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Endresen, Fredrik Vihovde. "Electric Motor Development for Shell Eco-Marathon : Manufacturing an ironless axial flux permanent magnet Motor with Hallbach array and Development of existing Motor for the Shell Eco-Marathon Competition." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19021.
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This thesis describes the process of making a new engine for the car DNV Fuel Fighter 2 that participated in the Shell Eco-Marathon Europe 2012 in Rotterdam. The decision was made to construct a new engine based on an optimized design by Lubna Nasrin. The engine is an ironless axial flux permanent magnet machine with Hallbach array. As a contingency plan there was the possibility to modify the engine used in 2010 and 2011 built by André Dahl-Jacobsen. The result of the process is that the new engine is operational and it has displayed an efficiency of 68 %. However the old engine has displayed an efficiency of 86 %. Because of this, the car raced with the old engine and had an energy consumption of 163 km/kWh. It is still believed that the new engine can be a very successful engine given that it is modified. The new engine has room for improvement especially with regards to stator production and wiring connections. Suggestions are made for how to achieve a higher efficiency. This thesis describes some of the practical engineering challenges that arise when constructing a novel motor. The construction of the Hallbach array is well described here.This work has been a part of a larger project where the end goal was to participate in and win the Shell Eco Marathon Europe. This means that the engine must not only perform well on its own. The engine must also function well with the other components technically and it must be possible to make it with the time and resources available. The development of new technology is expensive and it has therefore been a priority to find funding for this project. This will also be described.
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Buøy, John Ola. "Development of high efficiency Axial Flux Motor for Shell Eco-marathon." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23648.
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In 2011 Lubna Nasrin designed an optimized in-wheel axial flux motor for the competition Shell Eco-Marathon. A motor was built for the 2012 competition by Fredrik V. Endresen. Testing of this motor showed however that the performance was nothing like the one anticipated by Nasrin?s. The conclusion was that the production methods were not good enough and this was the main reason for the poor result.A new motor was built for use in the 2013 competition. Several design improvements over the old motor which was built in 2010 has been made. Litz wire is used in the stator and Halbach array permanent arrangement in the rotors. Rims, axle and other mechanical parts have also been made brand new this year to try to make the best possible design.The assembly didn?t go without problems, but in the end the motor was fit to the car and tested. It was used in the competition where the team ended up with a third place in the battery electric class.Several tests were performed on the motor to identify how well it performed compared to the FEM results. Question marks have however been raised when it comes to the results of the test due to problems aligning the motor in the test bench. The results indicate rather high rotational losses, but also an induced voltage 35% lower than anticipated. This should not be critical though as the theoretical efficiency, rotational losses discarded, still is 99% with this value.The high eddy current and friction losses measured do however ruin the real efficiency of the machine.
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Nasrin, Lubna. "Improved Version of Energy Efficient Motor for Shell Eco Marathon : Half Weight with Higher Efficiency." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14829.
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The goal of the thesis is to analyze an existing Axial Flux Permanent Magnet motor used for Shell Eco Marathon from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). The existing machine has been analysed and modified to achieve improved power density at high efficiency with lowered weight.A detailed literature study on AFPM machine topologies, winding and magnet arrangements is covered. The magnet arrangement of the existing machine has been transformed from conventional North-South to Halbach array. The preliminary analytical calculations were done by using analytical expressions. After that, for an improved design, an efficiency-based optimization has been used to improve the obtained parameters from analytical calculation. This optimization has been performed with the help of fmincon solver in the Matlab optimization tool. The optimized values after being compared with the analytical calculation, has been used to run Finite Element Method simulations.The new design with optimum performance parameters displays an improvement of overall efficiency with decreased weight in comparison. The new machine has a 97.2% efficiency and weights only 6.24 kg. In comparison with the existing machine, the weight of the new machine is almost half with improved efficiency.KeywordsAxial Flux, Permanent Magnet, Synchronous Motor, Ironless Stator, Halbach.
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Vallin, Jakob, and Simon Hurtig. "Utveckling av en centrifugalkoppling tillhörande motorn HiG-145 till tävlingen Shell Eco Marathon." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19825.
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HiGtech är en projektgrupp på Högskolan i Gävle vilka konstruerar och bygger energisnåla tävlingsfordon. Ett av fordonen tävlar i Shell Eco Marathons prototypklass för bensindrivna förbränningsmotorer och drivs av en på högskolan konstruerad motor. Motorns effekt överförs till en kedjetransmission via en inköpt och modifierad centrifugalkoppling. Den nuvarande centrifugalkopplingen väger cirka 1,5 kg. Då en stor faktor för tävlingsresultatet är fordonets rullmotstånd, vilken beror av fordonets vikt, har målet med detta arbete varit att konstruera en specialanpassad centrifugalkoppling, vars vikt endast är hälften så stor som motorns nuvarande koppling. Experiment på motorn, en undersökning av befintliga centrifugalkopplingar samt en litteraturstudie har utförts vilket gav indata för konstruktionsarbetet. Centrifugalkopplingens diameter har optimerats med avseende på låg vikt, där massan av kopplingens nav, trumma och backar tagits fram och jämförts för olika diametrar. Backarnas massa har beräknats med en framtagen beräkningsmodell och navets samt trummans massor har tagits fram genom 3D-modellkoncept. Vidare har en centrifugalkoppling konstruerats av stål, anpassad för tävlingsfordonets motor med individuell justering av ingreppsvarvtalet för dess backar. Centrifugalkopplingens optimala diameter beräknades till 110 millimeter, vilket har resulterat i en totalvikt på den utvecklade kopplingen på cirka 730 g. En specifikationslista har tagits fram på lämpligt friktionsmaterial, dock krävs vidare tester för att säkerställa att önskad funktion uppnås på grund av vibrationer som kan uppstå, något som avgränsats bort i detta arbete.HiGtech is a project group at the University of Gävle, in which students design and build energy efficient vehicles to compete with around the world. One of the vehicles is competing in the Shell Eco Marathon prototype class for gasoline-powered internal combustion engines and is driven by an on campus designed engine. The engine's power is transmitted to a chain transmission via a purchased and modified centrifugal clutch. The current centrifugal clutch weighs about 1.5 kg. An important factor for the outcome in the competition is the rolling resistance of the vehicle, which depends on its weight, the aim of this work has been to design a customized centrifugal clutch, whose weight is only half as large as the engine’s current clutch. Experiments on the engine, a survey of centrifugal clutches and a literature study has been performed which gave input for the design work. The diameter of the centrifugal clutch has been optimized for low weight, where the mass of the clutch hub, drum and shoes has been compared for the different diameters. The shoe mass has been calculated using a developed model and the hub and drum masses have been developed through a 3D model concept. Furthermore, a centrifugal clutch out of steel, adapted for the engine of the competing vehicle, has been developed, with individual adjustments of the engagement speed of its shoes. The optimal diameter of the centrifugal clutch was calculated to 110 millimeters, resulting in a total weight of the developed clutch of about 730 g. A list of specification has been developed for an appropriate choice of friction material, however, further testing is required to ensure that the desired functionality is achieved due to vibrations that may occur, this was however demarcated in this work.
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Martínez, Daniel. "Design of a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine with Non-Overlapping Concentrated Windings for the Shell Eco Marathon Urban Prototype." Thesis, KTH, Elektrisk energiomvandling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-109741.
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This thesis deals with the design of a permanent-magnet synchronous inner rotor motor for an in-wheel application for the Shell Eco Marathon Urban concept vehicle. First of all, concepts related to permanent magnet motors are studied. Likewise, different features of permanent magnet motors are qualitatively evaluated in order to choose the most suitable. A radial flux motor is selected based on its solid, economic and acceptable characteristics. Next, a detailed study of concentrated windings is carried out. Through this investigation, undesirable configurations of pole and slot numbers due to unbalanced magnetic pull or a low fundamental winding factor will be avoided and how to determine the different winding layouts for different pole and slots configuration will be explained. As well, based on this study, and the magnetic and electric behavior of the machine, an analytical model is created. This model calculates the optimum size and characteristics of a machine in order to obtain lightweight design. After that, the design of a program based on a finite element method that simulates different situations for the machine is accomplished, dealing with the difficulties that entails the concentrated windings. Finally, through the use of this program, the machine calculated by the analytical model is analyzed, specially regarding that it does not surpass some important margin in order not to be demagnetized or not to surpass the maximum phase voltage supplied by the batteries.
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Navio, Francisco José Pestana. "Previsão do desempenho de motores alternativos com ignição por faísca." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/3796.
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O presente trabalho teve como objectivo principal o estudo do desempenho de três motores de pequena cilindrada de forma a verificar se o motor Honda Gx120, que equipou o veículo de baixo consumo da equipa responsável pelo projecto UBICAR, do Departamento de Engenharia Electromecânica da Universidade da Beira Interior, que participou na prova Shell Eco Marathon, foi a melhor escolha.
