Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Shell Group'

A group theoretic approach to Layzer's 1/2 expansion method is explored. In part this builds on earlier work of Wulfman(2), of Moshinsky et al(l4), and of Sinanoglu, Herrick(lS), and Kellman (16) on second row atoms. I investigate atoms with electrons in the 3s-3p-3d shell and find: 1. Wulfman's constant of motion accurately predicts configuration mixing for systems with two to eight electrons in the 3s-3p subshell. 2. The same constant of motion accurately predicts configuration mixing for systems with two electrons in the 3s-3p-3d shell. 3. It accurately predicts configuration mixing in systems of high angular momentum L and of high spin angular momentum S containing three electrons in the 3s-3p-3d shell, but gives less accurate results when L and S are both small. I also show how effective nuclear charges may be calculated by a group theoretical approach. In addition I explore several new methods for expressing electron repulsion operators in terms of operators of the 80(4,2) dynamical group of one - electron atoms.

Recent efforts to classify off-shell representations of supersymmetry without a central charge have focused upon directed, supermultiplet graphs of hypercubic topology known as Adinkras. These encodings of Super Poincare algebras, depict every generator of a chosen supersymmetry as a node-pair transformtion between fermionic / bosonic component fields. This research thesis is a culmination of investigating novel diagrammatic sums of gauge quotients by supersymmetric images of other Adinkras, and the correlated building of field theoretic worldline Lagrangians to accommodate both classical and quantum venues. We find Ref [40], that such gauge quotients do not yield other stand alone or ”proper” Adinkras as afore sighted, nor can they be decomposed into supermultiplet sums, but are rather a connected ”Adinkraic network”. Their iteration, analogous to Weyl's construction for producing all finite-dimensional unitary representations in Lie algebras, sets off chains of algebraic paradigms in discrete-graph and continuous-field variables, the links of which feature distinct, supersymmetric Lagrangian templates. Collectively, these Adiankraic series air new symbolic genera for equation to phase moments in Feynman path integrals. Guided in this light, we proceed by constructing Lagrangians actions for the N = 3 supermultiplet YI /(iDI X) for I = 1, 2, 3, where YI and X are standard, Salam-Strathdee superfields: YI fermionic and X bosonic. The system, bilinear in the component fields exhibits a total of thirteen free parameters, seven of which specify Zeeman-like coupling to external background (magnetic) fluxes. All but special subsets of this parameter space describe aperiodic oscillatory responses, some of which are found to be surprisingly controlled by the golden ratio, ? ? 1.61803, Ref [52]. It is further determined that these Lagrangians allow an N = 3 ? 4 supersymmetric extension to the Chiral-Chiral and Chiral-twisted- Chiral multiplet, while a subset admits two inequivalent such extensions. In a natural progression, a continuum of observably and usefully inequivalent, finite-dimensional off-shell representations of worldline N = 4 extended supersymmetry are explored, that are variate from one another but in the value of a tuning parameter, Ref [53]. Their dynamics turns out to be nontrivial already when restricting to just bilinear Lagrangians. In particular, we find a 34-parameter family of bilinear Lagrangians that couple two differently tuned supermultiplets to each other and to external magnetic fluxes, where the explicit parameter dependence is unremovable by any field redefinition and is therefore observable. This offers the evaluation of X-phase sensitive, off-shell path integrals with promising correlations to group product decompositions and to deriving source emergences of higher-order background flux-forms on 2-dimensional manifolds, the stacks of which comprise space-time volumes. Application to nonlinear sigma models would naturally follow, having potential use in M- and F- string theories.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Physics
Sciences
Physics

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 267-294).
