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Journal articles on the topic 'Shell New Zealand (Firm)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Song, Ke Dong, Peng Fei Wen, Tian Qing Liu, Li Li Jiang, and Guan Yu Mei. "Fabrication, Surface Modification and Analysis of Biocompatibility of Biologic Chitosan Scaffold." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.654.

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In this study, the surface modification and biocompatibility of the biologic chitosan scaffold were investigated. The chitosan scaffold with excellent reticular structure was attained after being purified, emulsionized, cross-linked, molded and freeze-dried step by step by using the native materials, coming from such as lobster shell, crab shell etc.. After that, its surface modification was operated with film coating by using gelatin. Then the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) derived from New Zealand rabbits were used as the seed cells and were inoculated onto the modified biologic

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Burn, P. J. "POLYIMIDE (MP-1) AS A BEARING IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY: RESULTS OF THE FIRST 100 CASES." Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_2 (2023): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.2.090.

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Polyimide (MP-1, MMATech, Haifa, Israel), is a high performance aerospace thermoplastic used for its lubricity, stability, inertness and radiation resistance. A wear resistant thin robust bearing is needed for total hip arthroplasty (THR).After independent laboratory testing, in 2006, the author used the material as a bearing in two Reflection (Smith and Nephew, USA) hip surgeries. The first, a revision for polyethylene wear, survives with no evidence of wear, noise, new osteolysis or complications related to the MP-1 bearing after 16 yrs. The second donated his asymptomatic MP-1 hip at 6.5yrs

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JPT staff, _. "E&P Notes (March 2021)." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 03 (2021): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0321-0014-jpt.

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KrisEnergy Pumps Cambodia’s First Crude in 17 Years A Cambodian concession has commenced production after years of delays in a venture between Singapore’s KrisEnergy and the government. The crude comes from oil fields in Block A, comprising 3083 km2 of the Khmer basin in the oil-rich Gulf of Thailand, off the southwestern coast of Sihanoukville. The concession will progress in phases once new wells are commissioned and completed. Kelvin Tang, chief executive of KrisEnergy’s Cambodian operations, called the 29 December event “an important strategic milestone” for the company, while Prime Minist

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4

Hurst, Sam, and Ed Vos. "New Zealand CEO compensation factors." Corporate Ownership and Control 6, no. 4 (2009): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv6i4p5.

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This paper analyses a combination of factors to try and determine whether they explain CEO compensation, and in turn help determine what makes the board of directors more effective. Factors include busy boards, local or international board members, dependent and not independent board members, director’s pay and tenure variables. Of the new and old factors considered in this approach and using a sample size of 31 NZ firms over the 2006/2007 years, a correlation existed between firm size/firm performance and CEO compensation. Further distinctions in regards to busy boards showed no significant r

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Wellalage, Nirosha Hewa, and Stuart Locke. "CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN NEW ZEALAND FIRMS." Journal of Business Economics and Management 14, no. 5 (2013): 852–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2012.680605.

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The current study aims to empirically explore the relationship between firm characteristics, corporate governance and capital structure in New Zealand's large listed companies. Eight years of data for 40 firms listed on the NZX50 Stock Exchange, are collected and observations are analysed using a conditional quantile regression. This study finds firm-specific characteristics rather than corporate governance variables play a significant role in determining firm leverage levels. The results indicate that finance policies need to vary across firm type and firm characteristics, and should match wi

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Uddin Bhuiyan, Md Borhan, and Ahsan Habib. "Determinants of nomination committee: New Zealand evidence." Corporate Board role duties and composition 7, no. 2 (2011): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv7i2c1art5.

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A sizable volume of corporate governance literature documents that an independent and competent board of directors matter for organizational success. In order to function effectively, board comprises of different sub-committees and the three most common sub-committees are audit committees, compensation committees and nomination committees. Surprisingly, there is a paucity of research in understanding the determinants of nomination committee notwithstanding the importance of an independent nomination committee in board selection process. We contribute to the nomination committee literature by i

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Koerniadi, Hardjo, and Alireza Tourani-Rad. "Does Board Independence Matter? Evidence from New Zealand." Australasian Business, Accounting and Finance Journal 6, no. 2 (2012): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v6i2.2.