Para o estudo da previsão dos desempenhos dos motores foram efectuadas medições e cálculos de forma a conhecer as suas curvas características, para posteriormente serem utilizadas no programa de simulação UBIANSim. Este, por sua vez, permitiu simular os desempenhos dos motores ao longo da prova da Shell Eco Marathon, tendo em conta a aerodinâmica, o peso, a relação de transmissão, os atritos do veículo e a estratégia que foi utilizada pela equipa para ligar e desligar o motor ao longo da prova. Das simulações foi possível constatar que a opção pelo motor Honda Gx120 foi a mais adequada, pois este apresentou os melhores resultados ao nível de economia do combustível.
Foi ainda realizado um estudo sobre a influência que a relação de transmissão, o peso, a aerodinâmica e os atritos de do veículo têm sobre o consumo de combustível do veículo, tendo-se verificado que a melhoria destes parâmetros permitiria obter uma economia de combustível de 26%.
Por fim, foi realizado um estudo para determinar como seria o desempenho do motor se o seu ciclo termodinâmico fosse modificado, convertendo o ciclo de Otto num ciclo de Miller, conseguido através da modificação da árvore de cames existente no motor. Para este estudo foram realizadas medições sobre a árvore de cames, cálculos e simulações através do programa Engine Analizer Pro, que permitiu simular um banco de ensaios, permitindo obter as curvas características do motor antes e após a modificação da árvore de cames. Foram também efectuadas simulações com o UBIANSim para determinar o desempenho do motor com a árvore de came modificada ao longo da pista. Pelos resultados obtidos foi possível verificar que, com base nas simulações efectuadas, a modificação da árvore de cames não traria benefícios para o desempenho do motor.This study's main objective was to study the performance of three small displacement engines in order to verify if the Honda Gx120 engine, which powered the low fuel consumption vehicle of the team responsible for the project UBICAR from Department of Electromechanical Engineering, of the University of Beira Interior, who participated in the Shell Eco Marathon challenge, was the best choice. To predict the engine performance, measurements and calculations were made in order to know their characteristic curves, to later be used in the simulation program UBIANSim. This, in turn, allowed to simulate the performance of the engines along of the Shell Eco Marathon challenge, taking into account the aerodynamic, weight, gear ratio, friction of the vehicle and strategy used by the team to turn the engine on and off throughout the race. From the simulations, we determined that Honda Gx120 engine was the most appropriate, because this showed the best results in terms of fuel economy. Was also carried out a study on the influence that the gear ratio, weight, aerodynamics and friction of the vehicle have on the fuel consumption of the vehicle, it was found that the improvement of these parameters would lead to a fuel economy of 26%. Finally, a study was conducted to determine the performance if the engine’s thermodynamic cycle was modified by converting an Otto cycle in to a Miller cycle, achieved by modifying the engine’s camshaft. For this study were made measurements on the camshaft and calculations and simulations using Engine Analyzer Pro program, which permitted the simulation of the results obtained throught the use of a test bench. These results will result in the characteristic curves of the engine before and after the modification of the camshaft. Simulations were made also with UBIANSim to determine the performance of the engine with the modified camshaft along the track. From the results obtained it was verified that, based on simulations, changing the camshaft would not bring benefits to the engine performance.
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Roshanghias, Daniel, Fonser Filip Kaiserfeld, Ramtin Massoumzadeh, and Kabir Rhythm Sheikh. "Konstruktion av drivlina till Shell Eco Marathon-bil." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-201602.
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Denna rapport beskriver processen och utvecklingen av en drivlina för KTH:s bidrag till tävlingen Shell Eco Marathon. Konceptet är tänkt att bringa en helt ny lösning till det föregående årets drivlinesystem. En komplexhybrid som bygger på tre motorer, där två utgjordes av elektriska motorer och den tredje var en förbränningsmotor, utvecklades.För att upprätta en välstrukturerad arbetsplan tillämpades den välrenommerade produktutvecklingsprocessen känd som Ulrich & Eppingers modell. Denna bygger på ett antal faser som följs för att upprätthålla en hög kvalité genom hela fortskridandet av arbetet. Avgränsningar tillrättades för att begränsa omfattningen av arbetet till en mer realiserbar och hanterbar mängd inom ramarna för detta projekt. Modellavgränsningarna innefattar ekonomiska såväl som finansiella aspekter då produktutvecklingsmodellen är betydligt mer ingående än vad detta projekt fordrar.Den slutgiltiga produkten togs fram utifrån en iterativ process. Vid konceptgenereringen låg form och funktion ständigt till grund för de beslut som fattades med produktutvecklingsprocessen i åtanke. Utvärdering av dessa medförde att krav och mål dynamiskt ändrades under arbetets gång. Informationssökning om olika befintliga lösningar gjordes för att bygga upp en referensram vilken agerade riktlinje vid beslutsfattande.Visualisering av prototyper och dess ingående komponenter modellerades i form av CAD-bilder för att underlätta beskrivningen om vilka funktionerna var och avsåg att ge insikt om hur de olika prototyperna har itererats fram till en slutgiltig sådan. Matematiska modeller har legat till grund vid dimensionering av särskilda komponenter. FEM-modellering av kritiska komponenter utgjorde ett hjälpmedel vid utvärdering av hållfasthet på dessa.Den resulterande produkten bestod dels av egenframtagna, men även av befintliga lösningar. Vad gäller syftet, att ta fram en egentillverkad fysisk produkt med de kunskaper som inhämtats under projektets gång, anses detta vara uppfyllt.Drivlinan vägde 5,25 kg, hade strax över 20 komponenter och kunde överföra mer moment än det uppsatta kravet på 7 Nm.This bachelor thesis aims to describe the process of developing a drivetrain for KTH’s contribution for the competition Shell Eco Marathon. The concept developed is meant to produce a completely new drivetrain in relation to previous year’s solution. The solution developed was a complex hybrid, which contains three motors, two of which are electric and one is combustion.To establish a well-structured work plan, the product development model developed by Ulrich & Eppinger was applied during the project. The model is based on several phases meant to ensure high quality throughout the project. Several limitations were set for the prerequisite of this thesis paper to make it manageable. Product development model limitations include economical and financial aspects.The final product was developed through an iterative process. Form and function was constantly in focus when concept generating for the reasoning behind the decisions made in accordance to the product development model. The assessment of these meant that the goals and demands were dynamically changing throughout the project. Information of existing solutions also acted as guidelines for decision-making.Visualization of prototypes and its components were realized using CAD to facilitate the description of the functions and in turn illustrate how the prototypes were developed. Mathematical models were used for dimensioning of parts. FEM calculations were made for some critical components and were used as aid for evaluating the strength of these components.The resulting product had unique and existing solutions in its composition. A physical drivetrain was delivered and so the purpose of this bachelor thesis was met.The drivetrain weighed 5.25 kg, had little over 20 components and could transfer more torque than the target of 7 Nm.
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Faleide, Rolv Marius. "Shell Eco Marathon : Electric Drive for World's Most Fuel Efficient Car." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9955.
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A direct driven permanent magnet synchronous machine with concentrated windings is optimized with respect to system efficiency. The goal is to win the European Shell Eco Marathon Urban Concept group using a hydrogen fuel cell and an electric motor. Considerations such as on-board energy storage, a freewheel for coasting, winding design and connections are taken into account. The result is a machine with higher efficiency at all loads and an optimal operation point at cruising speed, obtaining 93% efficiency. Considerations for further improvements in both power electronics and motor design are presented, along with a new philosophy for making very slow PMSM CW machines with multiple phases, both yielding higher efficiency and smaller requirements to structural stiffness.
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Rose, Garrett. "Electrical subsystem for Shell eco-marathon urban concept battery powered vehicle." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2814.
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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.The purpose of this paper was to design and develop an electrical power train for an Urban Concept electric vehicle geared to complete the Shell Eco-Marathon Africa in 2019. Various technologies which make up the electrical drive train of an electrical vehicle were also reviewed which include the battery pack, the battery management system, the motors, the motor management system and the human interface. Upon completion of this, the various topologies best suited for this project were selected, designed, constructed and developed. Two motors were re-designed and constructed for this vehicle and the motor drive was also constructed to control these motors. A Lithium-Ion battery pack was constructed and developed to drive the motors and an off-the-shelf battery management system was purchased and developed to suit the requirements for the Shell Eco- Marathon competition rules. A human interface was also developed in order for the driver to see various parameters of the electric vehicle defined by the Shell Eco-Marathon competition rules. After each component of the drive train was constructed, they underwent various testing procedures to determine the efficiency of each individual component and the overall efficiency for the complete drive train of this electric vehicle was ascertained. The Product Lifecycle Management Competency Centre group developed the chassis for this vehicle. For this reason, only the electric subsystems were evaluated and a simulation was completed of the complete drive train. After the complete drive train was constructed and all the individual subsystems evaluated and simulated, a vehicle with an overall efficiency of about sixty percent was expected and the completed drive train should be adequate enough to complete the entire Shell Eco-Marathon Africa circuit.
