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Journal articles on the topic 'Shell disease'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2023

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1

Quinn, Robert A., Richard J. Cawthorn, Rachael L. Summerfield, Roxanna Smolowitz, and Andrei Y. Chistoserdov. "Bacterial communities associated with lesions of two forms of shell disease in the American lobster (Homarus americanus, Milne Edwards) from Atlantic Canada." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 6 (June 2013): 380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2012-0679.

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Shell disease is a major threat to the American lobster (Homarus americanus, Milne Edwards) fishery. Here we describe the composition of microbial communities associated with lesions of 2 forms of shell disease in Atlantic Canada, (i) a trauma shell disease (TSD) characterized by massive lesions and (ii) an enzootic shell disease (EnSD) characterized by irregularly shaped lesions with a distinct orange to yellow color. The microbiology of the lesions was described by polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA amplified from scrapings of the shell lesions and was compared with communities of unaffected carapaces and previously described forms of shell diseases. Both TSD and EnSD lesions were dominated by members of Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Flavobacteria, all commonly detected in other forms of shell disease; however, unique members of Epsilonproteobacteria were also present. Two Vibrio spp. and 2 Pseudoalteromonas spp. were dominant in lesions of TSD and a Tenacibaculum sp. and Tenacibaculum ovolyticum were dominant in lesions of EnSD. The TSD and EnSD in this study contained similar taxa as other shell disease forms; however, their microbiology is mostly different and neither resembles that of epizootic shell disease.

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2

Maya, Siti Maesunah Gilang, Raden Roro Fine Ayu Putri, Aisyah Sahara, Galuh Adhiyaksa Ashari, Abdurrahman Zaky, and Dimas Andrianto. "Comparison of Methods for Glucosamine Production from Achatina fulica Shells Waste." Current Biochemistry 4, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/cb.4.1.15-22.

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Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease. This disease occurs when the joint feels painful due to mild inflammation that arises due to activity with the bone of end friction joints. Glucosamine has been proven to stimulate the production of cartilage and inhibit the enzyme that destroys cartilage. Glucosamine which was obtained from the hydrolysis of chitin occurs in a variety of animals such as the shell of crustacea, insects, arthropods, and the shell of molluscs (snail shells). There is a large snail population in Indonesia. Some restaurants and people make use by product snails as food sources. However, this process leaves snail shell as a by product. The high yield of glucosamine produced from snail shells use methods such as reflux+water bath and reflux+magnetic stirrer was 1.47%. Glucosamine hydrochloride was obtained through autoclave at 121 °C and pressure 1 atm for 70 minutes. The presence of chitin, chitosan, glucosamine was confirmed using FTIR spectroscopy. A joint pain ointment was prepared using glucosamine hydrochloride from snail shells concentration at 1 % w/w. Results of this research will be very useful for the reduction of agricultural pests while simultaneously generating a new product that can lift the economic value of snail shells. Keywords: Chitin, Chitosan, Glucosamine, Osteoarthritis, Snail Shells

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3

Mosse, George L. "Shell-shock as a Social Disease." Journal of Contemporary History 35, no. 1 (January 2000): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002200940003500109.

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4

Braojos, Cheyenne, Vanesa Benitez, Miguel Rebollo-Hernanz, Silvia Cañas, Yolanda Aguilera, Silvia M. Arribas, and Maria A. Martin-Cabrejas. "Evaluation of the Hypolipidemic Properties of Cocoa Shell after Simulated Digestion Using In Vitro Techniques and a Cell Culture Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease." Proceedings 70, no. 1 (November 9, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods_2020-07669.

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Obesity is closely associated with the increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Due to the lack of proper pharmacological treatments for NAFLD, finding novel ingredients is necessary to reduce its incidence. Cocoa shell is a cocoa byproduct verified as a safe ingredient and a potential source of health-promoting compounds. Hence, this study’s main objective was to evaluate, after an in vitro simulated digestion, the hypolipidemic properties of the residual fraction of cocoa shell flour and the biological activity of the digested fractions of cocoa shell flour and extract in HepG2 cells. An in vitro static digestion (INFOGEST) of cocoa shell flour was used to establish the residual fraction’s capacity to bind cholesterol and bile salts and inhibit lipase. The results showed that digestion promoted the ability to bind cholesterol and bile salts of a residual fraction from a cocoa shell up to 65.2% and 90.5%. Moreover, digestion improved (1.6-fold, p < 0.05) the ability to inhibit lipase activity. The digested fractions of the flour and extract from the cocoa shell (50–250 µg/mL) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the accumulation of fat (17–42%), triglycerides (9–38%), and cholesterol (11–54%) in HepG2 cells after NAFLD induction with palmitic acid (500 µM). In conclusion, digestion positively impacted the hypolipidemic properties of cocoa shells in vitro and enhanced their biological activity in cell culture models. Since cocoa shells might be used as a safe, novel ingredient to prevent hyperlipidemia and regulate lipid metabolism, future animal and clinical investigations will be necessary to confirm the effects observed.