Fish populations often comprise the largest biomass in a productive marine ecosystem. They typically play an essential role in inter-trophic energy transport, and serve as a mainstay for human consumption comprising roughly 16% of the animal protein consumed by the world's population. Despite their ecological importance, there is substantial evidence that fish populations are declining worldwide, motivating the need for an ecosystem approach to fisheries management through ecosystem scale sensing of fish populations and behavior. In this Thesis, it is shown how the recently developed Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) technique can be used to (1) quantify the acoustic scattering response of fish and remotely infer their physiological characteristics to enable species classification, and (2) remotely assess shoaling populations and quantify their group behavior in a variety of oceanic ecosystems. Shoal dynamics is studied by developing a novel Minimum Energy Flow (MEF) method to extract velocity and force fields driving motion from time-varying density images describing compressible or incompressible motion. The MEF method is applied to experimentally obtained density images, spanning spatial scales from micrometers to several kilometers. Using density image sequences describing cell splitting, for example, we show that cell division is driven by gradients in apparent pressure within a cell. By applying MEF to fish population density image sequences collected during the OAWRS 2003 experiment in the New Jersey strataform, we quantify (1) inter-shoal dynamics such as coalescence of fish groups over tens of kilometers, (2) fish mass flow between different parts of a large shoal and (3) the stresses acting on large fish shoals. Observations of fish shoals made during the OAWRS 2006 experiment in the Georges Bank are used to confirm general theoretical predictions on group behavior believed to apply in nature irrespective of animal species. By quantifying the formation processes of vast oceanic fish shoals during spawning, it is shown that (1) a rapid transition from disordered to highly synchronized behavior occurs as population density reaches a critical value; (2) organized group migration occurs after this transition; and (3) small sets of leaders significantly influence the actions of much larger groups. Several species of fish, birds, insects, mammals and other self propelled particles (SPPs) are known to group in large numbers and exhibit orderly migrations. The stability of this orderly state of motion in large SPP-groups is studied by developing a fluid-dynamic theory for flocking behavior based on perturbation analysis. It is shown that an SPP group where individuals assume the average velocity of their neighbours behaves as a fluid over large spatial scales. The existence of a critical population density above which perturbations to the orderly state of motion are damped is also shown. Further, it is shown that disturbances can propagate within mobile groups at speeds much higher than that of the individuals, facilitating rapid information transfer. These findings may explain how large shoals of fish and flocks of birds are able to stay together and migrate over large distances without breaking up. Fish shoals are ubiquitous in continental shelf environments and so are a major cause of acoustic clutter in long-range Navy sonars. It is shown that man-made airfilled cylindrical targets have very different spectral acousic scattering response than fish, so that they can be distinguished using multi-frequency measurements. It is also shown that the use of the Sonar Equation to model scattering from the man-made targets leads to large errors differing by up to an order of magnitude from measurements. A Greens' Theorem-based full-field model that describes scattering from vertically extended cylindrical targets in range-dependent ocean waveguides is shown to accurately describe the statistics of the targets' scattered field measured during OAWRS 2001, 2003 and 2006 experiments. Measurements of infrasound made during the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami event that occured on December 26, 2004 have suggested that large-scale tsunamis may produce deep-infrasonic signals that travel thousands of kilometers in the atmosphere. By developing an analytical model to describe air-borne infrasound generation by tsunamis and applying it to the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, it is shown that the mass flow of air caused by changes in sea-level due to a tsunami can generate infrasound of sufficient amplitude to be picked up thousands of kilometers away. The possibility of detecting tsunamis via seismic means is also examined by developing an analytical model for quantifying very low frequency (0.01-0.1 Hz) Rayleigh waves generated by a tsunami.
by Srinivasan Jagannathan.
Ph.D.

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 177-194).
The recent fish population decline due to increased human presence has led to calls for predictive methods to help reverse or stabilize the situation. It has been difficult, however, to establish such methods primarily due to the technical obstacles in observing fish populations in natural habitats. Here we use acoustics to observe the ocean environment and study fish behavior during the critical spawning period over continental-shelf scales. Fish are known to be one of the main sources of strong natural returns in the continental-shelf environment, and so identified as a major source of clutter for wide-area undersea surveillance. The first continental-shelf scale acoustic measurements of Atlantic cod over thousands of square kilometers using towed source and receiver arrays were made by an international, multi-disciplinary team led by MIT researchers including myself in the historic Lofoten cod spawning ground in Norway during the