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Liu, Tong. "Energy Management Strategy of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle for Shell Eco-marathon." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-225875.
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Senaste åren har elhybridfordon visat enorm potential gällande energibesparning och reducering av utsläpp. Genom lämplig energistyrningsstrategi kan en märkbar förbättring uppnås avseende energieffektiviteten med bevarad autonomi. KTH Eco Cars utveckling och forskningsgrupp har under senaste åren forskat på elhybrid prototypen Elba, utvecklad för Shell Eco-marathon (SEM). Dock har frånvaron av en energistyrningsstrategi varit en flaskhals för att kunna uppnå hög energieffektivet och topp placering i SEM. Målet med Examensarbetets är att lösa detta problem genom utveckling av en modellbaserad och optimerad regleringshieraki, möjlig att implementera i Elba. Viss Förarbete har utförts såsom simplifierade modeller av Elba och ingående komponenter i drivlinan och tabell baserad på dynamisk programmering. Omfattningen av detta projekt är att utveckla en komplett energistyrnings hieraki med reglering i tre nivåer. Utvecklingsprocessen går från nedersta till översta nivåen. Arbetet börjar med att förfina de tidigare matematiska modellerna med hjälp av tekniska datablad och uppdaterande resultat från testning av komponenter. Med hjälp av detta utvecklades regulatorer på komponentnivå. Modell-baserad framkoppling tillsammans med återkoppling för störningsrejektion användes för att ersätta den gamla PID-regleringen. För styrning av den mellersta nivåen, den viktigaste delen i detta projekt, används ekvivalent förbruknings reducerings strategi för att uppnå momentan momentöverföringsfördelning på tre drivande komponenter. I denna process tas hänsyn till optimerad bränsleförbrukning och realtids övervakning av batteriets laddning. För att bevara Elbas körbarhet har olämpliga arbetslägen identifieras och förkastas för att förhindra frekvent på och avstängning av motorer och minde energieffektiv återhämtning. För att förbättra den dynamisk programmerade tabellens funktionalitet har en bestämmande funktion lagts till. Den nya modifierade tabellen kan ge accelerationsreferens som fungerar som den översta nivåen. Projektet avslutas med simulering i MATLAB/Simulink miljön. Resultaten från simuleringarna visar en signifikant förbättrring gällande energieffektiviteten och bevarande av batteriets laddning jämfört med den tidigare regleringsstrategin. Dock baseras dessa resultat på vissa idealiseringar och simplifierade modeller. Utvecklandet av en optimerad regleringsstrategi har givit viktiga erfarenheter och åstadkommanden under detta examensarbete. Resultaten kommer att verifieras genom fälttester och bidra till Elbas utveckling i framtiden.In contemporary world, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have shown enormous potential in energy-saving and emission-reducing. By appropriate energy management strategy (EMS), an obvious improvement concerning energy efficiency could be achieved meanwhile self-sustainability is well reserved. Based on a specific HEV prototype Elba developed for Shell Eco-marathon (SEM), relevant research has been carried out by KTH Eco Cars research and development (R&D) teams during recent years. However, because of lack of a proper EMS, Elba meets a bottleneck on improving its energy efficiency and obtaining excellent grade in SEM. To solve this problem, this project is launched to develop a model-based optimization control hierarchy which can be implemented in Elba. Prior to this, some preliminary works have been done, including a set of simplified models of Elba and its powertrain components, and a dynamic programming (DP) based look-up table. Thus, the scope of this project is defined as establishing a complete energy management control hierarchy including three-layer controls. The developing process runs from bottom to top layer. The work starts from refining the original mathematical models according to the newly updated results of components testing and related technical datasheets. Then component-level controllers are developed. Model-based feedforward control together with feedback control for disturbance rejection is employed to replace previous PID control. In the middle layer control, the most significant part in this project, equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) is employed to realize a properly instantaneous torque split scheme on three propelling components. In this process, optimized fuel consumption among with real-time battery state of charge (SOC) are taken into account. To preserve Elba’s drivability, an improper working mode is identified and rejected to avoid frequent engine switching on/off as well as less efficient energy recuperation. In terms of the infeasibility of the existing DP based look-up table, a reasonable adjudgment function is introduced to complement its functionality. Thus, the modified look-up table is able to provide rational acceleration reference acting as top layer control. The whole work is finished in MATLAB/Simulink platform. The simulation results indicate that, compared with the previous control strategy, the new one significantly improves energy efficiency and better preserves battery SOC. Indeed, these decent results are on basis of some ideal assumption and simplified models. As an attempt on research and development of optimization control strategy, some precious experience and achievements have been, after all, obtained during the thesis work. All these will be verified by field tests and will promote Elba’s further upgrading in the future.
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Bickel, Chad Louis. "Optimizing Control of Shell Eco-marathon Prototype Vehicle to Minimize Fuel Consumption." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1717.
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Every year the automotive industry strives to increase fuel efficiency in vehicles. When most vehicles are designed, fuel efficiency cannot always come first. The Shell Eco-marathon changes that by challenging students everywhere to develop the most fuel-efficient vehicle possible. There are many different factors that affect fuel efficiency, and different teams focus on different vehicle parameters. Currently, there is no straightforward design tool that can be used to help in Shell Eco-marathon vehicle design. For this reason, it is difficult to optimize every vehicle parameter for maximum fuel efficiency.
In this study, a simulation is developed by using basic vehicle models and experimental data to accurately represent any prototype-class vehicle in the Shell Eco-marathon. This simulation is verified using different experimental data from an on-vehicle data acquisition system. An easy-to-use design tool is developed, and this tool is used to optimize driving strategy and final drive ratio to maximize fuel efficiency.
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Espeland, Aslak Brage, Hans Gudvangen, Petter Thorrud Larsen, and Håkon Johan Seiness. "Development and Construction of Vehicle for Participation in the Shell Eco-marathon Competition." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for produktutvikling og materialer, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18719.
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A team of 13 NTNU students have developed and built a car to compete in the Shell Eco-Marathon 2012 competition. This master project is a continuation of the specialization project done in the autumn semester 2011. Production started in February and the car was ready on the start line the 18th of May. Out of 22 competing teams in the battery-electric category, the DNV Fuel Figher 2 came in 5th place. The best result achieved was 163km/kWh which can be calculated into an equivalent of 1581km/liter of gasoline. This report includes the design and production process of all sub systems. In addition project management, system engineering, media and the race itself is described.
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Wiik, Bjørn Ola. "Elektrisk Fremdriftsystem for Shell Eco-marathon PureChoice Kjøretøy : Beregningning av motorstørrelse for drivstoffgjerrig elektrisk hydrogenkjøretøy." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-10471.
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Shell Eco-marathon Europe ble første gangen arrangert i 1985 og går ut på at studenter fra høyskoler og universiteter i Europa konkurrerer om å bygge den mest energieffektive bilen. NTNU stilte i år med sitt første bidrag i konkurransen i klassen Urban Concept. Studentene som har stått for byggingen av bilen er tverrfaglig gruppe fra fem institutter og har hatt prosjektet som masteroppgave våren 2008. Shell Eco-marathon 2008 ble avholdt "Paul Armagnac Race Circuit" utenfor Nogaro i Sør-Frankrike. Data for banen er hentet inn, og sammen med PureChoice kjøretøyets parametre ble det gjort beregninger for effektområdet for elektrisk motor til bruk i fremdriftssystem. Beregninger viste at det var hensiktsmessig med kraftig akselerasjon ved start, og effektbehovet her ble dimensjonerende for motorens størrelse. Ulike motortyper gir ulike muligheter. Etter en del vurderinger rundt teknologier og behov ende valget på børsteløs likestrømsmotor. Motorer av denne typen er separatmagnetisert ved hjelp av permanentmagneter og komuterer ved bruk av motordrift med komuteringslogikk og vekselretterbro. BLDC-motorer har høyt forhold mellom effekt og vekt, noe som var spesielt gunstig i denne situasjonen. Testing av fremdriftssystemet i laboratoriet har vist forskjellen i virkemåte for ulike former for tilbakekobling av rotorposisjon. Både løsning med Hallsensor og metode for måling av mot-indusert spenning er prøvd ut. Målinger gjort for de ulike motorenes virkningsgrad avgjorde hvilken modell som ble brukt i fremdriftssystemet. I løpet av april og mai ble PureChoice kjøretøyet satt sammen og ferdigstilt for deltakelse i Shell Eco-marathon den 22. til 24. mai 2008. Ved montering av fremdriftssystemet i kjøretøyet ble det lagt vekt på så enkle løsninger som mulig. Med dette menes at det ikke ble lagt til funksjoner utover det som var behovet for et funksjonelt fremdriftssystem. Resultatet ble et ryddig og oversiktlig motorrom som var lett å feilsøke og endre på. Virkningsgraden for fremdriftssystemet avgjør hvor langt det er mulig å kjøre på energiinnholdet i en liter bensin.