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5

Orriols, R., JL Aliaga, JM Anto, A. Ferrer, A. Hernandez, MJ Rodrigo, and F. Morell. "High prevalence of mollusc shell hypersensitivity pneumonitis in nacre factory workers." European Respiratory Journal 10, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 780–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.97.10040780.

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Following the discovery of hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by the inhalation of mollusc shell dust in two workers from a nacre-button factory, the health status of 26 workers employed in sawing mollusc shells was investigated. The evaluation included the administration of two questionnaires and radiological, functional and immunological assessments of all workers at the outset and 1 year later, when hygienic and therapeutic measures had been taken. Six workers, in whom specific inhalation challenge test was positive, were diagnosed with mollusc shell hypersensitivity pneumonitis, thus yielding a prevalence of 23%. Evidence of diffuse lung disease and systemic symptoms was found in these patients. Nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity was also found more frequently in patients with mollusc shell hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) level and specific skin testing failed to differentiate patients with mollusc shell hypersensitivity pneumonitis from other exposed workers; whereas, nonspecific skin testing, which was impaired in the patients, did differentiate. Bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy performed in patients with mollusc shell hypersensitivity pneumonitis were consistent with the disease. Removal from an environment containing mollusc shell dust was followed by regression of clinical, radiological and functional changes. The clinical picture of the 20 workers who did not present mollusc shell hypersensitivity pneumonitis remained unchanged, but functional decline was observed despite improvement in the environmental conditions of the factory. This report describes the first series of patients with mollusc shell hypersensitivity pneumonitis studied, and underlines the importance of careful follow-up of workers occupationally-exposed to mollusc shell dust.

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6

Raghukumar, C., and V. Lande. "Shell disease of rock oyster Crassostrea cucuilata." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 4 (1988): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao004077.

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7

Hokama, A., Y. Ihama, K. Kishimoto, F. Kinjo, and J. Fujita. "Gastrointestinal: The shell sign of Crohn's disease." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 23, no. 1 (December 13, 2007): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05257.x.

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8

Li, Rui, Yue Pan, Di Chen, Xiangyu Xu, Guangrong Yan, and Tianyuan Fan. "Design, Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Core–Shell Fused Deposition Modelling 3D-Printed Verapamil Hydrochloride Pulsatile Tablets." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020437.

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The aim of the study was to investigate core–shell pulsatile tablets by combining the advantages of FDM 3D printing and traditional pharmaceutical technology, which are suitable for a patient’s individual medication and chronopathology. The tablets were designed and prepared with the commercial verapamil hydrochloride tablets as core inside and the fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D-printed shell outside. Filaments composed of hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and polyethylenglycol (PEG) 400 were prepared by hot melt extrusion (HME) and used for fabrication of the shell. Seven types of printed shells were designed for the tablets by adjusting the filament composition, geometric structure and thickness of the shell. A series of evaluations were then performed on the 3D-printed core–shell tablets, including the morphology, weight, hardness, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), in vitro drug release and CT imaging. The results showed that the tablets prepared by FDM 3D printing appeared intact without any defects. All the excipients of the tablet shells were thermally stable during the extruding and printing process. The weight, hardness and in vitro drug release of the tablets were affected by the filament composition, geometric structure and thickness of the shell. The pulsatile tablets achieved personalized lag time ranging from 4 h to 8 h in the drug release test in phosphate-buffered solution (pH 6.8). Therefore, the 3D-printed core–shell pulsatile tablets in this study presented good potential in personalized administration, thereby improving the therapeutic effects of the drug for circadian rhythm disease.

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9

Caill-Milly, Nathalie, Noëlle Bru, Kélig Mahé, Catherine Borie, and Frank D'Amico. "Shell Shape Analysis and Spatial Allometry Patterns of Manila Clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) in a Mesotidal Coastal Lagoon." Journal of Marine Biology 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/281206.

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While gradual allometric changes of shells are intrinsically driven by genotype, morphometrical shifts can also be modulated by local environmental conditions. Consequently the common use of a unique dimension (usually length) to assess bivalves’ growth may mask phenotypic differences in valve shape among populations. A morphometric exhaustive study was conducted on Manila clam,Ruditapes philippinarum, by acquiring data in the French Arcachon Bay (intrasite phenotypic variability) and by comparing with other sites in the literature (intersite phenotypic variability). 2070 shells were subsampled, weighted, and automatically measured using TNPC software. Some ratios’ values indicate a relatively round and globular shape shell in comparison with other sites confirming poor conditions for some individuals. Among adult clams, three main morphological groups were identified and discussed according to spatial considerations. Allometric relations for pairs of shell descriptors were determined by testing classical linear and piecewise regression models on log-transformed relation of Huxley. A significant shape change correlated to size was observed; it corresponds to the second year of life of the clam. Relationships between density, disease, and shell shape are demonstrated and discussed related to other potential factors affecting shell shape. Finally, consequences on population regulation are addressed.

