjected to superplastic bulge
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26

Ryou, Han Sun, Myoung Gyu Lee, Chong Min Kim, and Kwan Soo Chung. "Numerical Evaluation of Crashworthiness of Automotive Sheets." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 1537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.1537.

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Crash simulations were performed for automotive sheets. To understand the influence of crystal structures in sheet materials on crashworthiness, the effect of the yield function shape was studied by adopting the recently developed non-quadratic anisotropic yield surface, Yld2004-18p. The effect of the back-stress was also investigated by comparing simulation results obtained for the isotropic, kinematic and combined isotropic-kinematic hardening laws based on the modified Chaboche model. In addition, the effects of anisotropy and sheet thickness on crashworthiness were evaluated.
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CHAIJIT, Seksan, Shigeru NAGASAWA, Yasushi FUKUZAWA, Mitsuhiro MURAYAMA, and Isamu KATAYAMA. "319 Effect of Tip Thickness on Cutting Workability of Trapezoidal Bevel Blade Indented to Aluminum Sheet." Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2006.43 (2006): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2006.43.101.

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Ikawa, Shingo, Mineo Asano, Mitsutoshi Kuroda, and Kengo Yoshida. "Effect of texture variation through sheet thickness on bendability in aluminum alloy sheet*." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 61, no. 2 (2011): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.61.53.

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Sahu, Jambeswar, Shanta Chakrabarty, Rajesh Raghavan, and Sushil Mishra. "Investigations of size effect on formability and microstructure evolution in SS304 thin foils." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 53, no. 7 (2018): 517–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309324718792443.

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In the micro-forming process when the thickness of the sheet material is comparable to the intrinsic length scales of that material, deformation behaviour differs from that which is expected in the macroscopic sheet material. In this study, size effects of SS304 foils have been investigated using tensile and limiting dome height tests along with careful microstructural investigations. SS304 foils of differing thicknesses but similar grain size have been deformed under varying strain path conditions to capture the impact of foil thickness on the mechanical response and microstructure evolution.
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30

Lee, M. S., J. H. Moon, and C. G. Kang. "Effect of the Die Temperature and Blank Thickness on the Formability of a Laser-Welded Blank of a Boron Steel Sheet with Removing Al-Si Coating Layer." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 925493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/925493.

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Reducing carbon emissions has been a major focus in the automobile industry to address various environmental issues. In particular, studies on parts comprised of high strength sheets and light car bodies are ongoing. Accordingly, this study examined the use of boron steel, which is commonly used in high strength sheets. Boron steel is a type of sheet used for hot stamping parts. Although it has high strength, the elongation is inferior, which reduces its crash energy absorption capacity. To solve this problem, two sheets of different thickness were welded so the thin sheet would absorb crash e
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Kotani, Yuji, Akihiro Watanabe, and Hisaki Watari. "Effect of Tool Shape on Increases in Sheet Thickness during Drawing and Ironing." Advanced Materials Research 320 (August 2011): 462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.320.462.

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Prior knowledge of local increase in sheet metal thickness due to forming of products would contribute to decreasing total product weight by giving the product designer an advance notice of the appropriate sheet metal thickness distribution in a product. A method using simulation to accurately predict such increases would greatly aid the designer in this task. The designer can then distribute thicker parts where a large area moment of inertia is needed from the viewpoint of structural strength in a given section. In terms of optical designing for variable thickness distribution in products, th
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32

Habibi Parsa, Mohammad, Seyed Vahid Mohammadi, and Ehsan Mohseni. "Thickness change and springback of cold roll bonded aluminum/copper clad sheets in air bending process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, no. 4 (2016): 675–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405415578724.

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In this article, an advanced analytical formulation is developed to predict thickness change of an aluminum/copper clad sheet. Springback analytical formulation is also introduced using the combination of advanced and primary bending theories in air bending process. Experiments were performed to verify analytical results and to investigate the effect of different geometrical parameters such as punch stroke, die opening, punch radius and setting condition on the springback. It was observed that die opening had the most striking effect, while setting condition had a negligible effect on springba
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33

Wang, Y., and L. Bourouiba. "Drop impact on small surfaces: thickness and velocity profiles of the expanding sheet in the air." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 814 (February 8, 2017): 510–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.18.