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Bøvre, Mats, Marius Kyllo, Johannes Aalberg, Isak Olav Søbye Nordal, and Abal Lierni Imaz. "DNV GL Fuel Fighter : Development and Construction of Vehicles for Participation in Shell Eco- marathon 2014." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for produktutvikling og materialer, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26068.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis master thesis is the continuation of the 2013 autumn semester project report. The thesis seeks to describe the work done in order to participate with two vehicles in the European Shell Eco-marathon 2014 competition and to reach the result of:- 7th place in the Prototype battery electric category- 3rd place in the Urban Concept battery electric category A new prototype vehicle has been built to participate in a category which NTNU never has participated in before. This report includes the design and production of all the sub systems required to build and race the prototype vehicle. It also includes information about the work related to project management and promotion as well as the technical modifications which was done to improve the Urban Concept vehicle.
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Vera, Lema Miguel Vitos Fabián. "Determinación del tipo de dinamómetro óptimo para un vehículo Shell Eco Marathon de la categoría prototipo." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/18101.
Full textAbstract:
La competición Shell Eco Marathon reúne equipos estudiantiles de todo el mundo para
poder hallar el vehículo más eficiente energéticamente. La necesidad de los equipos de medir
el desempeño del vehículo antes de la competencia genera la necesidad de contar con equipos
de medición adecuados para cuantificar el desempeño de un vehículo prototipo. Sin embargo,
es necesario seleccionar el dinamómetro adecuado, entre la gran variedad existente, para las
condiciones de uso y el contexto del grupo estudiantil. Por este motivo, el objetivo de este
trabajo de investigación es determinar el tipo de dinamómetro óptimo para un vehículo Shell
Eco Marathon de la categoría prototipo. La metodología que se emplea para este fin, es la de
realizar una revisión y análisis de los tipos de dinamómetros actuales y evaluar, bajo el contexto
y los requerimientos planteados, cual es la opción ideal. Este análisis y posterior evaluación
culmina con resultados que pueden ser agrupados en tres distintos conjuntos. Uno en donde los
tipos de dinamómetros se encuentran sobredimensionados, otro en donde no cumplen con los
requerimientos, y finalmente un punto medio en el cual existe un balance entre la capacidad en
cumplir con los requisitos sin sobrepasar el presupuesto de un grupo estudiantil. Es así que se
concluye que los dinamómetros de corrientes parásitas de Foucault serían la opción ideal dada
su exactitud, precisión y capacidad de simular la carga de carretera.Trabajo de investigación
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Bakken, Jon Martin Harstad. "Styresystem for fremdrift av Shell-Eco-marathon-kjøretøy : Utvikling og test av cruise control og menneske-maskin-interaksjon." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-10543.
Full textAbstract:
Shell Eco-marathon er en årlig konkurranse for lag fra hele Europa. Denne rapporten følger arbeidet med å bygge et styresystemet i bilen for NTNUs deltagelse i 2009. Dette er NTNUs andre deltagelse. Bilens karosseri har blitt beholdt og det meste av innmaten er nytt. Den deltagende gruppen har bestått av ti studenter fra fem forskjellige institutter. Det har blitt laget et fremdriftsystem som sender hastighetsreferanser til en motorstyring. Dette systemet består av gasspedal, styrekort, skjerm og batterier. Fremdriftsystemet kan kjøres manuelt eller ved hjelp av en cruise control. Sjåføren får informasjon fra systemet på en skjerm og kommuniserer via mobil til hjelpemannskap ved banen. Det har vært fokusert på brukervennlighet gjennom utviklingsprosessen. I løpet av semesteret har bilen blitt designet og bygget. Alle komponenter har blitt forbedret og virkningsgraden på systemene har økt markant. Dette medførte at Shell Eco-marathon 2009 ble en stor suksess for NTNU.
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Guldahl, Anders Lier. "Styre- og overvåkningssystem for Shell Eco-marathon kjøretøy : Utvikling og test av CAN-bus basert instrumentering og styresystem." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-10990.
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Shell Eco-marathon er en årlig internasjonal bilprototype-konkurranse mellom studentlag fra høyskoler og universiteter. Våren 2010 skal NTNU delta for 3. gang. Denne oppgaven går ut på å spesifisere krav, designe, lage og teste et komplett instrumenteringssystem for eco-marathon-bilen som deltar i konkurransen i 2010. Modulær oppbygning, samt velprøvd kommunikasjon basert på CAN-bus mellom moduler, danner grunnlaget for et stabilt og enkelt rekonfigurerbart system.Flere delkomponenter som ble benyttet i bilen foregående år, fungerte ikke ved overtakelse av bilen høsten 2009. På grunn av problemene med tidligere system, kombinert med ønsket om toveis kommunikasjon med alle moduler i bilen, ble det besluttet at et helt nytt system skulle utarbeides. Bilens instrumenteringssystem består i hovedsak av brenselcelleovervåkning og styring, kommunikasjon med en el-motordrift, brukergrensesnitt for sjåføren, utvendige lys og signalhorn.Brenselcellestyringen består av en galvanisk isolert måleløsning for individuelle cellespenningsmålinger, soneinndelt temperaturovervåkning, måling av hydrogentrykk og styring av hydrogenventiler, samt et sikkerhetssystem med automatisk avstengning ved gasslekkasje.Forskjellige måter å løse problemet med cellespenningsmålinger er undersøkt. Et fleksibelt og kompakt system er designet og implementert som håndterer funksjonene nevnt ovenfor.Utvendige lys på bilen med tilhørende driverkretser er basert på energieffektive og kraftige lysdioder som både har mulighet til å lyse opp veien foran bilen, og justeres ned i lysstyrke for å spare strøm. Alt kan enkelt betjenes via et menysystem på en lcd-skjerm i dashbordet. Et utvidbart og fleksibelt menysystem er implementert for å håndtere innstillinger og informasjon fra bilens systemer.Ettersom systemet er modulbasert, og hver CAN-bus-modul igjen er modulbasert, er det enkelt å rekonfigurere eller endre funksjonaliteten til systemet eller delmoduler. Å hekte på nye moduler for ny funksjonalitet er også veldig enkelt. Systemet kan også benyttes i andre sammenhenger enn bil-instrumentering. Brenselcellemodulen ble for eksempel benyttet på lab hele våren for test og utvikling av styringsalgoritmer for brenselcellestacken. Eksempler på andre bruksområder for deler av systemet kan være hus-automasjon eller styring og overvåkning av andre slags lab-oppstillinger.Selv om konkurranseresultat uteble på grunn av problemer med motorstyringen har elektronikken i styringssystemet stort sett fungert veldig bra under hele prosjektperioden. Det er gjort gode erfaringer med design og bestilling av profesjonelt produserte kretskort, samt innkapsling av elektronikk for å tåle røff håndtering og miljøpåvirkninger. Der problemer har oppstått, spesielt med kretsløsning og de integrerte kretsene benyttet for spenningsmåling på brenselcellestacken, er det nevnt hva som sannsynligvis er skyld i problemene og hva som kan gjøres med det.
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Olsson, Erik. "Utvärdering av Android-sensorer för tävlingssyfte med HiGTechs prototypfordon : En empirisk undersökning av relevanta inbyggda sensorer i en mobilapplikation." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21801.
Full textAbstract:
Projektgruppen HigTech på Högskolan i Gävle ställer årligen upp i Shell Eco-Marathon, en tävling där det gäller att komma så lång sträcka som möjligt på en liter bensin. Ett datorstöd till föraren har efterfrågats och därför ska en mobilapplikation utvecklas där man tar till vara på de olika sensorer som finns inbyggda. Applikationen ska utvecklas mot Android. Med hjälp av applikationen ska information från GPS och accelerometer samlas in och analyseras. Målet är att ta reda på hur noggranna de relevanta sensorerna är i en smartphone och om det räcker för att användas i Shell Eco-Marathon. Resultatet är en empirisk undersökning som visar att denna teknik kan agera som ett stöd till föraren, samt en grundapplikation utvecklad mot Android.