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10

Tlusty, Michael F., Anita Kim, and Kathleen M. Castro. "Modeling shell disease in American lobster (Homarus americanus) as individual-based health trajectories." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, no. 6 (June 2014): 808–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0373.

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The emergence of epizootic shell disease in American lobsters (Homarus americanus) has presented many new challenges to understanding the interface between disease and the management of the lobster fishery. While a variety of the potentially causative and correlative factors for shell disease have been explored, a clear etiological agent remains elusive. The recency of this disease and the lack of identifiable causal agents have hindered the development of conceptual models that can yield testable predictions. Here, a model originally developed for human–parasite interactions was applied to lobster shell disease as a means to unify the broad experimental and field observations. The model is a graphical means to understand the onset and severity of shell disease and is a function of the length of the molt cycle and the rate of the decrease of health both before and after lesion formation as a function of bacterial abundance and pathogenicity. The model also accounts for shell hardening and passive and active portals of entry for the bacteria. The timing for a conceptual understanding of the epidemiology of shell disease is critical because its prevalence is increasing in key fishing areas. Ideally, such a model will help researchers create hypothesis-driven predictive experiments from which we can further our understanding of an important disease to a critical member of the Gulf of Maine ecosystem.

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11

Castro, Kathleen M., Jan Robert Factor, Donald F. Landers, and Thomas Angell. "The Conceptual Approach to Lobster Shell Disease Revisited." Journal of Crustacean Biology 26, no. 4 (January 1, 2006): 646–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1651/s-2761a.1.

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12

Becker, Phoenix, Roxanna Smolowitz, Morgan Porter, Andrea Hsu, and Steven Roberts. "Characterization of Bacteria Associated With Lobster Shell Disease." Biological Bulletin 207, no. 2 (October 2004): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/bblv207n2p171.

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13

Deshpande, Saurabh Ajit, and Ameya Udyavar. "Egg-shell calcification in Pick's disease (chronic constrictive pericarditis)." Radiology Case Reports 16, no. 4 (April 2021): 847–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2021.01.042.

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14

Hernandez-Divers, Stephen J., Patrick Hensel, Juliet Gladden, Sonia M. Hernandez-Divers, Kurt A. Buhlmann, Chris Hagen, Susan Sanchez, Kenneth S. Latimer, Mary Ard, and Alvin C. Camus. "INVESTIGATION OF SHELL DISEASE IN MAP TURTLES (GRAPTEMYS SPP.)." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 45, no. 3 (July 2009): 637–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-45.3.637.

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15

Klompmaker, AA, AY Chistoserdov, and DL Felder. "Possible shell disease in 100 million-year-old crabs." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 119, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02988.

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16

Tlusty, Michael F., Roxanna M. Smolowitz, Harlyn O. Halvorson, and Simone E. DeVito. "Host Susceptibility Hypothesis for Shell Disease in American Lobsters." Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 19, no. 4 (December 2007): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/h06-014.1.

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17

Vogan, Claire L., Adam Powell, and Andrew F. Rowley. "Shell disease in crustaceans – just chitin recycling gone wrong?" Environmental Microbiology 10, no. 4 (April 2008): 826–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01514.x.

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18

Gomez-Chiarri, Marta, and J. Stanley Cobb. "Shell Disease in the American Lobster,Homarus americanus: A Synthesis of Research from the New England Lobster Research Initiative: Lobster Shell Disease." Journal of Shellfish Research 31, no. 2 (June 2012): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/035.031.0219.

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19

de Rosis, Fiorella, G. Steve, C. Biagini, and R. Maurizi-Enrici. "Treatment of Uncertainty in an Oncology Protocol by Probabilistic and Artificial Intelligence Approaches." Methods of Information in Medicine 27, no. 01 (January 1988): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1635517.

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SummaryThe decision process for diagnosis and treatment of Hodgkin’s disease at the Institute of Radiology of Rome has been modelled integrating the guidelines of a protocol with uncertainty aspects. Two models have been built, using a PROSPECTOR-like Expert System shell for microcomputers: the first of them treats the uncertainty by the inferential engine of the shell, the second is a probabilistic model. The decisions suggested in a group of simulated and real cases by a section of the two models have been compared with an “objective” final diagnosis; this analysis showed that, in some cases, the two models give different suggestions and that “approximations” of the shell’s inferential engine may induce wrong conclusions. A sensitivity analysis of the probabilistic model showed that the outputs are greatly influenced by variations of parameters, whose subjective estimation appears to be especially difficult. This experience gives the opportunity to consider the risks of building clinical decision models based on Expert System shells, if the assumptions and approximations hidden in the shell have not been previously analyzed in a careful and critical way.