peak spawning period in Winter 2014, where extensive but spatially discrete groups of spawning cod were successfully imaged. These initial instantaneous wide-area observations of cod aggregations suggest that these observed spawning groups have quantifiable properties that are linked to essential collective behavioral functions. We find that the mean group population per annual spawning season of Northeast Arctic cod over the entire spawning ground in Lofoten Norway is remarkably invariant across the available 30 years of line-transect survey data. The marked stability of the annual mean spawning group size in contrast to the large variations in total spawning population across years supports the interpretation of the expected spawning group size over the 30-year data set as the group behavioral quantum empirically expected for reliable spawning. Time series of the total Atlantic cod spawning population for major spawning regions across the North Atlantic show that once the total spawning population declined below a quantum, recovery to preindustrial levels did not occur in that region even after decades, which is an apparent consequence of large difference between the pre-industrial level and one quantum level. Quantized group behavior during spawning is also investigated for the Atlantic herring species. We find that the daily herring spawning group population is stable over the peak annual spawning period from wide-area acoustic measurements of spawning herring in the Gulf of Maine in Fall 2006. This supports the quantum concept that the mean spawning group population has evolved to a stable optimal size to fulfill the essential behavioral function of reliable spawning for Atlantic herring. As with cod, time series of the Atlantic herring spawning population for major spawning grounds across the North Atlantic show that when total spawning population declined below the empirically determined quantum level, return to pre-industrial levels required decades. Our findings show that to be sustained at pre-industrial levels the total spawning population must greatly exceed the mean spawning group size found at pre-industrial levels for any oceanic fish population we investigated, and likely many others. The migration of extensive social groups towards specific spawning grounds in vast and diverse ocean environments is an integral part of the regular spawning process of many oceanic fish species. Oceanic fish in such migrations typically seek locations with environmental parameters that maximize the probability of successful spawning and egg/larval survival. The 3D spatio-temporal dynamics of these behavioral processes are largely unknown due to technical difficulties in sensing the ocean environment over wide areas. Here we use ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing (OAWRS) to instantaneously image immense herring groups over continental-shelf-scale areas at the Georges Bank spawning ground. Via multi-spectral OAWRS measurements, we capture a shift in swimbladder resonance peak correlated with the herring groups' up-slope spawning migration, enabling 3D spatial behavioral dynamics to be instantaneously inferred over thousands of square kilometers. We show that herring groups maintain near-bottom vertical distributions with negative buoyancy throughout the migration. We find a spatial correlation greater than 0.9 between the average herring group depth and corresponding seafloor depth for migratory paths along the bathymetric gradient. This is consistent with herring groups maintaining near-seafloor paths to both search for optimal spawning conditions and reduce the risk of predator attacks during the migration to shallower waters where near-surface predators are more dangerous. This analysis shows that multi-spectral resonance sensing with OAWRS can be used as an effective tool to instantaneously image and continuously monitor the behavioral dynamics of swimbladder-bearing fish group behavior in 3 spatial dimensions over continental-shelf scales. Recent research has found a high spatial and temporal correlation between certain baleen whale vocalizations and peak annual spawning processes of Atlantic herring in the Gulf of Maine. These vocalizations are apparently related to feeding activities of baleen whales with suggested functions that include communication, prey manipulation, and echolocation. Here the feasibility of the echolocation function is investigated. Physical limitations on the ability to detect large herring shoals and the seafloor by acoustic remote sensing are determined with ocean acoustic propagation, scattering, and statistical theories given baleen whale auditory parameters. Detection is found to be highly dependent on ambient noise conditions, herring shoal distributions, baleen whale time-frequency vocalization spectra, and geophysical parameters of the ocean waveguide. Detections of large herring shoals are found to be physically feasible in common Gulf of Maine herring spawning scenarios at up to 10 ± 6 km in range for humpback parameters and 1 ± 1 km for minke parameters but not for blue and fin parameters even at zero horizontal range. Detections of the seafloor are found to be feasible up to 2 ± 1 km for blue and humpback parameters and roughly 1 km for fin and minke parameters, suggesting that the whales share a common acoustic sensation of rudimentary features of the geophysical environment. No effect of anthropogenic sound on marine mammal vocalization behavior was found during our measurements. Some published statistical tests assessing the impact of anthropogenic sound on marine mammal behavior were found to have 98-100% false positive biases with no true positive confirmation, and so lack statistical significance.
by Dong Hoon Yi.
Ph. D.

