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1
Jägers, Nicola, Katinka Jesse, and Jonathan Verschuuren. "The Future of Corporate Liability for Extra territorial Human Rights Abuses: The dutch Case Against Shell." AJIL Unbound 107 (2013): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300009673.
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The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. limits the potential of the Alien Tort Statute (ATS) as a means of legal redress for victims of human rights abuses caused by transnational companies. Interestingly enough, almost simultaneously with the Kiobel decision by the U.S. Supreme Court, a Dutch court issued its rulings in five cases concerning Nigerian individuals, supported by a Dutch environmental nongovernmental organization (NGO), in their claims against Royal Dutch Shell (RDS), headquartered in the Netherlands, and its Nigerian subsidiary, Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria, Ltd. (SPDC). These cases relate to oil spills for which the plaintiffs believed Shell should be held liable.
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Onyekpe, B. O., and L. P. Dania. "Flowline corrosion problems: a case study of Shell Petroleum Development Company, Nigeria." Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 3, no. 3 (September 1997): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552519710177934.
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Itu, Madu. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development: A Study of Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria and Nigeria AGIP." AKSU Journal of Administration and Corporate Governance 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.61090/aksujacog.2024.004.
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This study assessed the procedures and practices of Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria (SPDC) and Nigeria AGIP Oil Company (NAOC) in implementing their respective corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the development of host communities of Bayelsa state. The theoretical framework was derived from the social exchange theory, while the ex post facto research design was applied by employing multi-stage sampling technique, through survey questionnaires. It recorded a reliability index of 0.83. To achieve this, two research questions guided the study, with a sample size of 398 respondents drawn from twenty-four (24) host communities through multi-stage sampling techniques. Data were analysed with mean analysis and chi-square. It found that there was a significant relationship between the level of host community participation and the socio-economic life of the host communities in CSR of SPDC and NAOC on the sustainable development in Bayelsa State. It therefore recommended that SPDC/NAOC should invest a greater percentage of their profit on educational projects, adhere to the implementation of the Global Memorandum of Understanding (GMoU), the introduction of capacity-building programmes and full public participation by the host communities in the implementation of CRS activities.
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Sakib, S. M. Nazmuz. "The Impact of Oil and Gas Development on the Landscape and Surface in Nigeria." Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer 4, no. 1 (October 2, 2021): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjec.2021.4.1.9-17.
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This writing will focus on the impact on the impact of oil and gas development on the landscape, surface water and groundwater of the Niger Delta – while also assessing the various means of remediation in use. Geologically, the Niger Delta petroleum systems consist of Lower Cretaceous , Upper Cretaceous–lower Paleocene and Tertiary. When Nigeria became an independent nation on 1 October 1960, Shell–BP began to relinquish its acreage and its exploration licenses were converted into prospecting licenses that allowed development and production. The Federal Government of Nigeria started its Department of Petroleum Resources Inspectorate in 1970 and Nigeria joined the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries in 1971. – and in order to take control of the country’s petroleum industry, Nigeria nationalized BP’s holding completely in 1979, and Shell–BP became Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria. Oil spillages routinely occur in the Niger Delta. The official figures of SPDC show that between 1976 and 2001, 6,187 incidents in which 3 million barrels were spilled. The Niger Delta Environmental Survey An impact assessment of the 1983 Oshika oil spill. Spills of crude oil in Niger Delta farmlands have been reported since 1971. In general, toxicity depends on nature and type of crude oil , level of oil contamination, type of environment and degree of selective of individual organisms. Controlled burning effectively reduce the amount of oil in water, if done properly but it must be done in low wind and can cause air pollution. A principal target for emissions reduction is flaring and venting which causes most of the air pollution. Saltwater tanks can be often susceptible to lightning strikes due to build up in static electricity, with the spilled oil spreading to surrounding lands, waterways. This requires a secondary containment of the tanks that makes it easier to clean up the inevitable spill. In cases of expected major storms or flooding events, crude oil can be removed from tank batteries while refilling the tanks with saltwater to prevent them tipping over during the flooding event.
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Faturoti, Bukola, Godswill Agbaitoro, and Obinna Onya. "Environmental Protection in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry and Jonah Gbemre v. Shell PDC Nigeria Limited: Let the Plunder Continue?" African Journal of International and Comparative Law 27, no. 2 (May 2019): 225–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2019.0270.
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The case of Jonah Gbemre v. Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited made a historic deviation from the usual trend of seeking monetary compensation by host communities in oil-rich regions in Nigeria. Rather, it seeks to correct regulatory shortcomings which were upheld by the court but never enforced. This article argues that the failure to enforce the judgment of the court is a missed opportunity to strengthen the environmental regulatory framework in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. It further argues that if the judgment had been enforced, it could have contributed to the reduction of the militant activities in the region and also encourages a significant change in the pattern of redress sought by litigants whose communities have been affected by the operations of oil multinational corporations in the region.
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Okringbo, J. I., Bai, E. M., and Agadaga, B. B. "ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN CONFERENCES ORGANIZED BY SHELL PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT COMPANY IN NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA." Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v4i3.231.
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The study examined community members' participation in conferences organized by shell petroleum development company (SPDC) in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Purposive random sampling technique was used for the selection of 240 community members in SPDC host communities. The data for the study were collected through the use of questionnaire and were analysed using both descriptive (the mean) and inferential statistics (ANOVA). The result showed that impact assessment studies ( = 2.8), oil spillage clean-up process ( = 2.9), community-based pipeline surveillance ( = 3.1) and construction of inter-community roads ( = 3.0) were the various conferences community members participated in. The result further showed that SPDC is insensitive to the plight of community members ( = 3.8), SPDC uses incinerators to burn wastes; however, in the Niger Delta, the waste from spillage are deposited in a large trench ( = 3.6), instructional materials are not provided to schools in host communities by SPDC ( = 3.4) and scholarship from SPDC is not distributed equally among host communities ( = 3.4) were various perception of community members on SPDC environmental degradation impact management. The ANOVA result showed significant difference on the level of community member’s participation in conferences organized by SPDC in Niger Delta at P<0.05 level of significance. The study concluded that community member’s participated in conference organized by SPDC. Hence, there is need for SPDC to increase her scholarship programme and equally distributed among host communities. Beneficiaries’ names should be published on the print media and notice boards within the SPDC cluster communities.
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Becker, Paula Alexander. "The alien tort statute of 1789 and international human rights violations: Kiobel v. royal dutch petroleum co." New England Journal of Entrepreneurship 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/neje-17-01-2014-b004.
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Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. involves an action under the Alien Tort Statute (ATS). The case was brought in the United States, Southern District of New York, by the widow of Dr. Barinem Kiobel, a Nigerian activist and member of the Ogoni tribe, and others for human rights violations committed in the Niger River Delta. Defendants include Royal Dutch Petroleum, Shell Transport and Trading Co., and Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria. Although the human rights violations including murder and torture were allegedly committed by the Nigerian military government, it is claimed that the Royal Dutch Petroleum defendants aided and abetted the Nigerian military in the human rights violations. The plaintiffs had engaged in protests about the environmental damage caused by the Royal Dutch Petroleum defendants in the area of the Niger Delta and the plight of the Ogoni people in Ogoniland. At the trial level, the court decided that certain claims involving violations of the Law of Nations could be heard by the court. However, the case was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which decided that there is a presumption against extraterritoriality in the application of the ATS, and that “mere presence” of a defendant corporation in the United States is insufficient for a court to assume jurisdiction. However, the question remains: What corporate presence would serve as a sufficient basis for a court to assume jurisdiction under the ATS? Given the possibility that corporations could, and perhaps in the future will, be found liable for human rights violations occurring in foreign locales even after Kiobel, prudent risk management behooves corporations and their counsel to monitor whether human rights violations are occurring in connection with their operations, even when those human rights violations are committed by foreign governments or their agents.
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Babs Toyon, Ashima. "Review of Literature on Sources of Remotely Sensed Data for Utilization of Land Resources." Advance Research in Sciences (ARS) 1, no. 1 (March 16, 2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/ars/1003.
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In Nigeria aerial photographs and other remotely sensed data can be obtained from Federal Survey Department, this unit acquires and archives aerial photograph of different parts of the country. Oil prospecting companies operating in Nigeria such as Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited, Elf Plc, Chevron and AGIP also acquires and store aerial photos. Satellite imageries (particularly Landsat and SPOT) may be obtained through Regional Centre for Training in Aerospace Surveys (RECTAS), Ile Ife; international Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan; Federal Department of Water Resources, Kaduna; etc. even if required remotely sensed data is not in stock the imagery of an area on the earth’s surface which is of particular interest to a client, SSC satellitbild can programme the SPOT satellite to record an image of the area in question provided that he (the client) can identify the area in terms of latitude and longitude.
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Whiskey, Monday Obukowho, and Majority Oji. "Evaluation of the Level of Variability of Niger Delta Community People’s Awareness and Knowledge of Chevron Regional Development Councils (RDCs) and Shell’s Cluster Development Boards (CDBs) Activities." Studies in Media and Communication 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v11i1.5866.
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The study's objectives were to evaluate the level of variability in community people's awareness and knowledge of Chevron Nigeria Limited (CNL) Regional Development Councils (RDCs) and Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria (SPDC) Shell Cluster Development Boards (CDBs) and to determine whether the ascertained community people's awareness and knowledge have a significant impact on how well Multi-National Oil Corporations (MNOCs) development programmes are carried out in the host communities. Adopting the cross-sectional research design, the study surveyed 400 respondents from selected four states in the Niger Delta Oil Producing communities where RDCs and CDBs are operated. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, means, and percentages were used to describe the socio-demographic information and the research questions. Inferential statistical tools like the One-Way Analysis of Variance and regression analysis had been used to take a look at the formulated hypotheses for the study. The findings indicate no relevant difference among community people in their state of awareness of the RDCs and CDBs but that the host community’s people poor involvement in the RDCs and CDBs resulted from inadequate requisite knowledge of the activities of MNOCs in their communities. The study recommended that every decision-making and taking process involve in project initiation, execution and implementation should involve the host communities in order to earn the people’s trust and respect.
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JPT staff, _. "SPE Board Announces Nominees 2023 President and 2022 Directors." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 05 (May 1, 2021): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0521-0018-jpt.