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This paper examines the effects of the presence of independent directors on firm value using both market-based performance measures (Tobin’s Q ratio and EVA) and accounting-based ratios (ROA and ROE). We find that, instead of adding value, independent directors in New Zealand negatively affect firm value. We also find that, consistent with stewardship theory, independent directors have a positive effect on firm value only when they are in the minority. These findings are important given the increasing trend toward independence in corporate boards around the globe and suggest that board indepen

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TAMÁSY, CHRISTINE, and RICHARD LE HERON. "THE GEOGRAPHY OF FIRM FORMATION IN NEW ZEALAND." Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 99, no. 1 (2008): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2008.00438.x.

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9

Nakatani, Ryota. "Firm performance and corporate finance in New Zealand." Applied Economics Letters 26, no. 13 (2018): 1118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2018.1539805.

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10

Bhabra, Gurmeet Singh. "Insider ownership and firm value in New Zealand." Journal of Multinational Financial Management 17, no. 2 (2007): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mulfin.2006.08.001.

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11

Chen, Chen, David K. Ding, and William R. Wilson. "The Old Boys Club in New Zealand Listed Companies." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 8 (2021): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14080342.

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The board of directors plays an important role in implementing corporate governance in the firm, as directors have a fiduciary duty to the firm’s shareholders. The effectiveness of directors is a key determinant of corporate value and they need to bring a range of skills and experience to the boardroom. This skill and experience cannot be developed solely within the firm, and most boards incorporate non-executive directors who are or have been directors of other firms. Current research on the benefits of interlocking directorships is mixed between the claim that they bring outside feedback to

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12

McFadgen, B. G., and M. R. Manning. "Calibrating New Zealand Radiocarbon Dates of Marine Shells." Radiocarbon 32, no. 2 (1990): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200040194.

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Radiocarbon activity of 11 modern marine shell samples from the New Zealand region is enhanced compared with the surface layers of the average world ocean. The measured enhancement, δR, is equivalent to −31 ± 13 years. On this basis, the Institute of Nuclear Sciences will now use a value of −30 years in reporting calibrated ages for marine shell samples.

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13

Kraiger, Nicholas, and Warwick Anderson. "Characteristics of New Zealand dividend omissions and resumptions." Managerial Finance 46, no. 1 (2019): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-01-2019-0039.

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Purpose For firms listed on the New Zealand Stock Exchange, which is a relatively thinly traded market, the purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of stock returns associated with a dividend omission announcement when computations specifically address thin trading, and whether specific firm characteristics affect the likelihood and nature of a dividend omission. Design/methodology/approach First, event study analysis is used to check if dividend omissions actually do impact share prices in terms of short-term abnormal returns and longer-term cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) in a thin

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Li, Michelle, and Helen Roberts. "Does mandated independence improve firm performance? Evidence from New Zealand." Pacific Accounting Review 30, no. 1 (2018): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-01-2017-0004.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between board independence and firm performance for publicly listed New Zealand (NZ) firms over the period 2004-2016. Design/methodology/approach To address endogeneity concerns, the relationship between firm performance and board independence is modelled using three different approaches: firm fixed-effect estimation, difference-in-difference estimation and two-stage least squares estimation, while controlling for firm and governance characteristics. Findings The main finding is that the mandated board independence introduced by the Best Prac

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Boone, Nicholas, Sisira Colombage, and Abeyratna Gunasekarage. "Block shareholder identity and firm performance in New Zealand." Pacific Accounting Review 23, no. 2 (2011): 185–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01140581111163999.

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Mackenzie, Rebecca, Ben Kelleher, and Ed Vos. "New Zealand takeover evidence: firm characteristics and payment method." Managerial Finance 26, no. 10 (2000): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074350010766936.

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17

Drew, Michael E., Alastair Marsden, and Madhu Veeraraghavan. "Does Idiosyncratic Volatility Matter? New Zealand Evidence." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 10, no. 03 (2007): 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091507001070.

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Standard asset pricing models ignore idiosyncratic risk. In this study, we examine if idiosyncratic or unique risk affects returns for New Zealand stocks using the factor portfolio mimicking approach of Fama and French (1993, 1996). We find evidence of a negative relationship between firm size and a stock's idiosyncratic volatility. We also find that high idiosyncratic volatility firms have high betas and generate low earnings on book equity.

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18

Chen, Jianguo, Dar-Hsin Chen, and Ping He. "Corporate governance, control type, and performance: the New Zealand story." Corporate Ownership and Control 5, no. 2 (2008): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv5i2p3.