The Early Permian coal samples for the study were obtained from the Vasse Shelf, southern Perth Basin, located approximately 200 km south- west of Perth. The selected coal samples for the study were also obtained from the Premier Sub-basin of the Collie Basin and the Irwin Sub-basin of the Perth Basin. The Early Permian coal measures are described as the Sue Coal Measures from the Vasse Shelf, the Ewington Coal Measures from the Premier Sub-basin and the coal measures from the Irwin sub-basin are described as the Irwin River Coal Measures.The Vasse Shelf coal is finely banded and the dominant lithotypes are dull and dull banded types, followed by bright banded and banded types, with minor bright types. The variation of dull and bright lithotypes represents fluctuating conditions of water table level during the growth of peat in the swamp. The maceral composition of the coal is predominantly composed of inertinite, followed by vitrinite and minor exinite and mineral matter. The coal is characterized by very low to medium semifusinite ratio and medium to high vitrinite content, supporting the deposition in anaerobic wet conditions with some degree of oxidation. The coal is classified as sub- bituminous to high volatile bituminous of the Australian classification. In terms of microlithotype group, the predominance of inertite over vitrite suggests the coal was formed under drier conditions with high degree of oxidation during its deposition. On the basis of the interpretations of lithotypes, macerals, microlithotypes and trace elements, the depositional environment of the coal is braided and meandering deltaic-river system without any brackish or marine influence.The maceral composition of the Collie coal predominantly consists of inertinite and vitrinite, with low exinite and mineral matter. The very low to low semifusinite ratio and low to medium vitrinite content of ++
the coal indicate that the coal was formed under aerobic dry to wet conditions with some degree of oxidation. The coal is categorized as sub-bituminous according to the Australian classification. The domination of inertite and durite over vitrite and clarite contents in the coal reflects the deposition under drier conditions with fluctuations in the water table. On the basis of the interpretations of macerals, microlithotypes and trace elements distribution, the depositional environment of the coal is lacustrine, braided to meandering fluvial system, without the influence of any marine influx.The maceral composition of the Irwin River coal consists predominantly of vitrinite and inertinite, and minor exinite and mineral matter. The coal has very low semifusinite ratio and medium to high vitrinite content, suggesting the coal was deposited in anaerobic wet conditions with some degree of oxidation. The coal is classified as sub-bituminous of the Australian classification. The predominance of vitrite and clarite over inertite and durite contents in the coal indicates that the coal was formed in wetter conditions and in high water covers with a low degree of oxidation. Based on macerals and microlithotypes contents, the depositional environment of the coal is braided fluvial to deltaic, which is in accordance with the interpreted non- marine and mixed marine environment of deposition in the sub-basin.The petrological comparisons of Vasse Shelf, Collie and Irwin River coals show that the average vitrinite content of the Irwin River coal is highest (49.1%) and of the Collie coal is lowest (37.3%) of the three. The inertinite content is highest in Collie coal (49.1%), followed by Vasse Shelf (46.4%) and Irwin River (39.2%) coals. The exinite content is low in Irwin River coal (6.3%) as compared with Vasse Shelf (9.0°/,) and Collie (8.3%) coals. The mineral matter content ++
is relatively low for all the three coals. The rank of the Vasse Shelf coal is high as compared with the Collie and Irwin River coals, either due to tectonic uplift after the deposition in post-Permian in the southern Perth Basin, or due to the average depth of burial over Vasse Shelf which is much greater than that of Collie and Irwin River coals.The comparisons of the coal from Western Australia with the selected Gondwana coals show that the predominance of inertinite over vitrinite occurs in the Western Australian coals (Vasse Shelf and Collie Basin). On the other hand, the Brazilian, eastern Australian, Indian and Western Australian (Irwin Sub-basin) coals are dominated by vitrinite over inertinite. The exinite content is highest in the Indian coals and lowest in the eastern Australian coals. The mineral matter content is highest in the Brazilian and Indian coals, and lowest in Western Australian (Vasse Shelf) and eastern Australian (Sydney Basin) coals. The rank of the coals ranges from sub- bituminous to medium volatile bituminous according to the Australian classification.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
It is tempting to conceive a program that is self-contained and to fiscally control the all the necessary developments. Such a path will lead to a program that is technically stovepiped and extremely expensive. For the test and evaluation (T&E) community, products are often developed only for single application. We do not exist in such times. The use of other program’s products and commercial products is basically required. This is the path that the Hardened Subminiature Telemetry and Sensor System (HSTSS) has taken. The HSTSS philosophy required that the technologies common to telemetry systems be examined for reduction in cost, size, ease of use, and above all the survivability under high-g or high shock environments. It was clear that HSTSS could not support all of these requirements for transmitters, batteries, electronic packaging, and sensors and be realistically affordable with a good return on investment. This paper describes how the HSTSS program has accomplished the development of new batteries, transmitters, and data acquisition devices based upon a leveraged acquisition strategy.