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SPE Board Announces Nominees 2023 President and 2022 Directors Medhat (Med) Kamal is the nominee for 2023 SPE President. He and six others make up the new slate of nominees recommended for positions open on the SPE Board of Directors. 2023 SPE President Medhat (Med) Kamal is a Chevron Fellow Emeritus with primary responsibilities including competency development within the company, identification and development of emerging and white-space technology opportunities, and provision of technological advice and counsel to senior management. He formerly was a fellow and leader at the dynamic reservoir characterization group for Chevron Energy Technology Company. Before Chevron he worked for ARCO, Flopetrol Schlumberger, and Amoco. North America Regional Director Simeon Eburi is a frontier exploration and new ventures petroleum engineer with Chevron, responsible for generating conceptual field development for exploration and business development opportunities. He has spent much of his professional life at Chevron in roles ranging from production operations supervisor in Bakersfield, California, and decision and economic analyst/advisor for deepwater US Gulf operations to production engineer in Oklahoma. Africa Regional Director Oghogho Effiom is a senior development planner for Shell Nigeria, where she enables integration between all disciplines to ensure consistencies across projects regarding development concepts, scenarios, and decisions. She formerly was a senior production geologist with Shell Nigeria. Asia Pacific Regional Director Henricus Herwin is the vice president for technical excellence and coordination at Pertamina, facilitating the expansion of the development and production staff ’s technical capabilities through publications, training, and networking. Prior to his current post, Herwin served as vice president of geoscience and reservoir for Pertamina as well as the head of the development and planning division. Before joining Pertamina in 2018, he held various upstream positions at Total. Middle East and North Africa Regional Director Hisham Zubari is the senior advisor to the Minister of Oil for Bahrain, where he identifies, initiates, plans, and manages national energy and sustainability initiatives related to energy efficiencies, renewable energy, and circular economy. He also acts as a senior advisor to the Bahrain National Oil and Gas Authority. Prior to his current posts, Zubari was deputy chief executive officer of Tatweer Petroleum and general manager for human resources and administration for Bahrain Petroleum Company, among other positions. Completions Technical Director Karen Olson is a senior completions advisor for Well Data Labs and an independent consultant. She previously was technology director for Southwestern Energy Company. Olson has been a completion/ reservoir engineer for more than 37 years, starting her career as a fracturing engineer for The Western Company of North America. She has also worked at S.A. Holditch and Associates, Mobil Oil, and BP. Reservoir Technical Director Rodolfo Gabriel Camacho-Velázquez is a professor in the petroleum engineering department at the National University of Mexico, where he teaches courses related to naturally fractured reservoirs and provides guidance and monitors research progress on the subject. He worked with Pemex for 25 years, where he was the manager of different positions identifying assets’ technical needs and provided guidance on the dynamic characterization and behavior of complex, naturally fractured reservoirs.
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Adekola, Ganiyu. "Relationship between Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) and Her Host Communities in the Promotion of Community Development in Rivers State, Nigeria." International Education Research 1, no. 2 (June 28, 2013): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12735/ier.v1i2p21.
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Samson, Bredino, Fiderikumo Peter, and Adedoyin Adesuji. "Corporate Social Responsibility & Poverty Reduction in Bayelsa State, Nigeria: A study of Shell Petroleum Development Company CSR Strategy." International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 9, no. 4 (August 30, 2022): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23942703/ijhss-v9i4p103.
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Itu, Madu, and Ebikeme D. Atiye. "Community relation strategies and sustainable development: a study of Shell Petroleum Development Company Limited (SPDC) and her host communities in Bayelsa State, Nigeria." Journal of Global Social Sciences 4, no. 15 (August 31, 2023): 227–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.58934/jgss.v4i15.194.
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The objective of the study was to investigate and assess the community relations strategies (CRS) and sustainable development (SD) of Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) and their host communities in Bayelsa state. The study adopted the marginality and mattering theory (MMT) proposed by Schlossberg (1989), as theoretical underpinning for understanding community relation strategies and sustainable development particularly marginalized SPDC host communities in Bayelsa state, and applied descriptive survey research design to generate data. It was reinforced by secondary sources. The study finds that SPDC has not imparted positively to the sustainable development of the host communities in Bayelsa state compared to the negative consequences rising from the exploitation and exploration of oil and gas activities in their host communities, which include: environmental pollution, oil spillage, unemployment, destruction of farmland and other forms of degradation. It also reveals that even the little efforts put towards host community’s development projects such as Scholarships, health centre construction/maintenance, school renovations, link road construction, market construction, portable water and electricity supplies, etc, have not been sustained after at least six months of commissioning. Despite this, SPDC's relationship with her host communities has been tense. Thus recommend that government and SPDC should implement capacity-building programmes, assure full community engagement in need identification, and devise measures to foster peace and harmony within SPDC's host communities’ operation to takes place.
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Nyerhovwo MUOBOGHARE and Jammy Seigha GUANAH, Ph.D. "MISCONCEPTION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF OIL COMPANIES ON THEIR HOST COMMUNITIES: A STUDY OF SHELL PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT COMPANY AND COMMUNITIES IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA." International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences 5, no. 3 (May 6, 2023): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijarss.v5i3.473.
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Over time, there has been a strained relationship between the residents of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and the Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) due to the perceived inadequate implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives by SPDC. SPDC, however, maintains that they are merely a company and cannot take on the role of the government in the development of the region. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the current perception of CSR among residents of the Niger Delta in Nigeria. It was anchored on Stakeholder theory. A secondary research was conducted to explore previous views and evolution of CSR, but it only provided insight into the concept without any conclusion. As a result, a primary research was carried out using an ethnographic qualitative method in eight oil-producing communities in Delta state, where the inhabitants were reluctant to disclose information to strangers. The findings revealed that while the residents had a favourable perception of CSR, they were inflexible in their insistence that it should be mandatory for SPDC to undertake CSR initiatives due to the environmental hazards resulting from the company's operations. It was recommended that public enlightenment programmes, on behalf of the SPDC/Government/Communities, could help change people's perception about who is responsible for what, and how the communities should be managed. It was also recommended that SPDC should strengthen its community relations team to interact more with the community and improve its corporate image. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Host Communities, Misconception, Niger Delta, Oil Companies, SPDC.
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Ominikari, Abraham Godwin and Itekume, Elohor. "ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS BY SHELL PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT COMPANY IN EMPOWERING CLUSTER COMMUNITIES IN KOLOKUMA/OPOKUMA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA." Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v4i3.229.
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The study assessed community development projects available by Shell petroleum Development Company (SPDC) in empowering rural dwellers in Kolokuma/Opokuma Local Government Area of Bayelsa State. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 105 respondents. Data obtained were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings showed that road construction (m = 2.87), scholarship to youths (m = 3.39) and skill acquisition for youth (m = 2.85) were the recognized empowerment projects of SPDC. Availability of SPDC empowerment projects in the study area benefited rural dwellers in terms of provision of employment, serving as source of income, allowing them to acquire knowledge/skills, making some rural infrastructure available, enabling them become an entrepreneur and offers leadership opportunity to them. There was significant difference in the mean ratings on benefits derived by cluster communities on rural development projects. In conclusion, scholarship to youths, and skill acquisition for youth were the empowerment projects of SPDC made available to rural dwellers. The study recommended that there is need to review SPDC projects to make it more robust in providing empowerment projects such as pipe born water, building of schools, building of health centres/general health care, rural electrification, provision of vehicles for rural transportation, and provision of farm equipment which the rural dwellers in cluster communities in Kolokuma/Opukuma Local Government Area of Bayelsa State could not identify as being made available to them by SPDC.
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Odisu, Terry Andrews. "The Nigerian State, oil multinationals and the environment: A case study of Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC)." Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research 7, no. 2 (March 31, 2015): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jpapr2014.0303.
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Ofualagba, G., and D. U. Onyishi. "Oil spill identification in visible sensor imaging using automated cross correlation with crude oil image filters." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 2 (July 17, 2020): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i2.29.
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An algorithm for detection of crude oil spills in visible light images has been developed and tested on 50 documented crude oil spill images from Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) Nigeria. A set of three 25 x 25 pixels crude oil filters, with unique red, green, and blue (RGB) colour values, homogeneity, and power spectrum density (PSD) features were cross-correlated with the documented spill images. The final crude oil spill Region of Interest (ROI) was determined by grouping interconnected pixels based on their proximity, and only selecting ROIs with an area greater than 5,000 pixels. The crude oil filter cross correlation algorithm demonstrated a sensitivity of 84% with a False Positive per Image (FPI) of 0.82. Future work includes volume estimation of detected spills using crude oil filters, and utilizing this information in the recommendation of appropriate spill clean-up and remediation procedures for the detected spills.
Keywords: Crude Oil Spill Detection, Crude oil image filters, Cross correlation, Visible sensor imaging, Oil Spill Segmentation.
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Akinbi, Joseph Olukayode. "Globalisation and Transnational Corporations in the Petroleum Sector of the Nigerian Economy: A Historical Analysis." East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajass.5.1.591.
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The crucial ingredient in the development of the global economy or any economy for that matter is an investment. Transnational Corporations (TNCs) are the main purveyors of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The Nigerian situation is no exception to the above pattern where TNCs occupies a towering influence over strategic sectors of the economy, especially the Petroleum sector. This paper examines the nature, dynamics, and scope of the operations of Transnational Corporations such as the Anglo/Dutch Shell Development Company in Nigeria’s oil sector. The positive and negative impacts of such corporations on the Nigerian economy are also highlighted and weighed. It also analyses why the Nigerian state has found it more difficult to control the activities of such corporations. The research method adopted for the study is a historical approach that took cognisance of existing scholarly works and the use of simple descriptive analysis of available data on the study. The paper concluded by submitting that the corporations benefited more from the Nigerian economy than whatever they might have contributed, while certain suggestions are also proffered as a way forward.
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Ozumba Chinyere Ozumba, Bertram, and Ebele Ilondu. "A Survey on the Menace of Lingzhi Mushrooms on Trees in Shell Residential Area, Port Harcourt." International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Science and Toxicology 3, no. 3 (August 31, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/2572-3162/3/3/00124.