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20

H.D., Mac-Eteli, and Nelson T.A. "Modelling Reviewed Hydraulic Indices of Periwinkle Shell Ash Occasioned by Variations in Calcination Temperature." International Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 5, no. 1 (December 8, 2022): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ijmce-uaufof8l.

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Periwinkle shellfish can be found in abundance in the Niger Delta's wetlands. Periwinkle shells are frequently piled in open fields and landfills, resulting in pollution and the development of disease-carrying organisms. Attempts have been made to employ periwinkle shell ash (PSA) as recycled materials in cement-based products in order to manage periwinkle shell by-products, preserve natural resources, and minimize building expenses. A better understanding of results obtained can be established using statistical tools in the analysis and modelling of the trends established with respect to reviewed papers on the PSA production parameters as well as the cement replacement level on the mechanical indices of concrete. This paper, therefore, uses statistical templates to develop analyzed models for a more enhanced understanding of trends and patterns associated with PSA processing variables and cement replacement levels on the compressive strength of concrete.

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21

Huang, Jingliang, Liping Xie, and Rongqing Zhang. "Shell repair and the potential microbial causal in a shell disease of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 86 (March 2019): 934–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.032.

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22

Gemperline, Paul J., Kevin H. Miller1, Terry L. West, John E. Weinstein, J. Craig Hamilton, and John T. Bray. "Principal Component Analysis, Trace Elements, and Blue Crab Shell Disease." Analytical Chemistry 64, no. 9 (May 1, 1992): 523A—532A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00033a719.

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23

Renault, T., B. Chollet, N. Cochennec, and A. Gerard. "Shell disease in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, reared in France." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 79, no. 1 (January 2002): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2011(02)00009-5.

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24

Gemperline, Paul J., Kevin H. Miller, Terry L. West, John E. Weinstein, J. Craig Hamilton, and John T. Bray. "Principal component analysis, trace elements, and blue crab shell disease." Analytical Chemistry 64, no. 9 (May 1992): 523A—532A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00033a001.

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25

Dastjerdi, Shahriar, Bekir Akgöz, and Ömer Civalek. "On the shell model for human eye in Glaucoma disease." International Journal of Engineering Science 158 (January 2021): 103414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2020.103414.

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26

Huchette, S., C. Paillard, J. Clavier, and R. Day. "Shell disease: abnormal conchiolin deposit in the abalone Haliotis tuberculata." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 68 (2006): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao068267.

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27

Ristiani, Wahyu, Ratna Yuniati, Retno Lestari, and Wisnu Wardhana. "Application of Coconut Shell Liquid Smoke to Control Fusarium Wilt Disease on Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg." AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science 44, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v44i1.2355.

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The study aims to observe coconut shell liquid smoke as a bio-fungicide in controlling F. oxysporum growth. The treatment was applied on sample i.e., coconut shield liquid smoke as a bio-fungicide, compared with a chemical fungicide as a positive control, and without treatment as a negative control. The direct observation was conducted for four weeks, with treatment application every seven days. The analysis of variance test shows the difference of three treatments in controlling the F. oxysporum growth for each observation period. Still, it has no difference in average in fungal growth after treatment. According to the results of weekly observations, coconut shell liquid smoke biofungicide reduces the disease severity on the tapping fields infected by F. oxysporum in the range of 13-21%, whereas chemical fungicide reduces the disease severity in the range of 1-10%. In conclusion, the ability of coconut shell liquid smoke bio-fungicide to control is relatively shorter compared to chemical fungicide. Based on the inhibition ability of coconut shield liquid smoke, it is recommended that utilize various grades of coconut shell liquid smoke as a comparison.

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28

Ardiyansah, Miftah, Ismiyati Ismiyati, and Syafrudin Syafrudin. "KAJIAN EFISIENSI BIAYA PELAKSANAAN PROYEK DENGAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CANGKANG SAWIT PADA PROSES DRYER AMP (Studi Kasus : Peningkatan Jalan Ruas Tumbang Talaken-Tumbang Jutuh Kalimantan Tengah)." Wahana Teknik Sipil: Jurnal Pengembangan Teknik Sipil 27, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.32497/wahanats.v27i2.4143.

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<p>Infrastructure Improvement which is located on Jl.Tumbang Talaken - Jl.Tumbang Jutuh with a length of 40,920 meters and a distance of 141 km to the capital city of Palangka Raya. The condition of the remote location and the fluctuating price of diesel fuel will require large costs. While around the project is an oil palm plantation and the waste is piling up. If left untreated, palm shell waste will have a negative impact and cause disease, by utilizing palm shell waste as a dryer heater in Hotmix production as a substitute for diesel fuel with the hotmix production cost efficiency analysis method on AMP so that it can reduce production costs in the project. The results of the analysis of validity and reliability show that production by gasifying palm shell waste is feasible to replace diesel fuel. The results of the BEP analysis, that the use of shells as a substitute for diesel fuel has great potential to reduce production costs, when hotmix production is at a volume of 3,826 tons. So, with a planned hotmix production volume of 22,667 tons, it is feasible to procure or invest in shell combustion equipment. Suggestions from this study that replacing dryers with palm shell waste material as a substitute for diesel fuel can be done if the road infrastructure development project is around oil palm plantations, because in addition to being able to reduce hotmix production costs on AMP it is also an environmentally friendly waste management because it has no impact negative on the environment. If the project is not located in the vicinity of an oil palm plantation, then the use of palm shell waste as a substitute for diesel fuel needs to be further researched because the efficiency value will be different</p>