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Grudic, Elvedin. "Electric Propulsion System for the Shell Eco-marathon PureChoice Vehicle : Controlling the lights and alternative storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Power Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9744.
Full textAbstract:
This report is divided into six main chapters. It starts off with an introductory chapter explaining the different propulsion strategies that have been considered during the last semester, and the final propulsion system that has been decided upon. The final propulsion strategy has several demands when it comes to components that have to be implemented and what type of components they should be. The main purpose for me in this project was therefore to meet these demands. Main demands for me were to demonstrate different possibilities when it comes to controlling the lights in the PureChoice vehicle, and to make sure the vehicle had enough energy stored in alternative storage devices in order to have a fully functioning system when it comes to driving the vehicle and managing the safety system onboard. The report continues with five individual chapters explaining how these demands were solved and which components that have been considered and implemented in the final vehicle. All off the chapters start of with an introduction about the topic at hand. They then continue with an explanation about the different components used in the vehicle, and reasoning for why exactly these components were chosen. In order to determine how the components would function in the final propulsion system, laboratory tests were performed on all the involved parts, and these laboratory tests are described at the end of all the chapters. This report includes both theoretical calculations and practical solutions.
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Tarazona, Sáenz Diego Marcio. "Diseño del chasis, dirección y sistema de propulsión eléctrica para un vehículo de la categoría prototipo enfocado en la competencia Shell Eco Marathon 2020." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19911.
Full textAbstract:
Shell Eco-marathon es una competencia patrocinada por Shell de eficiencia energética, la marca de hidrocarburos organiza la competencia anualmente en tres ediciones principales por continente, una en Asia, otra en Europa y finalmente, en América. Los equipos que logren mayor eficiencia o, en pocas palabras, recorrer más con menos energía, son los que logran ganar las competencias o establecer récords de eficiencia.
La competencia permite dos tipos de vehículos, los Prototype, que son vehículos que llevan generalmente 3 ruedas; y los Urban Concept, vehículos de 4 ruedas que tienen características similares a los autos convencionales. La motorización de estos vehículos depende de la fuente de energía, los cuales pueden ser gasolina, Diesel o etanol para motores de combustión interna; batería eléctrica o pilas de combustible de hidrógeno para motores eléctricos.
La gran eficiencia lograda por vehículos de combustión interna en este tipo de competencias es alta, logrando récords como en 2004 por el equipo de Lycée La Joliverie (Francia), logrando 3410 km por litro de combustible. No obstante, estos vehículos que tienen alta eficiencia siguen emitiendo gases de efecto invernadero, por lo que la competencia comenzó a ponerle más énfasis en los prototipos eléctricos. En el año 2019, durante la competencia en el autódromo de Sonoma en California, el vehículo eléctrico de la Universidad de Illinois en la categoría Urban Concept logró 244.62 km por kilovatio hora.
En la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, el grupo estudiantil SEMA PUCP ha participado en 2 ocasiones, 2017 y 2018, con un vehículo prototipo de motor a combustión interna.
En esta ocasión, el presente trabajo de investigación plantea el diseño de un vehículo para que el grupo Newro, grupo nuevo en la PUCP, pueda competir en Shell Eco Marathon en la categoría prototipo eléctrico.Trabajo de investigación
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Mendes, Nelson André Mota. "Modelação numérica da aerodinâmica de um veículo de alto desempenho e o seu ensaio real em pista." Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/3802.
Full textAbstract:
A modelação numérica de veículos terrestres de alta-performance, a baixos números de
Reynolds, sofre de uma falta de precisão normalmente associada ao uso dos modelos
numéricos neste regime de escoamento. Assim, a modelação computacional do escoamento
em torno de veículos neste regime necessita de uma cuidadosa verificação experimental. Por
outro lado o ensaio experimental com recurso a modelos à escala introduz dificuldades
significativas, de modo a garantir as condições de semelhança dinâmica, pelo que em
alternativa podem fazer-se cuidadosamente ensaios à escala real em pista.
Neste trabalho modelamos numericamente o escoamento em torno do corpo simplificado de
Ahmed e do veículo UBIAN10. Este veículo participou em 2010 na competição Shell Ecomarathon
Europe em representação da Universidade da Beira Interior, que decorreu em
Leipzig, na Alemanha.
O cálculo do escoamento em torno do corpo de Ahmed permite analisar a influência da
malha, e do tipo de modelo de turbulência, nos resultados obtidos quando comparados com os
valores experimentais e numéricos disponíveis na literatura. Além dos coeficientes
aerodinâmicos foi ainda feito um estudo sobre a estrutura do escoamento, em particular
sobre a geração de vórtices que ocorre na esteira do corpo de Ahmed. A modelação numérica
do UBIAN10 compreendeu um extenso trabalho de geração de malhas que, de forma iterativa,
permitiu aferir da sua boa qualidade. Em particular, em termos da skewness e da garantia do
y+ junto das fronteiras sólidas. Além do cálculo dos coeficientes aerodinâmicos foi também
feita uma análise à estrutura do escoamento para três configurações diferentes do UBIAN10.
O veículo UBIAN10 foi objecto de um ensaio experimental em pista. Este estudo faz parte de
um conjunto de ensaios experimentais mais extensos que têm sido desenvolvidos pela equipa
do UBIAN10. O ensaio em pista permitiu concluir que os resultados da modelação
computacional tinham uma boa precisão. Com base no conhecimento do escoamento em
torno do UBIAN foi possível redesenhar o veículo tendo vista melhorar o seu desempenho
aerodinâmico.The numerical modeling of high performance ground vehicles, at low Reynolds numbers, suffers from a lack of precision usually associated with the use of numerical models in this flow regime. Thus, the computational modeling of the flow around vehicles in this regime requires a careful experimental verification. On the other hand, the experimental testing using scaled models introduces significant difficulties, this in order to ensure the conditions of dynamic similarity, in alternative full scale tests can be done on track. In this work we modeled numerically the flow around the simplified Ahmed body and on the UBIAN10 vehicle. This vehicle participated on the 2010 Shell Eco-marathon Europe competition on behalf of University of Beira Interior, held in Leipzig, Germany. The computation of the flow around the Ahmed body allows to analyze the influence of the mesh, and of the type of turbulence model, on the results as compared with available experimental and numerical values in the literature. In addition to the aerodynamic coefficients a study was done on the structure of the flow, in particular on the generation of vortices that occurs in the wake of the Ahmed body. The numerical modeling of UBIAN10 comprised an extensive work of mesh generation that, in an iterative way, allowed the assessment of their quality. In particular, in terms of skewness and ensuring an adequate y+ near solid boundaries. In addition to the computation of the aerodynamic coefficients an analysis of the flow structure was also made for three different configurations of UBIAN10. The UBIAN10 vehicle was subject to an experimental test on the track. This study was a component of a more extensive experimental testing programme developed by UBIAN Team. The track test concluded that the results obtained using computational modeling had a good accuracy. Based on the knowledge of the flow around the UBIAN it was possible to redesign the vehicle in order to improve its aerodynamic performance.
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Manrique, Espindola Dolly Tatiana. "Commande optimale d’une voiture électrique à faible consommation sous contraintes temps réel." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0198/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le problème de l'efficacité énergétique dans le domaine des transports a comme principal défi savoir comment utiliser la source d'énergie pour que l'efficacité énergétique puisse être maximisée, c'est-à-dire comment le véhicule doit être conduit de telle sorte que la quantité minimale d’énergie est utilisée. Ce problème est le principal problème considéré dans cette thèse. Le véhicule est un prototype impliqué dans la course européenne Shell Eco-Marathon. La dynamique du véhicule est d'abord obtenu par l'identification expérimentale des paramètres. Une stratégie en boucle ouverte de conduite optimale en termes de consommation électrique est calculée. Plusieurs approches ont été étudiées pour le suivi de la référence optimale (stratégie de conduite optimale). Ces approches doivent prendre en compte les ressources limitées en taille mémoire et capacité de calcul. Une commande prédictive (MPC) basée sur la dynamique linéarisée est tout d'abord synthétisée. Le problème de poursuite nécessite une MPC avec contraintes variant dans le temps. La stabilité et la convergence de la commande prédictive sont prouvées à l'aide du formalisme des ensembles invariants. En troisième partie, à partie du modèle LPV, une adaptation de techniques standards basées sur des fonctions de Lyapunov quadratiques et à paramètres variants avec calculs hors-ligne est proposée. Elle est implémentée sur un banc de test. Enfin, une technique adaptative robuste avec identification en ligne de la dynamique est proposée et implémentée dans le véhicule. Cette technique a été testée et validée en course. Les résultats expérimentaux obtenus montrent de bonnes performances de la stratégie de conduiteIn the field of transportation, the research on energy efficiency has been carried out for few decades by the automotive industry, where one of the main objectives is to reduce the energetic consumption. This particular problem can be rephrased as how the vehicle must be driven so that the minimum quantity of energy is used. This is the optimal driving strategy. In this project, a suitable model of the Vir'volt electric vehicle involved in the European Shell Eco-Marathon is obtained. The unknown parameters involved in the vehicle dynamics are estimated using Parameter identification from experimental data. The identified dynamics is used to derive an optimal driving strategy that is intended to be tracked on-line during the driving task. The tracking task is subject to time-varying polytopic constraint on the input and/or the state. A MPC-based tracking strategy that uses an homothetic transformation as a suitable time-varying invariant set is used. The time-varying invariant set guarantees the asymptotic stability of the control law. The problem of the MPC tracking for Linear Parametric Varying (LPV) systems is introduced. A new explicit MPC strategy for LPV systems is developed. This strategy uses a Parameter dependent Lyapunov Function (PDLF) to involve explicitly the time-varying parameter in the control law and so it reduces conservatism. A benchmark is used to test the performances of the optimal driving strategy and the explicit MPC tracking strategy. Finally, a robust adaptive technique with on-line identification of the dynamics is has been proposed and tested in the race showing good performances of the adaptive driving strategy
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Steinebach, Mario, and Katharina Thehos. "Newsletter für Freunde, Absolventen und Ehemalige der Technischen Universität Chemnitz 1/2008." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200800353.