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Observations through routine tree surveys and reports by estate managers and residents show an increasing rate of sudden fall of healthy looking trees recently in Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Residential Area (SPDC RA), thus creating a high potential risk to lives and facility. An earlier survey had suggested that a weakening of the root system due to the presence of mushroom species of a cosmopolitan basidiomycete in the genus Ganoderma may be responsible for the tree falls. Consequently, a team was constituted for an emergency tree hazard hunt exercise using the approved criteria for tree cutting as terms of reference. During the tree hunt exercise, a survey was undertaken with the aim of identifying the mushroom species involved and type of disease, disease symptoms, method of infection/spread, any diagnostic tools for the disease as well as curative and preventive measures for the management of the disease in order to proffer suitable recommendations. Forty-one (41) out of a total of two hundred and seventy-one (271) trees surveyed (15%) were impacted by the mushroom. Disease symptoms include yellowing, necrosis, wilting of the palms fronds and development of a basidiocarp at the tree base. The fungus is soil-borne, spreading from root to root and by migration of airborne basidiospores from basidiocarp. It overwinters in dead woody debris and tree stumps. Some diagnostic tools have been developed both in the laboratory and field for the diagnosis of this disease which include; Calorimetric method using Ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid, Ganoderma selective media, use of Polyclinal Antibodies (PAbs) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Remote Sensing System, application of colour indices using multispectral and thermal camera as well as tomography instrument. The use of trench system, soil mounding, fungicidal treatment and replanting techniques have great potentials in the management of this disease. Periodic checks, routine removal of basidiocarps, geo-referencing and superimposing the impacted trees positions on an existing RA Base map and replanting the cut trees to re-vegetate the environment in phases with seedlings around the camp are recommended. Proper taxonomic study on the Ganoderma species diversity in the RA environment is necessary. Keywords: Shell Petroleum Development Company Residential Area (SPDC RA); Basidiomycete; Basidiocarp; Calorimetric method; Polyclinal Antibodies (PAbs); Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR); Remote Sensing; Taxonomic study; etc.;
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L.O, Uti, Asuelimen L.O, and Esabunor O.R. "Well Stimulation to increase Oil Production (a Case Study of Well 2L of the Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) Western Operation Division in the Niger Delta, Nigeria)." International Journal of Geoinformatics and Geological Science 6, no. 2 (May 25, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23939206/ijggs-v6i2p101.
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Onor, Kester, and Thaddeus T. Ityonzughul. "Oil Economy and Society of Nigeria’s Niger Delta Region, 1956-2019." Jurnal Administrasi Publik Public Administration Journal 14, no. 1 (June 28, 2024): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jap.v14i1.12089.
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This paper studies the oil economy with a particular focus on the Nigeria’s Niger Delta Region. It argues that since the discovery and exploration of oil in commercial quantities in the Region, it has become both a blessing and a curse. It is a blessing because it has provided wealth to the people and government of the region. Some indigenes of the Nigeria Delta are owners of the oil wells others are employed to work with the oil multi-national companies like Chevron, Texaco, Shell Petroleum Development Company, Agip Oil Company, et cetera. The exploration of oil in the area under review is also a curse because it has negatively affected plants and animals (that is the destruction of flora and fauna); it has destroyed the ecosystem of the area. Using survey and documentary methods of data collection; the paper reveals that despite the discovery and exploration of oil in the said region, Nigeria’s Delta Region has remained one of the underdeveloped regions of the country. This is to say that the impact of the oil industry on the economy and society of the people is marginally felt. Based on the foregoing, these policy options are made. The government should give immediate attention to the indigenes of the region where crude oil is being extracted from. This will reduce the unrest in that region. The government should establish an institution that will ensure that the multinational oil companies are socially responsible to their host communities. Environmental pollution and the adverse effects on the host communities of oil exploration sites in the Niger Delta is an important issue that requires urgent and prompt attention because petroleum production forms the major natural-based resources on which the country depends. Therefore, Policymakers of the various oil exploration companies should realize that there is a need to protect the health, safety, and welfare of these communities. The communities and the inhabitants have to be well protected and some of the health and safety measures, which members of the company staff benefit, should be extended to members of the host communities to improve their standard of living.
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Uzoma, Mathew Shadrack. "APPLICATION OF THE DEDUCTIONS FROM NAVIER STOKES EQUATIONS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF FLOW VELOCITY AND THROUGHPUT IN A GAS PIPELINE BY COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH." European Journal of Physical Sciences 1, no. 1 (September 17, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejps.400.
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Theoretical treatment of gas pipeline pressure-flow problem had been presented applying Navier Stokes equation reduced to their appropriate forms by applicable practical conditions. The results obtained from the theoretical analysis tally with the operating conditions of the case study pipelines. The pipelines being Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) and ElfTotal Nigeria Limited. The results obtained by numerical discretization suggested that these pipelines are not optimally operated. Hence, the need to adjust the flow situation to bring pressure and flow throughput to optimal level of performance. Throughput in excess of the operating conditions could be accommodated by these operating pipelines. It is imperative that this could prevent the spread of these vital capital intensive assets. The funds so conserved could be diverted to sourcing for new gas fields to increase the nation’s strategic reserves.Purpose: The purpose of this work is to enable comparative analysis of the results of the deductions from Nervier Stokes equations with that generated by computer simulation of the discrete formulation.Methodology: Outlining the deductions and developing the discrete formulation. Computer program was developed for the discrete formulation and operational data from operating gas pipelines injected both for the deductions and computational algorithmic coding and the deduced expressions from the Nervier Stokes equations. Results obtained were compared in a bid to address line throughput subject to the operational conditions of the specified gas pipelines in this study.Findings: The output results of the Nervier Stokes deductions matched closed with operational throughput of the two gas pipelines. The numerical discretization simulation results confirmed that additional throughput far and above 1.8m3/s could still be accommodated by these gas pipelines.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: As earlier predicted, our existing gas pipelines are grossly under-operated. Additional capacity much more than the operational capacity could still be accommodated by these gas pipelines.
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Chima, Uzoma Darlington, and Miriam Ugochi Opara. "Evaluation of Morphological Properties of Avenue Tree Species and Concentrations of Pollutants Under and Outside Their Canopies in Port Harcourt, Nigeria." Journal of Environment and Ecology 10, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jee.v10i2.15258.
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We evaluated the morphological attributes of three major avenue tree species (Delonix regia, Gmelina arborea and Terminalia mantaly) and the concentrations of pollutants under and outside their canopies at four locations reflecting different levels of anthropogenic activities that contribute to pollution, in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The sites are: Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) Agbada (II) Flow Station, Aluu; LNG Seaport (LNG), Trans-Amadi; Isaac Boro Park (IBP), Mile 1; and Rivers State University (RSU), Nkporlu. Three trees belonging to each of the three species were randomly selected at each site and measurements of their total height (THT), diameter at breast height (DBH), crown diameter (CD), and basal area (BA), were taken. Concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter (PM) under and 50 m outside their canopies, were also measured. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in tree attributes and the concentrations of pollutants under canopies of each tree species among sites, while t-test was used to test for significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in the concentrations of the pollutants under and 50 m outside tree canopies at each site. THT, DBH, CD and BA of the three tree species varied significantly at the four sites with highest and lowest mean values recorded for RSU and LNG, respectively, except for D. regia where DBH and BA were highest and lowest at IBP and LNG, respectively. The concentration of pollutants under tree canopies at different sites did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) in most cases (except PM) despite the significant differences in tree growth/morphological attributes. There was no significant difference between the concentrations of pollutants under and 50 m outside tree canopies in all the sites. Higher concentrations of CO and PM were recorded under trees at LNG Seaport while NO2, SO2 and CH4 were higher under trees at SPDC, indicating that the level of pollutants at each site reflected the nature of the activities associated with the sites and not differences in tree morphological attributes. However, concentrations of the pollutants, except CH4, were below recommended exposure limits under and outside tree canopies, at all the locations.
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Uzoma, Mathew Shadrack. "APPLYING DUDUCTIONS FROM NAVIER STOKES EQUATION TO FLOW SITUATIONS IN GAS PIPELINE NETWORK SYSTEM." European Journal of Physical Sciences 1, no. 1 (September 17, 2019): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejps.402.
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Navier Stokes equations are theoretical equations for pressure-flow-temperature problems in gas pipelines. Other well-known gas equations such as Weymouth, Panhandle A and Modified Panhandle B equations are employed in gas pipeline design and operational procedures at a level of practical relevance. Attaining optimality in the performance of this system entails concrete understanding of the theoretical and prevailing practical flow conditions. In this regard, Navier Stoke’s mass, momentum and energy equations had been worked upon subject to certain simplifying assumptions to deduced expressions for flow velocity and throughput in gas pipeline network system. This work could also bridge the link among theoretical, operational and optimal level of performance in gas pipelines. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to build a measure of practical relevance in gas pipeline operational procedures that would ultimately couple the missing links between theoretical flow equations such as Navier Stokes equation and practical gas pipeline flow equations. Such practical gas pipeline flow models are Weymouth, Panhandle A and Modified Panhandle B equations among others.Methodology: The approach in this regard entails reducing Narvier Stoke’s mas, momentum and energy equations to their appropriate forms by applicable practical conditions. By so doing flow models are deduced that could be worked upon by computational approach analytically or numerically to determine line throughput and flow velocity.The reduced forms of the Navier Stokes velocity and throughput equations would be applied to operating gas pipelines in Nigeria terrain. The gas pipelines are ElfTotal Nig. Ltd and Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC). This would enable the comparison of these gas pipelines operational data with theoretical results of Navier Stokes equations reduced to their appropriate forms.Findings: The follow up paper would employ theoretical and numerical discretization computational methods to compare theoretical and numerical discretization results to give a clue if these operating gas pipelines are operated at optimal level of performance.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The reduced forms of Nervier Stokes equations applied to physical operating gas pipelines network system is considered by the researcher to be an endeavor of academic excellence that would foster clear cut understanding of theoretical and practical flow situations. It could also open up a measure of understanding to pushing a flow to attaining optical conditions in practical real life flow situations. Operating gas pipelines optimally would reduce the spread of these capital intensive assets and facilities and more so conserving our limited reserves for foreign exchange.
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Enabunene, Israel Osazee, and Emma Chukwuemeka. "Influence of Outsourcing on Performance of Nigeria Petroleum Development Company, Benin City Nigeria." NG Journal of Social Development 13, no. 1 (March 7, 2024): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ngjsd.v13i1.5.