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29

Vu, Sang V., Cedric Gondro, Ngoc T. H. Nguyen, Arthur R. Gilmour, Rick Tearle, Wayne Knibb, Michael Dove, In Van Vu, Le Duy Khuong, and Wayne O’Connor. "Prediction Accuracies of Genomic Selection for Nine Commercially Important Traits in the Portuguese Oyster (Crassostrea angulata) Using DArT-Seq Technology." Genes 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12020210.

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Genomic selection has been widely used in terrestrial animals but has had limited application in aquaculture due to relatively high genotyping costs. Genomic information has an important role in improving the prediction accuracy of breeding values, especially for traits that are difficult or expensive to measure. The purposes of this study were to (i) further evaluate the use of genomic information to improve prediction accuracies of breeding values from, (ii) compare different prediction methods (BayesA, BayesCπ and GBLUP) on prediction accuracies in our field data, and (iii) investigate the effects of different SNP marker densities on prediction accuracies of traits in the Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata). The traits studied are all of economic importance and included morphometric traits (shell length, shell width, shell depth, shell weight), edibility traits (tenderness, taste, moisture content), and disease traits (Polydora sp. and Marteilioides chungmuensis). A total of 18,849 single nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained from genotyping by sequencing and used to estimate genetic parameters (heritability and genetic correlation) and the prediction accuracy of genomic selection for these traits. Multi-locus mixed model analysis indicated high estimates of heritability for edibility traits; 0.44 for moisture content, 0.59 for taste, and 0.72 for tenderness. The morphometric traits, shell length, shell width, shell depth and shell weight had estimated genomic heritabilities ranging from 0.28 to 0.55. The genomic heritabilities were relatively low for the disease related traits: Polydora sp. prevalence (0.11) and M. chungmuensis (0.10). Genomic correlations between whole weight and other morphometric traits were from moderate to high and positive (0.58–0.90). However, unfavourably positive genomic correlations were observed between whole weight and the disease traits (0.35–0.37). The genomic best linear unbiased prediction method (GBLUP) showed slightly higher accuracy for the traits studied (0.240–0.794) compared with both BayesA and BayesCπ methods but these differences were not significant. In addition, there is a large potential for using low-density SNP markers for genomic selection in this population at a number of 3000 SNPs. Therefore, there is the prospect to improve morphometric, edibility and disease related traits using genomic information in this species.

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30

Yunita, Yunita, Iman Suswanto, and Sarbino Sarbino. "PENGARUH CUKA (ASAP CAIR) TEMPURUNG KELAPA TERHADAP P. palmivora PENYEBAB PENYAKIT BUSUK BUAH PADA KAKAO." Perkebunan dan Lahan Tropika 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/plt.v11i2.60096.

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Cocoa pod rot disease is one of the important diseases on cocoa crop because they cause substantial losses in crop yields. One method to control spoilage of pod using vinegar (Liquid Smoke) coconut shell. This research aims to obtain a concentration of Vinegar (Liquid Smoke) to suppress the activity of P. pamivora. The study lasted for three months in the laboratory of plant disease Faculty of Agriculture University of Tanjungpura. The method used was Complete Random Design (CRD) with 6 treatment 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40% and fungicides mancozeb 80% active material based on repeated 3 times. The observed parameters is the number of patches and spots, long observations began on the fifth day after incubation. The research results showed that rotten pod disease control using Wood Vinegar is effective at concentrations of 5% and 10% are able to inhibit the activity of P. palmivora.Keywords: Cocoa pod, Vinegar (Asap Cair) Coconut Shell, P. palmivora

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31

Segelken-Voigt, A., W. Hagen, G. Gerlach, and J. Strahl. "Shell disease does not affect biochemical profiles of the North Sea brown shrimp Crangon crangon." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 141 (September 24, 2020): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao03516.

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The brown shrimp Crangon crangon is a key component of the North Atlantic coastal food web and an important target species for the fishery economy. As the brown shrimp contains large amounts of protein and essential fatty acids, its consumption makes it a beneficial choice for humans. Commercially harvested crustaceans like C. crangon are frequently affected by bacterial shell disease, with necrotizing erosions and ulcerations of the cuticle. To determine whether shell disease influences the nutritional value of C. crangon, total protein and lipid contents, as well as fatty acid compositions of muscle tissue and hepatopancreas, together with the hepatosomatic index, were examined in healthy and affected individuals. The biochemical composition of the tissues did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Also, the hepatosomatic index, as an indicator of energy reserves in shrimps, was similar between healthy and affected animals. Our results indicate that the nutritional value of C. crangon is not affected by shell disease, as long as it remains superficial as in the present study.