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Steinebach, Mario, Christine Häckel-Riffler, Caroline Pollmer, Antje Brabandt, Janine Mahler, Michael Chlebusch, Thomas Doriath, Rico Hinkel, and Anett Kretzer. "TU-Spektrum 1/2006, Magazin der Technischen Universität Chemnitz." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200600234.
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Rebelo, Jorge Miguel Guedes. "Development of an Efficient Propulsion System for a Battery Electric Shell Eco Marathon Prototype Vehicle." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/7960.
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For the participation of the Aero@UBI team in Shell Eco-Marathon competition an in-wheel electric, ironless brushless permanent magnet motor was designed and build, this type of motors is characterized by very inductance and a very low resistance between phases which leads to current ripple, to solve this problem, and also, as Shell Eco-marathon competition requirements, a controller must be developed. In this case a controller with a 60-degree commutation was implemented and tested.
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Tavares, Mário Jorge Varela. "Optimização de um sistema de injecção / ligação electrónica programável aplicado a um motor para participar nas edições 2010 da Shell Eco -marathon." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/20211.
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Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de CoimbraEste trabalho consiste na optimização experimental do desempenho e do consumo específico de combustível do motor M3165 desenvolvido no DEM e que propulsiona o Eco Veículo XC20i. Este é um veículo automóvel protótipo que participa na Shell Eco- marathon, uma competição internacional de eficiência energética de classe mundial, com o objectivo de obter o melhor desempenho possível. Apresenta-se o motor, objecto de estudo, assim como o sistema de injecção de combustível e ignição electrónica programável que foi o principal alvo de vários ensaios experimentais. Antes destes se iniciarem foram realizadas simulações do ciclo de funcionamento do motor para identificar as variáveis de projecto e de operação que mais influenciam o consumo específico de combustível do motor. Depois de efectuadas numerosas simulações numéricas do funcionamento do motor, foram identificadas as variáveis de operação e de projecto que mais influenciavam o consumo específico de combustível do motor e foram essas variáveis estudadas nos ensaios experimentais de forma a obter a configuração óptima do motor para participar na European Shell Eco-marathon 2010 e na Shell Eco-marathon Youth Challenge UK 2010. Este ano foi, ainda, utilizado um novo método de teste experimental do motor em que o mesmo é testado em condições transitórias muito semelhantes àquelas a que o motor está submetido na prova da SEM. São apresentadas as conclusões relativas às afinações e optimizações introduzidas, assim como os resultados das provas da SEM.
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Nunes, Jorge Miguel Ferreira. "Optimização do consumo específico de combustível ao freio de um motor de combustão interna para participar nas edições 2014 da Shell Eco-marathon." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/38848.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de CoimbraO objetivo deste trabalho consiste em otimizar o consumo específico de combustível ao freio do motor de combustão interna M3165 que propulsiona o Eco Veículo XC20i com o intuito de o tornar mais competitivo na participação das edições de 2014 da SHELL Eco marathon (SEM). Como enquadramento são apresentadas as linhas gerais da estrutura e regulamento da SEM na categoria onde se insere o Eco Veículo, assim como um resumo do histórico do veículo, que o levou à forma e performance atuais, e explicados de forma detalhada os contornos e procedimentos da realização dos ensaios experimentais em ambiente laboratorial. Seguidamente são apresentados os resultados das simulações numéricas realizadas em computador e dos testes experimentais, realizados em banco de ensaio, em que foi quantificado o efeito da utilização de diferentes óleos lubrificantes no motor e de algumas variáveis de operação deste, nomeadamente a temperatura do cárter, temperatura da cabeça do cilindro, tempos de injeção, riqueza da mistura ar-combustível, condições climatéricas, entre outros. A análise destes resultados permite perceber de que forma a combinação destas variáveis influencia o desempenho do motor, somando-se à experiência obtida nas edições anteriores, assim como permite o conhecimento mais pormenorizado de alguns componentes que, direta ou indiretamente, intervêm no bsfc do motor. Este conhecimento resulta numa melhor preparação para a prova, pois com a identificação das condições ótimas de funcionamento em termos térmicos permite promover alterações de materiais ou isolamento a curto prazo, aperfeiçoar a programação da centralina (ECU) do motor, adaptando-a a diferentes circunstâncias, definir a melhor estratégia de prova e melhorar a capacidade de intervenção imediata durante a competição sempre com o objetivo de minimizar o consumo e obter uma boa classificação.
The objective of this work is to optimize the brake specific fuel consumption of an internal combustion engine, the M3165, which drives the Eco Veículo XC20i in order to make it more competitive in the participation of the 2014 editions of the SHELL Eco marathon (SEM). As an introduction we present the outline of the structure and regulation of SEM in the category where the Eco Veículo is inserted, and a summary of the history of the vehicle, which led to the present form and performance, and are explained in detail the contours and procedures of the experimental tests in the laboratory. Following, are presented the results of numerical simulations performed in a digital computer and of experimental tests conducted in an engine test bench, in which the effect of using different lubricants in the engine and some variables of it operation were quantified, namely the crankcase temperature, cylinder head temperature, injection duration, equivalence ratio of the air-fuel mixture, ambient conditions, among others. The analysis of these results allows understanding how the combination of these variables influences the engine performance, adding to the experience gained in previous editions as well as allows more detailed knowledge of some components that directly or indirectly influences the engine’s bsfc. This knowledge results in better preparedness for the competition, because the identification of the optimal operating thermal conditions, allows to promote changes in materials or thermal insulation in the short term, to improve the ECU programming, adapting it to different circumstances, to define the best race strategy and improves the capacity for immediate intervention during the competition, always aiming to minimize fuel consumption and get a good ranking.
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Rodrigues, José Pedro Bordonhos Bandeira. "Projecto de um Motor de Combustão Interna para um veículo Automóvel de Extra-Baixo Consumo de Combustível." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/20056.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de CoimbraEsta dissertação engloba o projecto de um motor de combustão interna a 4 tempos de ignição por faísca a gasolina para o Eco Veículo XC20i, que participa em competições de alto rendimento energético. Os objectivos para este trabalho são o projecto de um motor de combustão interna com um rendimento de conversão de combustível ao freio superior ao já existente, M3165, assim como a diminuição da massa total do motor de forma a optimizar o desempenho do Eco Veículo XC20i nas competições da Shell Eco-Marathon. Para realizar o projecto do motor de combustão interna foi utilizado um programa de simulação do ciclo de funcionamento de motores de combustão interna a 4 tempos de ignição por faísca (CFM), desenvolvido no DEM-FCTUC pelo Professor Doutor Pedro Carvalheira. O projecto efectuado é bastante exaustivo, tendo sido avaliado um espectro bastante alargado das variáveis mais importantes que influenciam o rendimento de conversão de combustível ao freio de um motor de combustão interna. Foi desenvolvido um programa para prever a espessura de filme lubrificante entre o anel do êmbolo e o cilindro, de forma a poder prever-se o trabalho de atrito com maior precisão do que aquela que o programa de simulação do CFM actualmente prevê. Depois das principais características do motor de combustão interna terem sido definidas foi possível passar-se ao projecto mecânico dos componentes. Para esta parte do projecto foram utilizadas ferramentas de análise estrutural por elementos finitos, ANSYS Workbench 10.0, assim como um programa de desenho CAD, Autodesk Inventor Professional 2011. O motor projectado tem uma cilindrada de 22.45 cm3 e uma relação curso/diâmetro de 0.80, sendo a cilindrada e a relação curso/diâmetro bastante inferior às do motor actual, respectivamente 31.65 cm3 e 1.12. O binário máximo ao freio do motor projectado é de 1.74 N·m face aos 2.07 N·m do motor actual. Os objectivos para este trabalho foram alcançados tendo-se projectado um motor com um consumo específico de combustível ao freio de 248.40 g/kW·h relativamente ao valor de 272.62 g/kW·h do motor actualmente utilizado, M3165, representando uma melhoria de 11.0%. A massa do motor alcançada no fim do projecto foi de 6.058 kg, face a 7.057 kg do motor usado actualmente, verificando-se assim uma melhoria de 11.7%.