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This study investigated the influence of outsourcing on the performance of Nigeria petroleum development company, three objectives and three research questions was design to guild the study. The study adopted quantitative research techniques, using the taro yamani formula to derive a sample size of 300 respondents was use for the analysis , findings revealed that outsourcing have a significant effect on the performance of the staff of Nigeria petroleum development company, the study concluded that Outsourcing as perpetuated in Nigeria is a threat to the desired level of economic growth and development of Nigeria workers and recommends among others that Nigeria government managers or Administrators should Endeavour to provide more frameworks for selecting outsourcing vendors that will benefit the organizations in the area of need to avoid financial crisis.
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E., Appah, and Isele L. E. "Taxes and Road Infrastructural Development in Nigeria." African Journal of Accounting and Financial Research 7, no. 2 (July 2, 2024): 306–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajafr-gosnw3er.
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This study examined the taxes and road infrastructural development in Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study among others were to determine the relationship between of company income tax on road infrastructural development in Nigeria, ascertain the relationship between petroleum profit tax on road infrastructural development in Nigeria. Four research questions and four hypotheses were formulated as a guide for the study. This study adopted ex post facto research design. The population of the study was conducted on Federal Republic of Nigeria under the National Bureau of Statistics, Federal Inland Revenue Services, Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Federal Ministry of Finance. The study period covered was forty-one (41) years spanning from 1982 to 2022. This study utilized Descriptive statistic, Unit Root Test and Ordinary Least Square Regression method with the aid of E-View 12. The findings of the study showed a positive and significant relationship between company income tax on road infrastructure in Nigeria; customs and excises duties positively and significantly affects road infrastructure in Nigeria; petroleum profit tax negatively and insignificantly affects road infrastructure in Nigeria and finally, value added tax negatively and insignificantly influence road infrastructure in Nigeria is statistically negative and insignificant. The study concluded that taxes such as company income tax, custom and excise duties affects road infrastructural development in Nigeria for the period spanning from 1982 – 2022. Therefore, the study suggested amongst other that, government should intensify efforts at developing the level of infrastructure in the country through tax payers’ revenue because, this study affirmed that company income tax and customs and excise duties positively and significantly affects road infrastructure in Nigeria
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JPT staff, _. "E&P Notes (March 2021)." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 03 (March 1, 2021): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0321-0014-jpt.
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KrisEnergy Pumps Cambodia’s First Crude in 17 Years A Cambodian concession has commenced production after years of delays in a venture between Singapore’s KrisEnergy and the government. The crude comes from oil fields in Block A, comprising 3083 km2 of the Khmer basin in the oil-rich Gulf of Thailand, off the southwestern coast of Sihanoukville. The concession will progress in phases once new wells are commissioned and completed. Kelvin Tang, chief executive of KrisEnergy’s Cambodian operations, called the 29 December event “an important strategic milestone” for the company, while Prime Minister Hun Sen hailed the first extraction as “a new achievement for Cambodia’s economy” and “a huge gift for our nation.” Ironbark Australian Exploration Well Declared Dry; Co-Owner Stocks Plummet BP has come up dry at its Ironbark-1 exploration well, the anticipated multi-trillion-scf prospect off the west Australian Pilbara coast. The disappointing prospect was once seen as a potential gas supplier to the emptying North West Shelf (NWS) LNG plant, where BP is a co-owner, within 5 to 10 years. After 2 months of drilling to a total depth of 5618 m, “no significant hydrocarbon shows were encountered in any of the target sands,” according to co-owner New Zealand Oil and Gas (NZOG). Petrorecôncavo Buys Petrobras’ Onshore Bahian Stake for $30 Million Brazilian operator Petrobras on 23 December signed a contract with independent producer Petrorecôncavo to sell its entire stake in 12 onshore E&P fields, the Remanso Cluster, in the state of Bahia. The sale value for the fields was $30 million; $4 million was paid on signing, $21 million at the closing of the transaction, and $5 million will be paid 1 year after that. The Remanso Cluster comprises the onshore fields of Brejinho, Canabrava, Cassarongongo, Fazenda Belém, Gomo, Mata de São João, Norte Fazenda Caruaçu, Remanso, Rio dos Ovos, Rio Subaúma, São Pedro, and Sesmaria. Zion Spuds the Israeli Megiddo-Jezreel #2 Well On 6 January, Zion Oil and Gas officially spudded the MegiddoJezreel #2 on its 99,000acre MegiddoJezreel license area in Israel. “With unique operating conditions in the COVID19 environment, our crews have performed an amazing task,” Zion CEO Robert Dunn said. “Mobilizing a rig into a new country during a pandemic and rigging up is the most challenging part of the drilling operation,” Zion’s vice president of operations, Monty Kness, added. Exxon Declares a Dud at Second Guyana Well Exxon Mobil said on 15 January that its exploration well in the prolific Stabroek Block off Guyana’s coast did not find oil in its target area. Exxon, which operates the Stabroek Block in a consortium with Hess and China’s CNOOC, has made 18 discoveries in the area in 5 years, totaling more than 8 billion BOE, for a combined potential for producing up to 750,000 B/D of crude. The Hassa1 exploration well was the giant’s second setback to its drilling campaign in recent months. Heirs Holdings Buys 45% of Shell Nigeria’s OML 17 Field Shell Nigeria announced on 15 January it had completed a $533 million sale of its stakes in an onshore OML 17 oil field in Nigeria to African strategic investor Heirs Holdings, Nigeria’s largest publicly listed conglomerate. The deal is one of the largest oil and gas financings in Africa in more than a decade, with a financing component of $1.1 billion provided by a consortium of global and regional banks and investors. Heirs Holdings, in partnership with Transcorp, one of the largest power producers in Nigeria with 2000 MW of installed capacity, purchased 45% stake in the field. It acquired the stakes of Shell, Total, and Eni to further its expansion into the oil and gas industry. Apex Discovers Oil in Egypt’s Western Desert Privately held independent E&P firm Apex International Energy, backed in part by UK energy investment firm Blue Water Energy, on 18 January announced a discovery in the Southeast Meleiha Concession (SEM) in the western desert of Egypt. The discovery was made at the SEMZ-11X well located 10 km west of Zarif field, the nearest producing field. The well was drilled to a total depth of 5,700 ft and encountered 65 ft of oil pay in the Cretaceous sandstones of the Bahariya and Abu Roash G formations. Testing of the Bahariya resulted in a peak rate of 2,100 B/D with no water. Additional uphole pay exists in the Bahariya and Abu Roash G formations that can be added to the production stream in the future. Kosmos Announces Oil at Winterfell Well Dallas-based E&P independent Kosmos Energy announced on 19 January an oil discovery in deepwater US Gulf of Mexico. The Winterfell discovery well, the product of infrastructure-led exploration (ILX), was drilled to a total depth of approximately 23,000 ft and is located in approximately 5,300 ft of water. This subsalt Upper Miocene prospect in off-shore Louisiana encountered approximately 85 ft of net oil pay in two intervals. ILX exploration, which has featured prominently in upstream operators’ portfolios in recent years of relatively low oil prices, is exploration around producing hubs that can be hooked up to those facilities easily and cheaply. The development sidesteps the need for costly and time-consuming individual hub construction. Equinor Gets Permit To Drill North Sea Wildcat Well The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate has granted Equinor a drilling permit for wildcat well 31/11-1 S in the North Sea offshore Norway, 62 km south of the Troll field. The drilling program is the first exploration well to be drilled in production license 785 S, awarded on 6 February 2015 (APA 2014). Operator Equinor and Total E&P Norge are 50/50 partners in the license, which consists of parts of Blocks 26/2 and 31/11. Petrobras, ExxonMobil Hit Hydrocarbons at Urissanê Well, Offshore Brazil Brazilian state-owned Petrobras announced on 29 January it had discovered hydrocarbons in a well located in the Campos Basin presalt off Brazil’s coast of Campos dos Gotyacaze in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Well 1-BRSA-1377-RJS (informally called Urissanê) is located in Block C-M-411, at a depth of 2950 m approximately 200 km offshore. Petrobras, which operates the block in a 50/50 partnership with Exxon Mobil, said it would analyze the well data to better target exploratory activities and assess the potential of the discovery. BP Offloads 20% Share of Oman’s Block 61 To PTTEP Marking another significant step in its divestment program, BP will sell a 20% participating interest in Oman’s 3950 km2 Block 61 in central Oman to Thailand’s national PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP) for $2.59 billion. BP will remain operator of the block, holding a 40% interest. The sale comprises $2.45 billion payable on completion and $140 million payable contingent on preagreed conditions. After the sale, BP will hold 40% interest in Block 61, while OQ holds 30%, PTTEP 20%, and Petronas 10%. Block 61 contains the largest tight gas development in the Middle East.
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E., Appah, and Isele L. E. "Taxes and Health Infrastructural Development in Nigeria." Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 3 (July 3, 2024): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/jarms-iaaf61na.
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This study investigated the effect of taxes on health infrastructural development in Nigeria. The objectives of the study among others were to determine the effect of company income tax on health infrastructural development in Nigeria, evaluate the effect of petroleum profit tax on health infrastructural development in Nigeria. Four research questions and four hypotheses were formulated as a guide for the study. This study adopted ex post facto research design and secondary data were collected from the National Bureau of Statistics, Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Federal Ministry of Finance. The study was for forty-one (41) years from 1982 to 2022. This study utilized descriptive statistics, unit root test and ordinary least square regression method of data analysis with the aid of E-View 12. The findings of the study were that company income tax is statistically positive and significant on health infrastructural development in Nigeria, customs and excises duties is statistically positive and significant on health infrastructural development in Nigeria, petroleum profit tax is statistically negative and significant on health infrastructural development on health infrastructural development in Nigeria is statistically negative and insignificant, and value added tax is statistically negative and insignificant on health infrastructural development in Nigeria. Hence, study concluded that the federally collected taxes influence health infrastructural development in Nigeria. From 1982 – 2022. Consequently, the study suggested amongst others that, government should intensify efforts at developing the level of health infrastructure in the country through optimal tax revenue mobilization because, the study affirmed that company income tax and customs and excise duties positively and significantly impact on health infrastructural development in Nigeria.