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This study investigates the ownership structure of New Zealand non-financial companies in terms of both ownership and management control and examines the effect of ownership structure on corporate governance and firms’ performance. The Berle and Mean’s hypothesis of separation of ownership and control does not find support in New Zealand. Further analysis tests the proposition that the diffusion of corporate ownership has allowed corporate managers to pursue goals other than profit maximization. The findings do provide evidence of a non-monotonic relation between managerial shareholdings and f

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Salloum, P. M., P. de Villemereuil, A. W. Santure, J. M. Waters, and S. D. Lavery. "Hitchhiking consequences for genetic and morphological patterns: the influence of kelp-rafting on a brooding chiton." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 130, no. 4 (2020): 756–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa073.

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Abstract Onithochiton neglectus is a morphologically variable, brooding chiton inhabiting coastal reefs throughout New Zealand and its Sub-Antarctic Islands. Southern O. neglectus populations are typically associated with buoyant kelp (Durvillaea spp.) and are potentially connected via kelp-rafting. Northern O. neglectus populations are less likely to raft, due to lower numbers of Durvillaea in northern New Zealand. To test for the impact of kelp-rafting on the spatial distribution of variation in O. neglectus, we undertook a combined analysis of morphological and genetic variation across the

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Li, Hao, Nuttawat Visaltanachoti, and Robin H. Luo. "Foreign Currency Derivatives and Firm Value: Evidence from New Zealand." Journal of Financial Risk Management 03, no. 03 (2014): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jfrm.2014.33010.

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21

Cox, Noel. "New Zealand and Covid-19: a swift and firm response." Round Table 109, no. 3 (2020): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2020.1757287.

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22

Massey, Claire, Kate Lewis, Virginia Warriner, et al. "Exploring Firm Development in the Context of New Zealand SMEs." Small Enterprise Research 14, no. 1 (2006): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/ser.14.1.1.

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23

Chen, Jianguo, Dar-Hsin Chen, and Huimin Chung. "Corporate control, corporate governance and firm performance in New Zealand." International Journal of Disclosure and Governance 3, no. 4 (2006): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jdg.2040082.

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24

Higham, T. F. G., та A. G. Hogg. "Radiocarbon Dating of Prehistoric Shell from New Zealand and Calculation of the δr Value Using Fish Otoliths". Radiocarbon 37, № 2 (1995): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200030885.

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We calculated a new ∆R for New Zealand waters using14C dates of historic shell previously presented by McFadgen and Manning (1990), and fish otoliths dated by Kalish (1993). We obtained a new estimate of −25 ± 1514C yr. To test the accuracy of this value for correcting conventional14C marine ages, we dated shell of a variety of different species excavated at the prehistoric site of Shag Mouth, North Otago. We compared the results with a pooled mean date for terrestrial samples and calculated a local ∆R value that we found statistically indistinguishable from the new ∆R estimate for New Zealand

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25

PILATO, GIOVANNI, and OSCAR LISI. "Macrobiotus rigidus sp. nov., new species of eutardigrade from New Zealand." Zootaxa 1109, no. 1 (2006): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1109.1.5.

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Macrobiotus rigidus sp. nov. is a new species of eutardigrade from New Zealand very similar to M. coronatus de Barros, 1942. It is characterized by having a smooth cuticle, lacking eye spots, having three macroplacoids and a microplacoid, and eggs with conical processes (with reticular sculpture and an evident ring of basal digitations) and egg shell with dots that seem to continue the basal digitations.

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26

Saleh, Mofreh F. "Development of New Fatigue Model for New Zealand Dense Graded Hot Mix Asphalts." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.747.

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The Mechanistic empirical pavement design method for flexible pavements is based on modelling certain modes of failures for different pavement materials. In the Australian and New Zealand guidelines, the mechanistic empirical pavement design is based on modelling fatigue and permanent deformation as the two major modes of failures. The Austroads guidelines use the Shell fatigue performance transfer function to model the fatigue behaviour of asphalt mixes. In this research, the fatigue behaviour of different mixes AC10, AC14 and AC20 with different types of binders 80/100 and 60/70 was thorough

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Pontawe, Reagan J., James K. Carson, James T. Agbebavi, David Klinac, and Janis E. Swan. "Osmotic Dehydration of New Zealand Chestnuts with and without Shell and Pellicle." International Journal of Food Engineering 12, no. 1 (2016): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2014-0244.