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32

Tomić, Milena, Milena Šetka, Ondřej Chmela, Isabel Gràcia, Eduard Figueras, Carles Cané , and Stella Vallejos. "Cerium Oxide-Tungsten Oxide Core-Shell Nanowire-Based Microsensors Sensitive to Acetone." Biosensors 8, no. 4 (November 23, 2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios8040116.

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Gas sensitive cerium oxide-tungsten oxide core-shell nanowires are synthesized and integrated directly into micromachined platforms via aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition. Tests to various volatile organic compounds (acetone, ethanol, and toluene) involved in early disease diagnosis demonstrate enhanced sensitivity to acetone for the core-shell structures in contrast to the non-modified materials (i.e., only tungsten oxide or cerium oxide). This is attributed to the high density of oxygen vacancy defects at the shell, as well as the formation of heterojunctions at the core-shell interface, which provide the modified nanowires with ‘extra’ chemical and electronic sensitization as compared to the non-modified materials.

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33

Rebollo-Hernanz, Miguel, Yolanda Aguilera, Maria A. Martin-Cabrejas, and Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia. "Phytochemicals from the Cocoa Shell Modulate Mitochondrial Function, Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Hepatocytes via Activation of FGF21/ERK, AKT, and mTOR Pathways." Antioxidants 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2022): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010136.

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The cocoa shell is a by-product that may be revalorized as a source of bioactive compounds to prevent chronic cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemicals from the cocoa shell as targeted compounds for activating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) signaling and regulating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related biomarkers linked to oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and metabolism in hepatocytes. HepG2 cells treated with palmitic acid (PA, 500 µmol L−1) were used in an NAFLD cell model. Phytochemicals from the cocoa shell (50 µmol L−1) and an aqueous extract (CAE, 100 µg mL−1) enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation (1.7- to 3.3-fold) and FGF21 release (1.4- to 3.4-fold) via PPARα activation. Oxidative stress markers were reduced though Nrf-2 regulation. Mitochondrial function (mitochondrial respiration and ATP production) was protected by the PGC-1α pathway modulation. Cocoa shell phytochemicals reduced lipid accumulation (53–115%) and fatty acid synthase activity (59–93%) and prompted CPT-1 activity. Glucose uptake and glucokinase activity were enhanced, whereas glucose production and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity were diminished. The increase in the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, AKT, AMPKα, mTOR, and ERK1/2 conduced to the regulation of hepatic mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. For the first time, the cocoa shell phytochemicals are proved to modulate FGF21 signaling. Results demonstrate the in vitro preventive effect of the phytochemicals from the cocoa shell on NAFLD.

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Shields, Jeffrey D. "Complex etiologies of emerging diseases in lobsters (Homarus americanus) from Long Island Sound." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 70, no. 11 (November 2013): 1576–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0050.

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Several diseases have recently emerged in lobsters (Homarus americanus) from Long Island Sound (LIS). Various stressors have been implicated as contributory factors, including increased bottom temperatures, extensive eutrophication with commensurate hypoxia, storm-induced thermal destratification, possible exposures to pesticides and metals, and fishery-induced stressors. Such stressors increase host susceptibility by weakening the host immune defenses and act to increase the transmission and severity of pathogens. The lobster mortality in western LIS in 1999 was linked to Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis, but a complex of stressors resulted in outright mortality from hypoxia or consequent immune suppression that increased susceptibility to the ameba. Similar stressors have been implicated in the etiology of epizootic shell disease and calcinosis. The role of environmental stressors has been hard to delineate, but recent declines in landings indicate that epizootic shell disease has had a negative impact on the lobster population in LIS. Calcinosis, blindness, and hepatopancreatitis are indicators of continued exposure to anthropogenic stressors, but their etiologies remain undetermined. More research is needed to understand emerging diseases, their complex etiologies, and their effects on the lobster population.

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35

Palombo, Francesca, Francesco Tamagnini, J. Charles G. Jeynes, Sara Mattana, Imogen Swift, Jayakrupakar Nallala, Jane Hancock, Jonathan T. Brown, Andrew D. Randall, and Nick Stone. "Detection of Aβ plaque-associated astrogliosis in Alzheimer's disease brain by spectroscopic imaging and immunohistochemistry." Analyst 143, no. 4 (2018): 850–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7an01747b.

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36

Meres, Norman J., Cyril C. Ajuzie, Masoumeh Sikaroodi, Meghana Vemulapalli, Jeffrey D. Shields, and Patrick M. Gillevet. "Dysbiosis in Epizootic Shell Disease of the American Lobster (Homarus americanus)." Journal of Shellfish Research 31, no. 2 (June 2012): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/035.031.0206.