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Appah, Ebimobowei, Emmanuel Odinakachi Eburunobi, and Barisoma Maxwell Brown. "Moderating Role of Financial Development on the Relationship Between Tax Revenue and Economic Development of Nigeria." International Journal of Developing and Emerging Economies 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijdee.13/vol11n21741.
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This study examined the moderating role of financial development on relationship between direct tax revenue and economic development in Nigeria. The specific objectives were to investigate the relationship between personal income tax, company income tax and petroleum profit tax on human development index and per capita income and the moderating effect of financial development on direct taxes and economic development of Nigeria. The study anchored on benefit theory of taxation while correlational and ex-post facto research designs were adopted for the study. The population of the study was direct taxes revenue data and economic development in Nigeria from 1991 to 2020 and secondary data were sourced from Annual statistical bulletin of CBN, Federal Inland Revenue service (FIRS) and National Bureau of Statistics. The secondary data were analysed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. The result of the multiple regression shows that personal income tax, company income tax and petroleum profit tax positively and significantly influence economic development in Nigeria. Also, financial development positively and significantly moderates the relationship between direct taxes and economic development. Consequently, the study concludes that the level of financial development affects the revenue generation potentials through direct taxes for the economic development of Nigeria. Hence, the study recommends among others that government parastatals, multinationals, conglomerates and companies in the country should not engage any vendor who does not have a TIN number. This will go a long way in reducing tax evasion; taxes should be remitted via an e-payment system or via direct payment to the various tax authorities’ accounts.
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E., Appah, Eburunobi E.O., and Brown B.M. "The Moderating Role of Inflation on the Relationship Between Direct Taxes and Economic Development in Nigeria." African Journal of Accounting and Financial Research 6, no. 3 (August 10, 2023): 36–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajafr-tnrmokho.
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This study investigated the moderating role of inflation on relationship between direct taxes and economic development in Nigeria. The specific objectives were to investigate the relationship between personal income tax and real gross domestic product, ascertain the relationship between company income tax and real gross domestic product, determine the relationship between petroleum profit tax and real gross domestic product, investigate the relationship between personal income tax and infrastructural development, ascertain the relationship between company income tax and infrastructural development, determine the relationship between petroleum profit tax and infrastructural development, ascertain the moderating effect of inflation rate on direct taxes and economic development of Nigeria. The study anchored on expediency theory while correlational and ex-post facto research designs were adopted for the study. The population of the study was direct taxes revenue data and economic development in Nigeria from 1991 to 2020 and secondary data were sourced from Annual statistical bulletin of CBN, Federal Inland Revenue service (FIRS) and National Bureau of Statistics. Descriptive statistics and correlation matrix were used to analyze the research questions while multiple regression was used to test the hypotheses. The result of the study shows that PIT has a positive and significant relationship with infrastructural development in Nigeria while an insignificant relationship with RGDP; CIT has a strong positive and significant relationship with RGDP and infrastructural development in Nigeria; petroleum profit tax positively and insignificantly affects RGDP and infrastructural development. The study recommends among others that government parastatals, multinationals, conglomerates and companies in the country should not engage any vendor who does not have a TIN number. This will go a long way in reducing tax evasion; taxes should be remitted via an e-payment system or via direct payment to the various tax authorities’ accounts.
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Chijioke, Amadi Kelvin, and Alolote Ibim Amadi. "The Nomenclature of Taxation in Nigeria: Implications for Economic Development." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 4, no. 4 (2019): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.44.3004.
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The paper analyzed the impact of taxation on economic development in Nigeria as it concerns value-added tax (VAT), Company Income Tax (CIT) and Petroleum Profit Tax (PPT). For the purpose of this study, the major source of data was a secondary source. Data were collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and Federal Inland Revenue Services. The data collected were analyzed with Ordinary Least Square Multiple Linear Regressions since there were more than two variables. The analysis revealed that all the independent variables (VAT, CIT and PPT) used in this study have a significant positive relationship on the dependent variable (GDP), which is used to measure economic development while value-added tax, company income tax, and petroleum profit tax were used to measure taxation. It was therefore recommended that the government should extend its database to capture all tax revenue by employing practically and technically oriented professionals. Results also imply it is recommended for the government to foster a favorable environment for young entrepreneurs to initiate and grow businesses that will lead to an increase in tax revenue for the government. It was also recommended that social science, which is the umbrella that covers management sciences, should be employed to manage businesses so as to ensure the survival of businesses and boast the nation’s revenue through tax, as it concerns training having an impact on resources utilization and allocation, thus promoting profit maximization.
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Barrows, Gordon H. "Syrian Arab Republic-Syrian Petroleum Co.- Pecten Ash Sham Company-Syria Shell Petroleum Development B.V.-Beminex Petroleum Syria GMBH: Contract for the Exploration, Development and Production of Petroleum." International Legal Materials 26, no. 5 (September 1987): 1186–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900026814.
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Okringbo, J. I., Chukuigwe, O., and Sikpi, E. E. "EFFECTIVENESS OF SHELL PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT COMPANY’S COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES IN PROMOTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION MANAGEMENT IN NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA." Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v5i1.300.
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The study examined the effectiveness of shell petroleum development company’s (SPDC) communication strategies in promotion of environmental degradation impact management in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Purposive random sampling technique was used for the selection of 240 community members in SPDC host communities. Data were collected using structured questionnaire, and were analyzed with descriptive statistics, while linear multivariate regression was used to test the hypothesis. The result showed that SPDC provided start pack for trained farmers ( x=3.3), delivery of household health service ( x=3.3), provides safe drinking water ( x=2.9) were the various environmental degradation impact management intervention by SPDC. The further showed that radio advertisement on shell (x =3.4), bill board promotional campaign of shell’s activities ( x=3.4) and advocacy visit by SPDC to royal fathers (x =3.6) were various SPDC communication strategies in management of environmental degradation community members were exposed to. The study found a significant relationship between the extent of exposure to SPDC communication strategies and impact management intervention by SPDC was rejected at 5% level. The study concluded that Shell Petroleum Development company’s communication strategies promoted environmental degradation impact management intervention within host communities. The study recommended that there is need for SPDC to increase her effort to provide conflict prevention strategies among host communities within her clusters in order to ensure uninterrupted exploration of crude oil.
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Weswasi, Enes Al. "Spending blood for oil in Nigeria: a frame analysis of Shell’s neutralisation of acts that led to corporate-initiated state crime." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 106, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 280–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v106i3.124794.
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AbstractThe environmental impact of Shell Oil Company in Nigeria has resulted in largescale protests. Despite their peaceful nature, these protests have been met with lethal violence by the Nigerian security forces. Accusations have been levelled against Shell for liability for human rights violations, but the company has denied responsibility. Previously confidential correspondence between Shell and Nigerian officials has shown that the company repeatedly persuaded security personnel to act against protesters. The current article examines how Shell framed its desire for the Nigerian state to suppress protests against the company. It does this by analysing published documents within Stanley Cohen’s (1993) theoretical framework regarding the neutralisation of criminal acts – most notably the neutralisation technique of appealing to higher loyalties. This is a technique adopted by companies when they use the greater good as a rationale for minimising their responsibility for harmful acts. The correspondence between Shell and Nigerian officials shows that Shell continuously urged Nigerian officials to take action by referring to the company’s contribution to economic and social development in the region, even after their calls for action has been shown to result in human rights abuses. In describing these rationales, the article highlights a case of corporate-initiated state crime, a form of crime that involves corporations inducing state actors to commit harmful acts.
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Kehinde, FASUA Henry, MAYAKI Adeolu Thompson, and ADEBAYO Sunday Fatoba. "Taxation Policy and Public Economic Growth and Development in Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. IV (2023): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7437.
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This study examines taxation policy and public economic growth and development in Nigeria. Data were obtained from the yearly financial reports of the Central Bank of Nigeria on the Real Gross Domestic Product, Petroleum Profit Tax, Value Added Tax and Company Income Tax covering a period of 10 year, from 2011-2020 to test for relationship that exists between taxation policy and economic growth and development. A regressions analysis was used for the analysis of the data and pre-estimation tests were carried out. The findings of this study showed that all the explanatory variables (PPT, VAT and CIT) have significant positive relationships with dependent variable (RGDP) The study concludes that there is significant positive relationship between taxation policy and economic growth and development and recommends that every sector should comply with tax policy and standards established in order to reduce tax avoidance and evasion as well as increase government total revenue.
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Ikechukwu, OKOH Francis, EDO Onome Christopher, AKHIGBODEMHE Emmanuel Justice, and EDEOGHON Innocent Osaremen. "Direct Taxes and Income Redistribution in Nigeria." GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 9, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 182–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2021.9.2(8).
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Introduction - Income redistribution is central to the development of any nation. However, the issue of generating income and its redistribution in Nigeria has been challenging overtime, with the nation depending largely on oil with little consideration on other sources of income. Also, insufficient tax resources, tax collectors' illicit activities and a lack of awareness of the value of paying tax by taxpayers are some of the problems facing the country in terms of tax revenue generation. Objective - Our study therefore investigated the impact of direct taxes on income redistribution in the context of Nigeria, using company income tax, personal income tax, petroleum profit tax and education tax as direct tax variables. Methodology/Technique - The study covered the period 1990 to 2019 using annualized data set from Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The study employed the Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) to analyze the data. Research Findings - Empirical results of our study revealed that, company income tax and education tax had insignificant negative effects on income redistribution, while personal income tax and petroleum profit tax had significant positive effects on income redistribution, thus reducing income inequality in the context of Nigeria. Recommendations - We thus recommended "inter alia" that, revenue generated from taxes should be effectively used by government in providing quality infrastructures like schools, railway, healthcare facilities and other business outfits across various states for the general wellbeing of the citizens as this is hoped to close the income distribution gap between the rich and the less privileged in the country. Type of Paper - Empirical. Keywords: Income redistribution; direct taxes; government expenditure on infrastructural goods; Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS), Nigeria; Income Inequality. JEL Classification: E21; E42; E62; O23 URI: http://gatrenterprise.com/GATRJournals/GJBSSR/vol9.2_8.html DOI: https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2021.9.2(8) Pages 182 – 196
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Onoriode, Henry, Uche Collins Nwogwugwu, Chris Kalu, and Maria Chinecherem Uzonwanne. "Effect of Tax Revenue on Investment in Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. III (2024): 2501–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.803175.