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Abstract Osmotic dehydration offers an alternative to air-drying for reducing moisture content at ambient temperature. Of four different solutes investigated, 22% (mass basis) sodium chloride (NaCl) and 60% (mass basis) sucrose solutions were the most successful, with each achieving approximately a 10% reduction in wet basis moisture content after 8 h without significant detrimental side effects, although NaCl solutions cause noticeable darkening in the pits on the surface of the chestnuts. The presence of the shell and pellicle did not significantly affect the dehydration rate. Osmotic dehydr

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Hewa Wellalage, Nirosha, and Stuart Locke. "Impact of ownership structure on capital structure of New Zealand unlisted firms." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 22, no. 1 (2015): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-09-2011-0004.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use a panel of New Zealand unlisted firms from 1998 to 2009 to examine the relationship between ownership structure and firm leverage ratios. Although, the choice of the debt in capital structure is important for all firms, the scale effects may influence the degree of influence of particular financial theories upon capital structure. Design/methodology/approach – To control the endogeneity effect of insider ownership, this study uses the dynamic panel generalised method of moment estimation and uses the Granger causality test to check the causality ef

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Koerniadi, Hardjo. "Impact of Corporate Governance on Financial Practices of New Zealand Companies." Applied Finance Letters 2, no. 2 (2013): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/afl.v2i2.14.

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This study examines the effects of firm level corporate governance on financing policiesof New Zealand firms. Using a unique self-constructed corporate governance index andemploying the methodology of Fama and French (1999) of financing of firms, we can reportthat firms with weak corporate governance generally issue more debt and have significantlyhigher cost of capital than do firms with strong governance. It is further observed thatcorporate governance does not have significant impact on dividend policy in New Zealand.

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REISCH, MARC. "ENERGY New Zealand firm intends to convert carbon monoxide to ethanol." Chemical & Engineering News 85, no. 18 (2007): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n018.p009a.

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Beverland, Mike, and Lawrence S. Lockshin. "A Stage Model of Small Firm Development in New Zealand Wineries." Small Enterprise Research 8, no. 2 (2000): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/ser.8.2.85.

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32

Tong, Sodany. "Managerial quality, firm performance, technical efficiency and productivity in New Zealand." Journal and proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 153, no. 2 (2020): 226–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.361945.

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Kayani, Umar Nawaz, Tracy-Anne De Silva, and Christopher Gan. "Working Capital Management and Firm Performance Relationship: An Empirical Investigation of Australasian Firms." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 23, no. 03 (2020): 2050026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091520500265.

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This paper examines the empirical relationship between working capital management (WCM) and firm performance (FP) for Australasian publicly listed firms. Australia and New Zealand are attractive investment destinations due to their business friendly environments. The past two decades have seen increased academic attention in studies linking WCM and FP across various parts of globe. The empirical relationship between WCM-FP has not been sufficiently examined in regards to Australian and New Zealand firms. This study measures the role of WCM during the 2008 global financial crisis in both Austra

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Perkins, S. E., J. C. Murphy, and J. Alroy. "Eosinophil Granulocytic Sarcoma in a New Zealand White Rabbit." Veterinary Pathology 33, no. 1 (1996): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589603300113.

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An 18-month-old New Zealand White rabbit developed a rapidly growing firm perianal mass. Within 2 months, the mass increased in size from 4.0 × 2.0 cm to 7.5 × 7.0 × 3.5 cm. Cut surfaces of the mass were white to yellow with foci of hemorrhage. Histopathologic examination revealed neoplastic granulocytes that invaded the dermis of the overlying skin, subcutaneous tissue, and the regional skeletal muscle. The tumor was comprised of myeloid cells with large eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules that had the histochemical and ultrastructural features of eosinophils. This is the first report of an eos

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Haar, Jarrod, Anja Schmitz, Annamaria Di Fabio, and Urs Daellenbach. "The Role of Relationships at Work and Happiness: A Moderated Moderated Mediation Study of New Zealand Managers." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (2019): 3443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123443.

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Interpersonal relationships at work are important especially for the well-being of employees. The present study tests Positive Relational Management (PRM) and its influence on employee happiness, and we include two firm-level moderators and an individual-level mediator to better understand the potential complexity of effects. Importantly, we test this in the context of New Zealand, which has been under-represented in employee studies of happiness and is important due to a growing national interest in wellbeing. We test whether positive relationships at work shape greater meaningful work (MFW)

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Bhuiyan, Md Borhan Uddin, and Jamal Roudaki. "Related party transactions and finance company failure: New Zealand evidence." Pacific Accounting Review 30, no. 2 (2018): 199–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-11-2016-0098.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the existence of related party transactions (RPTs) in failed financial companies in New Zealand when firms have interlocking directors on the board. We also examine the role of auditors in the review of RPTs. We anticipate that inter-company director relationships promote RPTs, while reputable large auditors (i.e. Big4) restrict the practice. Design/methodology/approach This study uses multivariate analysis to examine the determinants of RPTs. We use an unique, hand-collected database of New Zealand finance companies all of which collapsed during the years 20

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Anderson, Hamish D. "Discounted Private Placements in New Zealand: Exploitation or Fair Compensation?" Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 09, no. 04 (2006): 533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091506000859.