[Truncated abstract] The Northern Bonaparte Basin and adjacent Darwin Shelf form part of a major petroleum province on the northwestern margin of Australia. The middle to Late Cretaceous Bathurst Island Group consists of siliciclastic and pelagic carbonate strata that form the regional seal to underlying Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous reservoir sandstones. The Bathurst Island Group has previously been subdivided into four stratigraphic sequences or ‘play intervals’ bound by regional disconformities in the Valanginian (KV horizon), Lower Aptian (KA horizon), upper Lower Cenomanian (KC horizon), Middle Campanian (KSC horizon), and at the CretaceousPaleocene boundary (T horizon). Correlation of these sedimentary packages and stratigraphic surfaces requires high-resolution calcareous microfossil biostratigraphy, while palaeobathymetric determinations based on benthonic foraminiferal assemblages are important for determining the subsidence history of the area and relative sea-level changes. This study presents the first detailed stratigraphic distributions, taxonomic lists and illustrations of foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils from the Bathurst Island Group of the Northern Bonaparte Basin and Darwin Shelf. A biostratigraphic framework has been constructed for the study area incorporating ‘standard’ (Tethyan) Cretaceous planktonic foraminiferal and calcareous nannofossil events where applicable, and integrating locally defined events where necessary. This framework allows Cretaceous strata to be correlated regionally across the study area and to the global chronostratigraphic scale. Correlation of the Northern Bonaparte Basin and Darwin Shelf strata to the Cretaceous Stages and international time scale is based on recent ties of nannofossil and foraminiferal events to macrofossil zones and palaeomagnetic polarity chrons at ratified and proposed Global Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs). Calcareous nannofossil events recorded in the study area that are critical for defining stage boundaries include the lowest occurrences of Prediscosphaera columnata, Micula decussata, Lithastrinus grillii, and Aspidolithus parcus parcus, and the highest occurrences of Helenea chiastia, Lithastrinus moratus, Aspidolithus parcus constrictus, and Eiffellithus eximius. Important planktonic foraminiferal events for correlation include the lowest occurrences of Rotalipora gr. globotruncanoides, and Dicarinella asymetrica, and the highest occurrences of Planomalina buxtorfi, Rotalipora cushmani, and Dicarinella asymetrica. During the middle to Late Cretaceous the Northern Bonaparte Basin and Darwin Shelf occupied mid-high palaeolatitudes between 35ºS to 45ºS. These palaeolatitudes are reflected in the transitional character of the planktonic microfossil assemblages, which combine elements of the low-latitude, warm-water Tethyan Province to the north and the cool-water high-latitude Austral Province to the south. ‘Standard’ Tethyan zonations are most applicable for uppermost AlbianMiddle Campanian strata because equator-to-pole temperature gradients were weakly developed, and global climate was warm and equable during this interval. These conditions resulted in broad latitudinal distributions for Tethyan marker species, and consequently most UC calcareous nannofossil zones and European-Mediterranean planktonic foraminiferal zones are recognised. In contrast, the EarlyLate Albian and the late Middle CampanianMaastrichtian were intervals of greater bioprovinciality and stronger palaeotemperature gradients. In these intervals application of the Tethyan zonations is more difficult, and a number of the Tethyan biostratigraphic markers are absent from the study area (e.g. Ticinella species in the Albian and Radotruncana calcarata in the Late Campanian). Cretaceous palaeobathymetric reconstruction of the study area is based on comparison of the foraminiferal assemblages with those of previous Cretaceous palaeobathymetric studies. Marginal marine assemblages consist solely of low diversity siliceous agglutinated foraminifera (e.g. Trochammina). Inner and middle neritic water depths (0-100 m) contain rare to common planktonic foraminifera (mainly globigerine forms), robertinids (e.g. Epistomina), siliceous agglutinates, lagenids, buliminids (e.g. Neobulimina), and rotaliids. The outer neritic zone (100-200 m water depth) contains abundant planktonic foraminifera (keeled and globigerine), calcareous agglutinates (e.g. Dorothia), and diverse lagenids, buliminids, and rotaliids. Upper-middle bathyal water depths (200-1000 m) are characterised by abundant planktonic foraminifera, common siliceous agglutinated taxa (e.g. Glomospira), rare to common Osangularia, and globular species of Gyroidinoides, Pullenia, and Paralabamina.

A general interest in risk perception and the current implementation project of integrated operations (IO) at the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) laid the foundations for this thesis. Preceding effort from research teams and pilot projects has explored the effects and changes of IO to make sure the implementation of generation one and generation two will be safe. Still, the use of IO is expected to influence and possibly alter the risk picture and risk assessments of petroleum production. The RIO-project was initiated to develop new knowledge and frameworks for reasoning, as a basis and platform for risk assessment in relation to petroleum production in the environment of IO. On a request from the RIO-project this thesis explores how actors from different expert groups, in relation to petroleum production, perceive risk and risk management of IO. The findings are intended to generate ideas and information that can be utilised for suggestions on how employees in the petroleum industry could avoid or manage problems due to risk of IO. To gain insight on the subject matter a qualitative, semi-structured interview was conducted. The study consists of 13 respondents that were divided into four expert groups on the basis of their current place of work: industry members, researchers, supervisors and risk analysis consultants. The research findings were categorised and analysed according to some methods from Grounded Theory. The findings can be used to map out how these 13 actors in the petroleum sector perceive risk and risk management in relation to IO. It is further concluded that their risk perception differs and seems to be independent of the distribution across expert groups. However, as the study comprises relatively few respondents the results are insufficient to infer anything about the common perception of risk in the sector or in the expert groups. However, the results are significant and important in that they shed light on current beliefs about risk, especially in relation to the transition between generation 1 and generation 2.