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The linkage between tax and net investment has received persistent attention in both the academic literature and policy debates. One of the main drivers of economic growth is investment, and how taxes affect the investment behavior of firms is, indeed, a question of great importance. Therefore, this paper evaluated the impact of tax revenue on investments in Nigeria with a data set ranging from 1986 to 2022. The paper adopted auto-redistributed lag model (ARDL) estimation. Findings from the study revealed that in the long run, company income tax, value added tax, petroleum profit tax exerted significant positive effect on investment as against the negatively induced impact exerted by stamp duty tax. It was also found out that unidirectional causal relationship exists between tax revenue and investment in the period under investigation. Given the findings, it was recommended that government should ensure that fiscal policies related to profit petroleum tax remain stable and predictable because Investors appreciate consistency, as it allows them to make informed decisions and plan for the long term as frequent changes in tax policies can deter investment. Secondly, the government should consider offering targeted lower tax incentives for industries that align with national development goals or have the potential to contribute significantly to economic growth in the country.
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JPT staff, _. "E&P Notes (April 2022)." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0422-0019-jpt.
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Eni Starts Area 1 Production off Mexico via MODEC FPSO MODEC said first oil has flowed through FPSO MIAMTE MV34 operating in the Offshore Area 1 block in the Bay of Campeche off Mexico. The contractor was appointed by Eni Mexico for the supply, charter, and operation of the FPSO in the Eni-operated Offshore Area 1 block in 2018. The charter contract will run for an initial 15 years, with options for extension every year thereafter up to 5 additional years. Moored in a water depth of approximately 32 m some 10 km off Mexico’s coast, the FPSO is capable of handling 90,000 B/D of oil, 75 MMcf/D of gas, and 120,000 B/D of water injection with a storage capacity of 700,000 bbl of oil. The FPSO boasts a disconnectable tower yoke mooring system, a first-of-its-kind design in the industry. The system was developed to moor the FPSO in shallow water, while also allowing the unit to disconnect its mooring and depart the area to avoid winter storms and hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico. The mooring system was developed by MODEC subsidiary SOFEC Inc. The mooring jacket was fabricated in Altamira, Mexico. Eni Starts Production from Ndungu EP Development Italy’s Eni has started production from the Ndungu Early Production (EP) development in Block 15/06 of the Angolan deep offshore, via the Ngoma FPSO. With an expected production rate in the range of 20,000 B/D, the project will sustain the plateau of the Ngoma, a 100,000-B/D, zero-discharge, and zero-process-flaring FPSO, upgraded in 2021 to minimize emissions. A further exploration and delineation campaign will be performed in Q2 2022 to assess the full potential of the overall assets of Ndungu. Ndungu EP is the third startup achieved by Eni Angola in Block 15/06 in the past 7 months, after Cuica Early Production and the Cabaca North Development Project. Block 15/06 is operated by Eni Angola with a 36.84% share. Sonangol Pesquisa e Produção (36.84%) and SSI Fifteen Ltd. (26.32%) comprise the rest of the joint venture. Aramco Discovers Natural Gas in Four Regions Saudi Aramco has discovered natural gas fields in four regions of the kingdom, the Saudi Press Agency (SPA) reported, citing Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman. The fields were found in the Empty Quarter desert located in the central area of the kingdom, near its northern border and in the eastern region, he said, according to SPA. Saudi Arabia wants to increase gas production and boost the share of natural gas in its energy mix to meet growing electricity consumption and to make more crude available for export. The minister said an unspecified number of fields were discovered and he mentioned five by name: Shadoon, in the central region; Shehab and Shurfa, in the Empty Quarter in the southeastern region; Umm Khansar, near the northern border with Iraq; and Samna in the eastern region. Two of the gas fields, Samna and Umm Khansar, were said to be “nonconventional” and possibly shale finds. Lukoil Completes Area 4 Deal in Mexico Russian producer Lukoil has completed a deal to become a lead stakeholder in an Area 4 shallow-water asset adjacent to Tabasco and Campeche in Mexico. Under the deal, Lukoil has acquired a 50% stake in the asset from US independent Fieldwood Energy, which filed for US bankruptcy protection in August 2020, for $685 million. The original deal was priced at $435 million; the additional $250 million is related to expenditures Fieldwood incurred since 1 January 2021. Fieldwood committed to invest $477 million to increase oil production from the Ichalkil and Pokoch fields from the current level of 25,000 B/D to a plateau level of 115,000 B/D. Situated in water depths between 35 and 45 m, the fields’ recoverable hydrocarbon reserves amount to 564 million BOE, more than 80% of which is crude oil. Production started in Q4 2021; current average oil production has exceeded 25,000 B/D. The approved work program includes drilling three development wells (two on Ichalkil and one on Pokoch), upgrading three production platforms, and performing seismic reprocessing and petrophysical studies. The remaining 50% stake in Area 4 is held by operator PetroBal, a subsidiary of Mexico’s GrupoBal. Petrobras Sells Polo Norte Capixaba Field Cluster In line with its strategy to concentrate resources on deepwater and ultradeepwater assets, Brazil’s Petrobras has sold 100% of its interest in Norte Capixaba cluster to Seacrest Exploração e Produção de Petróleo Ltda for $544 million, including a $66-million contingent payment. The cluster comprises four producing fields—Cancã, Fazenda Alegre, Fazenda São Rafael, and Fazenda Santa Luzia—and produced 6,470 BOE/D in 2021. The deal also includes the Norte Capixaba Terminal (TNC) and all production facilities. NewMed Targets Morocco Market Entry Israel-based NewMed Energy, formerly Delek Drilling, has identified Morocco as “a country with enormous geological and commercial potential,” in particular the Moroccan coastal areas in the Mediterranean and North Atlantic. The announcement comes a day after the Moroccan Minister of Industry and Trade, Ryad Mezzour, and his Israeli counterpart, Orna Barbivai, signed an MOU aimed at promoting investments and exchanges between the two countries in the digital design, food, automotive, aviation, textile, water technologies and renewable energies, medical equipment, and the pharmaceutical industries. In September 2021, the Israeli oil and gas exploration company obtained from the Moroccan ministry the exploration and study rights of the Dakhla Atlantic Block, which has an area of about 109000 km2. ExxonMobil Sells Nigerian Assets to Seplat ExxonMobil has agreed to sell its shallow-water assets in Nigeria to Seplat Energy for $1.28 billion plus a contingent consideration of $300 million. Seplat said it is acquiring a 40% operating stake in four oil leases to nearly triple its annual net production to 146,000 BOE/D. The deal also includes the Qua Iboe export terminal and a 51% interest in the Bonny River Terminal and natural gas liquids recovery plants at EAP and Oso. It does not include any of ExxonMobil’s deepwater fields in Nigeria. TotalEnergies Discovers Large Oil Field off Namibia TotalEnergies has made a significant discovery of light oil with associated gas on the Venus prospect, located in block 2913B in the Orange Basin, offshore southern Namibia. The Venus 1-X well encountered approximately 84 m of net oil pay in a good-quality Lower Cretaceous reservoir. The find’s potential reserves are estimated at 2 billion bbl of oil. “This discovery offshore Namibia and the very promising initial results prove the potential of this play in the Orange Basin, on which TotalEnergies owns an important position both in Namibia and South Africa,” said Kevin McLachlan, senior vice president exploration at TotalEnergies. “A comprehensive coring and logging program has been completed. This will enable the preparation of appraisal operations designed to assess the commerciality of this discovery.” Block 2913B covers approximately 8215 km2 in deep offshore Namibia. TotalEnergies is the operator with a 40% working interest, alongside QatarEnergy (30%), Impact Oil and Gas (20%), and NAMCOR (10%). CNPC Scoops Ishpingo Drilling Contract The first drilling contract at the Ishpingo oil field near Ecuador’s Yasuni National Park has been awarded to China National Petroleum Corp. (CNPC), Energy Minister Juan Carlos Bermeo told Reuters. Following the approval of a new hydrocarbon law and legislation, Ecuador plans to move forward with auctions and competitive processes for securing foreign and domestic capital for oil and gas exploration, production, transportation, and refining projects. The first drilling campaign to start after an environmental license was granted for the sensitive area will involve 40 wells over the next 18 months. It will focus on the field’s allowed zone without touching an area protected by a court ruling that has prevented extending drilling. Ishpingo is the latest part of the ITT-43 oil field in Ecuador’s Amazonia region to start drilling after Tambococha and Tiputini. It is expected to produce heavy oil to be added to the nation’s output of flagship Napo crude, Bermeo said. BP Brings Hershel Expansion Project On Line in US GOM BP has successfully started production from the Herschel Expansion project in the Gulf of Mexico—the first of four major projects scheduled to be delivered globally in 2022. Phase 1 comprises development of a new subsea production system and the first of up to three wells tied to the Na Kika platform in the Mississippi Canyon area. At its peak, this first well is expected to increase platform annual gross production by an estimated 10,600 BOE/D. The BP-operated well was drilled to a depth of approximately 19,000 ft and is located southeast of the Na Kika platform, approximately 140 miles off the coast of New Orleans. The project provides infrastructure for future well tie-in opportunities. BP and Shell each hold a 50% working interest in the development. Petrobras Kicks off Gulf of Mexico Asset Sales Petrobras has begun an asset sale program in the Gulf of Mexico, in line with the company’s strategy of debt reduction and pivot toward Brazilian deepwater production. The package for sale includes the company’s 20% stake in MP Gulf of Mexico (MPGoM) which holds ownership stakes in 15 fields in partnership with Murphy Oil. In addition to partnership-operated fields, MPGoM owns nonoperated interests in Occidental’s Lucius, Kosmos’ Kodiak, Shell’s Habanero, and Chevron’s St. Malo fields. During the first half of 2021, Petrobras’ share of production was 11,300 BOE/D. ExxonMobil Liza Phase 2 Underway off Guyana ExxonMobil started production of Liza Phase 2, Guyana’s second offshore oil development on the Stabroek Block; total production capacity is now more than 340,000 B/D in the 7 years since the country’s first discovery. Production at the Liza Unity FPSO is expected to reach its target of 220,000 bbl of oil later this year. The Stabroek Block’s recoverable resource base is estimated at more than 10 billion BOE. The current resource has the potential to support up to 10 projects. ExxonMobil anticipates that four FPSOs with a capacity of more than 800,000 B/D will be in operation on the block by year-end 2025. Payara, the third project in the block, is expected to produce approximately 220,000 BOPD using the Prosperity FPSO vessel, currently under construction. The field development plan and application for environmental authorization for the Yellowtail project, the fourth project in the block, have been submitted for government and regulatory approvals. The Liza Unity arrived in Guyana in October 2021. It is moored in water depth of about 1650 m and will store around 2 million bbl of crude. ExxonMobil affiliate Esso Exploration and Production Guyana Ltd. is the operator and holds 45% interest. Hess Guyana Exploration Ltd. holds 30% interest and CNOOC Petroleum Guyana Ltd. holds 25%. Dragon Finds Oil in Gulf of Suez UAE’s Dragon Oil has discovered oil in the Gulf of Suez, according to a statement from the Egyptian Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources. The field contains potential reserves of around 100 million bbl inside the northeastern region of Ramadan. That estimate makes it one of the largest oil finds in the region over the past 2 decades. Development plans were not reported but reserve numbers could expand, the ministry said. The oil field is the first discovery by Dragon Oil since it acquired 100% of BP’s Gulf of Suez Petroleum assets in 2019. Dragon Oil, wholly owned by Emirates National Oil Co., holds 100% interest in East Zeit Bay off the southern Gulf of Suez region. The 93-km2 block lies in shallow waters of 10 to 40 m.