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Market commentators have suggested that New Zealand's lax private placement and disclosure regulation allows private placement purchasers to immediately sell discounted shares without disclosing these transactions to the market. However, New Zealand firms with the deepest discounts tend to have higher risks, lower returns and higher costs associated with evaluating firm value. Therefore, the possibility that deep discounts may simply represent adequate compensation for the extra risk and cost private placement purchasers incur cannot be ruled out. In this respect private placement purchasers i

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FISHER, JIM, C. KIRK, and D. TAYLOR. "R&D ACTIVITIES OF NEW ZEALAND FIRMS BY SIZE." Journal of Enterprising Culture 03, no. 01 (1995): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495895000027.

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Most companies recognise that it is essential that they engage in Research and Development activities. In 1988/89 however New Zealand stood 17 on a list of 23 OECD countries with only 0.98 percent of its GDP allocated to R&D. This article describes a recent study of the R&D activities of 89 small, medium, and large New Zealand firms, which indicated that a number of significant differences exist between the R&D policies and practices of each type of firm. It would appear that numbers of small/medium sized New Zealand firms, and even some large firms, do not recognise the importance

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BUCKERIDGE, JOHN S. "Two new species and a new subspecies of Tetraclitella (Cirripedia: Thoracica) from the Cainozoic of Australia and New Zealand and a consideration of the significance of tubiferous walls." Zootaxa 1897, no. 1 (2008): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1897.1.4.

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A tubiferous cirripede Tetraclitella judiciae sp. nov., previously known only from two isolated and incomplete shell wall plates identified as Tetraclitella sp. cf. T. purpurascens (Wood, 1815), is described from the early Miocene of Victoria, Australia; a further taxon, Tetraclitella purpurascens miocenica subsp. nov., occurs in the late Miocene-Pliocene of Victoria, and specimens from the early Miocene of New Zealand, previously recorded as Tetraclitella sp. cf. T. purpurascens (Wood, 1815) are redesignated as Tetraclitella nodicostata sp. nov. Tetraclitella is the first cirripede genus know

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Malone, Chris B., Hamish Anderson, and Peng Cheng. "Firm size and the political cycle premium." Managerial Finance 41, no. 10 (2015): 1077–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-03-2014-0083.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use firm-level data to examine whether the political cycle differentially relates to small vs large firms in New Zealand; a country that operates a unicameral political system has a short three-year political term and a right-of-centre stock market premium exists. Design/methodology/approach – Using firm-level data from 1972 to 2010, the authors examine monthly returns during right-of-centre National governments and left-of-centre Labour governments. The authors apply Santa Clara and Valkanov (2003) regression analysis approach to examine the political

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Chin, Trevor, Ed Vos, and Quin Casey. "Levels of ownership structure, board composition and board size seem unimportant in New Zealand." Corporate Ownership and Control 2, no. 1 (2004): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv2i1p9.

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The relationship between firm performance and board composition, size and equity ownership structure are investigated in this paper for a sample of 426 annual observations of New Zealand firms across a five-year period. No statistically significant relationships could be found. These results are consistent with several previous studies and cast doubt on agency explanations used to relate board ownership to corporate performance. This may be due to endogenous factors or due to the small size of the New Zealand pool of corporate directors.

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Jiang, Haiyan, and Ahsan Habib. "Ownership concentration, free cash flow agency problem and future firm performance: New Zealand evidence." Corporate Ownership and Control 9, no. 3 (2012): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i3art8.

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This study seeks to empirically examine the effect of ownership concentration on mitigating free cash flow agency problem in New Zealand. Following Jensen’s (1986) argument that managers have incentives to misuse free cash flows, this study tests whether concentrated ownership structure helps alleviate such a problem or exacerbates it. A natural consequence of this agency problem will be overinvestment and other operational inefficiencies which are likely to have a detrimental impact on firms’ future performance. The second objective of this paper is to examine the association between FCFAP co

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GORDON, DENNIS P. "New Hippothoidae (Bryozoa) from Australasia." Zootaxa 4750, no. 4 (2020): 451–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4750.4.1.