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37

Tarrant, Ann M., Diana G. Franks, and Tim Verslycke. "Gene Expression in American Lobster (Homarus americanus) with Epizootic Shell Disease." Journal of Shellfish Research 31, no. 2 (June 2012): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/035.031.0210.

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38

Rycroft, Nathan, Kristin Radcliffe, Erin McDougal, Julia Halverson, Gabriele Gerlach, Jana Deppermann, and Jelle Atema. "No Olfactory Recognition of Shell Disease in American Lobsters,Homarus americanus." Journal of Shellfish Research 31, no. 2 (June 2012): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/035.031.0212.

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39

Sharmila, Joseph F. R., Ravich S, ran, and Kumaravel K. "Shell disease of Neoepisesarma mederi crabs and its associated secondary infections." African Journal of Microbiology Research 7, no. 15 (April 9, 2013): 1389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr12.1768.

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40

Gutzler, Benjamin C., Tracy L. Pugh, Kadra Benhalima, and Winsor H. Watson. "Does female shell disease status influence mating success in American lobsters?" Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 548 (March 2022): 151681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2021.151681.

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41

Quinn, RA, A. Metzler, M. Tlusty, RM Smolowitz, P. Leberg, and AY Chistoserdov. "Lesion bacterial communities in American lobsters with diet-induced shell disease." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 98, no. 3 (April 26, 2012): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02446.

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42

Hokama, Akira, Takeaki Tomoyose, Tetsuo Hirata, Kohei Shimoji, Tetsu Kinjo, Kazuto Kishimoto, Hiroaki Masuzaki, and Jiro Fujita. "Tortoise shell-like mucosa of acute intestinal graft-versus-host disease." Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology 38, no. 5 (October 2014): 543–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinre.2014.03.014.

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43

Stevens, BG. "Effects of epizootic shell disease in American lobster Homarus americanus determined using a quantitative disease index." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 88 (December 22, 2009): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02135.

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44

Mazzuco, Helenice, and Antonio Gilberto Bertechini. "Critical points on egg production: causes, importance and incidence of eggshell breakage and defects." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 38, no. 1 (February 2014): 07–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542014000100001.

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The occurrence of broken eggs directly depends on the quality of the shell. It is important to consider that the problem of broken eggs is not due to a single factor but a combination of factors. Shell defects, irregularities in shell shape, texture and surface are commonly observed during a regular egg laying cycle and the causes are varied. The incidence of downgraded eggs still represents an important source of economic loss for the egg industry due to products damage and need for further processing. It is possible to obtain significant reduction in the number of eggs lost due to the inferior quality of the shell attempting to an adequate nutrition, disease control, good management practices, and use of genetic lines with higher quality eggshell traits.

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45

Davies, Charlotte E., Andrew F. Johnson, Emma C. Wootton, Spencer J. Greenwood, K. Fraser Clark, Claire L. Vogan, and Andrew F. Rowley. "Effects of population density and body size on disease ecology of the European lobster in a temperate marine conservation zone." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, suppl_1 (December 29, 2014): i128—i138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu237.

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Abstract Marine conservation zones (MCZs) are a form of spatial marine management, increasingly popular since the move towards ecosystem-based fisheries management. Implementation, however, is somewhat contentious and as a result of their short history, their effects are still widely unknown and understudied. Here, we investigate the population and health of the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) in the Lundy Island Marine Conservation Zone, Bristol Channel, UK. Using the fished refuge zone (RZ) as a control area, catch per unit effort was calculated for both the no-take zone (NTZ) and RZ and binomial logistic regression models were used to examine the effects of site, sex, landing size, and loss of chelae on the probability of shell disease and injury presence in individuals. Lobsters were also tested for the causative agent of gaffkaemia, Aerococcus viridans var. homari, and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The analysis revealed a higher lobster density and larger lobsters in the NTZ compared with the RZ. Shell disease was present in 24% of lobsters and the probability of shell disease occurrence increased notably for individuals over the minimum landing size (MLS) of 90 mm carapace length. Shell disease was also more prevalent in lobsters displaying injury, and in males. Injury was present in 33% of lobsters sampled and prevalence was higher in lobsters in the NTZ compared with the RZ, and in lobsters >MLS. Aerococcus viridans var. homari was detected in <1% of individuals, but WSSV was absent from all sampled lobsters. Overall, the study demonstrates both positive and potentially negative effects of NTZs, methods for effective non-lethal sampling of disease agents, and highlights the need for more comprehensive, long-term monitoring within highly protected MCZs, both before and after implementation.

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46

Fery, R. L., and P. D. Dukes. "CAROLINA CROWDER: A NEW, PEST AND DISEASE RESISTANT, ALL-PURPOSE SOUTHERNPEA." HortScience 26, no. 5 (May 1991): 494e—494. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.494e.