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Ubani, Chikwendu, and Ubong Ikpaisong. "Use of CNG as Autofuel in Nigeria." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.10.668.
Full textAbstract:
Natural gas is a clean-burning, safe fuel that can save you money at the pump while benefitting the environment and reducing Nigeria’s dependence on petroleum. It is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbon, non-gaseous non-hydrocarbons and gaseous non-hydrocarbons found in underground reservoir rocks either on its own (non-associated gas) or in association with crude oil (associated gas). Natural gas is today accepted as one of the best sources of energy for the world and for the future because of its environmentally-friendly nature compared to other kinds of fossil fuels. Nigeria is ranked as the seventh most natural gas endowed nation in the world and relaxes on number one spot in Africa as she seats on about one hundred and eighty-eight trillion cubic feet of natural gas deposits.Current opportunities to utilize gas in Nigeria include: Gas to reinjection schemes, Gas to power schemes, Gas to petrochemicals (as feedstock), LNG-Liquefied Natural Gas, LPG- Liquefied Petroleum Gas, and CNG- Compressed Natural Gas. The use of CNG as auto fuel in Nigeria presents so much benefits as have been highlighted in this paper with emphasis on the economic advantage. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a product of compressing natural gas to one hundredth the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure.A comprehensive economic analysis to determine the cost savings from driving a car on CNG against PMS considered the case of a motorist who covers an average of 100 km every day in the approximately thirty days that make a month was employed. Results established that running a car on CNG amounts to saving N1 143 daily and N34 284 monthly, the cost of converting the car from PMS - driven to CNG - driven is recovered before the end of the sixth month. From the sixth month to the end of the first year, savings of N211 402 is made. Savings of N411 408 is enjoyed each year after the first year.Running vehicles on CNG will greatly reduce the friction and troubles encountered in importing fuel into the country. This will also cut down largely the hardly available foreign exchange expended in bringing in PMS for fuelling vehicles. To this end, the Nigerian Government should as a matter of national development ensure legal and regulatory framework encompassing both technical and commercial aspects for natural gas utilization in Nigeria. Worthy of note is the aspect of gas gathering, gas transmission and distribution which will further encourage the planting of CNG refuelling stations that will serve the expected large fleet of natural gas vehicles. Currently, Green Gas Limited, a joint venture between Nigeria Gas Company (NGC) a Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and NIPCO Plc. that has nine operational CNG refuelling stations and others under construction is the only company driving the CNG revolution in the country.
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Ubani, Chikwendu, and Ubong Ikpaisong. "Use of CNG as Autofuel in Nigeria." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.10.668.
Full textAbstract:
Natural gas is a clean-burning, safe fuel that can save you money at the pump while benefitting the environment and reducing Nigeria’s dependence on petroleum. It is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbon, non-gaseous non-hydrocarbons and gaseous non-hydrocarbons found in underground reservoir rocks either on its own (non-associated gas) or in association with crude oil (associated gas). Natural gas is today accepted as one of the best sources of energy for the world and for the future because of its environmentally-friendly nature compared to other kinds of fossil fuels. Nigeria is ranked as the seventh most natural gas endowed nation in the world and relaxes on number one spot in Africa as she seats on about one hundred and eighty-eight trillion cubic feet of natural gas deposits.Current opportunities to utilize gas in Nigeria include: Gas to reinjection schemes, Gas to power schemes, Gas to petrochemicals (as feedstock), LNG-Liquefied Natural Gas, LPG- Liquefied Petroleum Gas, and CNG- Compressed Natural Gas. The use of CNG as auto fuel in Nigeria presents so much benefits as have been highlighted in this paper with emphasis on the economic advantage. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a product of compressing natural gas to one hundredth the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure.A comprehensive economic analysis to determine the cost savings from driving a car on CNG against PMS considered the case of a motorist who covers an average of 100 km every day in the approximately thirty days that make a month was employed. Results established that running a car on CNG amounts to saving N1 143 daily and N34 284 monthly, the cost of converting the car from PMS - driven to CNG - driven is recovered before the end of the sixth month. From the sixth month to the end of the first year, savings of N211 402 is made. Savings of N411 408 is enjoyed each year after the first year.Running vehicles on CNG will greatly reduce the friction and troubles encountered in importing fuel into the country. This will also cut down largely the hardly available foreign exchange expended in bringing in PMS for fuelling vehicles. To this end, the Nigerian Government should as a matter of national development ensure legal and regulatory framework encompassing both technical and commercial aspects for natural gas utilization in Nigeria. Worthy of note is the aspect of gas gathering, gas transmission and distribution which will further encourage the planting of CNG refuelling stations that will serve the expected large fleet of natural gas vehicles. Currently, Green Gas Limited, a joint venture between Nigeria Gas Company (NGC) a Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and NIPCO Plc. that has nine operational CNG refuelling stations and others under construction is the only company driving the CNG revolution in the country.
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Sorde, John, Chijioke Nwaozuzu, and Alwell Nteegah. "Sectoral Gas Demand and Sustainable Economic Development in Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. X (2023): 758–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.701060.
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This study investigated the impact of sectoral gas consumption on economic development in Nigeria from 2010 to 2020. Gas demand for power, industries, homes, transportation, and gas costs were used as the independent variables for sectoral gas demand, and the misery index was used as the dependent variable for sustainable economic development, in order to achieve the purpose of the study. The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the Nigeria Gas Company, and the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) were the sources of data on sectoral gas demand and economic development. The Autoregressive and Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique was used to analyse the data after carrying out the unit roots test. The result shows that gas demand for transport, industrial, and power sectors as well as its cost contributed to a rise in the global misery index, which ultimately hampered long run sustainable economic development. On the other side, household demand for gas decreased the misery index and, over time, hence promoted long run economic development in Nigeria. The study also found an insignificant nexus between demand for gas by the various sectors and economic development in the long run. In the short run, gas demand for transport and cost of gas had significant impact on economic development. Based on these results, the study concludes that gas demand had serious implication on economic development in the short run than long run. Consequent upon the findings, the study recommended: an increase in gas demand for household use and for transportation through a stable and competitive price of natural gas in order to enhance sustainable economic development in Nigeria.
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Hinton, Diana Davids. "Introduction." Business History Review 84, no. 2 (2010): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500002579.
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This issue brings together five articles on the modern petroleum industry. Two cover the growth of the industry in the early twentieth century: Michael Adamson's study of the development of California's coastal oil region by independent oilman Ralph Lloyd; and the study by Lisa Bud-Frierman, Andrew Godley, and Judith Wale of the British entrepreneur Weetman Pearson's operations in Mexico. Two articles treat the post–World War II period: Nathan Citano looks at the budding interests of U.S. oilmen in the Middle East and Daniele Pozzi traces the transformation of the Italian company ENI into an international oil firm. Finally, Keetie Sluyterman examines the ways in which Royal Dutch Shell handled environmental issues from its inception in 1907 to the present. The issue also contains a survey of recent historiography on the oil industry in Latin America by Marcelo Bucheli and a review essay by James Bamberg on a recent four-volume history of Royal Dutch Shell.
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Mkpaoro, Dr I. E., and Prof S. A. Ezeudu. "Development and Factorial Validation of an Instrument for Measuring Executive Stress among Nigerian Oil Company Workers in Rivers State, Nigeria." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 8, no. 4 (August 28, 2023): 22–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijssmr.v8.no4.2022.pg22.41.
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This study was designed to develop and factorially validate an instrument, Executive Stress Measurement Scale (ESMS) for measuring executive stress among Nigeria oil company workers in Rivers State. The study was instrumentation. Sample consisted of 120 executive workers. Four major constructs that constitute the elements of executive stress were identified. The four sub-scales are symptoms and main causes of executive stress, nature of job stress and work-load. 108 items drafted instrument was presented to two specialists and 5 experts for face validation. Ninety items survived the exercise. The 90 items were administered to executive workers in three Nigerian oil companies in Rivers State. Data collected from the field were subjected to factor analysis. 55 items after factor analysis were found to be well loaded. Cronbach alpha was used to determine the reliability of ESMS of 55 items. 0.89 reliability coefficients were obtained for the entire items and 0.86, 0.82, 0.81 and 0.70 for each factor. Further analysis was done to the data using factor analysis, correlation and t- test statistics. Validity of the ESMS is 0.80. Recommendations includes; that ESMS should be use by the Rivers State Education Commission, Directorate of Petroleum Resources, School Researchers, Oil Company Workers among others.
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Adedeji, Bose Deborah, Henry Kehinde Fasua, and Oluwafemi Michael Sunday. "Federal Inland Revenue Services, Tax Systems and National Economic Development in Nigeria." Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting 23, no. 22 (November 4, 2023): 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2023/v23i221151.