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We consider the radially expanding sheet formed upon impact of a drop on a surface of comparable size to that of the drop. A unified self-similar solution for the unsteady radial thickness profile of the expanding sheet is derived from first principles in the inviscid limit. This unified functional form reconciles two conflicting theoretical profiles of sheet thickness proposed in the literature and allows for the collapse on a single curve direct measurements of sheet thickness profiles reported in the literature and the detailed measurements conducted herein. We show good agreement between o
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34

Korouyeh, R. Safdarian, Hassan Moslemi Naeini, M. J. Torkamany, and J. Sabaghzadee. "Effect of Laser Welding Parameters on Forming Behavior of Tailor Welded Blanks." Advanced Materials Research 445 (January 2012): 406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.445.406.

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Tailor Welded Blanks (TWB) are blanks in which two or more sheets of similar or dissimilar materials, thicknesses, coatings etc. are welded together to form a single sheet before forming. Forming behavior of TWBs is affected by thickness ratio, strength ratio, weld conditions such as weld properties, weld orientation, weld location etc. In this work, Nd:YAG laser welding will be use to weld TWB with different thickness in experimental test. Nd:YAG laser welding parameters such as pulse duration, welding velocity, frequency and peak power will affect formability of TWBs. Taguchis design of expe
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35

Furushima, Tsuyoshi, Kohei Aoto, and Sergei Alexandrov. "A New Compression Test for Determining Free Surface Roughness Evolution in Thin Sheet Metals." Metals 9, no. 4 (2019): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9040451.

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In sheet microforming processes, in-surface principal strain rates may be compressive such that the thickness of the sheet increases in the process of deformation. In general, the evolution of free surface roughness depends on the sense of the principal strain normal to the free surface. Therefore, in order to predict the evolution of free surface roughness in processes in which this normal principal strain is positive by means of empirical equations, it is necessary to carry out experiments in which the thickness of the sheet increases. Conventional experiments, such as the Marciniak test, do
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Arbo, Siri Marthe, Ida Westermann, and Bjørn Holmedal. "Influence of Stacking Sequence and Intermediate Layer Thickness in AA6082-IF Steel Tri-Layered Cold Roll Bonded Composite Sheets." Key Engineering Materials 767 (April 2018): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.767.316.

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In tri-layered Cold Roll Bonded (CRB) composite sheets of dissimilar metals, uneven thickness reduction of the different layers have been observed. This has been explained by the difference in yield strength/flow stress of the metals. The aim of this research was to study if these observations also depend on different parameters such as stacking sequence and initial sheet thickness, as opposed to only material properties. Hence, tri-layered CRB composite sheets consisting of AA6082 and IF-steel were produced with two different stacking sequences, St/Al/St vs Al/St/Al. Two different layer thick
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37

Liu, Zun Chao, Ke Wang, Tong Liu, Wei Feng Xu, and Min Shan Liu. "Structural Analysis and Optimization of Transition Section of Convex Tube Sheet." Applied Mechanics and Materials 853 (September 2016): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.853.356.

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The convex tube sheet which is used in heat recovery boiler consists of three parts: the high temperature tube sheet, the low temperature tube sheet and the transition section.Three-dimensional finite element model of convex tube sheet in new type of heat recovery boiler is established in this paper. Using the ANSYS Workbench software, thermal stress of the convex tube sheet is analyzed. The temperature fields and thermal stress distribution of convex tube sheet are obtained, and its structure strength is checked. The effects of the high temperature tube sheet thickness, low temperature tube s
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38

Zhou, Liu Ru. "The Effect of Forming Half-Apex Angle on Incremental Sheet Metal Forming." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1514.