The acquisition of the BG Group by Royal Dutch Shell has created the largest liquefied natural gas company in the world, and it will be the first mega-merge in the industry for more than ten years. The reason for Royal Dutch Shell in purchasing the BG Group was to acquire Brazil’s vast oil reserves, focusing on deep water fields and liquefied natural gas, but also to achieve consolidation of the oil market in an attempt to mitigate the downgrade of oil price. (Appendix 1)

碩士
國立交通大學
應用化學系碩博士班
104
Herein, a series of II-VI semiconductor core/shell QDs were synthesized by a two-step method (CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS,CdZnSe/CdS, and CdSeS/CdS). The reaction conditions were mild by adopting less toxic and less expensive reactants (cadmium oxide, S powder, Se powder, and zinc stearate) and passivating ligands (stearic acid, oleic acid, hexadecylamine,octadecylamine and trioxylphosphine oxide) instead of hazzardous organometallic precursors. Different conditions of various reaction temperatures and feeding ratios of Cd to Se were tested to accomplish the best CdSe cores for further shell decomposition. For shell growth, successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method offered a successful deposition of shell materials onto purified cores to avert homogeneous nucleation. Shell grew under moderate temperature (200 °C) in order to alleviate the alloy formation between the interface of core/shell and abate serious PL emission red-shift. The resulting PL spectra exhibited sharp peaks for most core/shell QDs and FWHM less than 40 nm, indicating satisfactory control of size distribution. After shell growth, the PL QY was significantly enhanced, especially for gradient alloy ternary cores. The resulting cores and core/shell QDs emitted light from yellow-green to red colors. This versatile synthetic methodology providing highly quality, high QY, and low-cost core/shell QDs opens a door to their applications in display and solar cells.

Cette étude de cas traite du discours de développement durable de la compagnie pétrolière anglo-néerlandaise Shell. Frappé au milieu des années 1990 par des scandales touchant à son comportement envers l'environnement et envers certaines communautés, le groupe pétrolier géant a produit à partir de 1997 des Rapports de développement durable, distincts de ses rapports financiers. Cette recherche porte sur le contenu des rapports de développement durable publiés de 1997 à 2005 inclusivement. À partir d'une méthode d'analyse qualitative inspirée de la théorisation ancrée, nous avons analysé le discours porté par les rapports hautement publicisés. Nous avons orienté notre analyse de ce discours à l'aide d'une conception tri-dimensionnelle de la responsabilité sociale et environnementale des entreprises (RSE). Le concept de légitimité et la théorie qui s'est développée à partir de celui-ci, que nous avons revisités notamment à travers des auteurs classiques tels Max Weber et Alain Touraine et à travers la littérature la plus récente, ont servi de fondation à notre cadre d'analyse. Nos questions de recherche visent à tester l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'entreprise se légitime par le discours de responsabilité sociale et environnementale à la fois parce qu'elle se rapproche des intérêts de la société par ce discours, mais aussi parce qu'elle influence les valeurs et les croyances en vigueur, grâce notamment au potentiel discursif de cet acteur. Nous avons fait ressortir dans nos conclusions que les thèmes traités dans les rapports de développement durable servent à remplir le fossé de légitimité qui se crée entre les attentes de la société et les objectifs de l'entreprise avec un discours qui non seulement vise à améliorer l'image que la société a de l'entreprise, mais également à transformer les valeurs environnementales de la société, ce qui va à l'encontre du respect de l'environnement et du bien commun et sert avant tout les intérêts de certains membres de la classe dirigeante. Un tel comportement s'avère également nuisible aux idéaux portés par le développement durable et la théorie de la RSE. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Environnement, Développement durable, Responsabilité sociale et environnementale de l'entreprise, Légitimité, Shell, Pouvoir, Domination, Société, Régulation, Institutions sociales privées, Institutions, Pétrolières, Touraine, Discours, Communication.