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The Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture announced the release of Carolina Crowder southernpea on 12 October 1990. The new cultivar is well adapted for production throughout the southern U.S., where it can be expected to produce excellent yields of high quality, crowder-type peas. Carolina Crowder is resistant to the cowpea curculio, the major insect pest of the southernpea in southeastern production areas; blackeye cowpea mosaic virus, an important virus pathogen of southernpea in the United States; and root-knot, a severe root disease incited by several species of the root-knot nematode. Canned samples of fresh Carolina Crowder peas scored well in three years of quality evaluation tests. Pod color is a brilliant red at early green-shell maturity and a brilliant red heavily shaded with cranberry colored pigment at optimum green-shell maturity. The attractive pod color should make Carolina Crowder an excellent candidate for fresh market use. Carolina Crowder plants have a greater tendency to produce a second crop than plants of most southernpea cultivars.

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47

Wang, Junjie, Xiaoping Yue, Yulong Zhang, Chengcheng Zhu, Xing Kang, Hai-Dong Yu, and Gang Lu. "Plasmonic Sensing of Glucose Based on Gold–Silver Core–Shell Nanoparticles." Chemosensors 10, no. 10 (October 8, 2022): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10100404.

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Developing a simple and convenient approach for glucose sensing is crucially important in disease diagnosis and health monitoring. In this work, a glucose sensor based on plasmonic nanostructures was developed using gold–silver core–shell nanoparticles as the sensing platform. Based on the oxidative etching of the silver shell, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and glucose could be determined quantitatively via the spectral change. This spectral change could also be observed with the naked eye or with a phone camera, realizing colorimetric sensing. To demonstrate this, glucose solutions at different concentrations were quantitatively detected in a wide concentration range of 0–1.0 mM using this colorimetric sensor. Importantly, shell thickness could significantly affect the sensitivity of our colorimetric sensor. This work provides a deeper understanding of the plasmonic sensing of glucose, which will help to realize its real applications. Based on this strategy, the non-invasive sensing of metabolites may be realized for disease diagnosis and health monitoring.

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48

Godoy, R., O. D. Smith, R. A. Taber, and R. E. Pettit. "Anatomical Traits Associated With Pod Rot Resistance in Peanut1." Peanut Science 12, no. 2 (July 1, 1985): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/pnut.12.2.0008.

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Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars resistant to Pythium myriotylum Drechs. and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, are needed for effective management of pod rotting diseases. The low efficiency of field screening for disease reaction in breeding for resistance has emphasized the need for improved evaluation methods. Anatomical examinations of roots, stems, leaves, pegs, and shells were made of six genotypes (TxAG-3, PI 341885, Toalson, Starr, Florunner, and Goldin I) with various degrees of resistance to pod rots in search of traits that might be used effectively in screening for disease reaction. The palisade mesophyll cells of 50-day old plants were arranged more compactly in pod rot resistant than in susceptible genotypes. An index representing total width (μm) of palisade cells/mm leaf blade was more discriminative in distinguishing among genotypes than average of either cell width or cell number alone. The distribution of lignin in peanut shells was correlated with pod rot resistance. The cell walls in the epicarp and sclerenchymatous mesocarp were thicker and more lignified in the resistant than in the susceptible genotypes. Genotypic differences in lignin distribution were readily apparent at 100x when shell sections were stained with phloroglucinol. Associations between anatomical traits of stems, pegs, roots, or juvenile plant leaflets and field pod rot reaction were not consistent among all genotypes. However, lignin-distribution in pods, and an index representing μm of palisade cells/mm of leaf blade individually or in combination, might be used effectively to supplement field evaluations in screening breeding lines for pod disease reaction.

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Patel, Daksha, Yongmin Chang, Tae Jeong Kim, Myung-Hwa Jung, and Gang Ho Lee. "Synthesis and Characterization of Fe3O4-CdX (X = S, Se) Core–Shell Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 4826–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.ic19.

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We report a facile one-pot synthesis of Fe3O4-CdX (X = S, Se) core–shell nanoparticles and characterized them with XRD, TEM, squid magnetometer, and UV-visible absorption and PL spectrometers. We observed that the core Fe3O4 nanoparticles showed a superparamagnetism at room temperature, whereas the shell CdX (X = S, Se) showed blue-shifts from the bulk materials in UV-visible absorption spectra, due to quantum confinement effect. These superparamagnetic and optical properties of the Fe3O4-CdX (X = S, Se) core–shell nanoparticles can be used for both MR and optical imagings. This dual imaging capability will increase a possibility of an early observation of disease such as cancer.

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50

Hsu, A. C., and R. M. Smolowitz. "Scanning Electron Microscopy Investigation of Epizootic Lobster Shell Disease in Homarus americanus." Biological Bulletin 205, no. 2 (October 2003): 228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1543267.

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