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The incremental sheet metal forming technology is a flexible forming technology without dedicated forming dies. The locus of the forming tool can be adjusted by correcting the numerical model of the product. The effect of forming half-apex angle on forming process with all kind of sheet material, sheet thickness and ironing ratio is researched. The limit half-apex angle is different for all kind of sheet material and thickness. The limit half-apex angle is smaller for the larger thickness of sheet metal. It will succeed in square conical box incremental forming in a single tool-path if the for
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39

Wu, Junfeng, Shikun Zou, Yongkang Zhang, and Shuili Gong. "Surface Morphology and Bending Deformation of 2024-T3 Thin Sheets with Laser Peen Forming." MATEC Web of Conferences 167 (2018): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816703007.

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Laser peen forming (LPF) is a pure mechanical forming method through accumulated plastic strain, which has been successfully applied in wing components. Experimental investigation has been performed to understand the effect of process parameters such as constraint conditions, sheet thickness and laser energy on surface morphology and bending deformation of 2024-T3 thin sheets of dimensions of 76 mm ×19 mm (length × width). The research results indicated that bulges on the aluminum foil were generated at the bottom surface and not generated at the topmost surface. It was different for transitio
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40

Jweeg, Muhsin J., Adnan I. Mohammed, and Mohammed S. Jabbar. "Investigation of Thickness Distribution Variation in Deep Drawing of Conical Steel Products." Engineering and Technology Journal 39, no. 4A (2021): 586–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v39i4a.1908.

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This study investigates the thickness variation behavior of deep drawing conical products under the effect of different forming parameters such as die wall inclination angle, punch velocity, sheet thickness, and sheet metal type. Two types of sheet metal were used, low carbon (AISI 1008) and galvanized steel sheets, of 110 mm diameters circular blanks at 0.9 and 1.2mm thickness formed by tooling set (punch, die, and blank holder). The conical dies inclination angles were at 70ᵒ, 72ᵒ, and 74ᵒ where, the punch velocity was 100, 150, and 200 mm/min. Numerical simulation was conducted using ABAQUS
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41

Martínez-Palmeth, L. H., Andrés Jesús Martínez-Donaire, C. Vallellano, G. Centeno, and F. J. García-Lomas. "Experimental Study of the Formability of H240LA Steel Sheets under Stretch-Bending Conditions." Key Engineering Materials 549 (April 2013): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.549.349.

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The present work discusses the effect of the punch radius on the formability of H240LA steel sheets of 1.2mm thickness. A series of hemispherical punch tests (Nakazima tests) and stretch-bending tests with cylindrical punches of different diameters have been carried out in order to characterize the influence of the strain gradient in the sheet failure. The limit strains have been obtained using a recently proposed time-dependent methodology, which is applicable not only in conventional Marciniak and Nakazima tests, but also in situations with a severe strain gradient through the sheet thicknes
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42

O’Kiely, D., C. J. W. Breward, I. M. Griffiths, P. D. Howell, and U. Lange. "Edge behaviour in the glass sheet redraw process." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 785 (November 17, 2015): 248–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.629.

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Thin glass sheets may be manufactured using a two-part process in which a sheet is first cast and then subsequently reheated and drawn to a required thickness. The latter redrawing process typically results in a sheet with non-uniform thickness and with smaller width than the cast glass block. Experiments suggest that the loss of width can be minimized and the non-uniformities can be essentially confined to thickening at the sheet edges if the heater zone through which the glass is drawn is made very short. We present a three-dimensional mathematical model for the redraw process and consider t
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43

Han, Li, Ken W. Young, R. Hewitt, A. Chrysanthou, and J. M. O'Sullivan. "The Effect of Pre-Straining on the Mechanical Behaviour of Self-Piercing Riveted Aluminium Alloy Sheets." Advanced Materials Research 6-8 (May 2005): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.6-8.157.

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Self-piercing riveting as an alternative joining method to spot-welding has attracted considerable interest from the automotive industry and has been widely used in aluminium intensive vehicles. Pressing and stamping are important processes in automotive production and result in additional straining on the vehicle body sheet material. It is therefore important to have knowledge of the effect of sheet pre-straining on the quality of the self-piercing riveted joints and on the mechanical behaviour of the riveted aluminium alloy sheets. This paper reports the influence of sheet pre-straining on t
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44

Pöplau, Julia, Sebastian Stille, Thijs Romans, Tilmann Beck, Lorenz Singheiser, and Gerhard Hirt. "The Influence of Process Parameters on the Forming of Riblets during Riblet Rolling." Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (May 2014): 715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.715.