Regional exploration in the Barrow Sub-basin has dominantly focused on structural traps in the Top Barrow Group. A lack of recent discoveries has focused attention more towards the economic potential of the Early Cretaceous intra-Barrow Group plays. The aim of this study was to interpret the seismic sequence stratigraphy and depositional history of the intra-Barrow Group within the Barrow Sub-basin, with emphasis on the identification of stratigraphic traps and potential locations of economic seal/reservoir couplets within the study area. The study area lies south of Barrow Island, and contains the topsets, foresets and toesets of the ‘Barrow delta’, which are an amalgamation of Mesozoic sandprone fluvial, coastal deltaic and deepwater successions. The final stages of the break-up of Gondwana impacted on the structural development of the Barrow Sub-basin, when a large shelf-margin fluvial/deltaic system built out toward the north to northeast, contributing to northerly shelf margin accretion, with largescale clinoform features and associated depositional environments. The dataset comprises the Flinders 3D seismic survey 1267 km² and 35 well logs. Eleven seismic sequences are identified and a seismic sequence stratigraphic framework tied to the wells has been developed, via detailed sequence stratigraphic mapping, integrated with 3D visualisation techniques with the use of Petrel. These eleven second-order sequences are further subdivided into lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts. The movement of the palaeo-shelf break, slope and base of slope can be traced throughout each sequence, displaying an overall trend of building out in a north to northeast direction. A series of palaeo- geographic maps for each sequence has been developed to illustrate the basin’s evolution. The seismic sequences identified display progradation, followed by aggradation, then downstepping, concluding with progradation and aggradation. A high-resolution sequence stratigraphic study of Seismic Sequence 1 showed that several higher-order sequences can be identified, including numerous lowstand systems wedges, along with associated channel features, which could be targeted as new plays. The sequence stratigraphic framework developed, palaeo-geographic reconstructions and all other interpretations made for this project have been integrated to assess the prospectivity of the intra-Barrow Group over the study area, resulting in the identification of a number of leads and prospectivity summaries for each of the 11 Seismic Sequences identified within the intra-Barrow Group.
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Thesis (M.Sc.(Petrol.G&G))-- University of Adelaide, Australian School of Petroleum, 2008

Middle Ordovician (Whiterockian) sandstone units within the Oil Creek, McLish, and Tulip Creek formations of the Simpson Group of Oklahoma, and the Everton (Calico Rock Member) and St. Peter formations of Arkansas were deposited on the southern margin of Laurentia. They represent the first major siliciclastic input to the southern U.S. Midcontinent above the post-Sauk unconformity. Samples were collected from outcrops of the major sandstone units to determine their U-Pb detrital zircon age distributions for provenance. Samples were prepared and analyzed using laser ablation - inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Probability-density plots were created to determine likely source areas for sediment, based on comparing detrital zircon ages to known ages of basement terranes. Detrital zircon grains from the Early Whiterockian Calico Rock sandstone indicate a majority of its zircon population was ultimately derived from the 900-1300 Ma Grenville orogenic province, with secondary input ultimately derived from the 1300-1550 Ma Granite-Rhyolite/Anorogenic Province and the Archean Superior province along the Transcontinental Arch. It is likely, at this time, that zircons were also sourced from reworked sediments from more proximal secondary sources. With sea level rise and transgression, the depositional shoreline and the sediment source areas moved to the north and west. The basal Oil Creek Sandstone of the Simpson Group was deposited unconformably above the Arbuckle Group in southern Oklahoma, and its zircon population is dominated by grains from Archean source terranes along the Transcontinental Arch. The basal sandstone unit of the McLish Formation indicates renewed sediment input containing zircons from 1300-1550 Ma Granite-Rhyolite/Anorogenic and 1600-1700 Ma Yavapai-Mazatzal terranes along the Transcontinental Arch. The Nemaha Ridge in northeastern Kansas likely acted as a source of first-cycle sediment in the southern midcontinent during this time. Small populations of detrital zircon grains between 1800 Ma and 2000 Ma occur in the majority of the samples. Their probability density peaks are generally centered at roughly 1850 Ma, suggesting an ultimate source in the Penokean orogenic province along the Transcontinental Arch.