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The study examined the contributions of FIRS as one of the regulatory bodies to national economic development in Nigeria. The issue of harsh policies which becomes a noticeable threat to manufacturers (main tax payers) for relocating to neighbouring countries coupled with unfriendly tax policies approved by federal government and its attendants’ effects on the economy becomes the focus of the study It employs regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between FIRS’ tax policies to national development for the period of 12yrs (2011 - 2021). Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) was used as substitute for national development while Petroleum Profit Tax (PPT), Company Income Tax (CIT) and Custom and Excise Duties (CED) were employed as proxy for contributions of FIRS to tax policies. The findings of this study revealed that all explanatory variables have significant relationships with dependent variable respectively; PPT- 0.0383, CIT - 0.000 and CED - 0.000. The study concluded that there is significant relationship between FIRS’ tax policies to national development in Nigeria. Therefore, recommended that, since policies are meant for the well-being of citizens and progress of the economy, views and objects of tax payers must be well- integrated in the formulation of those policies and the need for constant feedback and review to suit the economy. Also, there is need for a more pragmatic FIRS institution approach to the control and management of evasion, tax avoidance and other illicit practices in the tax system, in order to take advantages of positive effect of taxes on the National Economic Development.
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Toriola-Coker, L. O, Omokungbe O, Obisanya, A. A, Yekini, N. A, Alaka, H, and Ayodele-Oja, S. "Public transportation and energy utilisation during Covid-19 pandemic in Nigeria." South Florida Journal of Development 3, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 3031–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv3n2-112.
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New public transport planning requirements are developed as many countries start to navigate their return to normality after the COVID-19 lockdown. This study combines key developments regarding public transportation and effect of the lockdown on energy utilization during the first and second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Data were sourced from the National Bureau of Statistic and Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) on distribution of Fuel and gas energies which thematically analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on transportation systems in Lagos Nigeria. The decline in vehicular density on roads which leads to reduced fuel consumption coupled with infection risk in public transportation in the so-called post-lockdown phase. Domestic gas consumption and electricity generation were slightly affected during this period. Changes in travel demands; Financial sustainability; Increased cost of transportation and Loss of revenue were revealed as significant impact of the pandemic. Lastly, this study identifies maintenance of key principles in mitigating the spreading of the virus, probable energy utilization, policy recommendations and future management of resources that are most inclined to the development objectives of developing nations in the time of COVID-19 and beyond.
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Uloma, Ogwuegbu Obioma. "Impact of Management of Taxation Revenue on Economic Growth in Nigeria." British Journal of Management and Marketing Studies 5, no. 2 (June 14, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/bjmms-g1ndbjpr.
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This study examined the effect of taxation management on economic growth in Nigeria covering the period 1994-2020. Data for the study were collected from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin, 2020. The expo-facto research design was adopted owing to the fact that data used were secondary in nature. The study was anchored on the expediency theory of taxation. The method of data analysis is the linear multiple regression with the application of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique. Other diagnostic tests which include unit-root test, autocorrelation test, heteroscedasticity test, and normality test were conducted to verify the reliability of the regression numerical coefficients and it was discovered that the regression output is free from violating any of the regression assumptions. The major findings of the study are that value added tax management has a positive but non-significant effect on economic growth in Nigeria, company income tax management has a negative and significant effect on economic growth in Nigeria, and petroleum profit tax management has a negative and significant effect on economic growth in Nigeria. It is therefore the recommendation of the study that government should put in place adequate measure to ensure that revenue generated from VAT is effectively utilized to develop and grow the economy through proper infrastructural development and tax authorities responsible for income-tax administration should upgrade the tax database to capture all potential income tax-payers in order to broaden income tax.
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Jibiri, N. N., and C. M. Amakom. "Radiological Assessment of Radionuclide Contents in Soil Waste Streams from an Oil Production Well of a Petroleum Development Company in Warri, Niger Delta, Nigeria." Indoor and Built Environment 20, no. 2 (October 11, 2010): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x10378806.
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Asaolu, T. O., O. Oyesanmi, P. O. Oladele, and A. M. Oladoyin. "Privatisation and commercialisation in Nigeria: Implications and prospects for good governance." South African Journal of Business Management 36, no. 3 (September 30, 2005): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v36i3.636.
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The privatisation and commercialisation Decree No. 25 of 1988 (amended 1999) which provided the legal backing for the Technical Committee of Privatisation and Commercialisation (TCPC), began the major paradigm shift in the conceptualisation of public enterprises in Nigeria. The paper primarily examined the privatisation exercise in Nigeria since 1988. It also attempted to provide measures that will simplify the complex process of privatisation with the hope of lessening the probability of crisis. The paper considered the impact of privatisation on performance of privatised companies, changes in employment and the increase in the prices of commodities of the enterprises vis-à-vis their gross income towards the overall good governance of the Nigerian society.The data for the paper were mainly secondary; and were drawn from the financial statements of companies in the stock Exchange and other stock Exchange reports, Central Bank Bulletins, publications and published reports of the Bureau of Public Enterprises. Newspapers and publication of the Federal Office of Statistics are other sources. The data were analysed by trend analysis using absolute figures, percentages and ratios based on the past record on privatisation in Nigeria.However, the study discovered that only a few successful enterprises, Flour Mills, African Petroleum, National oil and Chemical Marketing Company Limited (NOLCHEM) were partially privatised. The commercialisation of enterprises such as National Electric Power Authority (NEPA), Nigeria Telecommunications (NITEL) and Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), hardly showed any significant improvement in their operational and economic performance.The papers showed that employment levels were affected by privatisation. Between 1989 and 1993, the public sector accounted for more job losses than privatised companies. When privatised firms employment rose, public and private sectors still had lower employment levels. The sharp increase in prices between 1992 and 1994 did not create a sufficient increase in gross earnings for 1994. The results revealed that a reduction in public control would have an effect (at least in the short term) on prices. Profits increase but the extent to which this increase can attributed to reduction of government controls is not clear. Three banks witnessed sharp increase in investments and profitability immediately after privatisation, and there was a slight decrease before another increase. Results showed that privatisation has improved company performance, especially in the efficiency of resources utilisation. Higher profit to capital employed ratios has been witnessed since privatisation. Debt/Total Asset ratios have not been affected in any adverse way. Results from the study also revealed that price increases in excess of 200% occurred immediately after privatisation. This perhaps has an effect on the profits of the companies (especially those that still maintained monopoly status for a while.However, one fact is clear: the heydays of public enterprises in Nigeria are gone for good. It was on this note that the study concluded that privatisation is the appropriate economic recipe to achieve the much desired human development and good governance.
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Kamal, Medhat M. "Medhat M. Kamal 2023 SPE President." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 09 (September 1, 2022): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0922-0004-jpt.
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Medhat (Med) M. Kamal Medhat (Med) M. Kamal is a Chevron Fellow Emeritus and an Honorary Member of SPE. He previously worked for Cairo University, Amoco Production Company, Flopetrol Schlumberger, and ARCO Exploration and Production Company. Kamal has more than 45 years of industry experience in well testing, reservoir description, and production and reservoir engineering. He was an SPE Distinguished Lecturer in 1997–1998 and 2018–2019 during which he presented his lectures more than 80 times in 35 countries. He served as a member and chairman of SPE Annual Meeting Well Testing subcommittee and textbook and monograph committees, and as executive editor, associate editor, and technical reviewer for SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering and the Journal of Petroleum Technology. He chaired the first SPE conference on research and development in 2007 and the Western Regional Meeting (2019). He served on the boards of directors of Mid-Continent, Gulf Coast, Dallas, and Golden Gate sections of SPE and chaired the Dallas and Golden Gate sections. He also served on the SPE International Board of Directors (2007–2009) as the Regional Director of Western North America. Kamal has been recognized with several regional and international awards including the SPE Cedric K. Ferguson Medal, SPE Formation Evaluation Award, SPE Distinguished Service Award, SPE North and East Texas Regional Service Award, and the Texas Petroleum Engineer of the Year Award. He holds a BSc in petroleum engineering and an MSc in engineering from Cairo University and an MS and PhD in petroleum engineering with a minor in computer science from Stanford University. Let’s begin with a brief introduction of the theme you’ve selected for your presidency, Petroleum++. What will you be emphasizing? There are three elements to this theme: petroleum, the first plus, and the second plus. Let me explain them one at a time. “Petroleum” refers to the challenges petroleum engineers face now and for the foreseeable future to provide the world with the hydrocarbon energy it needs. By hydrocarbons, I mean oil and natural gas, not coal. We can think of the entities that study and predict the world’s future need for energy as three groups: the government entities like the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) and the European Union International Energy Agency (IEA); the major international operators like ExxonMobil, Shell, etc.; and the national oil companies. The predictions provided by all three groups indicate the oil and natural gas share in the energy mix may decline slightly from a little over 50% currently to a little below 50% by 2050. However, the needed volume of hydrocarbons will increase as the world population moves from around 8 billion now to about 9.8 billion in 30 years and as the standard of living continues to improve in the developing regions such as Africa and Asia. When we look at the world’s current reserves and the current technology to produce these, you can add things up and see that we must continue our technical advancements to meet the growing demand for energy.
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Nwaorgu, Innocent Augustine, Wilson E. Herbert, and Francis Onyilo. "A Longitudinal Assessment of Tax Reforms and National Income in Nigeria: 1971-2014." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 8 (July 20, 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n8p43.
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<p>This study assesses the impact of tax reforms on Nigeria’s national income over the period, 1971 to 2014. Using a variety of growth indicators signifying tax reforms, our regression model specified growth rate of national income (proxied by GDP) as a function of growth rates in these indicators. Diagnostic tests (F-statistics, Adjusted R-Square and Durbin-Watson) were carried out to ascertain the robustness of the parameter estimates. We found that tax reforms significantly improved national income and economic growth during the period of study, especially growth rates of value added tax and personal income tax. Our results show that growth rate of personal income tax has a positive significant effect on the national income and economic growth, while that of value added tax has a negative significant effect on growth of national income. The growth components of company income tax and petroleum profit tax are positive but not statistically significant. On the other hand, reforms in custom and excise duties were found to yield negative and statistically non-significant effect. The leading conclusions from these findings are: (1) strategic tax reforms significantly influence the behaviour of national income and GDP; (2) tax policy significantly fosters the growth of national income; and (3) policy makers, especially Ministry of Finance and Federal Inland Revenue Service and their state counterparts, should give requisite attention to tax policy issues, in the light of their obvious implications on growth of the national income and economic development.</p>