This dissertation covers the design of a 4-stroke spark ignition gasoline internal combustion engine for the Eco Veículo XC20i who participates in energy efficiency competitions. The objectives for this work are the design of an internal combustion engine with a lower brake specific fuel consumption than the existing engine, M3165, as well as reducing the total mass of the engine in order to optimize the performance of the Eco Vehicle XC20i for the competitions of the Shell Eco-Marathon. To carry out the design is used a program that simulates the operating cycle of a 4-stroke spark ignition internal combustion engine (CFM), developed in the DEM-FCTUC by Professor Pedro Carvalheira. The design carried out very exhaustively, and it has been evaluated the effect of the variation of a very broad spectrum of the most important variables that influence the brake specific fuel consumption of an internal combustion engine. A program was developed to predict the lubricant film thickness between piston ring and the cylinder to calculate the work of friction with greater precision than what the simulation program of CFM currently provides. After the main characteristics of the internal combustion engine were established it was possible to advance to the mechanical design of the components. For this part of the project a finite element structural analysis tool was used, ANSYS Workbench 10.0, as well as a CAD drawing program tool, Autodesk Inventor Professional 2011. The engine designed has a displacement of 22.45 cm3 and a stroke/bore ratio of 0.80, being both the displacement and the stroke/bore ratio well below the values for the current engine, respectively 31.64 cm3 and 1.12. The engine designed has a maximum brake torque of 1.74 N·m, in relation to the 2.07 N·m of the current engine. The objectives for this study were achieved with an engine with a brake specific fuel consumption of 248.40 g/kW·h in relation to the value of 272.62 g/kW·h of the currently used engine, M3165, representing an improvement of 11.0 %. The mass of the engine reached in the end of the project was 6.058 kg which compared to the mass of the currently used engine of 7.057 kg is an improvement of 11.7%.
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Teixeira, Fabio Paulo Fernandes. "Adaptação de injeção eletrónica em motor alternativo de carburador." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/6398.
Full textAbstract:
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal a substituição do carburador por injeção eletrónica num motor Honda Gx120, com a finalidade de diminuir o consumo específico do mesmo. Este motor equipou o veículo de baixo consumo da equipa responsável pelo projeto UBICAR, do Departamento de Engenharia Eletromecânica da Universidade da Beira Interior, que participou na prova Shell Eco Marathon.
Para a realização deste projeto foi necessário realizar alguns estudos a fim de perceber qual as melhores adaptações e componentes a utilizar no motor, obtendo o máximo rendimento possível. Posto isto, procedeu-se as alterações necessárias no motor para aplicação dos componentes essenciais ao funcionamento do mesmo.
Foi ainda elaborado um banco de ensaios mecânico a fim de testar o desempenho do motor já alterado, servindo este também para testar motores até 500cc.
Por fim realizaram-se testes na prova Shell Eco Marathon e no banco de ensaios onde se retiraram valores de potência, binário e consumo específico.In this study was modified a Honda GX120, moving from the traditional carburetor to an electronic injection, with the reduction of the specific consumption as objective. This engine powered the low consumption vehicle of the UBICAR project from the Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, which participated in the Shell Eco Marathon competition. For this project it was necessary to collect information in order to understand the best adaptations and components to be used in the engine, getting the maximum performance. With the obtained knowledge, the engine changes were implemented and all the needed electronic components were integrated. It was also designed and fabricated a test bench, needed to measure the engine performance and versatile enough to allow the test of the type of engine family till 500 cc. Final tests were conducted during the Shell Eco Marathon race and at the test bench where values of power, torque and specific fuel consumption were withdrew.
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Figueira, Jorge Fernando Mimoso Pericao. "Análise e desenvolvimento de uma estrutura monocoque para um veiculo de elevada eficiência energética." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/38844.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.Esta dissertação tem como objetivo a análise e o desenvolvimento de uma estrutura monocoque de elevada eficiência estrutural (relação rigidez/massa) para incorporar o novo protótipo EV03i do projeto Eco Veículo, com vista a participar em competições de alto rendimento energético. Os objetivos deste estudo são a obtenção de uma estrutura monocoque, que irá equipar o EV03i, com valor de massa inferior ao atual XC20i, manter ou até aumentar a rigidez estrutural do veículo e manter ou aumentar a acessibilidade a qualquer parte do veículo, quer para a entrada e a saída do piloto, quer para operações de manutenção. Estes objetivos foram assim definidos de modo a que o EV03i atinja níveis de desempenho energético nunca antes atingidos pela equipa na Shell Eco-Marathon que é uma competição, a nível mundial, de veículos automóveis de elevada eficiência energética. Uma grande parte deste trabalho foi a fase inicial de seleção e estudo dos materiais a utilizar na construção da estrutura. A seleção e o estudo dos materiais ocuparam grande parte do tempo, pois tratava-se de materiais que nunca tinham sido combinados e por isso as suas propriedades mecânicas não eram conhecidas. Foi necessária a aprendizagem e compreensão do fenómeno dos materiais compósitos e materiais ortotrópicos, foram desenvolvidas folhas de cálculo de forma a obter, por via teórica, as propriedades desses materiais. Concluída esta fase, iniciou-se uma fase de testes com vista a adquirir contacto com o software que se iria utilizar para realizar as simulações pretendidas, ao mesmo tempo que se consolidavam os conhecimentos adquiridos sobre os materiais na fase anterior. A última fase consistiu na análise e simulação das estruturas que se tinham definido como objetivo. O resultado final foi uma estrutura monocoque, que cumpre todos os requisitos que lhe foram impostos, com uma massa de 5,23 kg.
The main objective of the work presented here is the research and development of a monocoque frame to embody the new EV03i prototype, aiming to take part in Shell Eco-Marathon high energy efficiency competition. The goals set here are to reduce weight, maintain or increase structural rigidity and maintain or increase cockpit space in the monocoque structure to be developed. The goals were set like so to achieve results never achieved before by the team in a Shell Eco-Marathon competition. The material study and selection was the major time consuming phase in this work as the materials selected were never tested before, therefore the respective mechanical properties were unknown. For this reason a learning stage was necessary to better understand composite and orthotropic materials, spreadsheets were created to obtain such properties with the knowledge gained in this phase. With this stage completed a test phase begun aiming to acquire software dexterity for better flowing computer simulations and at the same time consolidating the previously gained knowledge. The last stage consisted in research and simulation of the objective structures set earlier. The final result was a monocoque structure that fulfilled all the requirements and had a mass of only 5,23 kg.
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Silva, Diogo Daniel Soares da. "Projecto, construção e teste do sistema de direcção para um veículo de elevada eficiência energética." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/38823.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.O objectivo deste trabalho é projectar um sistema de direcção para o Eco-Veículo EV03i concebido para competir na Shell Eco-marathon Europe 2014. Será escolhido o sistema de direcção mais promissor, que suporte todos os esforços a que será sujeito tanto em prova como nos controlos técnicos, será encontrada a parametrização que permita minimizar a resistência de rolamento e ter a menor massa. Serão calculados os esforços nas rodas do veículo, será calculado o escorregamento lateral de cada pneu, será estudada a influência desses escorregamentos no comportamento do veículo e feitas as correcções necessárias aos parâmetros da direcção para que o veículo tenha o comportamento desejado. Serão determinadas expressões que descrevam o comportamento do veículo, serão calculados os escorregamentos laterais de cada uma das rodas, será desenvolvido um método de relacionar a influência dos escorregamentos de umas rodas nas outras. Nesta fase do trabalho teremos todos os dados necessários para desenvolver um método de parametrização do sistema de direcção. Estaremos então em condições de desenhar e seleccionar todos os componentes do sistema de direcção, e fazer as respectivas simulações computacionais.