博士
國立臺灣大學
化學工程學研究所
104
In this dissertation, the develop of the electrically conductive particles, composite films and the graphene-based electron acceptor are studied in different strategies. This research is divided into three parts, and discussed separately. In the first part, a solution-processed metal nanoparticle/graphene composite material is developed by the incorporation of functionalized reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets, which are synthesized via diaozotization process in the presence of –SH, –SO3Na or –NH2 functional groups. In the beginning, the RGO is prepared by the oxidation of natural graphite powder and the thermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO). Both of the functionalized RGO nanosheets (RGO-SO3 and RGO-NH2) show the improved dispersibility in aqueous phase with two different functional groups –SO3Na and –NH2, respectively. After a simple in-situ reduction method, Ag nanoparticls can be distributed uniformly on the surface of functionalized RGO and utilized as conductive spacers between the graphene nanosheets. The best electrical conductivity of around 2080 S/cm at a transmittance of 88 % (at λ=550 nm) is obtained with the well-dispersed Ag@RGO-SO3 in the PEDOT:PSS matrix. By making good use of the conducting network built up by the graphene, conductive spacers (Ag NPs) and conducting polymer, we demonstrate the promising application of these nanocomposite thin film as highly conductive and transparent electrodes for organic optoelectronic devices. Second, the ternary-blend organic photovoltaic device based on an acceptor of polyaniline-functionalized graphene (p-rGO) is demonstrated. The solution-processed graphene acceptor is first functionalized via diaozotization procedure, followed by the polyaniline chain covalently grafted on the surface of graphene. To further improve the charge transport at the interface of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) donor and p-rGO acceptor, two novel thiophene-benzothiadiazole based small molecules, Tac and Taccn, end-capped with electron-withdrawing functional groups, carboxylic acid and 2-cyanoacrylic acid, respectively, is designed. The utilization of p-rGO as the electron acceptor material in P3HT bulk heterojunction photovoltaic (BHJ) devices is first demonstrated. Afterwards, the device of ternary blend BHJ organic solar cells using Tac as bridging materials shows an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE). Moreover, in Taccn series devices, the best performance is PCE of 2.03% and a short-circuit current density of 6.14 mA/cm2. The presented graphene-based acceptor shows the significance of developments in organic solar cells, and the ternary-blend BHJ is expected to be a practical approach for the fabrication of solar cell devices. In the last part, the core-shell type conductive particles based on the incorporation of polyaniline (PANI) as the activator are designed and fabricated to apply in electrically conductive adhesives. The polystyrene (PS) core particles with crosslinked structures are first prepared by dispersion polymerization to enhance the thermal stability, followed by the synthesis of PANI layer on the core surface via chemical oxidation polymerization. The modified electroless plating process is then utilized to fabricate the PS-PANI-Ag core-shell conductive particles. A series of reaction parameters, leading to various amounts of silver content and morphological effects, are investigated, including different ratios of aniline/PS and concentration of AgNO3. The prepared PS-PANI-Ag conductive particles have excellent electrical properties with Ag shells densely packed on the surface of PS-PANI cores. Moreover, the PS-PANI-Ag conductive particle are blended with environmentally friendly dispersions, water-borne polyurethane (WPU) to form electrically conductive films with a outstanding electrical property. The presented synthetic process exhibits a noteworthy relationship between the morphologies of core-shell particles and the electrical properties, and the environmentally friendly ECAs show the significant potential for the applications of electronic fields.

碩士
國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系碩博士班
91
In this thesis a sandy soil with d50 of 0.078mm was adopted in laboratory flume tests for investigating soil fluidization responses and overall suspended sediment concentration profiles in shallower depths. Both monochromatic wave and regular wave group conditions were generated and the resulting depth profiles of sediment concentration with 5 optical probes above and pore pressures with 5 transducers inside the bed were studied. Comparisons with previous experimental studies clearly show that under monochromatic waves and regular wave groups the present sandy seabed displayed typical fluidized responses termed as partially-initially fluidized, partially initially/continuously fluidized and continuously fluidized as defined in previous studies, respectively. Even in partial soil fluidization there were resonant pressure amplitude amplification and rapid mean pore pressure build-up, particularly in upper soil layer. In wave-group tests, step build-ups of the pore pressure typically illustrate that further fluidization usually occurred after the large wave actions in each group. It is found that soils with lower permeability and under steeper waves are more likely to be fluidized in the first run. In general, the depth profiles of suspended sediment concentration near above the fluidized beds approximate either a logarithmic law or an exponential law under the generated wave conditions.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋環境資訊學系
97
Twenty-one surface sediments and eight core sediments were collected in the East China Sea. These samples were analyzed for grain size, TOC, BC, n-alkanes and selected PAHs to study their distributions and identify their derived sources in this area. The distribution of grain size shows that fine and coarse particles in the inner and outer shelves, respectively. The concentration distributions of TOC and BC varied in the range of 0.0393 %~ 0.566 % and 0.0140 %~0.314 %, respectively. In addition, both parameters exist high positive correlations with fine grain particles which indicate that fine grain particles may play a key role on controlling the distribution of TOC and BC in this area. The result of CPI (1.13~4.04) shows that the terrestrial derived source may represent a major source for organic compounds in the inner shelf sediments. The distributions of UCM, Pr/Ph and n-alkanes/acyclic isoprenoid indicate that the petrolic derived source is a significant source for the distributions of organic compound in the inner shelf and not remarkable in the outer shelf. The total PAHs concentration ranged from 3.45~105 ng/g with relative higher concentrations in the coastal zone sediments of the ECS. The high correlations between PAHs and TOC or BC indicate that PAHs may exist similar transport mechanism in this region. According to the results of composition and index analysis, PAHs mainly originated from pyrogenic source and with partially petrolic source. Furthermore, the vertical distributions of PAHs in core sample reveal the pollution history which corresponds with fast economic development of China in this area. The results of depositional flux indicate that the inputs of PAHs to the ECS sediments may be affected by oil consumptions in China and Taiwan.