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The diversity of Hippothoidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) in New Zealand is increased from 12 named species to 17 and the number of genera from three to five. New species are recognised in the genera Antarctothoa, Hippothoa, Jessethoa n. gen. and Neothoa (newly discovered in New Zealand waters). A new species of Plesiothoa from New South Wales is also described. Collectively, the new taxa encrust a range of substrata (a catenicellid bryozoan, brown and red macroalgae, rock and mollusc shell). The status of two existing species is changed—Hippothoa divaricata pacifica Gordon, 1984 is raised to ful

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M Salloum, Priscila, Shane D Lavery, Pierre de Villemereuil, and Anna W Santure. "Local adaptation in shell shape traits of a brooding chiton with strong population genomic differentiation." Evolution 77, no. 1 (2022): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpac011.

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Abstract Comparing divergence in quantitative traits and neutral molecular markers, such as QST–FST comparisons, provides a means to distinguish between natural selection and genetic drift as causes of population differentiation in complex polygenic traits. Onithochiton neglectus (Rochebrune, 1881) is a morphologically variable chiton endemic to New Zealand, with populations distributed over a broad latitudinal environmental gradient. In this species, the morphological variants cluster into 2 geographically separated shell shape groups, and the phenotypic variation in shell shape has been hypo

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Lewis, Kate, and Claire Massey. "Critical yet invisible: the “good wife” in the New Zealand small firm." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 3, no. 2 (2011): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17566261111140198.

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Bayfield, Rachel, Leo Paul Dana, and Samuel Stewart. "Firm characteristics and internationalisation strategies: an empirical investigation of New Zealand exporters." International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business 3, no. 3 (2009): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgsb.2009.024571.

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Chan, Kenny Ka Yin, Li Chen, and Norman Wong. "New Zealand State-owned enterprises: is state-ownership detrimental to firm performance?" New Zealand Economic Papers 52, no. 2 (2017): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00779954.2016.1272626.

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Schofield, John C., Roseanne M. Grindley, and Jonathan A. Keogh. "The use of diagnostic radiology to detect shell irregularities in the New Zealand paua (abalone) Haliotis iris." Laboratory Animals 35, no. 2 (2001): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0023677011911552.

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A method is described for the non-destructive, non-invasive, detection of shell lesions in the New Zealand paua, a marine gastropod Haliotis iris using diagnostic radiology. The X-ray method reliably detected the presence of shell lesions in 96% of the cases examined once lesion dimensions exceeded 6.2 × 7.1 mm. The extent of lesions above this size can be reliably and accurately determined from X-ray images viewed on a video display unit (VDU). Biofouling on the outside of the shell can cause misdiagnoses. This method is a significant animal welfare refinement in the identification of marine

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Higham, T. F. G., and W. J. Gumbley. "Early preserved Polynesian kumara cultivations in New Zealand." Antiquity 75, no. 289 (2001): 511–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00088694.

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Archaeological evidence for prehistoric gardening practices in Polynesia includes stone boundary walls, storage pits and structures, drainage systems and evidence for the modification of soil, but often the remains of horticultural practise are ephemeral. Maori developed a range of novel modifications to their traditional horticultural methods which enabled the successful introduction of the range of Polynesian cultigens into the temperate New Zealand environment, the furthest southwards these crops were introduced. They modified the soil by adding charcoal, shell and alluvial gravels to chang

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Cummings, Vonda J., Abigail M. Smith, Peter M. Marriott, Bryce A. Peebles, and N. Jane Halliday. "Effect of reduced pH on physiology and shell integrity of juvenile Haliotis iris (pāua) from New Zealand." PeerJ 7 (September 25, 2019): e7670. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7670.

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The New Zealand pāua or black footed abalone, Haliotis iris, is one of many mollusc species at potential risk from ocean acidification and warming. To investigate possible impacts, juvenile pāua (~24 mm shell length) were grown for 4 months in seawater pH/pCO2 conditions projected for 2100. End of century seawater projections (pHT 7.66/pCO2 ~1,000 μatm) were contrasted with local ambient conditions (pHT 8.00/pCO2 ~400 μatm) at two typical temperatures (13 and 15 °C). We used a combination of methods (morphometric, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction) to investigate effects on juven

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