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In aeronautics, economic and environmental aspects become increasingly important. As those are very much influenced by the frictional drag of the airplane, a reduction of skin friction which causes a major portion of total aerodynamic drag is desirable. One possible approach for passive drag reduction is the application of riblets small longitudinal grooves orientated in flow direction. Through an adapted rolling process, riblets can be brought into metal sheets on a large scale. For this process a thin high-strength steel wire is wound around a work roll to structure it with the negative ribl
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Guo, Junhong, Tuoya Sun, and Ernian Pan. "Three-dimensional buckling of embedded multilayered magnetoelectroelastic nanoplates/graphene sheets with nonlocal effect." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 18-19 (2019): 2870–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19873397.

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This article presents an exact analysis for the three-dimensional buckling problem of embedded multilayered magnetoelectroelastic and simply supported nanoplates/graphene sheets with nonlocal effect. The interaction between the multilayered nanoplates/graphene sheets and their surrounding medium is simulated by a Pasternak-type foundation. The critical loads for embedded multilayered magnetoelectroelastic nanoplates/graphene sheets under uniaxial and biaxial compression at small scale are then derived by solving the linear eigensystem and making use of the propagator matrix method. A compariso
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46

Tokaji, K., Z. Ando, and K. Nagae. "The Effect of Sheet Thickness on Near-Threshold Fatigue Crack Propagation and Oxide and Roughness-Induced Crack Closure." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 109, no. 1 (1987): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3225940.

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Characteristics of fatigue crack propagation have been investigated in a low carbon steel and a high tensile strength steel to evaluate the effect of sheet thickness. Crack propagation data are generated over a wide range of growth rates, from 10−8 to 10−3 mm/cycle, for load ratios of 0.05 and 0.70 at room temperature in laboratory air. Particular emphasis is placed on behavior at near-threshold growth rates. Near-threshold fatigue crack propagation behavior is found to show a marked sensitivity to sheet thickness, and near-threshold growth rates decrease and threshold values increase with inc
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47

Zhang, Y., and D. Taylor. "Sheet thickness effect of spot welds based on crack propagation." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 67, no. 1 (2000): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7944(00)00029-1.

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48

KOBAYASHI, Masanori, Yasushi KUROSAKI, and Nozomu KAWAI. "Effect of thickness on the pure stretchability of sheet metals." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 55, no. 516 (1989): 2221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.55.2221.

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49

Černý, Ivo, and Jiří Sís. "Evaluation of Fatigue Strength of Different Thickness Laser Welded S355 Steel Sheets Considering Microstructure, Surface Conditions and Residual Stresses." Key Engineering Materials 713 (September 2016): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.713.82.

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The paper contains results of experimental programme aimed at evaluation of fatigue resistance of laser welded 6 mm and 10 mm thick sheets of a low alloy structural S355 steel. High cycle fatigue tests were performed to verify fatigue strength of the sheets containing laser welds performed with optimised laser welding parameters. Surface of the sheets was in as-received conditions simulating real welding applications. The results are compared to each other and to fatigue S-N curve of the S355 material evaluated on quite small standard specimens. Endurance limit of the 10 mm thick laser welded
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50

Cai, Wei, Zao Qi Hu, and Hong Fang Liu. "Effect of Ni on Characteristics and Structure of Aluminium Brass." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 1347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.1347.

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Studying effects of Ni content (0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0%) on structure and properties of aluminum brass (Cu-22.7Zn-3.0Al) as-cast ingot, cold-rolled and annealed sheet. The results show that: Ni can restrain the precipitation of β phase, and increase percentage of α phase during casting process. The proportion of α phase of ingot as-cast grows up with the increase of Ni content in the alloy. α phase refines gradually and shape changes to needle-like and distributes more uniform with the increase of Ni. The average grain size of α phase of ingot as-cast is 33.57μm, 31.78μm and 28.32μm respectively,
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