The main objective of this work is to design the steering system of the Eco-Veículo EV03i designed to compete in Shell Eco-marathon Europe 2014. It will be selected the most promising system that is able to support all the loads of the technical control and during the competition, and that has the lowest rolling resistance and weight geometry. All the wheel loads will be calculated, as well as the sideslip of each tire and the influence of each tire sideslip in the vehicle dynamics. It will be also calculated and made the necessary corrections to the steering system parameters to achieve the desired behavior of the vehicle. With all this necessary information, the components can be selected and designed, as we are able to make the numerical simulations of the components. After the components are designed they can be constructed, assembled and tested.
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Lelo, Dinis Mianga. "Diferencial de transmissão para veículo de ultra baixo consumo." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/9922.
Full textAbstract:
O presente trabalho visa abordar o dimensionamento de um diferencial de transmissão para o veículo de ultra baixo consumo específico de combustível do motor de combustão interna GX-160 que propulsiona o Eco Veículo 516 com o intuito de o tornar mais competitivo na participação das edições de 2018/2019 da Shell Eco Marathon.
No enquadramento teórico são apresentadas as linhas gerais da estrutura e regulamento da Shell Eco Marathon na categoria onde se insere o Eco Veículo, e um histórico do veículo. Explica-se de forma detalhada os contornos e os procedimentos da realização dos cálculos de relações de transmissão.
A análise dos parâmetros permite perceber o desempenho do motor, somando-se a experiência obtida nas edições anteriores, assim como o conhecimento mais pormenorizado de alguns componentes que, direta ou indiretamente, intervêm no motor e definem no entanto, a melhor estratégia de prova para melhorar a capacidade de intervenção imediata durante a competição, com o objetivo de minimizar o consumo e obter uma melhor classificação.
Nesta linha de investigação, o grupo de docentes ligados ao sistema de órgãos mecânicos da Universidade da Beira Interior, têm desenvolvido há vários anos diversos trabalhos nesta temática.One of the purposes of this work is to design a transmission differential for ultra-low fuel consumption vehicle with the internal combustion engine GX-160 that drives the Eco Vehicle 516 with the intention of making it more competitive in the participation of the editions of 2018 e 2019 of Shell Eco Marathon. As a framework, Shell Eco Marathon's structure and regulation are presented in the Eco Vehicle category. It explains in detail the contours and procedures for conducting transmission relation of calculations. The analysis of the parameters allows to understand the performance of the engine, adding to the experience obtained from the previous editions, as well as allowing a more detailed knowledge of some components that, directly or indirectly intervene in the engine and define however, the best test strategy to improve the ability to intervene immediately during the competition, with the goal of minimizing consumption and obtaining the best classification. In this way of researches, the group of teachers linked to the system of mechanical design of the University of Beira Interior have for several years presented various works developed in this theme.
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Fonte, Carlos Magno dos Reis. "Design of a Low Consumption Electric Car Prototype." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/6482.
Full textAbstract:
Concerned with environment and sustainability, Shell has organized for the last 30 years a competition of energy efficient road vehicles called Shell Eco-Marathon (SEM). The vehicle is required to achieve a minimum mean cruise speed of 25km/h and a low drag value is an essential parameter to achieve a good result. Over the years SEM teams used a streamlined body similar to an airfoil with a minimized low frontal area, however AERO@UBI team decided to create a new concept vehicle body. This 3D body also derives from a 2D airfoil, but a geometric transformation introduced by Galvão in 1968 in "Nota técnica sobre corpos fuselados", São José dos Campos, for the creation of low drag fuselage is used. According to that author, it is possible to replicate the pressure coefficient distribution of the airfoil in the 3D body. Thus, maintaining the airfoil's low drag characteristics. Through the use of CFD software ANSYS Fluent it was possible to confirm the used concept and examine the vehicle aerodynamic. Although the final result was not optimal, it was possible to confirm the theory introduced by Galvão. [...]Preocupados com o ambiente e a sustentabilidade, a Shell organizou nos últimos 30 anos uma competição de veículos de baixo consumo designada por Shell Eco-Marathon (SEM). O objetivo do veículo é atingir a velocidade média mínima de 25km/h, sendo o valor reduzido de arrasto um parâmetro importante para atingir um bom resultado. Ao longo dos anos as equipas da SEM usaram corpos fuselados parecidos com perfis alares e com uma baixa área frontal, contudo a presente equipa AERO@UBI decidiu criar um novo conceito para o desenho da carroçaria do veículo. Este corpo 3D também deriva de um perfil alar, usando uma transformação geométrica proposta por Galvão em 1968 em "Nota técnica sobre corpos fuselados", São José dos Campos, para a criação de corpos fuselados. De acordo com esse autor, é possível replicar a distribuição do coeficiente de pressão do perfil alar para o corpo 3D. Deste modo, mantêm-se as características de baixo arrasto do perfil alar. Através do uso do software CFD ANSYS Fluent fomos capazes de confirmar o conceito usado e examinar a aerodinâmica do veículo. Apesar do resultado não ter sido o ótimo, foi possível confirmar a teoria introduzida por Galvão. [...]
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Fernandes, Fábio João Reis. "Banco de ensaio de motores de combustão para o projeto UBIcar." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/9795.
Full textAbstract:
Shell Eco-Marathon é um concurso anual onde protótipos desenvolvidos por várias escolas de todo o mundo são testados. Existem várias categorias em competição e todas elas visam a maior eficiência possível no que diz respeito ao consumo de energia. A nossa universidade, Universidade da Beira Interior (UBI), tem marcado presença assídua neste concurso onde já saiu premiada por diversas vezes.
A participação neste concurso envolve toda uma preparação que é feita ao longo do ano letivo. O UBIcar, protótipo da nossa universidade, é intervencionado em vários aspetos de modo a otimizar o seu rendimento. Uma das parcelas mais importantes é o desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento de um motor que seja ultra eficiente, responsável pela locomoção do veículo. Neste processo de aperfeiçoamento, informação como: potência, binário, rotação e consumo são elementos essenciais a ter em consideração quando toca a eleger e aperfeiçoar um impulsor. Estes dados podem ser recolhidos através de um equipamento chamado de dinamómetro, banco de ensaio ou banco de potência para veículos.
Posto isto, o objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver um equipamento capaz de fornecer todos esses dados, oferecendo assim a possibilidade de serem avaliados vários motores e também pequenas modificações introduzidas nestes.
Informação sobre as várias técnicas de medição de performance num motor de combustão interna foi recolhida, bem como dados relativos aos motores em estudo. Tudo foi cuidadosamente analisado para que o trabalho culminasse com o projeto de um dinamómetro adequado e totalmente direcionado para a competição em causa.
Durante este processo surgiram alguns percalços, o maior deles foi mesmo prever o comportamento e influência das embraiagens que estes motores possuem, pois neste caso são do tipo automático e têm um papel preponderante no desemprenho e rendimento destes mesmos motores. Esta avaliação foi importante para decidir o local do motor onde os dados relativos à sua performance iriam ser recolhidos.
Depois de todas as hipóteses analisadas, de previsto, ainda de uma maneira aproximada, o desempenho e influência das embraiagens nos motores e nos próprios testes optou-se por um dinamómetro de inércia. Resultou então o projeto de um equipamento de avaliação de performance, totalmente adaptado aos motores disponíveis e totalmente direcionado para a competição onde estes se inserem.Shell Eco-Marathon is an annual competition where young engineers from around the world are challenged to design, develop and drive energy-efficient vehicles. For these prototypes, there are several categories taken into account where the main goal is to achieve the highest efficiency possible in terms of energy consumption. Our university, Universidade da Beira Interior (UBI), has shown a regular presence in this competition which resulted in several prizes in different occasions. Competing on a higher level requires an early preparation throughout the school year. The prototype of our university, called UBICAR, has been modified in a myriad of aspects to optimize its efficiency. One of the most important parameter is the development and improvement of an engine in order to be ultra-efficient. In this process of improvement, details such as power, torque, rotation and consumption level are essential elements to consider when selecting and improving an impeller. This data can be collected through an equipment called dynamometer, test beds or engine power bank. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to develop a device able to provide all the data mentioned above giving the possibility of evaluating several engines and small tweaks and modifications on them. All information on the various techniques to measure performance on an internal combustion engine was collected, as well as data related to engines under study. Everything was carefully analyzed so that the work culminated in the design of a suitable dynamometer totally directed to the competition in cause. During this study there were some setbacks; the main one being to predict the behavior and influence of the clutches that these motors have, since in this case they are automatic and have a preponderant role in the performance and efficiency of these motors. This assessment was important to decide where the engine performance data would be collected. After all the assumptions analyzed, even in an approximate way the performance and influence of the clutches in the engines and the tests themselves, it was decided that the most reliable one would be an inertial dynamometer. This lead to a design of a performance evaluation equipment, totally adapted to the available engines and totally directed to competition where they are used.